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specs/specs/glossary.md at cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d · ethereum-optimism/specs · GitHub
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8.351a1.312 1.312 0 0 1-1.146 1.954H1.33A1.313 1.313 0 0 1 .183 9.058ZM7 7V3H5v4Zm-1 3a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span></span> </div> </div> <div data-target="query-builder.screenReaderFeedback" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" class="sr-only"></div> </query-builder></form> <div class="d-flex flex-row color-fg-muted px-3 text-small color-bg-default search-feedback-prompt"> <a target="_blank" href="https://docs.github.com/search-github/github-code-search/understanding-github-code-search-syntax" data-view-component="true" class="Link color-fg-accent text-normal ml-2"> Search syntax tips </a> <div class="d-flex flex-1"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </modal-dialog></div> </div> <div data-action="click:qbsearch-input#retract" class="dark-backdrop position-fixed" hidden data-target="qbsearch-input.darkBackdrop"></div> <div class="color-fg-default"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="qbsearch-input.feedbackDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="feedback-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="feedback-dialog-title" aria-describedby="feedback-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header"> <div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap"> <div class="Overlay-titleWrap"> <h1 class="Overlay-title " id="feedback-dialog-title"> Provide feedback </h1> </div> <div class="Overlay-actionWrap"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" aria-label="Close" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="close-button Overlay-closeButton"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg></button> </div> </div> </div> <scrollable-region data-labelled-by="feedback-dialog-title"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="code-search-feedback-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/feedback" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="EqwjbJHDBRp4nIhk/OQnhf/1S8ANMYetKeI1peehnSUzWKVOvy0AjNejCL4jg1sAY/wX8SPhELrAA8p/E24nAw==" /> <p>We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously.</p> <textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea> <input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox"> 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Call"},{"level":2,"text":"Depositing Transaction","anchor":"depositing-transaction","htmlText":"Depositing Transaction"},{"level":2,"text":"Depositor","anchor":"depositor","htmlText":"Depositor"},{"level":2,"text":"Deposited Transaction Type","anchor":"deposited-transaction-type","htmlText":"Deposited Transaction Type"},{"level":2,"text":"Deposit Contract","anchor":"deposit-contract","htmlText":"Deposit Contract"},{"level":1,"text":"Withdrawals","anchor":"withdrawals","htmlText":"Withdrawals"},{"level":2,"text":"Relayer","anchor":"relayer","htmlText":"Relayer"},{"level":2,"text":"Finalization Period","anchor":"finalization-period","htmlText":"Finalization Period"},{"level":1,"text":"Batch Submission","anchor":"batch-submission","htmlText":"Batch Submission"},{"level":2,"text":"Data Availability","anchor":"data-availability","htmlText":"Data Availability"},{"level":2,"text":"Data Availability Provider","anchor":"data-availability-provider","htmlText":"Data Availability 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itemprop=\"text\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGlossary\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-glossary\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Glossary\" href=\"#glossary\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 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href=\"#sequencing-window\"\u003eSequencing Window\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#sequencing-epoch\"\u003eSequencing Epoch\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#l1-origin\"\u003eL1 Origin\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#deposits\"\u003eDeposits\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#deposited-transaction\"\u003eDeposited Transaction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#l1-attributes-deposited-transaction\"\u003eL1 Attributes Deposited Transaction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#user-deposited-transaction\"\u003eUser-Deposited Transaction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#depositing-call\"\u003eDepositing Call\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#depositing-transaction\"\u003eDepositing 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Availability Provider\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#sequencer-batch\"\u003eSequencer Batch\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#channel\"\u003eChannel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#channel-frame\"\u003eChannel Frame\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#batcher\"\u003eBatcher\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#batcher-transaction\"\u003eBatcher Transaction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#batch-submission-frequency\"\u003eBatch submission frequency\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#channel-timeout\"\u003eChannel Timeout\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#l2-output-root-proposals\"\u003eL2 Output Root Proposals\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#proposer\"\u003eProposer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#l2-chain-derivation\"\u003eL2 Chain Derivation\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#l2-derivation-inputs\"\u003eL2 Derivation Inputs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#system-configuration\"\u003eSystem Configuration\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#payload-attributes\"\u003ePayload Attributes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#l2-genesis-block\"\u003eL2 Genesis Block\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#l2-chain-inception\"\u003eL2 Chain Inception\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#safe-l2-block\"\u003eSafe L2 Block\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#safe-l2-head\"\u003eSafe L2 Head\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#unsafe-l2-block\"\u003eUnsafe L2 Block\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#unsafe-l2-head\"\u003eUnsafe L2 Head\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#unsafe-block-consolidation\"\u003eUnsafe Block Consolidation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#finalized-l2-head\"\u003eFinalized L2 Head\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#other-l2-chain-concepts\"\u003eOther L2 Chain Concepts\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#address-aliasing\"\u003eAddress Aliasing\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#rollup-node\"\u003eRollup Node\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#rollup-driver\"\u003eRollup Driver\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#l1-attributes-predeployed-contract\"\u003eL1 Attributes Predeployed Contract\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#l2-output-root\"\u003eL2 Output Root\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#l2-output-oracle-contract\"\u003eL2 Output Oracle Contract\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#validator\"\u003eValidator\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#fault-proof\"\u003eFault Proof\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#time-slot\"\u003eTime Slot\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#block-time\"\u003eBlock Time\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#unsafe-sync\"\u003eUnsafe Sync\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#execution-engine-concepts\"\u003eExecution Engine Concepts\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#execution-engine\"\u003eExecution Engine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGeneral Terms\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-general-terms\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: General Terms\" href=\"#general-terms\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLayer 1 (L1)\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-layer-1-l1\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Layer 1 (L1)\" href=\"#layer-1-l1\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRefers the Ethereum blockchain, used in contrast to \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#layer-2-L2\"\u003elayer 2\u003c/a\u003e, which refers to Optimism.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLayer 2 (L2)\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-layer-2-l2\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Layer 2 (L2)\" href=\"#layer-2-l2\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRefers to the Optimism blockchain (specified in this repository), used in contrast to \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#layer-1-L1\"\u003elayer 1\u003c/a\u003e, which\nrefers to the Ethereum blockchain.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eBlock\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-block\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Block\" href=\"#block\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCan refer to an \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#layer-1-L1\"\u003eL1\u003c/a\u003e block, or to an \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#layer-2-L2\"\u003eL2\u003c/a\u003e block, which are structured similarly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA block is a sequential list of transactions, along with a couple of properties stored in the \u003cem\u003eheader\u003c/em\u003e of the block. A\ndescription of these properties can be found in code comments \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/norswap/nanoeth/blob/cc5d94a349c90627024f3cd629a2d830008fec72/src/com/norswap/nanoeth/blocks/BlockHeader.java#L22-L156\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e, or in the \u003ca href=\"https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eEthereum yellow paper\n(pdf)\u003c/a\u003e, section 4.3.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt is useful to distinguish between input block properties, which are known before executing the transactions in the\nblock, and output block properties, which are derived after executing the block's transactions. These include various\n\u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#merkle-patricia-trie\"\u003eMerkle Patricia Trie roots\u003c/a\u003e that notably commit to the L2 state and to the log events emitted during execution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eEOA\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-eoa\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: EOA\" href=\"#eoa\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\"Externally Owned Account\", an Ethereum term to designate addresses operated by users, as opposed to contract addresses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMerkle Patricia Trie\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-merkle-patricia-trie\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Merkle Patricia Trie\" href=\"#merkle-patricia-trie\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/norswap/nanoeth/blob/d4c0c89cc774d4225d16970aa44c74114c1cfa63/src/com/norswap/nanoeth/trees/patricia/README.md\"\u003eMerkle Patricia Trie (MPT)\u003c/a\u003e is a sparse trie, which is a tree-like structure that maps keys to values.\nThe root hash of a MPT is a commitment to the contents of the tree, which allows a\nproof to be constructed for any key-value mapping encoded in the tree. Such a proof is called a Merkle proof, and can be\nverified against the Merkle root.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eChain Re-Organization\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-chain-re-organization\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Chain Re-Organization\" href=\"#chain-re-organization\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA re-organization, or re-org for short, is whenever the head of a blockchain (its last block) changes (as dictated by\nthe \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#fork-choice-rule\"\u003efork choice rule\u003c/a\u003e) to a block that is not a child of the previous head.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eL1 re-orgs can happen because of network conditions or attacks. L2 re-orgs are a consequence of L1 re-orgs, mediated via\n\u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#L2-chain-derivation\"\u003eL2 chain derivation\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePredeployed Contract (\"Predeploy\")\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-predeployed-contract-predeploy\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Predeployed Contract (\u0026quot;Predeploy\u0026quot;)\" href=\"#predeployed-contract-predeploy\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA contract placed in the L2 genesis state (i.e. at the start of the chain).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll predeploy contracts are specified in the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/predeploys.md\"\u003epredeploys specification\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePreinstalled Contract (\"Preinstall\")\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-preinstalled-contract-preinstall\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Preinstalled Contract (\u0026quot;Preinstall\u0026quot;)\" href=\"#preinstalled-contract-preinstall\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA contract placed in the L2 genesis state (i.e. at the start of the chain). These contracts do not share the same\nsecurity guarantees as \u003ca href=\"#predeployed-contract-predeploy\"\u003epredeploys\u003c/a\u003e, but are general use contracts made\navailable to improve the L2's UX.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll preinstall contracts are specified in the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/preinstalls.md\"\u003epreinstalls specification\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePrecompiled Contract (\"Precompile\")\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-precompiled-contract-precompile\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Precompiled Contract (\u0026quot;Precompile\u0026quot;)\" href=\"#precompiled-contract-precompile\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA contract implemented natively in the EVM that performs a specific operation more efficiently than a bytecode\n(e.g. Solidity) implementation. Precompiles exist at predefined addresses. They are created and modified through\nnetwork upgrades.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll precompile contracts are specified in the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/precompiles.md\"\u003eprecompiles specification\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eReceipt\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-receipt\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Receipt\" href=\"#receipt\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA receipt is an output generated by a transaction, comprising a status code, the amount of gas used, a list of log\nentries, and a \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ebloom filter\u003c/a\u003e indexing these entries. Log entries are most notably used to encode \u003ca href=\"https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/contracts.html?highlight=events#events\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSolidity events\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eReceipts are not stored in blocks, but blocks store a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#merkle-patricia-trie\"\u003eMerkle Patricia Trie root\u003c/a\u003e for a tree containing the receipt\nfor every transaction in the block.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eReceipts are specified in the \u003ca href=\"https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eyellow paper (pdf)\u003c/a\u003e section 4.3.1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTransaction Type\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-transaction-type\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Transaction Type\" href=\"#transaction-type\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eEthereum provides a mechanism (as described in \u003ca href=\"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2718\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eEIP-2718\u003c/a\u003e) for defining different transaction types.\nDifferent transaction types can contain different payloads, and be handled differently by the protocol.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFork Choice Rule\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-fork-choice-rule\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Fork Choice Rule\" href=\"#fork-choice-rule\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe fork choice rule is the rule used to determine which block is to be considered as the head of a blockchain. On L1,\nthis is determined by the proof of stake rules.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eL2 also has a fork choice rule, although the rules vary depending on whether we want the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#safe-l2-head\"\u003esafe L2 head\u003c/a\u003e,\nthe \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#unsafe-l2-head\"\u003eunsafe L2 head\u003c/a\u003e or the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#finalized-l2-head\"\u003efinalized L2 head\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePriority Gas Auction\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-priority-gas-auction\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Priority Gas Auction\" href=\"#priority-gas-auction\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTransactions in ethereum are ordered by the price that the transaction pays to the miner. Priority Gas Auctions\n(PGAs) occur when multiple parties are competing to be the first transaction in a block. Each party continuously\nupdates the gas price of their transaction. PGAs occur when there is value in submitting a transaction before other\nparties (like being the first deposit or submitting a deposit before there is not more guaranteed gas remaining).\nPGAs tend to have negative externalities on the network due to a large amount of transactions being submitted in a\nvery short amount of time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSequencing\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-sequencing\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Sequencing\" href=\"#sequencing\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTransactions in the rollup can be included in two ways:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThrough a \u003ca href=\"#deposited-transaction\"\u003edeposited transaction\u003c/a\u003e, enforced by the system\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThrough a regular transaction, embedded in a \u003ca href=\"#sequencer-batch\"\u003esequencer batch\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSubmitting transactions for inclusion in a batch saves costs by reducing overhead, and enables the sequencer to\npre-confirm the transactions before the L1 confirms the data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSequencer\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-sequencer\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Sequencer\" href=\"#sequencer\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA sequencer is either a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node\"\u003erollup node\u003c/a\u003e ran in sequencer mode, or the operator of this rollup node.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe sequencer is a privileged actor, which receives L2 transactions from L2 users, creates L2 blocks using them, which\nit then submits to \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#data-availability-provider\"\u003edata availability provider\u003c/a\u003e (via a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#batcher\"\u003ebatcher\u003c/a\u003e). It also submits \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-output-root\"\u003eoutput\nroots\u003c/a\u003e to L1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSequencing Window\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-sequencing-window\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Sequencing Window\" href=\"#sequencing-window\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA sequencing window is a range of L1 blocks from which a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencing-epoch\"\u003esequencing epoch\u003c/a\u003e can be derived.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA sequencing window whose first L1 block has number \u003ccode\u003eN\u003c/code\u003e contains \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#batcher-transaction\"\u003ebatcher transactions\u003c/a\u003e for epoch\n\u003ccode\u003eN\u003c/code\u003e. The window contains blocks \u003ccode\u003e[N, N + SWS)\u003c/code\u003e where \u003ccode\u003eSWS\u003c/code\u003e is the sequencer window size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe current default \u003ccode\u003esws\u003c/code\u003e is 3600 epochs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAdditionally, the first block in the window defines the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#depositing-transaction\"\u003edepositing transactions\u003c/a\u003e which determine the\n\u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposits\"\u003edeposits\u003c/a\u003e to be included in the first L2 block of the epoch.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSequencing Epoch\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-sequencing-epoch\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Sequencing Epoch\" href=\"#sequencing-epoch\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA sequencing epoch is sequential range of L2 blocks derived from a \u003ca href=\"#sequencing-window\"\u003esequencing window\u003c/a\u003e of L1 blocks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eEach epoch is identified by an epoch number, which is equal to the block number of the first L1 block in the\nsequencing window.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eEpochs can have variable size, subject to some constraints. See the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/derivation.md\"\u003eL2 chain derivation specification\u003c/a\u003e\nfor more details.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eL1 Origin\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-l1-origin\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: L1 Origin\" href=\"#l1-origin\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe L1 origin of an L2 block is the L1 block corresponding to its \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencing-epoch\"\u003esequencing epoch\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDeposits\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-deposits\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Deposits\" href=\"#deposits\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn general, a deposit is an L2 transaction derived from an L1 block (by the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-driver\"\u003erollup driver\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhile transaction deposits are notably (but not only) used to \"deposit\" (bridge) ETH and tokens to L2, the word\n\u003cem\u003edeposit\u003c/em\u003e should be understood as \"a transaction \u003cem\u003edeposited\u003c/em\u003e to L2 from L1\".\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis term \u003cem\u003edeposit\u003c/em\u003e is somewhat ambiguous as these \"transactions\" exist at multiple levels. This section disambiguates\nall deposit-related terms.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNotably, a \u003cem\u003edeposit\u003c/em\u003e can refer to:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposited-transaction\"\u003edeposited transaction\u003c/a\u003e (on L2) that is part of a deposit block.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#depositing-call\"\u003edepositing call\u003c/a\u003e that causes a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposited-transaction\"\u003edeposited transaction\u003c/a\u003e to be derived.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe event/log data generated by the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#depositing-call\"\u003edepositing call\u003c/a\u003e, which is what the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-driver\"\u003erollup driver\u003c/a\u003e reads to\nderive the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposited-transaction\"\u003edeposited transaction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe sometimes also talk about \u003cem\u003euser deposit\u003c/em\u003e which is a similar term that explicitly excludes \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l1-attributes-deposited-transaction\"\u003eL1 attributes deposited\ntransactions\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDeposits are specified in the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/deposits.md\"\u003edeposits specification\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDeposited Transaction\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-deposited-transaction\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Deposited Transaction\" href=\"#deposited-transaction\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA \u003cem\u003edeposited transaction\u003c/em\u003e is a L2 transaction that was derived from L1 and included in a L2 block.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThere are two kinds of deposited transactions:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l1-attributes-deposited-transaction\"\u003eL1 attributes deposited transaction\u003c/a\u003e, which submits the L1 block's attributes to the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l1-attributes-predeployed-contract\"\u003eL1 Attributes\nPredeployed Contract\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#user-deposited-transaction\"\u003eUser-deposited transactions\u003c/a\u003e, which are transactions derived from an L1 call to the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposit-contract\"\u003edeposit\ncontract\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eL1 Attributes Deposited Transaction\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-l1-attributes-deposited-transaction\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: L1 Attributes Deposited Transaction\" href=\"#l1-attributes-deposited-transaction\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn \u003cem\u003eL1 attributes deposited transaction\u003c/em\u003e is \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposited-transaction\"\u003edeposited transaction\u003c/a\u003e that is used to register the L1 block\nattributes (number, timestamp, ...) on L2 via a call to the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l1-attributes-predeployed-contract\"\u003eL1 Attributes Predeployed Contract\u003c/a\u003e.\nThat contract can then be used to read the attributes of the L1 block corresponding to the current L2 block.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eL1 attributes deposited transactions are specified in the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/deposits.md#l1-attributes-deposited-transaction\"\u003eL1 Attributes Deposit\u003c/a\u003e section of the\ndeposits specification.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUser-Deposited Transaction\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-user-deposited-transaction\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: User-Deposited Transaction\" href=\"#user-deposited-transaction\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA \u003cem\u003euser-deposited transaction\u003c/em\u003e is a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposited-transaction\"\u003edeposited transaction\u003c/a\u003e which is derived from an L1 call to the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposit-contract\"\u003edeposit\ncontract\u003c/a\u003e (a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#depositing-call\"\u003edepositing call\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUser-deposited transactions are specified in the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/deposits.md#user-deposited-transactions\"\u003eTransaction Deposits\u003c/a\u003e section of the deposits\nspecification.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDepositing Call\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-depositing-call\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Depositing Call\" href=\"#depositing-call\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA \u003cem\u003edepositing call\u003c/em\u003e is an L1 call to the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposit-contract\"\u003edeposit contract\u003c/a\u003e, which will be derived to a\n\u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#user-deposited-transaction\"\u003euser-deposited transaction\u003c/a\u003e by the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-driver\"\u003erollup driver\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis call specifies all the data (destination, value, calldata, ...) for the deposited transaction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDepositing Transaction\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-depositing-transaction\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Depositing Transaction\" href=\"#depositing-transaction\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA \u003cem\u003edepositing transaction\u003c/em\u003e is an L1 transaction that makes one or more \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#depositing-call\"\u003edepositing calls\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDepositor\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-depositor\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Depositor\" href=\"#depositor\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003cem\u003edepositor\u003c/em\u003e is the L1 account (contract or \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#EOA\"\u003eEOA\u003c/a\u003e) that makes (is the \u003ccode\u003emsg.sender\u003c/code\u003e of) the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#depositing-call\"\u003edepositing\ncall\u003c/a\u003e. The \u003cem\u003edepositor\u003c/em\u003e is \u003cstrong\u003eNOT\u003c/strong\u003e the originator of the depositing transaction (i.e. \u003ccode\u003etx.origin\u003c/code\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDeposited Transaction Type\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-deposited-transaction-type\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Deposited Transaction Type\" href=\"#deposited-transaction-type\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003cem\u003edeposited transaction type\u003c/em\u003e is an \u003ca href=\"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2718\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eEIP-2718\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#transaction-type\"\u003etransaction type\u003c/a\u003e, which specifies the input fields\nand correct handling of a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposited-transaction\"\u003edeposited transaction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSee the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/deposits.md#the-deposited-transaction-type\"\u003ecorresponding section\u003c/a\u003e of the deposits spec for more information.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDeposit Contract\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-deposit-contract\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Deposit Contract\" href=\"#deposit-contract\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003cem\u003edeposit contract\u003c/em\u003e is an \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#layer-1-L1\"\u003eL1\u003c/a\u003e contract to which \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#EOA\"\u003eEOAs\u003c/a\u003e and contracts may send \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposits\"\u003edeposits\u003c/a\u003e. The deposits are\nemitted as log records (in Solidity, these are called \u003cem\u003eevents\u003c/em\u003e) for consumption by \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node\"\u003erollup nodes\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAdvanced note: the deposits are not stored in calldata because they can be sent by contracts, in which case the calldata\nis part of the \u003cem\u003einternal\u003c/em\u003e execution between contracts, and this intermediate calldata is not captured in one of the\n\u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#merkle-patricia-trie\"\u003eMerkle Patricia Trie roots\u003c/a\u003e included in the L1 block.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ecf. \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/deposits.md\"\u003eDeposits Specification\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eWithdrawals\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-withdrawals\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Withdrawals\" href=\"#withdrawals\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTODO\u003c/strong\u003e expand this whole section to be clearer\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn general, a withdrawal is a transaction sent from L2 to L1 that may transfer data and/or value.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe term \u003cem\u003ewithdrawal\u003c/em\u003e is somewhat ambiguous as these \"transactions\" exist at multiple levels. In order to differentiate\nbetween the L1 and L2 components of a withdrawal we introduce the following terms:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA \u003cem\u003ewithdrawal initiating transaction\u003c/em\u003e refers specifically to a transaction on L2 sent to the Withdrawals predeploy.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA \u003cem\u003ewithdrawal finalizing transaction\u003c/em\u003e refers specifically to an L1 transaction which finalizes and relays the\nwithdrawal.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRelayer\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-relayer\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Relayer\" href=\"#relayer\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn EOA on L1 which finalizes a withdrawal by submitting the data necessary to verify its inclusion on L2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFinalization Period\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-finalization-period\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Finalization Period\" href=\"#finalization-period\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe finalization period — sometimes also called \u003cem\u003ewithdrawal delay\u003c/em\u003e — is the minimum amount of time (in seconds) that\nmust elapse before a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#withdrawals\"\u003ewithdrawal\u003c/a\u003e can be finalized.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe finalization period is necessary to afford sufficient time for \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#validator\"\u003evalidators\u003c/a\u003e to make a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#fault-proof\"\u003efault\nproof\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTODO\u003c/strong\u003e specify current value for finalization period\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eBatch Submission\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-batch-submission\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Batch Submission\" href=\"#batch-submission\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-data-availability\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Data Availability\" href=\"#data-availability\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eData availability is the guarantee that some data will be \"available\" (i.e. \u003cem\u003eretrievable\u003c/em\u003e) during a reasonably long time\nwindow. In Optimism's case, the data in question are \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencer-batch\"\u003esequencer batches\u003c/a\u003e that \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#validator\"\u003evalidators\u003c/a\u003e\nneed in order to verify the sequencer's work and validate the L2 chain.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#finalization-period\"\u003efinalization period\u003c/a\u003e should be taken as the lower bound on the availability window, since\nthat is when data availability is the most crucial, as it is needed to perform a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#fault-proof\"\u003efault proof\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\"Availability\" \u003cstrong\u003edoes not\u003c/strong\u003e mean guaranteed long-term storage of the data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eData Availability Provider\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-data-availability-provider\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Data Availability Provider\" href=\"#data-availability-provider\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA data availability provider is a service that can be used to make data available. See the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#data-availability\"\u003eData\nAvailability\u003c/a\u003e for more information on what this means.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIdeally, a good data availability provider provides strong \u003cem\u003everifiable\u003c/em\u003e guarantees of data availability\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAt present, the supported data availability providers include Ethereum call data and blob data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSequencer Batch\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-sequencer-batch\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Sequencer Batch\" href=\"#sequencer-batch\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA sequencer batch is list of L2 transactions (that were submitted to a sequencer) tagged with an \u003ca href=\"#sequencing-epoch\"\u003eepoch\nnumber\u003c/a\u003e and an L2 block timestamp (which can trivially be converted to a block number, given our\nblock time is constant).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSequencer batches are part of the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-derivation-inputs\"\u003eL2 derivation inputs\u003c/a\u003e. Each batch represents the inputs needed to build\n\u003cstrong\u003eone\u003c/strong\u003e L2 block (given the existing L2 chain state) — except for the first block of each epoch, which also needs\ninformation about deposits (cf. the section on \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-derivation-inputs\"\u003eL2 derivation inputs\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eChannel\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-channel\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Channel\" href=\"#channel\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA channel is a sequence of \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencer-batch\"\u003esequencer batches\u003c/a\u003e (for sequential blocks) compressed together. The reason\nto group multiple batches together is simply to obtain a better compression rate, hence reducing data availability\ncosts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA channel can be split in \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#channel-frame\"\u003eframes\u003c/a\u003e in order to be transmitted via \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#batcher-transaction\"\u003ebatcher\ntransactions\u003c/a\u003e. The reason to split a channel into frames is that a channel might be too large to\ninclude in a single batcher transaction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA channel is uniquely identified by its timestamp (UNIX time at which the channel was created) and a random value. See\nthe \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/derivation.md#frame-format\"\u003eFrame Format\u003c/a\u003e section of the L2 Chain Derivation specification for more information.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOn the side of the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node\"\u003erollup node\u003c/a\u003e (which is the consumer of channels), a channel is considered to be\n\u003cem\u003eopened\u003c/em\u003e if its final frame (explicitly marked as such) has not been read, or closed otherwise.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eChannel Frame\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-channel-frame\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Channel Frame\" href=\"#channel-frame\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA channel frame is a chunk of data belonging to a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#channel\"\u003echannel\u003c/a\u003e. \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#batcher-transaction\"\u003eBatcher transactions\u003c/a\u003e carry one or\nmultiple frames. The reason to split a channel into frames is that a channel might too large to include in a single\nbatcher transaction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eBatcher\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-batcher\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Batcher\" href=\"#batcher\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA batcher is a software component (independent program) that is responsible to make channels available on a data\navailability provider. The batcher communicates with the rollup node in order to retrieve the channels. The channels are\nthen made available using \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#batcher-transaction\"\u003ebatcher transactions\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTODO\u003c/strong\u003e In the future, we might want to make the batcher responsible for constructing the channels, letting it only\nquery the rollup node for L2 block inputs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eBatcher Transaction\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-batcher-transaction\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Batcher Transaction\" href=\"#batcher-transaction\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA batcher transaction is a transaction submitted by a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#batcher\"\u003ebatcher\u003c/a\u003e to a data availability provider, in order to make\nchannels available. These transactions carry one or more full frames, which may belong to different channels. A\nchannel's frames may be split between multiple batcher transactions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhen submitted to Ethereum calldata, the batcher transaction's receiver must be the sequencer inbox address. The\ntransaction must also be signed by a recognized batch submitter account. The recognized batch submitter account\nis stored in the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#system-configuration\"\u003eSystem Configuration\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eBatch submission frequency\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-batch-submission-frequency\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Batch submission frequency\" href=\"#batch-submission-frequency\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWithin the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencing-window\"\u003esequencing-window\u003c/a\u003e constraints the batcher is permitted by the protocol to submit L2 blocks for\ndata-availability at any time. The batcher software allows for dynamic policy configuration by its operator.\nThe rollup enforces safety guarantees and liveness through the sequencing window, if the batcher does not submit\ndata within this allotted time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBy submitting new L2 data in smaller more frequent steps, there is less delay in confirmation of the L2 block\ninputs. This allows verifiers to ensure safety of L2 blocks sooner. This also reduces the time to finality of\nthe data on L1, and thus the time to L2 input-finality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBy submitting new L2 data in larger less frequent steps, there is more time to aggregate more L2 data, and\nthus reduce fixed overhead of the batch-submission work. This can reduce batch-submission costs, especially\nfor lower throughput chains that do not fill data-transactions (typically 128 KB of calldata, or 800 KB\nof blobdata) as quickly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eChannel Timeout\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-channel-timeout\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Channel Timeout\" href=\"#channel-timeout\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe channel timeout is a duration (in L1 blocks) during which \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#channel-frame\"\u003echannel frames\u003c/a\u003e may land on L1 within\n\u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#batcher-transaction\"\u003ebatcher transactions\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe acceptable time range for the frames of a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#channel\"\u003echannel\u003c/a\u003e is \u003ccode\u003e[channel_id.timestamp, channel_id.timestamp + CHANNEL_TIMEOUT]\u003c/code\u003e. The acceptable L1 block range for these frames are any L1 block whose timestamp falls inside this\ntime range. (Note that \u003ccode\u003echannel_id.timestamp\u003c/code\u003e must be lower than the L1 block timestamp of any L1 block in which frames\nof the channel are seen, or else these frames are ignored.)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe purpose of channel timeouts is dual:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAvoid keeping old unclosed channel data around forever (an unclosed channel is a channel whose final frame was not\nsent).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBound the number of L1 blocks we have to look back in order to decode \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencer-batch\"\u003esequencer batches\u003c/a\u003e from\nchannels. This is particularly relevant during L1 re-orgs, see the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/derivation.md#resetting-channel-buffering\"\u003eResetting Channel Buffering\u003c/a\u003e\nsection of the L2 Chain Derivation specification for more information.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTODO\u003c/strong\u003e specify \u003ccode\u003eCHANNEL_TIMEOUT\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eL2 Output Root Proposals\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-l2-output-root-proposals\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: L2 Output Root Proposals\" href=\"#l2-output-root-proposals\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eProposer\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-proposer\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Proposer\" href=\"#proposer\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe proposer's role is to construct and submit output roots, which are commitments to the L2's state, to the\nL2OutputOracle contract on L1 (the settlement layer). To do this, the proposer periodically queries the rollup node for\nthe latest output root derived from the latest finalized L1 block. It then takes the output root and submits it to the\nL2OutputOracle contract on the settlement layer (L1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eL2 Chain Derivation\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-l2-chain-derivation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: L2 Chain Derivation\" href=\"#l2-chain-derivation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eL2 chain derivation is a process that reads \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-derivation-inputs\"\u003eL2 derivation inputs\u003c/a\u003e from L1 in order to derive the L2\nchain.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSee the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/derivation.md\"\u003eL2 chain derivation specification\u003c/a\u003e for more details.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eL2 Derivation Inputs\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-l2-derivation-inputs\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: L2 Derivation Inputs\" href=\"#l2-derivation-inputs\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis term refers to data that is found in L1 blocks and is read by the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node\"\u003erollup node\u003c/a\u003e to construct \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#payload-attributes\"\u003epayload\nattributes\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eL2 derivation inputs include:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL1 block attributes\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eblock number\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003etimestamp\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ebasefee\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eblob base fee\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposits\"\u003edeposits\u003c/a\u003e (as log data)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencer-batch\"\u003esequencer batches\u003c/a\u003e (as transaction data)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#system-configuration\"\u003eSystem configuration\u003c/a\u003e updates (as log data)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSystem Configuration\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-system-configuration\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: System Configuration\" href=\"#system-configuration\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis term refers to the collection of dynamically configurable rollup parameters maintained\nby the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#system-configuration\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eSystemConfig\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e contract on L1 and read by the L2 \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#L2-chain-derivation\"\u003ederivation\u003c/a\u003e process.\nThese parameters enable keys to be rotated regularly and external cost parameters to be adjusted\nwithout the network upgrade overhead of a hardfork.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePayload Attributes\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-payload-attributes\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Payload Attributes\" href=\"#payload-attributes\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis term refers to an object that can be derived from \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-derivation-inputs\"\u003eL2 chain derivation inputs\u003c/a\u003e found on L1, which are\nthen passed to the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#execution-engine\"\u003eexecution engine\u003c/a\u003e to construct L2 blocks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe payload attributes object essentially encodes \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#block\"\u003ea block without output properties\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePayload attributes are originally specified in the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/shanghai.md#PayloadAttributesV2\"\u003eEthereum Engine API specification\u003c/a\u003e, which we expand in\nthe \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/exec-engine.md\"\u003eExecution Engine Specification\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSee also the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/rollup-node.md#building-the-payload-attributes\"\u003eBuilding The Payload Attributes\u003c/a\u003e section of the rollup node specification.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eL2 Genesis Block\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-l2-genesis-block\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: L2 Genesis Block\" href=\"#l2-genesis-block\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe L2 genesis block is the first block of the L2 chain in its current version.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe state of the L2 genesis block comprises:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eState inherited from the previous version of the L2 chain.\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis state was possibly modified by \"state surgeries\". For instance, the migration to Bedrock entailed changes on\nhow native ETH balances were stored in the storage trie.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#predeployed-contract-predeploy\"\u003ePredeployed contracts\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe timestamp of the L2 genesis block must be a multiple of the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#block-time\"\u003eblock time\u003c/a\u003e (i.e. a even number, since the\nblock time is 2 seconds).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhen updating the rollup protocol to a new version, we may perform a \u003cem\u003esquash fork\u003c/em\u003e, a process that entails the creation\nof a new L2 genesis block. This new L2 genesis block will have block number \u003ccode\u003eX + 1\u003c/code\u003e, where \u003ccode\u003eX\u003c/code\u003e is the block number of\nthe final L2 block before the update.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA squash fork is not to be confused with a \u003cem\u003ere-genesis\u003c/em\u003e, a similar process that we employed in the past, which also\nresets L2 block numbers, such that the new L2 genesis block has number 0. We will not employ re-genesis in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSquash forks are superior to re-geneses because they avoid duplicating L2 block numbers, which breaks a lot of external\ntools.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eL2 Chain Inception\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-l2-chain-inception\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: L2 Chain Inception\" href=\"#l2-chain-inception\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe L1 block number at which the output roots for the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-genesis-block\"\u003egenesis block\u003c/a\u003e were proposed on the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-output-oracle-contract\"\u003eoutput\noracle\u003c/a\u003e contract.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn the current implementation, this is the L1 block number at which the output oracle contract was deployed or upgraded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSafe L2 Block\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-safe-l2-block\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Safe L2 Block\" href=\"#safe-l2-block\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA safe L2 block is an L2 block that can be derived entirely from L1 by a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node\"\u003erollup node\u003c/a\u003e. This can vary\nbetween different nodes, based on their view of the L1 chain.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSafe L2 Head\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-safe-l2-head\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Safe L2 Head\" href=\"#safe-l2-head\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe safe L2 head is the highest \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#safe-l2-block\"\u003esafe L2 block\u003c/a\u003e that a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node\"\u003erollup node\u003c/a\u003e knows about.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUnsafe L2 Block\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-unsafe-l2-block\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Unsafe L2 Block\" href=\"#unsafe-l2-block\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn unsafe L2 block is an L2 block that a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node\"\u003erollup node\u003c/a\u003e knows about, but which was not derived from the L1\nchain. In sequencer mode, this will be a block sequenced by the sequencer itself. In validator mode, this will be a\nblock acquired from the sequencer via \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#unsafe-sync\"\u003eunsafe sync\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUnsafe L2 Head\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-unsafe-l2-head\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Unsafe L2 Head\" href=\"#unsafe-l2-head\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe unsafe L2 head is the highest \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#unsafe-l2-block\"\u003eunsafe L2 block\u003c/a\u003e that a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node\"\u003erollup node\u003c/a\u003e knows about.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUnsafe Block Consolidation\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-unsafe-block-consolidation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Unsafe Block Consolidation\" href=\"#unsafe-block-consolidation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUnsafe block consolidation is the process through which the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node\"\u003erollup node\u003c/a\u003e attempts to move the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#safe-l2-head\"\u003esafe L2\nhead\u003c/a\u003e a block forward, so that the oldest \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#unsafe-l2-block\"\u003eunsafe L2 block\u003c/a\u003e becomes the new safe L2 head.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn order to perform consolidation, the node verifies that the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#payload-attributes\"\u003epayload attributes\u003c/a\u003e derived from the L1\nchain match the oldest unsafe L2 block exactly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSee the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/derivation.md#engine-queue\"\u003eEngine Queue section\u003c/a\u003e of the L2 chain derivation spec for more information.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFinalized L2 Head\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-finalized-l2-head\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Finalized L2 Head\" href=\"#finalized-l2-head\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe finalized L2 head is the highest L2 block that can be derived from \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://hackmd.io/@prysmaticlabs/finality\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003efinalized\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e L1 blocks — i.e. L1\nblocks older than two L1 epochs (64 L1 \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#time-slot\"\u003etime slots\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eOther L2 Chain Concepts\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-other-l2-chain-concepts\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Other L2 Chain Concepts\" href=\"#other-l2-chain-concepts\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAddress Aliasing\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-address-aliasing\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Address Aliasing\" href=\"#address-aliasing\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhen a contract submits a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposits\"\u003edeposit\u003c/a\u003e from L1 to L2, its address (as returned by \u003ccode\u003eORIGIN\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eCALLER\u003c/code\u003e) will be\naliased with a modified representation of the address of a contract.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ecf. \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/deposits.md#address-aliasing\"\u003eDeposit Specification\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRollup Node\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-rollup-node\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Rollup Node\" href=\"#rollup-node\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe rollup node is responsible for \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#L2-chain-derivation\"\u003ederiving the L2 chain\u003c/a\u003e from the L1 chain (L1 \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#block\"\u003eblocks\u003c/a\u003e and their\nassociated \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#receipt\"\u003ereceipts\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe rollup node can run either in \u003cem\u003evalidator\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003esequencer\u003c/em\u003e mode.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn sequencer mode, the rollup node receives L2 transactions from users, which it uses to create L2 blocks. These are\nthen submitted to a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#data-availability-provider\"\u003edata availability provider\u003c/a\u003e via \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#batch-submission\"\u003ebatch submission\u003c/a\u003e. The L2 chain\nderivation then acts as a sanity check and a way to detect L1 chain \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#chain-re-organization\"\u003ere-orgs\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn validator mode, the rollup node performs derivation as indicated above, but is also able to \"run ahead\" of the L1\nchain by getting blocks directly from the sequencer, in which case derivation serves to validate the sequencer's\nbehavior.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA rollup node running in validator mode is sometimes called \u003cem\u003ea replica\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTODO\u003c/strong\u003e expand this to include output root submission\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSee the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/rollup-node.md\"\u003erollup node specification\u003c/a\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRollup Driver\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-rollup-driver\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Rollup Driver\" href=\"#rollup-driver\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe rollup driver is the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node\"\u003erollup node\u003c/a\u003e component responsible for \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#L2-chain-derivation\"\u003ederiving the L2 chain\u003c/a\u003e\nfrom the L1 chain (L1 \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#block\"\u003eblocks\u003c/a\u003e and their associated \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#receipt\"\u003ereceipts\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTODO\u003c/strong\u003e delete this entry, alongside its reference — can be replaced by \"derivation process\" or \"derivation logic\"\nwhere needed\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eL1 Attributes Predeployed Contract\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-l1-attributes-predeployed-contract\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: L1 Attributes Predeployed Contract\" href=\"#l1-attributes-predeployed-contract\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#predeployed-contract-predeploy\"\u003epredeployed contract\u003c/a\u003e on L2 that can be used to retrieve the L1 block attributes of L1 blocks with a given\nblock number or a given block hash.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ecf. \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/deposits.md#l1-attributes-predeployed-contract\"\u003eL1 Attributes Predeployed Contract Specification\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eL2 Output Root\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-l2-output-root\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: L2 Output Root\" href=\"#l2-output-root\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA 32 byte value which serves as a commitment to the current state of the L2 chain.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ecf. \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/proposals.md#l2-output-root-proposals-specification\"\u003eProposing L2 output commitments\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eL2 Output Oracle Contract\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-l2-output-oracle-contract\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: L2 Output Oracle Contract\" href=\"#l2-output-oracle-contract\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn L1 contract to which \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-output-root\"\u003eL2 output roots\u003c/a\u003e are posted by the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencer\"\u003esequencer\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eValidator\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-validator\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Validator\" href=\"#validator\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA validator is an entity (individual or organization) that runs a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node\"\u003erollup node\u003c/a\u003e in validator mode.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDoing so grants a lot of benefits similar to running an Ethereum node, such as the ability to simulate L2 transactions\nlocally, without rate limiting.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt also lets the validator verify the work of the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencer\"\u003esequencer\u003c/a\u003e, by re-deriving \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-output-root\"\u003eoutput roots\u003c/a\u003e and comparing\nthem against those submitted by the sequencer. In case of a mismatch, the validator can perform a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#fault-proof\"\u003efault\nproof\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFault Proof\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-fault-proof\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Fault Proof\" href=\"#fault-proof\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn on-chain \u003cem\u003einteractive\u003c/em\u003e proof, performed by \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#validator\"\u003evalidators\u003c/a\u003e, that demonstrates that a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencer\"\u003esequencer\u003c/a\u003e provided\nerroneous \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-output-root\"\u003eoutput roots\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ecf. \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/fault-proof/index.md\"\u003eFault Proofs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTime Slot\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-time-slot\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Time Slot\" href=\"#time-slot\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOn L2, there is a block every 2 second (this duration is known as the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#block-time\"\u003eblock time\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe say that there is a \"time slot\" every multiple of 2s after the timestamp of the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-genesis-block\"\u003eL2 genesis block\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOn L1, post-\u003ca href=\"https://ethereum.org/en/eth2/merge/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003emerge\u003c/a\u003e, the time slots are every 12s. However, an L1 block may not be produced for every time slot, in case\nof even benign consensus issues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eBlock Time\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-block-time\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Block Time\" href=\"#block-time\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe L2 block time is 2 second, meaning there is an L2 block at every 2s \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#time-slot\"\u003etime slot\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePost-\u003ca href=\"https://ethereum.org/en/eth2/merge/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003emerge\u003c/a\u003e, it could be said that the L1 block time is 12s as that is the L1 \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#time-slot\"\u003etime slot\u003c/a\u003e. However, in\nreality the block time is variable as some time slots might be skipped.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePre-merge, the L1 block time is variable, though it is on average 13s.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUnsafe Sync\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-unsafe-sync\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Unsafe Sync\" href=\"#unsafe-sync\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUnsafe sync is the process through which a \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#validator\"\u003evalidator\u003c/a\u003e learns about \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#unsafe-l2-block\"\u003eunsafe L2 blocks\u003c/a\u003e from\nthe \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencer\"\u003esequencer\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThese unsafe blocks will later need to be confirmed by the L1 chain (via \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#unsafe-block-consolidation\"\u003eunsafe block consolidation\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eExecution Engine Concepts\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-execution-engine-concepts\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Execution Engine Concepts\" href=\"#execution-engine-concepts\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eExecution Engine\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-execution-engine\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Execution Engine\" href=\"#execution-engine\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe execution engine is responsible for executing transactions in blocks and computing the resulting state roots,\nreceipts roots and block hash.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBoth L1 (post-\u003ca href=\"https://ethereum.org/en/eth2/merge/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003emerge\u003c/a\u003e) and L2 have an execution engine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOn L1, the executed blocks can come from L1 block synchronization; or from a block freshly minted by the execution\nengine (using transactions from the L1 \u003ca href=\"https://www.quicknode.com/guides/defi/how-to-access-ethereum-mempool\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003emempool\u003c/a\u003e), at the request of the L1 consensus layer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOn L2, the executed blocks are freshly minted by the execution engine at the request of the \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node\"\u003erollup node\u003c/a\u003e,\nusing transactions \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#L2-chain-derivation\"\u003ederived from L1 blocks\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn these specifications, \"execution engine\" always refer to the L2 execution engine, unless otherwise specified.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ecf. \u003ca href=\"/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/exec-engine.md\"\u003eExecution Engine 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3Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div><div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hGyMdv"><section aria-labelledby="file-name-id-wide file-name-id-mobile" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fGqKFv"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 eoaCFS js-snippet-clipboard-copy-unpositioned" data-hpc="true"><article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Glossary</h1><a id="user-content-glossary" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Glossary" href="#glossary"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#general-terms">General Terms</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#layer-1-l1">Layer 1 (L1)</a></li> <li><a href="#layer-2-l2">Layer 2 (L2)</a></li> <li><a href="#block">Block</a></li> <li><a href="#eoa">EOA</a></li> <li><a href="#merkle-patricia-trie">Merkle Patricia Trie</a></li> <li><a href="#chain-re-organization">Chain Re-Organization</a></li> <li><a href="#predeployed-contract-predeploy">Predeployed Contract ("Predeploy")</a></li> <li><a href="#preinstalled-contract-preinstall">Preinstalled Contract ("Preinstall")</a></li> <li><a href="#precompiled-contract-precompile">Precompiled Contract ("Precompile")</a></li> <li><a href="#receipt">Receipt</a></li> <li><a href="#transaction-type">Transaction Type</a></li> <li><a href="#fork-choice-rule">Fork Choice Rule</a></li> <li><a href="#priority-gas-auction">Priority Gas Auction</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#sequencing">Sequencing</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#sequencer">Sequencer</a></li> <li><a href="#sequencing-window">Sequencing Window</a></li> <li><a href="#sequencing-epoch">Sequencing Epoch</a></li> <li><a href="#l1-origin">L1 Origin</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#deposits">Deposits</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#deposited-transaction">Deposited Transaction</a></li> <li><a href="#l1-attributes-deposited-transaction">L1 Attributes Deposited Transaction</a></li> <li><a href="#user-deposited-transaction">User-Deposited Transaction</a></li> <li><a href="#depositing-call">Depositing Call</a></li> <li><a href="#depositing-transaction">Depositing Transaction</a></li> <li><a href="#depositor">Depositor</a></li> <li><a href="#deposited-transaction-type">Deposited Transaction Type</a></li> <li><a href="#deposit-contract">Deposit Contract</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#withdrawals">Withdrawals</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#relayer">Relayer</a></li> <li><a href="#finalization-period">Finalization Period</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#batch-submission">Batch Submission</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#data-availability">Data Availability</a></li> <li><a href="#data-availability-provider">Data Availability Provider</a></li> <li><a href="#sequencer-batch">Sequencer Batch</a></li> <li><a href="#channel">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="#channel-frame">Channel Frame</a></li> <li><a href="#batcher">Batcher</a></li> <li><a href="#batcher-transaction">Batcher Transaction</a></li> <li><a href="#batch-submission-frequency">Batch submission frequency</a></li> <li><a href="#channel-timeout">Channel Timeout</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#l2-output-root-proposals">L2 Output Root Proposals</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#proposer">Proposer</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#l2-chain-derivation">L2 Chain Derivation</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#l2-derivation-inputs">L2 Derivation Inputs</a></li> <li><a href="#system-configuration">System Configuration</a></li> <li><a href="#payload-attributes">Payload Attributes</a></li> <li><a href="#l2-genesis-block">L2 Genesis Block</a></li> <li><a href="#l2-chain-inception">L2 Chain Inception</a></li> <li><a href="#safe-l2-block">Safe L2 Block</a></li> <li><a href="#safe-l2-head">Safe L2 Head</a></li> <li><a href="#unsafe-l2-block">Unsafe L2 Block</a></li> <li><a href="#unsafe-l2-head">Unsafe L2 Head</a></li> <li><a href="#unsafe-block-consolidation">Unsafe Block Consolidation</a></li> <li><a href="#finalized-l2-head">Finalized L2 Head</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#other-l2-chain-concepts">Other L2 Chain Concepts</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#address-aliasing">Address Aliasing</a></li> <li><a href="#rollup-node">Rollup Node</a></li> <li><a href="#rollup-driver">Rollup Driver</a></li> <li><a href="#l1-attributes-predeployed-contract">L1 Attributes Predeployed Contract</a></li> <li><a href="#l2-output-root">L2 Output Root</a></li> <li><a href="#l2-output-oracle-contract">L2 Output Oracle Contract</a></li> <li><a href="#validator">Validator</a></li> <li><a href="#fault-proof">Fault Proof</a></li> <li><a href="#time-slot">Time Slot</a></li> <li><a href="#block-time">Block Time</a></li> <li><a href="#unsafe-sync">Unsafe Sync</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#execution-engine-concepts">Execution Engine Concepts</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#execution-engine">Execution Engine</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <hr> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">General Terms</h1><a id="user-content-general-terms" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: General Terms" href="#general-terms"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Layer 1 (L1)</h2><a id="user-content-layer-1-l1" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Layer 1 (L1)" href="#layer-1-l1"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Refers the Ethereum blockchain, used in contrast to <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#layer-2-L2">layer 2</a>, which refers to Optimism.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Layer 2 (L2)</h2><a id="user-content-layer-2-l2" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Layer 2 (L2)" href="#layer-2-l2"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Refers to the Optimism blockchain (specified in this repository), used in contrast to <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#layer-1-L1">layer 1</a>, which refers to the Ethereum blockchain.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Block</h2><a id="user-content-block" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Block" href="#block"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Can refer to an <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#layer-1-L1">L1</a> block, or to an <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#layer-2-L2">L2</a> block, which are structured similarly.</p> <p dir="auto">A block is a sequential list of transactions, along with a couple of properties stored in the <em>header</em> of the block. A description of these properties can be found in code comments <a href="https://github.com/norswap/nanoeth/blob/cc5d94a349c90627024f3cd629a2d830008fec72/src/com/norswap/nanoeth/blocks/BlockHeader.java#L22-L156">here</a>, or in the <a href="https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf" rel="nofollow">Ethereum yellow paper (pdf)</a>, section 4.3.</p> <p dir="auto">It is useful to distinguish between input block properties, which are known before executing the transactions in the block, and output block properties, which are derived after executing the block's transactions. These include various <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#merkle-patricia-trie">Merkle Patricia Trie roots</a> that notably commit to the L2 state and to the log events emitted during execution.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">EOA</h2><a id="user-content-eoa" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: EOA" href="#eoa"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">"Externally Owned Account", an Ethereum term to designate addresses operated by users, as opposed to contract addresses.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Merkle Patricia Trie</h2><a id="user-content-merkle-patricia-trie" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Merkle Patricia Trie" href="#merkle-patricia-trie"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A <a href="https://github.com/norswap/nanoeth/blob/d4c0c89cc774d4225d16970aa44c74114c1cfa63/src/com/norswap/nanoeth/trees/patricia/README.md">Merkle Patricia Trie (MPT)</a> is a sparse trie, which is a tree-like structure that maps keys to values. The root hash of a MPT is a commitment to the contents of the tree, which allows a proof to be constructed for any key-value mapping encoded in the tree. Such a proof is called a Merkle proof, and can be verified against the Merkle root.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Chain Re-Organization</h2><a id="user-content-chain-re-organization" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Chain Re-Organization" href="#chain-re-organization"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A re-organization, or re-org for short, is whenever the head of a blockchain (its last block) changes (as dictated by the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#fork-choice-rule">fork choice rule</a>) to a block that is not a child of the previous head.</p> <p dir="auto">L1 re-orgs can happen because of network conditions or attacks. L2 re-orgs are a consequence of L1 re-orgs, mediated via <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#L2-chain-derivation">L2 chain derivation</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Predeployed Contract ("Predeploy")</h2><a id="user-content-predeployed-contract-predeploy" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Predeployed Contract ("Predeploy")" href="#predeployed-contract-predeploy"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A contract placed in the L2 genesis state (i.e. at the start of the chain).</p> <p dir="auto">All predeploy contracts are specified in the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/predeploys.md">predeploys specification</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Preinstalled Contract ("Preinstall")</h2><a id="user-content-preinstalled-contract-preinstall" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Preinstalled Contract ("Preinstall")" href="#preinstalled-contract-preinstall"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A contract placed in the L2 genesis state (i.e. at the start of the chain). These contracts do not share the same security guarantees as <a href="#predeployed-contract-predeploy">predeploys</a>, but are general use contracts made available to improve the L2's UX.</p> <p dir="auto">All preinstall contracts are specified in the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/preinstalls.md">preinstalls specification</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Precompiled Contract ("Precompile")</h2><a id="user-content-precompiled-contract-precompile" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Precompiled Contract ("Precompile")" href="#precompiled-contract-precompile"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A contract implemented natively in the EVM that performs a specific operation more efficiently than a bytecode (e.g. Solidity) implementation. Precompiles exist at predefined addresses. They are created and modified through network upgrades.</p> <p dir="auto">All precompile contracts are specified in the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/precompiles.md">precompiles specification</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Receipt</h2><a id="user-content-receipt" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Receipt" href="#receipt"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A receipt is an output generated by a transaction, comprising a status code, the amount of gas used, a list of log entries, and a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter" rel="nofollow">bloom filter</a> indexing these entries. Log entries are most notably used to encode <a href="https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/contracts.html?highlight=events#events" rel="nofollow">Solidity events</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">Receipts are not stored in blocks, but blocks store a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#merkle-patricia-trie">Merkle Patricia Trie root</a> for a tree containing the receipt for every transaction in the block.</p> <p dir="auto">Receipts are specified in the <a href="https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf" rel="nofollow">yellow paper (pdf)</a> section 4.3.1.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Transaction Type</h2><a id="user-content-transaction-type" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Transaction Type" href="#transaction-type"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Ethereum provides a mechanism (as described in <a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2718" rel="nofollow">EIP-2718</a>) for defining different transaction types. Different transaction types can contain different payloads, and be handled differently by the protocol.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Fork Choice Rule</h2><a id="user-content-fork-choice-rule" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Fork Choice Rule" href="#fork-choice-rule"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The fork choice rule is the rule used to determine which block is to be considered as the head of a blockchain. On L1, this is determined by the proof of stake rules.</p> <p dir="auto">L2 also has a fork choice rule, although the rules vary depending on whether we want the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#safe-l2-head">safe L2 head</a>, the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#unsafe-l2-head">unsafe L2 head</a> or the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#finalized-l2-head">finalized L2 head</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Priority Gas Auction</h2><a id="user-content-priority-gas-auction" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Priority Gas Auction" href="#priority-gas-auction"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Transactions in ethereum are ordered by the price that the transaction pays to the miner. Priority Gas Auctions (PGAs) occur when multiple parties are competing to be the first transaction in a block. Each party continuously updates the gas price of their transaction. PGAs occur when there is value in submitting a transaction before other parties (like being the first deposit or submitting a deposit before there is not more guaranteed gas remaining). PGAs tend to have negative externalities on the network due to a large amount of transactions being submitted in a very short amount of time.</p> <hr> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Sequencing</h1><a id="user-content-sequencing" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Sequencing" href="#sequencing"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Transactions in the rollup can be included in two ways:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Through a <a href="#deposited-transaction">deposited transaction</a>, enforced by the system</li> <li>Through a regular transaction, embedded in a <a href="#sequencer-batch">sequencer batch</a></li> </ul> <p dir="auto">Submitting transactions for inclusion in a batch saves costs by reducing overhead, and enables the sequencer to pre-confirm the transactions before the L1 confirms the data.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Sequencer</h2><a id="user-content-sequencer" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Sequencer" href="#sequencer"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A sequencer is either a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node">rollup node</a> ran in sequencer mode, or the operator of this rollup node.</p> <p dir="auto">The sequencer is a privileged actor, which receives L2 transactions from L2 users, creates L2 blocks using them, which it then submits to <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#data-availability-provider">data availability provider</a> (via a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#batcher">batcher</a>). It also submits <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-output-root">output roots</a> to L1.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Sequencing Window</h2><a id="user-content-sequencing-window" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Sequencing Window" href="#sequencing-window"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A sequencing window is a range of L1 blocks from which a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencing-epoch">sequencing epoch</a> can be derived.</p> <p dir="auto">A sequencing window whose first L1 block has number <code>N</code> contains <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#batcher-transaction">batcher transactions</a> for epoch <code>N</code>. The window contains blocks <code>[N, N + SWS)</code> where <code>SWS</code> is the sequencer window size.</p> <p dir="auto">The current default <code>sws</code> is 3600 epochs.</p> <p dir="auto">Additionally, the first block in the window defines the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#depositing-transaction">depositing transactions</a> which determine the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposits">deposits</a> to be included in the first L2 block of the epoch.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Sequencing Epoch</h2><a id="user-content-sequencing-epoch" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Sequencing Epoch" href="#sequencing-epoch"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A sequencing epoch is sequential range of L2 blocks derived from a <a href="#sequencing-window">sequencing window</a> of L1 blocks.</p> <p dir="auto">Each epoch is identified by an epoch number, which is equal to the block number of the first L1 block in the sequencing window.</p> <p dir="auto">Epochs can have variable size, subject to some constraints. See the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/derivation.md">L2 chain derivation specification</a> for more details.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">L1 Origin</h2><a id="user-content-l1-origin" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: L1 Origin" href="#l1-origin"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The L1 origin of an L2 block is the L1 block corresponding to its <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencing-epoch">sequencing epoch</a>.</p> <hr> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Deposits</h1><a id="user-content-deposits" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Deposits" href="#deposits"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">In general, a deposit is an L2 transaction derived from an L1 block (by the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-driver">rollup driver</a>).</p> <p dir="auto">While transaction deposits are notably (but not only) used to "deposit" (bridge) ETH and tokens to L2, the word <em>deposit</em> should be understood as "a transaction <em>deposited</em> to L2 from L1".</p> <p dir="auto">This term <em>deposit</em> is somewhat ambiguous as these "transactions" exist at multiple levels. This section disambiguates all deposit-related terms.</p> <p dir="auto">Notably, a <em>deposit</em> can refer to:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>A <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposited-transaction">deposited transaction</a> (on L2) that is part of a deposit block.</li> <li>A <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#depositing-call">depositing call</a> that causes a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposited-transaction">deposited transaction</a> to be derived.</li> <li>The event/log data generated by the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#depositing-call">depositing call</a>, which is what the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-driver">rollup driver</a> reads to derive the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposited-transaction">deposited transaction</a>.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">We sometimes also talk about <em>user deposit</em> which is a similar term that explicitly excludes <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l1-attributes-deposited-transaction">L1 attributes deposited transactions</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">Deposits are specified in the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/deposits.md">deposits specification</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Deposited Transaction</h2><a id="user-content-deposited-transaction" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Deposited Transaction" href="#deposited-transaction"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A <em>deposited transaction</em> is a L2 transaction that was derived from L1 and included in a L2 block.</p> <p dir="auto">There are two kinds of deposited transactions:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l1-attributes-deposited-transaction">L1 attributes deposited transaction</a>, which submits the L1 block's attributes to the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l1-attributes-predeployed-contract">L1 Attributes Predeployed Contract</a>.</li> <li><a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#user-deposited-transaction">User-deposited transactions</a>, which are transactions derived from an L1 call to the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposit-contract">deposit contract</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">L1 Attributes Deposited Transaction</h2><a id="user-content-l1-attributes-deposited-transaction" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: L1 Attributes Deposited Transaction" href="#l1-attributes-deposited-transaction"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">An <em>L1 attributes deposited transaction</em> is <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposited-transaction">deposited transaction</a> that is used to register the L1 block attributes (number, timestamp, ...) on L2 via a call to the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l1-attributes-predeployed-contract">L1 Attributes Predeployed Contract</a>. That contract can then be used to read the attributes of the L1 block corresponding to the current L2 block.</p> <p dir="auto">L1 attributes deposited transactions are specified in the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/deposits.md#l1-attributes-deposited-transaction">L1 Attributes Deposit</a> section of the deposits specification.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">User-Deposited Transaction</h2><a id="user-content-user-deposited-transaction" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: User-Deposited Transaction" href="#user-deposited-transaction"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A <em>user-deposited transaction</em> is a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposited-transaction">deposited transaction</a> which is derived from an L1 call to the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposit-contract">deposit contract</a> (a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#depositing-call">depositing call</a>).</p> <p dir="auto">User-deposited transactions are specified in the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/deposits.md#user-deposited-transactions">Transaction Deposits</a> section of the deposits specification.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Depositing Call</h2><a id="user-content-depositing-call" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Depositing Call" href="#depositing-call"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A <em>depositing call</em> is an L1 call to the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposit-contract">deposit contract</a>, which will be derived to a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#user-deposited-transaction">user-deposited transaction</a> by the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-driver">rollup driver</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">This call specifies all the data (destination, value, calldata, ...) for the deposited transaction.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Depositing Transaction</h2><a id="user-content-depositing-transaction" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Depositing Transaction" href="#depositing-transaction"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A <em>depositing transaction</em> is an L1 transaction that makes one or more <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#depositing-call">depositing calls</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Depositor</h2><a id="user-content-depositor" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Depositor" href="#depositor"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The <em>depositor</em> is the L1 account (contract or <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#EOA">EOA</a>) that makes (is the <code>msg.sender</code> of) the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#depositing-call">depositing call</a>. The <em>depositor</em> is <strong>NOT</strong> the originator of the depositing transaction (i.e. <code>tx.origin</code>).</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Deposited Transaction Type</h2><a id="user-content-deposited-transaction-type" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Deposited Transaction Type" href="#deposited-transaction-type"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The <em>deposited transaction type</em> is an <a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2718" rel="nofollow">EIP-2718</a> <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#transaction-type">transaction type</a>, which specifies the input fields and correct handling of a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposited-transaction">deposited transaction</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">See the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/deposits.md#the-deposited-transaction-type">corresponding section</a> of the deposits spec for more information.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Deposit Contract</h2><a id="user-content-deposit-contract" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Deposit Contract" href="#deposit-contract"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The <em>deposit contract</em> is an <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#layer-1-L1">L1</a> contract to which <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#EOA">EOAs</a> and contracts may send <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposits">deposits</a>. The deposits are emitted as log records (in Solidity, these are called <em>events</em>) for consumption by <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node">rollup nodes</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">Advanced note: the deposits are not stored in calldata because they can be sent by contracts, in which case the calldata is part of the <em>internal</em> execution between contracts, and this intermediate calldata is not captured in one of the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#merkle-patricia-trie">Merkle Patricia Trie roots</a> included in the L1 block.</p> <p dir="auto">cf. <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/deposits.md">Deposits Specification</a></p> <hr> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Withdrawals</h1><a id="user-content-withdrawals" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Withdrawals" href="#withdrawals"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>TODO</strong> expand this whole section to be clearer</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto">In general, a withdrawal is a transaction sent from L2 to L1 that may transfer data and/or value.</p> <p dir="auto">The term <em>withdrawal</em> is somewhat ambiguous as these "transactions" exist at multiple levels. In order to differentiate between the L1 and L2 components of a withdrawal we introduce the following terms:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>A <em>withdrawal initiating transaction</em> refers specifically to a transaction on L2 sent to the Withdrawals predeploy.</li> <li>A <em>withdrawal finalizing transaction</em> refers specifically to an L1 transaction which finalizes and relays the withdrawal.</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Relayer</h2><a id="user-content-relayer" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Relayer" href="#relayer"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">An EOA on L1 which finalizes a withdrawal by submitting the data necessary to verify its inclusion on L2.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Finalization Period</h2><a id="user-content-finalization-period" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Finalization Period" href="#finalization-period"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The finalization period — sometimes also called <em>withdrawal delay</em> — is the minimum amount of time (in seconds) that must elapse before a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#withdrawals">withdrawal</a> can be finalized.</p> <p dir="auto">The finalization period is necessary to afford sufficient time for <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#validator">validators</a> to make a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#fault-proof">fault proof</a>.</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>TODO</strong> specify current value for finalization period</p> </blockquote> <hr> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Batch Submission</h1><a id="user-content-batch-submission" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Batch Submission" href="#batch-submission"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Data Availability</h2><a id="user-content-data-availability" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Data Availability" href="#data-availability"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Data availability is the guarantee that some data will be "available" (i.e. <em>retrievable</em>) during a reasonably long time window. In Optimism's case, the data in question are <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencer-batch">sequencer batches</a> that <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#validator">validators</a> need in order to verify the sequencer's work and validate the L2 chain.</p> <p dir="auto">The <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#finalization-period">finalization period</a> should be taken as the lower bound on the availability window, since that is when data availability is the most crucial, as it is needed to perform a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#fault-proof">fault proof</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">"Availability" <strong>does not</strong> mean guaranteed long-term storage of the data.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Data Availability Provider</h2><a id="user-content-data-availability-provider" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Data Availability Provider" href="#data-availability-provider"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A data availability provider is a service that can be used to make data available. See the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#data-availability">Data Availability</a> for more information on what this means.</p> <p dir="auto">Ideally, a good data availability provider provides strong <em>verifiable</em> guarantees of data availability</p> <p dir="auto">At present, the supported data availability providers include Ethereum call data and blob data.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Sequencer Batch</h2><a id="user-content-sequencer-batch" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Sequencer Batch" href="#sequencer-batch"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A sequencer batch is list of L2 transactions (that were submitted to a sequencer) tagged with an <a href="#sequencing-epoch">epoch number</a> and an L2 block timestamp (which can trivially be converted to a block number, given our block time is constant).</p> <p dir="auto">Sequencer batches are part of the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-derivation-inputs">L2 derivation inputs</a>. Each batch represents the inputs needed to build <strong>one</strong> L2 block (given the existing L2 chain state) — except for the first block of each epoch, which also needs information about deposits (cf. the section on <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-derivation-inputs">L2 derivation inputs</a>).</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Channel</h2><a id="user-content-channel" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Channel" href="#channel"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A channel is a sequence of <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencer-batch">sequencer batches</a> (for sequential blocks) compressed together. The reason to group multiple batches together is simply to obtain a better compression rate, hence reducing data availability costs.</p> <p dir="auto">A channel can be split in <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#channel-frame">frames</a> in order to be transmitted via <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#batcher-transaction">batcher transactions</a>. The reason to split a channel into frames is that a channel might be too large to include in a single batcher transaction.</p> <p dir="auto">A channel is uniquely identified by its timestamp (UNIX time at which the channel was created) and a random value. See the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/derivation.md#frame-format">Frame Format</a> section of the L2 Chain Derivation specification for more information.</p> <p dir="auto">On the side of the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node">rollup node</a> (which is the consumer of channels), a channel is considered to be <em>opened</em> if its final frame (explicitly marked as such) has not been read, or closed otherwise.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Channel Frame</h2><a id="user-content-channel-frame" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Channel Frame" href="#channel-frame"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A channel frame is a chunk of data belonging to a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#channel">channel</a>. <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#batcher-transaction">Batcher transactions</a> carry one or multiple frames. The reason to split a channel into frames is that a channel might too large to include in a single batcher transaction.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Batcher</h2><a id="user-content-batcher" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Batcher" href="#batcher"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A batcher is a software component (independent program) that is responsible to make channels available on a data availability provider. The batcher communicates with the rollup node in order to retrieve the channels. The channels are then made available using <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#batcher-transaction">batcher transactions</a>.</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>TODO</strong> In the future, we might want to make the batcher responsible for constructing the channels, letting it only query the rollup node for L2 block inputs.</p> </blockquote> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Batcher Transaction</h2><a id="user-content-batcher-transaction" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Batcher Transaction" href="#batcher-transaction"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A batcher transaction is a transaction submitted by a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#batcher">batcher</a> to a data availability provider, in order to make channels available. These transactions carry one or more full frames, which may belong to different channels. A channel's frames may be split between multiple batcher transactions.</p> <p dir="auto">When submitted to Ethereum calldata, the batcher transaction's receiver must be the sequencer inbox address. The transaction must also be signed by a recognized batch submitter account. The recognized batch submitter account is stored in the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#system-configuration">System Configuration</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Batch submission frequency</h2><a id="user-content-batch-submission-frequency" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Batch submission frequency" href="#batch-submission-frequency"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Within the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencing-window">sequencing-window</a> constraints the batcher is permitted by the protocol to submit L2 blocks for data-availability at any time. The batcher software allows for dynamic policy configuration by its operator. The rollup enforces safety guarantees and liveness through the sequencing window, if the batcher does not submit data within this allotted time.</p> <p dir="auto">By submitting new L2 data in smaller more frequent steps, there is less delay in confirmation of the L2 block inputs. This allows verifiers to ensure safety of L2 blocks sooner. This also reduces the time to finality of the data on L1, and thus the time to L2 input-finality.</p> <p dir="auto">By submitting new L2 data in larger less frequent steps, there is more time to aggregate more L2 data, and thus reduce fixed overhead of the batch-submission work. This can reduce batch-submission costs, especially for lower throughput chains that do not fill data-transactions (typically 128 KB of calldata, or 800 KB of blobdata) as quickly.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Channel Timeout</h2><a id="user-content-channel-timeout" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Channel Timeout" href="#channel-timeout"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The channel timeout is a duration (in L1 blocks) during which <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#channel-frame">channel frames</a> may land on L1 within <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#batcher-transaction">batcher transactions</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">The acceptable time range for the frames of a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#channel">channel</a> is <code>[channel_id.timestamp, channel_id.timestamp + CHANNEL_TIMEOUT]</code>. The acceptable L1 block range for these frames are any L1 block whose timestamp falls inside this time range. (Note that <code>channel_id.timestamp</code> must be lower than the L1 block timestamp of any L1 block in which frames of the channel are seen, or else these frames are ignored.)</p> <p dir="auto">The purpose of channel timeouts is dual:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Avoid keeping old unclosed channel data around forever (an unclosed channel is a channel whose final frame was not sent).</li> <li>Bound the number of L1 blocks we have to look back in order to decode <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencer-batch">sequencer batches</a> from channels. This is particularly relevant during L1 re-orgs, see the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/derivation.md#resetting-channel-buffering">Resetting Channel Buffering</a> section of the L2 Chain Derivation specification for more information.</li> </ul> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>TODO</strong> specify <code>CHANNEL_TIMEOUT</code></p> </blockquote> <hr> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">L2 Output Root Proposals</h1><a id="user-content-l2-output-root-proposals" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: L2 Output Root Proposals" href="#l2-output-root-proposals"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Proposer</h2><a id="user-content-proposer" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Proposer" href="#proposer"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The proposer's role is to construct and submit output roots, which are commitments to the L2's state, to the L2OutputOracle contract on L1 (the settlement layer). To do this, the proposer periodically queries the rollup node for the latest output root derived from the latest finalized L1 block. It then takes the output root and submits it to the L2OutputOracle contract on the settlement layer (L1).</p> <hr> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">L2 Chain Derivation</h1><a id="user-content-l2-chain-derivation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: L2 Chain Derivation" href="#l2-chain-derivation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">L2 chain derivation is a process that reads <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-derivation-inputs">L2 derivation inputs</a> from L1 in order to derive the L2 chain.</p> <p dir="auto">See the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/derivation.md">L2 chain derivation specification</a> for more details.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">L2 Derivation Inputs</h2><a id="user-content-l2-derivation-inputs" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: L2 Derivation Inputs" href="#l2-derivation-inputs"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This term refers to data that is found in L1 blocks and is read by the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node">rollup node</a> to construct <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#payload-attributes">payload attributes</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">L2 derivation inputs include:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>L1 block attributes <ul dir="auto"> <li>block number</li> <li>timestamp</li> <li>basefee</li> <li>blob base fee</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposits">deposits</a> (as log data)</li> <li><a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencer-batch">sequencer batches</a> (as transaction data)</li> <li><a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#system-configuration">System configuration</a> updates (as log data)</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">System Configuration</h2><a id="user-content-system-configuration" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: System Configuration" href="#system-configuration"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This term refers to the collection of dynamically configurable rollup parameters maintained by the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#system-configuration"><code>SystemConfig</code></a> contract on L1 and read by the L2 <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#L2-chain-derivation">derivation</a> process. These parameters enable keys to be rotated regularly and external cost parameters to be adjusted without the network upgrade overhead of a hardfork.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Payload Attributes</h2><a id="user-content-payload-attributes" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Payload Attributes" href="#payload-attributes"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This term refers to an object that can be derived from <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-derivation-inputs">L2 chain derivation inputs</a> found on L1, which are then passed to the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#execution-engine">execution engine</a> to construct L2 blocks.</p> <p dir="auto">The payload attributes object essentially encodes <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#block">a block without output properties</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">Payload attributes are originally specified in the <a href="https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/shanghai.md#PayloadAttributesV2">Ethereum Engine API specification</a>, which we expand in the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/exec-engine.md">Execution Engine Specification</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">See also the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/rollup-node.md#building-the-payload-attributes">Building The Payload Attributes</a> section of the rollup node specification.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">L2 Genesis Block</h2><a id="user-content-l2-genesis-block" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: L2 Genesis Block" href="#l2-genesis-block"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The L2 genesis block is the first block of the L2 chain in its current version.</p> <p dir="auto">The state of the L2 genesis block comprises:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>State inherited from the previous version of the L2 chain. <ul dir="auto"> <li>This state was possibly modified by "state surgeries". For instance, the migration to Bedrock entailed changes on how native ETH balances were stored in the storage trie.</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#predeployed-contract-predeploy">Predeployed contracts</a></li> </ul> <p dir="auto">The timestamp of the L2 genesis block must be a multiple of the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#block-time">block time</a> (i.e. a even number, since the block time is 2 seconds).</p> <p dir="auto">When updating the rollup protocol to a new version, we may perform a <em>squash fork</em>, a process that entails the creation of a new L2 genesis block. This new L2 genesis block will have block number <code>X + 1</code>, where <code>X</code> is the block number of the final L2 block before the update.</p> <p dir="auto">A squash fork is not to be confused with a <em>re-genesis</em>, a similar process that we employed in the past, which also resets L2 block numbers, such that the new L2 genesis block has number 0. We will not employ re-genesis in the future.</p> <p dir="auto">Squash forks are superior to re-geneses because they avoid duplicating L2 block numbers, which breaks a lot of external tools.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">L2 Chain Inception</h2><a id="user-content-l2-chain-inception" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: L2 Chain Inception" href="#l2-chain-inception"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The L1 block number at which the output roots for the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-genesis-block">genesis block</a> were proposed on the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-output-oracle-contract">output oracle</a> contract.</p> <p dir="auto">In the current implementation, this is the L1 block number at which the output oracle contract was deployed or upgraded.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Safe L2 Block</h2><a id="user-content-safe-l2-block" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Safe L2 Block" href="#safe-l2-block"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A safe L2 block is an L2 block that can be derived entirely from L1 by a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node">rollup node</a>. This can vary between different nodes, based on their view of the L1 chain.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Safe L2 Head</h2><a id="user-content-safe-l2-head" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Safe L2 Head" href="#safe-l2-head"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The safe L2 head is the highest <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#safe-l2-block">safe L2 block</a> that a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node">rollup node</a> knows about.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Unsafe L2 Block</h2><a id="user-content-unsafe-l2-block" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Unsafe L2 Block" href="#unsafe-l2-block"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">An unsafe L2 block is an L2 block that a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node">rollup node</a> knows about, but which was not derived from the L1 chain. In sequencer mode, this will be a block sequenced by the sequencer itself. In validator mode, this will be a block acquired from the sequencer via <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#unsafe-sync">unsafe sync</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Unsafe L2 Head</h2><a id="user-content-unsafe-l2-head" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Unsafe L2 Head" href="#unsafe-l2-head"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The unsafe L2 head is the highest <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#unsafe-l2-block">unsafe L2 block</a> that a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node">rollup node</a> knows about.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Unsafe Block Consolidation</h2><a id="user-content-unsafe-block-consolidation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Unsafe Block Consolidation" href="#unsafe-block-consolidation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Unsafe block consolidation is the process through which the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node">rollup node</a> attempts to move the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#safe-l2-head">safe L2 head</a> a block forward, so that the oldest <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#unsafe-l2-block">unsafe L2 block</a> becomes the new safe L2 head.</p> <p dir="auto">In order to perform consolidation, the node verifies that the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#payload-attributes">payload attributes</a> derived from the L1 chain match the oldest unsafe L2 block exactly.</p> <p dir="auto">See the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/derivation.md#engine-queue">Engine Queue section</a> of the L2 chain derivation spec for more information.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Finalized L2 Head</h2><a id="user-content-finalized-l2-head" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Finalized L2 Head" href="#finalized-l2-head"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The finalized L2 head is the highest L2 block that can be derived from <em><a href="https://hackmd.io/@prysmaticlabs/finality" rel="nofollow">finalized</a></em> L1 blocks — i.e. L1 blocks older than two L1 epochs (64 L1 <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#time-slot">time slots</a>).</p> <hr> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Other L2 Chain Concepts</h1><a id="user-content-other-l2-chain-concepts" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Other L2 Chain Concepts" href="#other-l2-chain-concepts"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Address Aliasing</h2><a id="user-content-address-aliasing" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Address Aliasing" href="#address-aliasing"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">When a contract submits a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#deposits">deposit</a> from L1 to L2, its address (as returned by <code>ORIGIN</code> and <code>CALLER</code>) will be aliased with a modified representation of the address of a contract.</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>cf. <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/deposits.md#address-aliasing">Deposit Specification</a></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Rollup Node</h2><a id="user-content-rollup-node" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Rollup Node" href="#rollup-node"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The rollup node is responsible for <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#L2-chain-derivation">deriving the L2 chain</a> from the L1 chain (L1 <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#block">blocks</a> and their associated <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#receipt">receipts</a>).</p> <p dir="auto">The rollup node can run either in <em>validator</em> or <em>sequencer</em> mode.</p> <p dir="auto">In sequencer mode, the rollup node receives L2 transactions from users, which it uses to create L2 blocks. These are then submitted to a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#data-availability-provider">data availability provider</a> via <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#batch-submission">batch submission</a>. The L2 chain derivation then acts as a sanity check and a way to detect L1 chain <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#chain-re-organization">re-orgs</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">In validator mode, the rollup node performs derivation as indicated above, but is also able to "run ahead" of the L1 chain by getting blocks directly from the sequencer, in which case derivation serves to validate the sequencer's behavior.</p> <p dir="auto">A rollup node running in validator mode is sometimes called <em>a replica</em>.</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>TODO</strong> expand this to include output root submission</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto">See the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/rollup-node.md">rollup node specification</a> for more information.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Rollup Driver</h2><a id="user-content-rollup-driver" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Rollup Driver" href="#rollup-driver"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The rollup driver is the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node">rollup node</a> component responsible for <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#L2-chain-derivation">deriving the L2 chain</a> from the L1 chain (L1 <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#block">blocks</a> and their associated <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#receipt">receipts</a>).</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>TODO</strong> delete this entry, alongside its reference — can be replaced by "derivation process" or "derivation logic" where needed</p> </blockquote> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">L1 Attributes Predeployed Contract</h2><a id="user-content-l1-attributes-predeployed-contract" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: L1 Attributes Predeployed Contract" href="#l1-attributes-predeployed-contract"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#predeployed-contract-predeploy">predeployed contract</a> on L2 that can be used to retrieve the L1 block attributes of L1 blocks with a given block number or a given block hash.</p> <p dir="auto">cf. <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/deposits.md#l1-attributes-predeployed-contract">L1 Attributes Predeployed Contract Specification</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">L2 Output Root</h2><a id="user-content-l2-output-root" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: L2 Output Root" href="#l2-output-root"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A 32 byte value which serves as a commitment to the current state of the L2 chain.</p> <p dir="auto">cf. <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/proposals.md#l2-output-root-proposals-specification">Proposing L2 output commitments</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">L2 Output Oracle Contract</h2><a id="user-content-l2-output-oracle-contract" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: L2 Output Oracle Contract" href="#l2-output-oracle-contract"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">An L1 contract to which <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-output-root">L2 output roots</a> are posted by the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencer">sequencer</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Validator</h2><a id="user-content-validator" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Validator" href="#validator"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A validator is an entity (individual or organization) that runs a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node">rollup node</a> in validator mode.</p> <p dir="auto">Doing so grants a lot of benefits similar to running an Ethereum node, such as the ability to simulate L2 transactions locally, without rate limiting.</p> <p dir="auto">It also lets the validator verify the work of the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencer">sequencer</a>, by re-deriving <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-output-root">output roots</a> and comparing them against those submitted by the sequencer. In case of a mismatch, the validator can perform a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#fault-proof">fault proof</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Fault Proof</h2><a id="user-content-fault-proof" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Fault Proof" href="#fault-proof"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">An on-chain <em>interactive</em> proof, performed by <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#validator">validators</a>, that demonstrates that a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencer">sequencer</a> provided erroneous <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-output-root">output roots</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">cf. <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/fault-proof/index.md">Fault Proofs</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Time Slot</h2><a id="user-content-time-slot" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Time Slot" href="#time-slot"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">On L2, there is a block every 2 second (this duration is known as the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#block-time">block time</a>).</p> <p dir="auto">We say that there is a "time slot" every multiple of 2s after the timestamp of the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#l2-genesis-block">L2 genesis block</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">On L1, post-<a href="https://ethereum.org/en/eth2/merge/" rel="nofollow">merge</a>, the time slots are every 12s. However, an L1 block may not be produced for every time slot, in case of even benign consensus issues.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Block Time</h2><a id="user-content-block-time" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Block Time" href="#block-time"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The L2 block time is 2 second, meaning there is an L2 block at every 2s <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#time-slot">time slot</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">Post-<a href="https://ethereum.org/en/eth2/merge/" rel="nofollow">merge</a>, it could be said that the L1 block time is 12s as that is the L1 <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#time-slot">time slot</a>. However, in reality the block time is variable as some time slots might be skipped.</p> <p dir="auto">Pre-merge, the L1 block time is variable, though it is on average 13s.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Unsafe Sync</h2><a id="user-content-unsafe-sync" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Unsafe Sync" href="#unsafe-sync"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Unsafe sync is the process through which a <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#validator">validator</a> learns about <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#unsafe-l2-block">unsafe L2 blocks</a> from the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#sequencer">sequencer</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">These unsafe blocks will later need to be confirmed by the L1 chain (via <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#unsafe-block-consolidation">unsafe block consolidation</a>).</p> <hr> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Execution Engine Concepts</h1><a id="user-content-execution-engine-concepts" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Execution Engine Concepts" href="#execution-engine-concepts"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Execution Engine</h2><a id="user-content-execution-engine" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Execution Engine" href="#execution-engine"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The execution engine is responsible for executing transactions in blocks and computing the resulting state roots, receipts roots and block hash.</p> <p dir="auto">Both L1 (post-<a href="https://ethereum.org/en/eth2/merge/" rel="nofollow">merge</a>) and L2 have an execution engine.</p> <p dir="auto">On L1, the executed blocks can come from L1 block synchronization; or from a block freshly minted by the execution engine (using transactions from the L1 <a href="https://www.quicknode.com/guides/defi/how-to-access-ethereum-mempool" rel="nofollow">mempool</a>), at the request of the L1 consensus layer.</p> <p dir="auto">On L2, the executed blocks are freshly minted by the execution engine at the request of the <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#rollup-node">rollup node</a>, using transactions <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/glossary.md#L2-chain-derivation">derived from L1 blocks</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">In these specifications, "execution engine" always refer to the L2 execution engine, unless otherwise specified.</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>cf. <a href="/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/cc81bffbdfe753bdeb7ea550768dbbfaffd5a82d/specs/protocol/exec-engine.md">Execution Engine Specification</a></li> </ul> </article></div><button 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