CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.britishmuseum.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8ea04acbde5c405c',cH: 'kmAv0MzgD5nBIwlo7f6Af4H.WBRZftjEEXe5IpBsjOo-1732859132-1.2.1.1-eIYMc6lJFnwfoqTnhdZTkqDvPkCxKmIiwrgvHIY_8uDloJjtp6V6lsxXq3HWAQpX',cUPMDTk: "\/collection\/term\/BIOG57139?__cf_chl_tk=YwuwoLbbqWK1Z0E4zgYKLnDzMjsesm5zGtivKohB2kI-1732859132-1.0.1.1-Ao77PE.4Dlt17Keg2IMrwbH0vn6I05wf2OPSt_QuX9w",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732859132',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/collection\/term\/BIOG57139?__cf_chl_f_tk=YwuwoLbbqWK1Z0E4zgYKLnDzMjsesm5zGtivKohB2kI-1732859132-1.0.1.1-Ao77PE.4Dlt17Keg2IMrwbH0vn6I05wf2OPSt_QuX9w",md: "yyHpRGO0wvdzzOK3jWOB2v600FynfC96ZL._ENF_Zdk-1732859132-1.2.1.1-PneT34BMowaGJz25Ie.F9fQX0LhnAN3_raHQ234_f.GArdfKHEYA_yYFEmsQgU3oHRkCRUo3GImEurWB9jaOTlvhbcjtyWtHLnsuHpoLnl0OU_IK7zzl3C8FtbrlEiZkiPs_8NrikKoZy_BPxJAhMl6dywU3wPhcV5mB1z0_0CkkZXGy382.0gCtxVI2g3ecoeieoNk72.Tj7P5P4EKiQ56RfPCj2v2.iEkV.CHi6ebjQNumQUwoyrIgHuVrkLDIFtfz9L36wx20VLcUOPD4d7LF2wU_lycb4BQ6GymJJTTF8_uSo_EblKhu8bsIyOQMrampBaF3Alxs2MBetBEkL3Xp_3Zr4Hb8I_fjDZuI_jUx0paHQdTAcG2XxWPRP1Er0MQEVMGd0qG0srW675d6qLKPE5t6H6KMOtS6aXTkPjONSyu95Ki7i4uI8dsOiL3RyDn0StU0ATr8f_2bSsdf0HZqyNnshCPKsTM4qGnihPJPhDP4cfnLIXzGihMkwDBTxF.CG3tfaUZay3p14Ae7hhbdfTrDpqrsJoslEkgEihhnXO_TQO0cwmMFC38.Era2tCGdj2lV8c1eawETEUPQWwBsl83wANsJnWgxO9ltXJ6SvJ16tIOPQd4RensGV.o7VEH7hrbx4JvnHsPntig7dkO1Z3V9pVlMk9qC1nG1hLRWuePj647v_T.vsgs9BX4beoAnLlkobITVVCiHNR0ezw4lmXPKwdQ_M2CAOrtSBiZjqVuIHAJaNZNsLNkMiD1ZqHVsoOmAVLQ7PcAlvT6QY31bHwQAVYNO1vx6Pl_ACMZFMqHkIgba.uGoGDOm6PXWSESBLHa9uiSbhPEtUZDf9i3C_dEf7cwfuyyuNFb0YvQZFievdcRi23DqpkvZ1kYL3Pcbt3CCeUb._HWGbG4TBnsBuXVgP8L4JKgFN7xAVFuPBAgV9QOOgODRlCvadsYAE52e_FP_1LkzPakl53Oj2k_5u6zyRA3pJJmdPGgRVoAvwZ5x73BrRIuV.WTeuV2ihn62A8I.H.6ACNSQAm224Johs8xQhLyFkAmXC8dOukx5e5G_JIrisIBd6gsQypV3hu29Dwu4KQcdnt6PFzPVcjB9.YRE5qHqCq0EdC6eGadyNyhbpasrvyFa_KSf69yYUeQvtp8ctSituZSkvpEDo9oeFRa1xWSlqH7HXPmAiV8u3TaQppK5ZZqEwV92zmXDtEyWXWArHZ.PJrn9AqUE7xZBiwD52saa1gQGNFJDG.TvLFifZDTNPPWnJAYpcld3xvtbEESSh_uJ8oXuxLg0SURYBZNhKHfAmEobw9AocQG92aGi4Qniq5dWtoUzbbqnuLNOqPbuU7xCL1dHwbMg0OPXJeymMVh11eieTy0UQYDg_hPDKEAfbQt2ppVD9Zu70vVctocxLFht4MqGBwemOY5_Zy2XCaroWD31svpE.2jqAypWTsbDUcMQ454cqKt2FxkImkB5SENFYJeFvX8NAICmUi7IN00H8ZneHnx4pr_wWk60wD9yC6POntcENH_uQQuxv_nXOYrE.v5SeVK8M1UCRMRNpbXWSc8tk.qFqIeC5ZAtYwRXVFe7U7DIYxMjx_heX5XsQB93k5N8nQWaPZeb6bZJbY78KdITojXHWFKTshr6u_gK5WupuWY7707PX050QIRQj00RpLc_0G2jItjhJGTvezYHyBFv6FyDC9Ytw5ajY8.dPtVrc5uATVy6jlsIBvo11BJFr8j1TDPfM.stdZ.vMuZZaGpHkMF6Xt2HC_iCZ17dI11k.cKkSO5Dof6q.PpfVSuXWjwBX1qlvWN53KHrcg.YktANm_HjR4tYLHcVbUWyAe_Z2c_orBe2hSs4gLj0JFDyzupff0PrXOgelD2CslGJ9aBn1VI5ZjV25RhvOGfgrlZk4X84pc8Ydj6IikRdaalI._5Y5yhOw7nLu0cSTkLUMirfk6hP1FNDMiCKYtEDy1wirN3KaypOSAX8X0KOlqiMHd_dL7Z7x.XZuKnhkTqJh1AbsCRAnQYvUrfpZE2i5jF.sVflqcek5VVf6TwSJipVeKGzAP3RAcLmqC1p8CwX_BM1mD.04pPwuc0d6BQ0Fv2m.NgjpaSV0vWKbXmZVC.9NiMP9DvrYtEyj6zGFtD8rgMxn2LfjuA6ofkt0mUHsbXUQpwy8t44aSH.vws.I5PGvaF9Ao4_EwGJ06G_ir45Ke_OLaV_83Yy0.m778QmeKrildlk9ITYh5HSwx6KLIAKqMfs1SW7BRI1ZYe9RVt5yImufadwHHDzZi0_l00IMODTRtVoHtvxGN6dOi9vIfKb3Uv_6EPlhwlO5atPd9jmacLKUvJH6r2y6zjqK1FBSth1foROqtaH.F6DVEoE5dicxwNE1ViNMxmIdEm8ZgjG6ZvMw0KCh5aiMIPuC.vX1qr0FcF4wL0A5Wmha5nXBaX_cYtU0CX1XgFPY1oRFjKER2St5XFAaqs4CTQ58W2MzbjSy23T2h2fVvmHc126Dw3zZPnIEO7eg.myK3SRrddJaibQ3Y.NMXDfpmEv.rHezbEwp6ws2GISX96_eC4pqK9yQh8Mze0YOXQDj4wn5sZPudAKhznSaQYVlWXeeCeGqEXV6oDxJSOLhxrT0blhKtSUuJmO_nuiiLycPCA42raIYrpT7Ck3QItOT1JMxSlO.U30B_m.Kv45uqivYMYmH4PPmAnu4a59yvLWy1zKqtpv.MrlR.VkAJph3_vqwfV3J5gbhiJOR3s4mxvJ2.hRM0zAnS12Y3mQ_TrvxbQDluGNi0FWL278h1Sk2esuxcgR3p3WeKhmMgO8ye54_xZEEnld6etp1JRxH3fEM_Yo0YrqG7o2iTlRnOs67kjuW5BPUAaIrRAuTzCDQhvb8MQJbv06kqaTqhV.gSBpcmw3j0Cen8N2klhAccm4fmzqMFnruiHYfdLDjf8JIdgY0QdX3_Qohff5bdD0Jg",mdrd: "EibbClbo5kDDZ.HyCdg8Ptno.bIg0Tww2XVDS_8pWsc-1732859132-1.2.1.1-mLz47HjjXmSXz6P2BdXvQLjdkg7brLlV80zuBMW5tK3gQvNx4gOf3nA6XNGYWsPPyQh_YzQ6Frtr2QN.Bzf2g0xduwSMss6rHcjeAN1ZEJ8fi7xoHJ9P7jbcYzkXhjEV_7fBReW6ABK79Br9eOfQcWW2feoOjIJDvEZ14ffA_XXHKwedfv5rjwnfQyswE0RTukJz1F7MLp.auyz2HVFkkxZaBKXkWkvYhMmtSqJr33No.iDciLIsr38ljDrE6HsPE_Csn4AXUCCrRb8fO3j3qNMzehbmIM6aXeHHr2uQEDcYJOi9eqUj4.VEsq7PtyofAC1xgfbm0fjmvNfZLOYDBkPSgkWvyAzBB7O2hRbuGQU35cq4BVTLiKf5bLMs0S6JyBPrPyzfmiN0xxM2ReTqfcSFPxxwZM3.DlmLrAFhg36XKb3qHTN9gmiciFOidHQlsXTReK2DNSqltbm6WHORcupcKeApm8dY_fkBjkAnkCJ_Z5s6LgjZifV1cYonMTdlwJNcKQPPDCb1w58pUAfrydgzED7HSH.eRPyfK7KR11kw2J_9Mujwt7tK5aQTDyQuKHxlddhs79bg9CDtKYx.CK3T_UfjCxPckL4YrzeLvBhMgpVhU0iKtKS8xisZPwuqYJ67qpdjrZyKHi7XNst5zuCPhksWQvr4DOytBotd_H9idBU44zG1YLGuQA0vHRXQOGgpeB30FYDXTXQnHX0KfLqwolJS0tgbWSHLJT0K9OwvBw.aLEMlRAHjfXKFQz5LoOo.iD9iE8vA9svRsvX962oHqabSUBFneEup4BqXGwhdq0PunZi5S39FTRL8gmxV6wSxUJnOIII.u2z1tNfANN6D23IjA6PgV_U0RuUeoRxTLW2xdKnfDubtOohjFAZtrTYGTmcbAvzSXwTNbdo8us4ffW9X753zwfFu_Zdoh7aVIVFjxLY7aVPwYBUZO.tSQ_BLLz8g_FrhG1lHLmCl8qdfQZr7bb7TQIBgya9qYOfUrDUmIiD3IZGZY5gVKjKqejyK4_VVbG1VBqOtYCc1H6_0FJrK1MkT0Q4O__3FkzVqfElWWABI1lYa6v36fkHjY6BY48uV8JvvEFZ.nYoONYpD99.hUGI7UYY6sF7bWRnmkmIwVC8.PnQTIMONQaxaLUDg.dLU6Q7sS17IZcXG1fOVWoMf52sEuRgQo.jpvAV58HL0KJCnjYHv4N0LFfXBpFEkxbrdGX6Jx.Ir79sRxhkFFzHOjLMN5OnUYbxmf4c4nnZFpGou3XHVvdRGLbHv62bS28I.uGgXDzI_DF2YvKaK2n89KmQWucq84voXsSrtNYRbXK0dABfdQdiUxpzNpEcCYIyZAprec.OMVrbHj5xCnoYDccs1.35ieOT4rDwyARuHMPUriCNA9_qOd1epvVVxniTvWDWw7YpAbshoPFHHEqhBU4cHdGPB6AJh5w8861Tnvs3suEMl3bsV55pVyIgpe65HnVraWsSOBNm1IB_xYzHHOIuhcYDwmxwHschMRKoabK0yi58z6yz0Y6Z1pYyqSCVqR_XCOlfG6LpZN5oFXW7vT0FXWMPHjTSYDXNDSbsIAPNTCaYeCYcxxrw7DbBS1QLOvxJStTNpfRqyW0SEoGNbRquNDf460Bv102SllO5G5EoAtP8eYzUt_HyXmddQ13ujHPw7_lMPtVXv_7tKW7jRP37YDT8LePTjJN5Bo.O9RNJbA_4HmDWOQITqbGSgIMXTshQJ9cusgDipyZ4XEDmNktc6Gen2C7_URcwWi3qD.A5D_JFnlmKBbsNbcKyWjFOEePzE6xZjwmmUBZF9T84ayiqXlGeKuSFNT2ljPumjdM.IicKb6hxW6q9eAIBKkE4nqL0TBO1uVhWQK8pvRr4ZEo_cAN_GCM5n9gEgfaXspgquDjYGq3IoOxkUSteUxqLwxdEjHJC4PR3qlucIgs7fulOpbIpUV.0EJJcxE7X0icigti3slS9Omb6y_.f8J7iphYrXip0qJ35YcQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8ea04acbde5c405c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/collection\/term\/BIOG57139?__cf_chl_rt_tk=YwuwoLbbqWK1Z0E4zgYKLnDzMjsesm5zGtivKohB2kI-1732859132-1.0.1.1-Ao77PE.4Dlt17Keg2IMrwbH0vn6I05wf2OPSt_QuX9w" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>