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meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Kimiawan" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Kimiawan" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Kimiawan" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah_kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah_kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah kimia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah_kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pendidikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendidikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pendidikan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pendidikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pekerjaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pekerjaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pekerjaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pekerjaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisasi_profesi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisasi_profesi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Organisasi profesi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisasi_profesi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penghargaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penghargaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Penghargaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penghargaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kimiawan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 58 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="كيميائي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيميائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%89" title="كيميائى – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كيميائى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmicu" title="Químicu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Químicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimya%C3%A7%C4%B1" title="Kimyaçı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kimyaçı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Хімік – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хімік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6" title="রসায়নবিদ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রসায়নবিদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemi%C4%8Dar" title="Hemičar – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hemičar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmic" title="Químic – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Químic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کیمیازان – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کیمیازان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemik" title="Chemik – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chemik" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemegydd" title="Cemegydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cemegydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemiker" title="Kemiker – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kemiker" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemiker" title="Chemiker – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chemiker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Χημικός – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χημικός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chemist" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemiisto" title="Kemiisto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kemiisto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmico" title="Químico – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Químico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemik" title="Keemik – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keemik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimikari" title="Kimikari – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kimikari" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شیمی‌دان – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیمی‌دان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimiste" title="Chimiste – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chimiste" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceimiceoir" title="Ceimiceoir – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ceimiceoir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceimigear" title="Ceimigear – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ceimigear" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa-ho%CC%8Dk-k%C3%A2" title="Fa-ho̍k-kâ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fa-ho̍k-kâ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%99" title="כימאי – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כימאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="रसायनशास्त्र वैज्ञानिक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रसायनशास्त्र वैज्ञानिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegy%C3%A9sz" title="Vegyész – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vegyész" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Քիմիկոս – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քիմիկոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimico" title="Chimico – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Chimico" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimico" title="Chimico – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chimico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85" title="化学者 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="化学者" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Химик – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химик" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90" title="화학자 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화학자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemicus" title="Chemicus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chemicus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%BB" title="രസതന്ത്രശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രസതന്ത്രശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E" title="रसायनशास्त्रज्ञ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रसायनशास्त्रज्ञ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဓာတုဗေဒပညာရှင် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဓာတုဗေဒပညာရှင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjemiker" title="Kjemiker – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjemiker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quimista" title="Quimista – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quimista" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmico" title="Químico – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Químico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimist" title="Chimist – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chimist" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Химик – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Химик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Химик – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Химик" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Chemist" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chemist" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хемичар – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хемичар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemist" title="Kemist – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kemist" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="வேதியியலாளர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வேதியியலாளர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="นักเคมี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นักเคมี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyager" title="Kimyager – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kimyager" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Хімік – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хімік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کیمیادان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیمیادان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyogar" title="Kimyogar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kimyogar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Nhà hóa học – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà hóa học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimiko" title="Kimiko – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kimiko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="כעמיקער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כעמיקער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="化学家 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="化学家" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="化學家 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="化學家" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q593644#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kimiawan"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Kimiawan" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Kimiawan" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&oldid=26430893" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Kimiawan&id=26430893&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKimiawan"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKimiawan"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kimiawan"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kimiawan&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chemists" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q593644" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Metsu,_Gabri%C3%ABl_-_L%27Apothicaire_-_c._1651-1667.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Metsu%2C_Gabri%C3%ABl_-_L%27Apothicaire_-_c._1651-1667.jpg/250px-Metsu%2C_Gabri%C3%ABl_-_L%27Apothicaire_-_c._1651-1667.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Metsu%2C_Gabri%C3%ABl_-_L%27Apothicaire_-_c._1651-1667.jpg/375px-Metsu%2C_Gabri%C3%ABl_-_L%27Apothicaire_-_c._1651-1667.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Metsu%2C_Gabri%C3%ABl_-_L%27Apothicaire_-_c._1651-1667.jpg/500px-Metsu%2C_Gabri%C3%ABl_-_L%27Apothicaire_-_c._1651-1667.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption><i>Apoteker</i> atau <i>Kimiawan</i> oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabri%C3%ABl_Metsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriël Metsu (halaman belum tersedia)">Gabriël Metsu</a> (c. 1651–67)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kimiawan</b> adalah <a href="/wiki/Ilmuwan" title="Ilmuwan">ilmuwan</a> yang mendalami ilmu <a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">kimia</a>. Kimiawan mempelajari komposisi materi dan sifat-sifatnya. Kimiawan menjelaskan dengan hati-hati sifat-sifat yang mereka pelajari dalam hal kuantitas, dengan rincian hingga tingkat <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekul</a> dan komponennya (<a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a>). Kimiawan mengukur dengan saksama proporsi materi, laju <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_kimia" title="Reaksi kimia">reaksi</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Sifat_kimia" title="Sifat kimia">sifat kimia</a> lainnya. Istilah 'kimiawan' juga digunakan untuk merujuk kepada <a href="/wiki/Apoteker" title="Apoteker">Apoteker</a> di Negara Persemakmuran. </p><p>Kimiawan menggunakan pengetahuan ini untuk mempelajari komposisi, dan sifat-sifat bahan yang tidak lazim, juga memproduksi dan mensintesis bahan-bahan alami dalam jumlah besar serta membuat bahan buatan dan proses baru. Kimiawan mungkin memiliki spesialisasi dalam sejumlah <a href="/wiki/Kimia#subdisiplin" title="Kimia">subdisiplin kimia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_bahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu bahan">Ahli ilmu bahan</a> dan metalurgis berbagi banyak pendidikan dan keterampilan dengan kimiawan. Pekerjaan kimiawan sering kali berhubungan dengan pekerjaan <a href="/wiki/Teknik_kimia" title="Teknik kimia">teknik kimia</a>, yang umumnya berhubungan dengan rancang bangun, konstruksi dan evaluasi biaya efektif dari <a href="/wiki/Pabrik_kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pabrik kimia">pabrik kimia</a> berskala besar, serta berhubungan erat dengan kimiawan industri pada pengembangan proses dan metode baru untuk pabrikasi bahan kimia dan produk terkait untuk skala komersial. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah_kimia">Sejarah kimia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah kimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah kimia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_kimia" title="Sejarah kimia">Sejarah kimia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg/220px-Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg/330px-Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg/440px-Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Kimiawan Rusia <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a> - penulis <a href="/wiki/Tabel_Periodik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabel Periodik">Tabel Periodik</a> modern pertama</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:David_-_Portrait_of_Monsieur_Lavoisier_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/David_-_Portrait_of_Monsieur_Lavoisier_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-David_-_Portrait_of_Monsieur_Lavoisier_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/David_-_Portrait_of_Monsieur_Lavoisier_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-David_-_Portrait_of_Monsieur_Lavoisier_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/David_-_Portrait_of_Monsieur_Lavoisier_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-David_-_Portrait_of_Monsieur_Lavoisier_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="1266" /></a><figcaption>Antoine Lavoisier (1743–94) dianggap sebagai "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_yang_dikenal_sebagai_bapak_atau_ibu_sesuatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang yang dikenal sebagai bapak atau ibu sesuatu (halaman belum tersedia)">Bapak Kimia Modern</a>".</figcaption></figure> <p>Akar dari kimia dapat ditelusuri dari fenomena <a href="/wiki/Pembakaran" class="mw-disambig" title="Pembakaran">pembakaran</a>. <a href="/wiki/Api" title="Api">Api</a> di masa lalu adalah kekuatan mistis yang dapat mengubah suatu bahan menjadi bahan lain dan oleh karenanya menjadi daya tarik utama umat manusia. Adalah api yang memicu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penemuan_(pengamatan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penemuan (pengamatan) (halaman belum tersedia)">penemuan</a> <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kaca" title="Kaca">kaca</a>. Setelah <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a> ditemukan dan menjadi logam berharga, banyak orang tertarik untuk mencari metode yang dapat mengubah bahan lain menjadi emas. Ini berujung pada <a href="/wiki/Protosains" title="Protosains">protosains</a> yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia">alkimia</a>. Istilah <i>kimiawan</i> diturunkan dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a>: <span lang="la"><i>chimista</i></span>, kependekan dari <i>alchimista</i> (<a href="/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia">alkemis</a>). Alkemis mengungkap banyak <a href="/wiki/Proses_kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Proses kimia">proses kimia</a> yang berujung pada pengembangan kimia modern. Kimia seperti yang dikenal saat ini, diciptakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> dengan hukumnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konservasi_massa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konservasi massa (halaman belum tersedia)">konservasi massa</a> pada tahun 1783. <a href="/wiki/Penemuan_unsur_kimia" title="Penemuan unsur kimia">Penemuan unsur-unsur kimia</a> memiliki sejarah panjang dengan puncaknya pada penciptaan <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Kimia">Hadiah Nobel di bidang Kimia</a> dibuat tahun 1901 memberikan tanggapan luar biasa pada penemuan kimia sejak awal abad ke-20. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pendidikan">Pendidikan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Pendidikan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pendidikan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pekerjaan untuk kimiawan biasanya memerlukan sekurang-kurangnya <a href="/wiki/Gelar_sarjana" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelar sarjana">gelar sarjana</a>, tetapi banyak posisi, terutama di bidang penelitian, memerlukan seorang bergelar <a href="/wiki/Doktor" title="Doktor">Doktor</a>. Sebagian besar program sarjana menekankan <a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">matematika</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">fisika</a> selain kimia, karena kimia juga dikenal sebagai "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_ilmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat ilmu (halaman belum tersedia)">pusat ilmu</a>", sehingga kimiawan dituntut mempunyai pengetahuan secara menyeluruh tentang ilmu. Pada tingkat <a href="/wiki/Gelar_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelar Master">Magister</a> dan lebih tinggi, siswa cenderung mengalami spesialisasi pada bidang tertentu. Bidang spesialisasi antara lain <a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">biokimia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_nuklir" title="Kimia nuklir">kimia nuklir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">kimia organik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_anorganik" title="Kimia anorganik">kimia anorganik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_polimer" title="Kimia polimer">kimia polimer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_analitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia analitik">kimia analitik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_teori" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia teori">kimia teori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_kuantum" title="Kimia kuantum">kimia kuantum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_lingkungan" title="Kimia lingkungan">kimia lingkungan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Termokimia" title="Termokimia">termokimia</a>. Pengalaman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Postdoktoral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postdoktoral (halaman belum tersedia)">postdoktoral</a> mungkin diperlukan untuk posisi-posisi tertentu. </p><p>Pekerja yang bekerja dengan melibatkan kimia, tetapi dengan kompleksitas di bawah sarjana kimia, biasanya disebut sebagai <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknisi_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknisi kimia (halaman belum tersedia)">teknisi kimia</a></i>. Teknisi semacam ini umumnya mengerjakan tugas yang lebih sederhana seperti analisis berulang untuk <a href="/wiki/Pengendalian_mutu" title="Pengendalian mutu">pengendalian mutu</a> atau dalam <a href="/wiki/Laboratorium_klinik" title="Laboratorium klinik">laboratorium klinik</a>. Para teknisi kimia ini di Indonesia disebut sebagai <a href="/wiki/Ahli_Madya" title="Ahli Madya">Ahli Madya</a> (D3). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pekerjaan">Pekerjaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Pekerjaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pekerjaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tiga besar perusahaan yang mempekerjakan kimiawan adalah institusi akademis, industri, terutama <a href="/wiki/Industri_kimia" title="Industri kimia">industri kimia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Industri_farmasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Industri farmasi">industri farmasi</a>, serta laboratorium pemerintah. </p><p>Kimia biasanya dibagi menjadi beberapa sub-disiplin utama. Ada juga beberapa bidang lintas disiplin dan lebih khusus. Ada banyak tumpang tindih antara berbagai cabang ilmu kimia, serta dengan bidang ilmu lain seperti biologi, kedokteran, fisika, <a href="/wiki/Radiologi" title="Radiologi">radiologi</a>, dan beberapa disiplin ilmu teknik. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_analitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia analitik">Kimia analitik</a> adalah analisis sampel bahan untuk memperoleh pemahaman tentang <a href="/wiki/Komposisi_kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Komposisi kimia">komposisi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Struktur" title="Struktur">struktur</a> kimia. Kimia analitik melibatkan metode eksperimen standar dalam kimia. Metode ini dapat digunakan dalam semua subdisiplin kimia, termasuk kimia teori.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a> adalah studi tentang <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_kimia" title="Senyawa kimia">kimia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_kimia" title="Reaksi kimia">reaksi kimia</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaksi_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interaksi kimia (halaman belum tersedia)">interaksi kimia</a> yang terjadi dalam <a href="/wiki/Organisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisme">organisme</a> hidup. Biokimia dan kimia organik berhubungan erat, misalnya, dalam <a href="/wiki/Kimia_medisinal" title="Kimia medisinal">kimia medisinal</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Laura_Miller_at_ANL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Laura_Miller_at_ANL.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="190" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="190" /></a><figcaption>Seorang kimiawan menyiapkan <a href="/wiki/Sel_bahan_bakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel bahan bakar">sel bahan bakar</a> baru untuk pengujian.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Julie_Perkins_at_LLNL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Julie_Perkins_at_LLNL.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="223" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="223" /></a><figcaption>Seorang kimiawan menuang dari <a href="/wiki/Labu_alas_bulat" title="Labu alas bulat">labu alas bulat</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_anorganik" title="Kimia anorganik">Kimia anorganik</a> adalah studi tentang sifat dan reaksi senyawa anorganik. Perbedaan antara disiplin organik dan anorganik tidak mutlak dan ada banyak tumpang tindih, terutama pada sub-disiplin <a href="/wiki/Kimia_organologam" title="Kimia organologam">kimia organologam</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kimia_anorganik" title="Kimia anorganik">Kimia anorganik</a> juga merupakan studi tentang struktur atom dan molekul beserta ikatannya.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_medisinal" title="Kimia medisinal">Kimia medisinal</a> adalah ilmu yang terlibat dengan merancang, mensintesis dan mengembangkan obat-obatan farmasi. Kimia medisinal melibatkan identifikasi, sintesis dan pengembangan entitas kimia baru yang cocok untuk digunakan pada terapi. Bidang ini juga mencakup studi tentang obat-obat yang sudah ada, sifat biologisnya, dan hubungan struktur-aktivitas kuantitatif mereka.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">Kimia organik</a> adalah studi tentang struktur, sifat, komposisi, mekanisme, dan reaksi kimia senyawa karbon.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_fisik" title="Kimia fisik">Kimia fisik</a> adalah studi tentang dasar fundamental fisika dari sistem dan proses kimia. Secara khusus, energetika dan dinamika sistem dan proses tersebut menarik bagi ahli kimia fisik. Daerah penting dari studi meliputi termodinamika kimia, kinetika kimia, elektrokimia, kimia kuantum, mekanika statistik, dan spektroskopi. Kimia fisik memiliki banyak tumpang tindih dengan kimia teoretis dan fisika molekular. Kimia fisik melibatkan penggunaan kalkulus untuk menurunkan persamaan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_teori" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia teori">Kimia teori</a> adalah studi kimia melalui penjabaran teori (biasanya dalam <a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">matematika</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">fisika</a>). Khusus penerapan <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">mekanika kuantum</a> untuk kimia disebut <a href="/wiki/Kimia_kuantum" title="Kimia kuantum">kimia kuantum</a>. Sejak akhir Perang Dunia Kedua, perkembangan komputer telah memungkinkan pengembangan sistematis <a href="/wiki/Kimia_komputasi" title="Kimia komputasi">kimia komputasi</a>, yang merupakan seni mengembangkan dan menerapkan <a href="/wiki/Program_komputer" title="Program komputer">program komputer</a> untuk memecahkan masalah kimia. Kimia teori memiliki banyak tumpang tindih dengan <a href="/wiki/Fisika_materi_terkondensasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisika materi terkondensasi">fisika materi terkondensasi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Fisika_molekul" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisika molekul">fisika molekul</a>. Lihat <a href="/wiki/Reduksionisme" title="Reduksionisme">reduksionisme</a>.</li></ul> <p>Semua bidang utama kimia di atas mempekerjakan kimiawan. Bidang lain di mana sarjana kimia dapat berperan mencakup <a href="/wiki/Astrokimia" title="Astrokimia">astrokimia</a> (dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_kosmos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia kosmos (halaman belum tersedia)">kimia kosmos</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kimia_atmosfer" title="Kimia atmosfer">kimia atmosfer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teknik_kimia" title="Teknik kimia">teknik kimia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemo-informatika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemo-informatika (halaman belum tersedia)">kemo-informatika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektrokimia" title="Elektrokimia">elektrokimia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_lingkungan" title="Ilmu lingkungan">ilmu lingkungan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_forensik" title="Ilmu forensik">ilmu forensik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geokimia" title="Geokimia">geokimia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_hijau" title="Kimia hijau">kimia hijau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_kimia" title="Sejarah kimia">sejarah kimia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_bahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu bahan">ilmu bahan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_kedokteran" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu kedokteran">ilmu kedokteran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekuler" title="Biologi molekuler">biologi molekuler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genetika_molekuler" title="Genetika molekuler">genetika molekuler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanoteknologi" title="Nanoteknologi">nanoteknologi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_nuklir" title="Kimia nuklir">kimia nuklir</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oenologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oenologi (halaman belum tersedia)">oenologi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_organologam" title="Kimia organologam">kimia organologam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrokimia" title="Petrokimia">petrokimia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farmakologi" title="Farmakologi">farmakologi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fotokimia" title="Fotokimia">fotokimia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fitokimia" title="Fitokimia">fitokimia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_polimer" title="Kimia polimer">kimia polimer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_supramolekul" title="Kimia supramolekul">kimia supramolekul</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kimia_permukaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia permukaan">kimia permukaan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisasi_profesi">Organisasi profesi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Organisasi profesi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Organisasi profesi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kimiawan mungkin menjadi anggota <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_profesional" title="Organisasi profesional">masyarakat profesional</a> yang mengkhususkan diri dalam anggota kimia, seperti <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a> di <a href="/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris">Inggris</a> atau <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a> (ACS) di <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Himpunan_Kimia_Indonesia" title="Himpunan Kimia Indonesia">Himpunan Kimia Indonesia</a> (HKI) di <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penghargaan">Penghargaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Penghargaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penghargaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penghargaan tertinggi kepada kimiawan adalah <a href="/wiki/Penghargaan_Nobel_dalam_Kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Penghargaan Nobel dalam Kimia">penghargaan nobel dalam bidang kimia</a> yang diberkan sejak tahun 1901 oleh <a href="/wiki/Akademi_Ilmu_Pengetahuan_Kerajaan_Swedia" title="Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Kerajaan Swedia">Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Kerajaan Swedia</a>. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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aria-labelledby="Penerima_Penghargaan_Nobel_Kimia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output 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4em"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_penerima_Nobel_Kimia" title="Daftar penerima Nobel Kimia">Penerima</a> <a href="/wiki/Penghargaan_Nobel_Kimia" title="Penghargaan Nobel Kimia">Penghargaan Nobel Kimia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" class="mw-redirect" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" class="mw-disambig" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Paul Sabatier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1917</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1919</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" class="mw-redirect" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1933</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" class="mw-redirect" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" class="mw-redirect" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" class="mw-redirect" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" class="mw-redirect" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(ilmuwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Robinson (ilmuwan)">Robert Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" class="mw-redirect" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Synge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" class="mw-redirect" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" class="mw-redirect" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" class="mw-redirect" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" class="mw-redirect" title="William Howard Stein">William Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" class="mw-redirect" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" class="mw-redirect" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(kimiawan)" title="Michael Smith (kimiawan)">Michael Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" class="mw-redirect" title="George Andrew Olah">George Olah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" title="Mario J. Molina">Mario J. Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" class="mw-redirect" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">F. Sherwood Rowland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" class="mw-redirect" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–sekarang</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" class="mw-redirect" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryoji Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/John_Fenn" title="John Fenn">John B. Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Roger Y. Tsien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada E. Yonath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki_(kimiawan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akira Suzuki (kimiawan)">Akira Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">William E. Moerner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich" title="Paul L. Modrich">Paul L. Modrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Richard Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(kimiawan)" title="George Smith (kimiawan)">George Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" class="mw-redirect" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_R._Bertozzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolyn R. Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morten_P._Meldal" title="Morten P. Meldal">Morten P. Meldal</a> / <a href="/wiki/K._Barry_Sharpless" class="mw-redirect" title="K. Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" class="mw-redirect" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi Bawendi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis E. Brus">Louis E. Brus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Ekimov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexey Ekimov">Alexey Ekimov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker" title="David Baker">David Baker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John M. Jumper</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apoteker" title="Apoteker">Apoteker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_topik_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar topik kimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar topik kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_kimiawan" title="Daftar kimiawan">Daftar kimiawan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_publikasi_penting_bidang_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar publikasi penting bidang kimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar publikasi penting bidang kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_jurnal_ilmiah_bidang_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar jurnal ilmiah bidang kimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar jurnal ilmiah bidang kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_senyawa_kimia" title="Daftar senyawa kimia">Daftar senyawa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Organisasi_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Organisasi kimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar organisasi kimia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiawan&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemistry.org/">American Chemical Society</a> website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cas.org/">Chemical Abstracts Service</a> indexes and abstracts the world's chemistry-related literature and patents</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos049.htm">Chemists and Materials Scientists</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060116082156/http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos049.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-01-16 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. from the U.S. Department of Labor's <i>Occupational Outlook Handbook</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/">Royal Society of Chemistry</a> website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liv.ac.uk/Chemistry/Links/refhistory.html">History of Chemistry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070219232705/http://www.liv.ac.uk/Chemistry/Links/refhistory.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2007-02-19 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. links for chemists</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/journals/luminaries/">Luminaries of the Chemical Sciences</a> accomplishments, biography, and publications from 44 of the most influential chemists</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/papers.html">Selected Classic Papers from the History of Chemistry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemistryguide.org">Links for Chemists</a> guide to web sites related to chemistry</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemistryviews.org">ChemistryViews.org</a> website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kimiawan.org">website Himpunan Kimia Indonesia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593644#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593644#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593644#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11981493p">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11981493p">(data)</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12423480v">2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12423480v">(data)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85023033">Amerika Serikat</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh88000055">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564436">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph119134&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph216714&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/2779714115">Microsoft Academic</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" 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