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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>起源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-起源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-詞源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#詞源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>詞源</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-詞源-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关詞源子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-詞源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-英文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>英文</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-漢字文化圈" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#漢字文化圈"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>漢字文化圈</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-漢字文化圈-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-社会个概念" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社会个概念"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>社会个概念</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-社会个概念-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关社会个概念子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-社会个概念-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-人类学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人类学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>人类学</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人类学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-社会学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社会学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>社会学</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-社会学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-社会个特征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社会个特征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>社会个特征</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-社会个特征-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关社会个特征子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-社会个特征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-社會關係" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社會關係"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>社會關係</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-社會關係-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-社会制度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社会制度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>社会制度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-社会制度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-別樣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#別樣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>別樣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-別樣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">社會</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。166种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-166" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">166種閒話</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeenskap" title="Gemeenskap – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gemeenskap" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschaft_(Soziologie)" title="Gesellschaft (Soziologie) – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gesellschaft (Soziologie)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%85%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%88%B0%E1%89%A5" title="ኅብረተሰብ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኅብረተሰብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedat" title="Sociedat – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sociedat" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9" title="مجتمع – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجتمع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%A2%DC%AB%DC%90" title="ܟܢܫܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܢܫܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="সমাজ – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সমাজ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socied%C3%A1" title="Sociedá – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sociedá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%99miyy%C9%99t" title="Cəmiyyət – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cəmiyyət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B9%D9%87" title="جامیعه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جامیعه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%99%D0%BC%D2%93%D0%B8%D3%99%D1%82" title="Йәмғиәт – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йәмғиәт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%97suomen%C4%97" title="Vėsuomenė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vėsuomenė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosyedad" title="Sosyedad – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sosyedad" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Грамадства – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грамадства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Грамадзтва – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грамадзтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masarakat" title="Masarakat – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Masarakat" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Общество – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Общество" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="समाज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="समाज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masarakat" title="Masarakat – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Masarakat" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="সমাজ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সমাজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevredigezh" title="Kevredigezh – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kevredigezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Društvo – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Društvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyarakat" title="Masyarakat – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Masyarakat" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Ниигэм – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ниигэм" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societat" title="Societat – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Societat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A2-hu%C3%B4i" title="Siâ-huôi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Siâ-huôi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Йукъаралла – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Йукъаралла" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katilingban" title="Katilingban – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Katilingban" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%AF%DB%95" title="کۆمەڵگە – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆمەڵگە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spole%C4%8Dnost" title="Společnost – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Společnost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85" title="Пĕрлĕх – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пĕрлĕх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymdeithas" title="Cymdeithas – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cymdeithas" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samfund" title="Samfund – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Samfund" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschaft_(Soziologie)" title="Gesellschaft (Soziologie) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gesellschaft (Soziologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Κοινωνία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοινωνία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society" title="Society – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Society" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socio" title="Socio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Socio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedad" title="Sociedad – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sociedad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Chiskond" title="Ühiskond – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ühiskond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gizarte" title="Gizarte – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gizarte" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socied%C3%A1" title="Sociedá – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sociedá" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87" title="جامعه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جامعه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhteiskunta" title="Yhteiskunta – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhteiskunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ctiskund" title="Ütiskund – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ütiskund" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veivukei" title="Veivukei – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Veivukei" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(sciences_sociales)" title="Société (sciences sociales) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Société (sciences sociales)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A8t%C3%A2t" title="Sociètât – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Sociètât" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selskap" title="Selskap – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Selskap" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maatskippij" title="Maatskippij – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Maatskippij" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socha%C3%AD" title="Sochaí – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sochaí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosy%C3%A9t%C3%A9_(syans_sosyal)" title="Sosyété (syans sosyal) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Sosyété (syans sosyal)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedade" title="Sociedade – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sociedade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C5%A9joa" title="Irũjoa – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Irũjoa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C" title="સમાજ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સમાજ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BA%B9do" title="Lẹdo – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Lẹdo" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa-fi" title="Sa-fi – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sa-fi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulikanaka" title="Hulikanaka – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Hulikanaka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)" title="חברה (סוציולוגיה) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חברה (סוציולוגיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="समाज – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="समाज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaj" title="Samaj – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Samaj" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Društvo – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Društvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosyete" title="Sosyete – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sosyete" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1rsadalom" title="Társadalom – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Társadalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հասարակություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հասարակություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societate" title="Societate – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Societate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyarakat" title="Masyarakat – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Masyarakat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%AEgb%C3%A0" title="Ȯgbà – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ȯgbà" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagimongan" title="Kagimongan – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kagimongan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Юкъарле – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Юкъарле" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socio" title="Socio – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Socio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0f%C3%A9lag" title="Þjóðfélag – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þjóðfélag" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societ%C3%A0_(sociologia)" title="Società (sociologia) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Società (sociologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="社会 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="社会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasayati" title="Sasayati – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Sasayati" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/remce%27u" title="remce'u – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="remce'u" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebrayan" title="Bebrayan – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bebrayan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="საზოგადოება – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საზოგადოება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Қоғам – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қоғам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98" title="សង្គម – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សង្គម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C" title="ಸಮಾಜ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಮಾಜ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C" title="사회 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Джамагъат – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джамагъат" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8E%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="سَماج – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سَماج" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civak" title="Civak – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Civak" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kowethas" title="Kowethas – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kowethas" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Коом – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Коом" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societas_humana" title="Societas humana – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Societas humana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9AI%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82I%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="КIватIал – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="КIватIал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosia" title="Sosia – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sosia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maotsjappie" title="Maotsjappie – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Maotsjappie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soziet%C3%A0" title="Sozietà – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Sozietà" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societ%C3%A0" title="Società – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Società" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1" title="ສັງຄົມ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສັງຄົມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visuomen%C4%97" title="Visuomenė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Visuomenė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabiedr%C4%ABba" title="Sabiedrība – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sabiedrība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiarahamonina" title="Fiarahamonina – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiarahamonina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мер – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мер" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Општество – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Општество" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="സമൂഹം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സമൂഹം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Нийгэм – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нийгэм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B6%E1%80%99%E1%81%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA" title="ဂကောံမၞိဟ် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဂကောံမၞိဟ်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyarakat" title="Masyarakat – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Masyarakat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociadade" title="Sociadade – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sociadade" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ломаютко – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ломаютко" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sellschop" title="Sellschop – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Sellschop" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="समाज – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="समाज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maatschappij_(sociale_wetenschappen)" title="Maatschappij (sociale wetenschappen) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maatschappij (sociale wetenschappen)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samfunn" title="Samfunn – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Samfunn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samfunn" title="Samfunn – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Samfunn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societat" title="Societat – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Societat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhteiskundu" title="Yhteiskundu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Yhteiskundu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਸਮਾਜ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਮਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedad" title="Sociedad – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Sociedad" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spo%C5%82ecze%C5%84stwo" title="Społeczeństwo – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Społeczeństwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societ%C3%A0" title="Società – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Società" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="سماج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سماج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87" title="ټولنه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټولنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedade" title="Sociedade – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sociedade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waki" title="Waki – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Waki" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societate_(sociologie)" title="Societate (sociologie) – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Societate (sociologie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Общество – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Общество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Сполоченство – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Сполоченство" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Дьон-сэргэ – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дьон-сэргэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B6%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucitati" title="Sucitati – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sucitati" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society" title="Society – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Society" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="سماج – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سماج" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servodat" title="Servodat – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Servodat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Društvo – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Društvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamtti" title="Tamtti – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tamtti" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BA" title="සමාජය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සමාජය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society" title="Society – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Society" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spolo%C4%8Dnos%C5%A5_(sociol%C3%B3gia)" title="Spoločnosť (sociológia) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Spoločnosť (sociológia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dru%C5%BEba" title="Družba – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Družba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chita" title="Chita – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chita" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoq%C3%ABria" title="Shoqëria – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shoqëria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Друштво – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Друштво" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samh%C3%A4lle_(sociologi)" title="Samhälle (sociologi) – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Samhälle (sociologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii" title="Jamii – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jamii" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சமூகம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சமூகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%96%E1%A5%A8%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%9D%E1%A5%A8%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%90%E1%A5%A8%E1%A5%A2%E1%A5%B0" title="ᥖᥨᥒᥱ ᥝᥨᥒᥰ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥖᥨᥒᥱ ᥝᥨᥒᥰ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82" title="సమాజం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సమాజం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8A%D0%B0" title="Ҷомеъа – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷомеъа" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="สังคม – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สังคม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipunan" title="Lipunan – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lipunan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C9%99mj%C9%99t" title="Čəmjət – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Čəmjət" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toplum" title="Toplum – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Toplum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhlangano_wa_vanhu" title="Nhlangano wa vanhu – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Nhlangano wa vanhu" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Җәмгыять – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җәмгыять" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ниитилел – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Ниитилел" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Суспільство – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суспільство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="سماج – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سماج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamiyat" title="Jamiyat – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jamiyat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soset%C3%A0" title="Sosetà – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sosetà" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kund" title="Kund – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kund" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i" title="Xã hội – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xã hội" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katiringban" title="Katiringban – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Katiringban" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intlalo" title="Intlalo – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Intlalo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90" title="ჯარალუა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯარალუა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98_(%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2)" title="געזעלשאפט (סאציאלאגיע) – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געזעלשאפט (סאציאלאגיע)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%C3%B9j%E1%BB%8D" title="Àwùjọ – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwùjọ" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevei" title="Sevei – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sevei" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="社会 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="社会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E7%BE%A4" title="民群 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="民群" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C4%81-h%C5%8De" title="Siā-hōe – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siā-hōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="社會 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="社會" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8425#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名字空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="望内容页[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="有关内容页面个讨论（页面弗存在）[t]" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&printable=yes" title="箇页个打印版[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印版</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 别个项目里向 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Society" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8425" title="链接到有关数据存储库项[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">囥起來</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自维基百科，自由个百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（从<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="社会">社会</a>转戳到箇里）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="wuu" dir="ltr"><p><b>社會</b>隻詞咾嘸沒忒正式明確个定義，一般是指由自我繁殖个<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E9%AB%94" title="個體">個體</a>構建而成个<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="群體">群體</a>，占据一定个<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" class="mw-redirect" title="空間">空間</a>，具有其獨特个<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%A8%E4%BF%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="風俗（页面弗存在）">風俗</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%92%E6%85%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="習慣（页面弗存在）">習慣</a>。由於社會通常畀認爲是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="人類">人類</a>所組成个，所以社會搭人類社會一般具有相同个含意。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="科學">科學</a>研究搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%B9%BB%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科幻小說（页面弗存在）">科幻小說</a>咾啥裏向咾，有辰光貤可作“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外星人（页面弗存在）">外星人</a>社會”。狹義个社會，也叫“社群”，可以衹指群體人類<b>活動</b>搭<b>聚居</b>个範圍，比方講：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A1" title="乡">鄉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%91" title="村">村</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="鎮">鎮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="城市">城市</a>、聚居點咾啥；廣義个社會嚜可以指一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="國家">國家</a>、一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%B2" title="洲">大範圍地區</a>或一個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文化圈（页面弗存在）">文化圈</a>，譬如<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國社會</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東方（页面弗存在）">東方社會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">東南亞</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="西方">西方世界</a>，儕可作爲社會个廣義解釋，也可以引申爲佢拉个<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%92%E4%BF%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="習俗（页面弗存在）">習俗</a>。以人類社會爲研究對象个學科謳佢<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="社会学">社會學</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="起源"><span id=".E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90"></span>起源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：起源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人类从一万年前就已经学会<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="群体">群体</a>生活，并渐渐形成<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E9%83%A8%E8%90%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原始部落（页面弗存在）">原始部落</a>；在昰個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E9%83%A8%E8%90%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原始部落（页面弗存在）">原始部落</a>裏向，佢拉因为周遭个<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" title="环境">环境</a>所影响，会得<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%81%E5%B1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迁居（页面弗存在）">迁居</a>或是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9A%E5%B1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="定居（页面弗存在）">定居</a>，并慢慢培养生活方式<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A0%E6%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="习惯（页面弗存在）">习惯</a>，而演变成独特个<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a></b>。当昰個文化变得比邻近个部落较为先进或强大，并互相影响，便形成了<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文化圈（页面弗存在）">文化圈</a></b>。当昰個族体变得壮大或人数众多个辰光，佢拉就会在一個地方<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9A%E5%B1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="定居（页面弗存在）">定居</a></b>并擔一個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%9A%E5%B1%85%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聚居点（页面弗存在）">聚居点</a>建立起来，变成<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="文明">文明</a>社会</b>搭<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="城市文明（页面弗存在）">城市文明</a></b>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="詞源"><span id=".E8.A9.9E.E6.BA.90"></span>詞源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：詞源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英文"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E6.96.87"></span>英文</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：英文"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>英文中<b><span lang="en">Society</span></b>源自拉丁文<b><span lang="la">societas</span></b>，拉丁文是协会、结社、联盟之意。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="漢字文化圈"><span id=".E6.BC.A2.E5.AD.97.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.E5.9C.88"></span>漢字文化圈</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：漢字文化圈"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>漢字文化圈裏向个「<b>社會</b>」嚜，在古代是指旧时迎神集会、节日举行个集会，如唐<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%B3%E6%A3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柳棠（页面弗存在）">柳棠</a>《答楊尚書》詩：「未向燕臺逢厚禮，幸因社會接餘歡。」、宋<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%9F%E5%85%83%E8%80%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孟元老（页面弗存在）">孟元老</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%AC%E6%A2%A6%E5%8D%8E%E5%BD%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东京梦华录（页面弗存在）">东京梦华录</a>·秋社》：「八月秋社……市学先生预敛诸生钱作社会。」；還有志趣者结合而成个团体，如《金瓶梅词话》第三八回：「观境内所属州郡，各立社会，行结糶俵糴之法。」<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E6%B3%BD%E8%B0%95%E5%90%89" title="福泽谕吉">福澤諭吉</a>在1876年（明治9年）个《<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%95%8F%E3%81%AE%E3%81%99%E3%82%9D%E3%82%81" class="extiw" title="ja:学問のすゝめ">学問のすゝめ</a>》第17編用作society个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%8C%E8%A3%BD%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="和製漢語（页面弗存在）">半和製漢語</a>翻譯。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A5%E5%A4%8D" title="严复">嚴復</a>認爲此日本翻譯弗妥，擔<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="社会学">社會學</a>翻成功「群學」。<sup id="cite_ref-清末嚴復譯語與和製漢語个競賽_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-清末嚴復譯語與和製漢語个競賽-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="社会个概念"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A.E4.B8.AA.E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5"></span>社会个概念</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：社会个概念"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人类学"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E7.B1.BB.E5.AD.A6"></span>人类学</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：人类学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人类社会常莊畀按照其首要生产方式来分类。社会学家据此也分有个社会有：<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E%E9%87%87%E9%9B%86" title="狩猎采集">狩猎采集社会</a>，游牧个畜牧社会，园艺种植或低级农业社会，以及高级农业社会（也畀称为<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="文明">文明</a>）。有人认为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="产业">工业</a>搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%8C%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="後工業社會（页面弗存在）">后工业</a>社会本质上弗同於传统农业社会。 </p><p>现代<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="人类学">人类学家</a>搭社会科学家强烈反对昰种文明发展个严格阶段个分类方法。事实丄，更加多个人类学研究数据证明复杂性（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="文明">文明</a>、人口增长和密度、专门化咾啥）并弗总是采取分等级或者分阶层个组织形式。 </p><p>另外，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文化相對論（页面弗存在）">文化相對論</a>作爲普及个途徑／倫理已經廣泛代替脫關於文明个原始概念，「較好／較差，或者發展過程」（包括物質文明、科技和社會組織）。 </p><p>人類學家莫里斯·古德利爾認爲，與人類个生物近親（其他<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E9%95%BF%E7%9B%AE" title="灵长目">靈長目</a>動物）相比，人類社會个一個關鍵性个弗同之處垃拉雄性默認个父親角色。在人類近親伊面，雄性个父權並弗是一定个。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="社会学"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A.E5.AD.A6"></span>社会学</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：社会学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會學家（页面弗存在）">社會學家</a>格哈德·倫斯基根據科技、信息交流搭經濟幾個方面擔社會分類爲：（1）狩獵搭採集社會；（2）低級農業社會；（3）高級農業社會；（4）工業社會，以及（5）特殊社會（譬如，漁業社會搭海洋社會）。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>昰種分類與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人類學家（页面弗存在）">人類學家</a>莫頓•弗里德搭綜合理論家埃爾曼·塞維斯个早期分類相似。塞維斯又根據社會弗平等个變革搭國家制度个地位，創建了人類文明通用个社會分類系统。昰個分類系統分爲以下幾隻類別： </p> <ul><li>捕猎采集者个组合，通常人人平等；</li> <li>部落或种族形式，有一定地位权力个高低分别；</li> <li>有首领个分级形式；</li> <li>文明社会，拥有弗同级别个政府机关搭制度，复杂个组织搭级别；</li></ul> <p>此外还有： </p> <ul><li>人性社会，建立在人类本身之上个社会，包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="信仰">信仰</a>。</li> <li>虛擬社會，一種在信息時代發展起來个基於網絡身份个社會。</li></ul> <p>隨著辰光个推移，一些<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="文明">文明</a>朝著更爲复杂个組成形式發展。昰種<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會演化（页面弗存在）">文明个發展變革</a>對團體个模式有著深遠个影響。捕猎搭採集爲主个<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E8%90%BD" title="部落">部落</a>定居下來成爲<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="新石器革命">農耕村鎮</a>，而鄉村鎮又會逐漸發展爲<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="城市">城市</a>，城市最终成爲<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6" title="城邦">城邦</a>，或者<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="國家">國家</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Effland1998_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Effland1998-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="社会个特征"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A.E4.B8.AA.E7.89.B9.E5.BE.81"></span>社会个特征</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：社会个特征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>通用个三個社会组成成分: </p> <ul><li>社會關係</li> <li>社會制度</li> <li>社會環境</li></ul> <p>每一项将会在以下个部分详细介绍。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="社會關係"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E6.9C.83.E9.97.9C.E4.BF.82"></span>社會關係</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：社會關係"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會關係（页面弗存在）">社會關係</a>是人類在生活或工作環境中所體現个關係，因亲近程度、联系频率、关系种类（亲戚、朋友、同事）决定了弗同个社交關係，佢因具人性化。親戚關係特別是有直接或共同血緣關係融洽搭關愛个表現程度對社會人性化體現个影響邪氣重要。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="社会制度"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A.E5.88.B6.E5.BA.A6"></span>社会制度</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：社会制度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人類在弗斷互動搭衡突个演變過程中建立个一整套應映社會發展、進步个社會制度。 </p> <ol><li>領導人物搭管理者个領導能力在附加對社會个服務性搭責任感个條件下个良姓發現進而得以更真實个實現。</li> <li>去等級、去種族化：社會各階級之間个鬥爭及種族對立使社會矛盾衡突化，嚴重情形下以致阻礙社會个發展、進步。社會各個弗同領域搭弗同工作性質个尊重搭公平性个合理體現使衡突嚴重个可能性變小，貤可體現矛盾存在个有利價值既而成爲社會發展个動力。</li> <li>建立完善个法制體係使人權搭民主个體現更具其實際性。</li> <li>社會資源个公平享有及社會福利制度个完善。</li> <li>提供良好个生活搭工作環境。使社會和諧个發展與進步。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="別樣"><span id=".E5.88.A5.E6.A8.A3"></span>別樣</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：別樣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span 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href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="Reference-Briggs-2000,_2nd_Edition">Briggs, Asa（2000, 2nd Edition）．The Age of Improvement．Longman，9．<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-582-36959-2" title="Special:网络书源/0-582-36959-2">ISBN 0-582-36959-2</a>．</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Improvement&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=Asa&rft.pub=Longman&rft.pages=9&rft.isbn=0-582-36959-2"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zdic.net/c/e/10d/290962.htm">词语“社会”个解释汉典 zdic.net</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-清末嚴復譯語與和製漢語个競賽-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-清末嚴復譯語與和製漢語个競賽_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">黃克武：〈新名詞之戰：清末嚴復譯語與和製漢語个競賽〉，《中央研究院近代史研究所集刊》，第62期，2008年12月</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Godelier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Godelier（页面弗存在）">Maurice Godelier</a>, Métamorphoses de la parenté, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newleftreview.org/?view=2592">New Left Review - Jack Goody: The Labyrinth of Kinship</a>. 访问日脚2007-07-24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lenski, G. 1974. <i>Human Societies: An Introduction to Macrosociology.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Effland1998-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Effland1998_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Effland (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130113161634/http://web.mesacc.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/glues/model_complex.html">The Cultural Evolution of Civilizations</a>. Mesa Community College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mesacc.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/glues/model_complex.html">原始文档</a>勒2013-01-13存档. 访问日脚2013-07-04.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/68px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/90px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption> </figcaption></figure> <div style="margin-left: 60px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>里向寻得着搭该篇文章搭界个多媒体资源： <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Society" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Society">社會</a></b></div> </div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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