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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English ornithologist, amateur astronomer, journalist and writer</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Thomas Alfred Coward</div><br /><div class="honorific-suffix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MSc</a> <a href="/wiki/Zoological_Society_of_London" title="Zoological Society of London">FZS</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Entomological_Society_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Entomological Society of London">FRES</a> <a href="/wiki/British_Ornithologists%27_Union" title="British Ornithologists' Union">MBOU</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Coward_1867-1933.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fa/Thomas_Coward_1867-1933.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="307" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="112" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1867-01-08</span>)</span>8 January 1867<br /><a href="/wiki/Bowdon,_Greater_Manchester" title="Bowdon, Greater Manchester">Bowdon</a> <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">29 January 1933<span style="display:none">(1933-01-29)</span> (aged 66)<br />Lower Bowdon, Cheshire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Company manager</li> <li>Museum keeper</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Owens College (now <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester University">Manchester University</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Late C19-</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Natural history</li> <li>Ornithology</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><i>The Birds of the British Isles and Their Eggs</i></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22The_Migration_of_Birds%22,_by_T.A._Coward_(front_cover,_1912).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%22The_Migration_of_Birds%22%2C_by_T.A._Coward_%28front_cover%2C_1912%29.png/170px-%22The_Migration_of_Birds%22%2C_by_T.A._Coward_%28front_cover%2C_1912%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%22The_Migration_of_Birds%22%2C_by_T.A._Coward_%28front_cover%2C_1912%29.png/255px-%22The_Migration_of_Birds%22%2C_by_T.A._Coward_%28front_cover%2C_1912%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%22The_Migration_of_Birds%22%2C_by_T.A._Coward_%28front_cover%2C_1912%29.png/340px-%22The_Migration_of_Birds%22%2C_by_T.A._Coward_%28front_cover%2C_1912%29.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="967" /></a><figcaption>Cover of <i>The Migration of Birds</i>. Aside from the coat-of-arms and lettering, the design is that used by the earliest known Cambridge printer, <a href="/wiki/John_Siberch" title="John Siberch">John Siberch</a>, in 1521.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Thomas Alfred Coward</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Zoological_Society_of_London" title="Zoological Society of London">FZS</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Entomological_Society_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Entomological Society of London">FRES</a> <a href="/wiki/British_Ornithologists%27_Union" title="British Ornithologists' Union">MBOU</a></span> (8 January 1867 – 29 January 1933), was an <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Ornithology" title="Ornithology">ornithologist</a> and an amateur <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a>. He wrote extensively on <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">natural history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Local_history" title="Local history">local history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Coward&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born at 8 Higher Downs, <a href="/wiki/Bowdon,_Greater_Manchester" title="Bowdon, Greater Manchester">Bowdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a>) on 8 January 1867, the fourth and last child of Thomas and Sarah Coward. His father was a <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregational</a> minister and in business as a partner in the firm of Melland and Coward, textile bleachers.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coward's siblings were Charles, Alice and Annie. </p><p>After an education at Brooklands School, <a href="/wiki/Sale,_Greater_Manchester" title="Sale, Greater Manchester">Sale</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Owens_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Owens College">Owens College</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester University">Manchester University</a>), Coward worked in the family business for 19 years, before it was taken over by the Bleachers' Association. His share of the proceeds from the sale of Melland and Coward was sufficient to allow him to retire from business and concentrate on his love of wildlife and the study of birds, which had developed as a child.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Obit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began writing articles on natural history for newspapers including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Liverpool_Daily_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Liverpool Daily Post">The Liverpool Daily Post</a></i>, <i>The Chester Cournant</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Manchester Guardian</a></i> for which he wrote the "<a href="/wiki/Country_Diary" title="Country Diary">Country Diary</a>" column until his death. General interest magazines for which he wrote included <i><a href="/wiki/The_Field_(magazine)" title="The Field (magazine)">The Field</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Country_Life_(magazine)" title="Country Life (magazine)">Country Life</a></i> and in specialist journals such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Zoologist" title="The Zoologist">The Zoologist</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_Zoological_Society_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London">Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/British_Birds_(magazine)" title="British Birds (magazine)">British Birds</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His first book was <i>The Birds of Cheshire</i>, published in 1900, when he was living in Hale. His three-volume <i>The Birds of the British Isles and their eggs</i> (1920–25) was illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Thorburn" title="Archibald Thorburn">Archibald Thorburn</a> and was "acknowledged as being the book that did more to popularise the study of birds than any other publication produced during the first part of the twentieth century".<sup id="cite_ref-Usher_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Usher-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was revised by <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Boyd" title="Arnold Boyd">Arnold Boyd</a> for a new edition in 1950. </p><p>He co-wrote articles and books on ornithology with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Oldham_(naturalist)" title="Charles Oldham (naturalist)">Charles Oldham</a>, a former schoolmate.<sup id="cite_ref-Ibis84-3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ibis84-3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He married his cousin Mary Milne in 1904. There is a <a href="/wiki/Blue_Plaque" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Plaque">Blue Plaque</a> at his former home, Brentwood Villa, 6 Grange Road, Bowdon,<sup id="cite_ref-OP_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OP-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to which he moved in 1911. </p><p>On his death, the 14-acre (57,000 m<sup>2</sup>) <a href="/wiki/Cotterill_Clough_Nature_Reserve" title="Cotterill Clough Nature Reserve">Cotterill Clough Nature Reserve</a> was bought, by public subscription, in his honour.<sup id="cite_ref-NWN-1934-03_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWN-1934-03-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His field notes are archived in the Department of Zoology at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jizz">Jizz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Coward&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Jizz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coward is credited with the first use in print of the term "<a href="/wiki/Jizz_(birding)" title="Jizz (birding)">Jizz</a>", in his "Country Diary" column of 6 December 1921 - the piece was subsequently included in his 1922 book "Bird Haunts and Nature Memories".<sup id="cite_ref-BB111_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BB111-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attributed it to "a west-coast Irishman".<sup id="cite_ref-BB111_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BB111-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Positions">Positions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Coward&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Acting Keeper of the Manchester Museum (During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>)</li> <li>Chairman and President of the Altrincham and District Natural History and Literary Society</li> <li>President of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society from 1921 to 1923</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Coward&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Birds_of_the_British_Isles_and_their_Eggs_-_advert.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/The_Birds_of_the_British_Isles_and_their_Eggs_-_advert.png/220px-The_Birds_of_the_British_Isles_and_their_Eggs_-_advert.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/The_Birds_of_the_British_Isles_and_their_Eggs_-_advert.png/330px-The_Birds_of_the_British_Isles_and_their_Eggs_-_advert.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/The_Birds_of_the_British_Isles_and_their_Eggs_-_advert.png/440px-The_Birds_of_the_British_Isles_and_their_Eggs_-_advert.png 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="312" /></a><figcaption>Press advertisement for <i>The Birds of the British Isles and their Eggs</i>, published in The Times, London, 6 February 1920</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brambling_by_Archibald_Thorburn.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Brambling_by_Archibald_Thorburn.png/220px-Brambling_by_Archibald_Thorburn.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Brambling_by_Archibald_Thorburn.png/330px-Brambling_by_Archibald_Thorburn.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Brambling_by_Archibald_Thorburn.png/440px-Brambling_by_Archibald_Thorburn.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="342" /></a><figcaption>Brambling by <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Thorburn" title="Archibald Thorburn">Archibald Thorburn</a>, one of the illustrations from <i>The Birds of the British Isles and their Eggs</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Coward wrote a number of books on local history, natural history and birds:<sup id="cite_ref-WWW_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWW-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>The Birds of Cheshire</i>, 1900, written jointly with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Oldham_(naturalist)" title="Charles Oldham (naturalist)">Charles Oldham</a>.</li> <li><i>Picturesque Cheshire</i></li> <li><i>The Vertebrate Fauna of Cheshire and Liverpool Bay</i>, 1910, written jointly with Charles Oldham and James Johnstone.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Cheshire</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_County_Geographies" title="Cambridge County Geographies">Cambridge County Geographies</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cheshire&rft.series=Cambridge+County+Geographies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Coward" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>The Migration of Birds</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 1912</li> <li><i>The Birds of the British Isles and their Eggs</i>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Warne_%26_Co" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Warne & Co">Frederick Warne & Co</a>, 1919 in two volumes, expanded to three in 1926</li> <li><i>Bird Haunts and Nature Memories</i>, Frederick Warne & Co, 1922</li> <li><i>Birds and their Young</i></li> <li><i>Life of the Wayside and Woodland</i></li> <li><i>Birds at Home and Abroad</i></li> <li><i>Life of Birds</i></li> <li><i>Bird and Other Nature Problems</i>, Frederick Warne & Co, 1931</li> <li><i>Cheshire – Traditions and History</i></li> <li><i>The Mammalian Fauna of Cheshire</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contributions">Contributions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Coward&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Contributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Practical Handbook of British Birds</i>, Witherby & Co, 1920</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1931" class="citation book cs1">White, Walter Walmesley (1931). <i>Bird life in Devon</i>. London: J. Cape. pp. 256 p, [12] leaves of plates : ill (music), 20 cm.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bird+life+in+Devon&rft.place=London&rft.pages=256+p%2C+12+leaves+of+plates+%3A+ill+%28music%29%2C+20+cm&rft.pub=J.+Cape&rft.date=1931&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Walter+Walmesley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Coward" class="Z3988"></span> (Foreword)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Coward&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardwell2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Cardwell, Donald (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/45766">"Coward, Thomas Alfred (1867–1933)"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F36241">10.1093/ref:odnb/36241</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Coward%2C+Thomas+Alfred+%281867%E2%80%931933%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F36241&rft.aulast=Cardwell&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F45766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Coward" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Obit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Obit_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/205/888/158380354w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS252389439&dyn=5!xrn_23_0_CS252389439&hst_1?sw_aep=kccl">"Mr T. A. Coward"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. No. 46356. 31 January 1933. p. 15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Mr+T.+A.+Coward&rft.issue=46356&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1933-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfotrac.galegroup.com%2Fitw%2Finfomark%2F205%2F888%2F158380354w16%2Fpurl%3Drc1_TTDA_0_CS252389439%26dyn%3D5%21xrn_23_0_CS252389439%26hst_1%3Fsw_aep%3Dkccl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Coward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Usher-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Usher_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUsher" class="citation web cs1">Usher, Tony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.10x50.com/coward/coward.htm">"T.A.Coward"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Knutsford_Ornithological_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knutsford Ornithological Society (page does not exist)">Knutsford Ornithological Society</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T.A.Coward&rft.pub=Knutsford+Ornithological+Society&rft.aulast=Usher&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.10x50.com%2Fcoward%2Fcoward.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Coward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ibis84-3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ibis84-3_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW._E._G.1942" class="citation journal cs1">W. E. G. (July 1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1474-919X.1942.tb05717.x">"Obituary: Charles Oldham"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ibis_(journal)" title="Ibis (journal)">Ibis</a></i>. <b>84</b> (3): 440–443. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1474-919X.1942.tb05717.x">10.1111/j.1474-919X.1942.tb05717.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ibis&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Charles+Oldham&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=440-443&rft.date=1942-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1474-919X.1942.tb05717.x&rft.au=W.+E.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1474-919X.1942.tb05717.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Coward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OP-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OP_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openplaques.org/plaques/8447">"Blue plaque № 8447 in Bowdon"</a>. <i>Open Plaques</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Plaques&rft.atitle=Blue+plaque+%E2%84%96+8447+in+Bowdon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopenplaques.org%2Fplaques%2F8447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Coward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NWN-1934-03-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NWN-1934-03_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodkinson1934" class="citation journal cs1">Hodkinson, Mr J. F. (March 1934). "The T. A. Coward Memorial Nature Reserves". <i>North Western Naturalist</i>. <b>IX</b> (1): 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+Western+Naturalist&rft.atitle=The+T.+A.+Coward+Memorial+Nature+Reserves&rft.volume=IX&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1934-03&rft.aulast=Hodkinson&rft.aufirst=Mr+J.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Coward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BB111-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BB111_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BB111_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenwoodGreenwood2018" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Greenwood" title="Jeremy Greenwood">Greenwood, Jeremy J.D.</a>; Greenwood, Julian G. (May 2018). "The Origin of the Birdwatching Term "Jizz"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i><a href="/wiki/British_Birds_(magazine)" title="British Birds (magazine)">British Birds</a></i>. <b>111</b> (5): 292–294.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Birds&rft.atitle=The+Origin+of+the+Birdwatching+Term+%22Jizz%22&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=292-294&rft.date=2018-05&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=Jeremy+J.D.&rft.au=Greenwood%2C+Julian+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Coward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWW-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WWW_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U207970">"Coward, Thomas Alfred"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Was_Who" class="mw-redirect" title="Who Was Who">Who Was Who</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>/<a href="/wiki/A_%26_C_Black" title="A & C Black">A & C Black</a>. December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Who+Was+Who&rft.atitle=Coward%2C+Thomas+Alfred&rft.date=2007-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2Foupww%2Fwhowaswho%2FU207970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Coward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Coward&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thomas_Coward" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Thomas Coward">Thomas Coward</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Author:Thomas_Alfred_Coward" class="extiw" title="s:en:Author:Thomas Alfred Coward">Thomas Alfred Coward</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Coward, Thomas Alfred". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F45766">10.1093/ref:odnb/45766</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Coward%2C+Thomas+Alfred&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F45766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Coward" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://journalisted.com/thomas-coward">Thomas Coward</a> on <a href="/wiki/Journalisted" class="mw-redirect" title="Journalisted">Journalisted</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/author/Coward,+T.+A.">Works by Thomas Coward</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Coward%2C%20Thomas%20Alfred%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Coward%2C%20Thomas%20A%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Coward%2C%20T%2E%20A%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Thomas%20Alfred%20Coward%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Thomas%20A%2E%20Coward%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22T%2E%20A%2E%20Coward%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Coward%2C%20Thomas%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Thomas%20Coward%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Thomas%20Alfred%20Coward%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Thomas%20A%2E%20Coward%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22T%2E%20A%2E%20Coward%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22T%2E%20Alfred%20Coward%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Coward%2C%20Thomas%20Alfred%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Coward%2C%20Thomas%20A%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Coward%2C%20T%2E%20A%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Coward%2C%20T%2E%20Alfred%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Thomas%20Coward%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Coward%2C%20Thomas%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Thomas%20Alfred%20Coward%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Thomas%20A%2E%20Coward%22%20OR%20title%3A%22T%2E%20A%2E%20Coward%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Thomas%20Coward%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Thomas%20Alfred%20Coward%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Thomas%20A%2E%20Coward%22%20OR%20description%3A%22T%2E%20A%2E%20Coward%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Coward%2C%20Thomas%20Alfred%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Coward%2C%20Thomas%20A%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Thomas%20Coward%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Coward%2C%20Thomas%22%29%20OR%20%28%221867-1933%22%20AND%20Coward%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Thomas Coward</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qL09AAAAYAAJ"><i>The Birds of the British Isles and Their Eggs</i></a> Google Books. Retrieved 11 June 2011.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/profile/thomas-coward">Guardian 'Country Diary' columns</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid lightgreen">Professional and academic associations </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Alexander_Miers" title="Henry Alexander Miers">Sir Henry Alexander Miers</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society" title="Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society">Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society</a> </b><br />1921–23 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Baily_Dixon" title="Harold Baily Dixon">Harold Baily Dixon</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id="Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society" title="Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"> Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society </span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;;width:1%;text-align:left;">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th Century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Peter Mainwaring</li> <li>James Massey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Percival" title="Thomas Percival">Dr Thomas Percival</a> (I)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th Century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Percival" title="Thomas Percival">Dr Thomas Percival</a> (II)</li> <li>George Walker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_(apothecary)" title="Thomas Henry (apothecary)">Thomas Henry</a> (I)</li> <li>Dr John Hull</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_(apothecary)" title="Thomas Henry (apothecary)">Thomas Henry</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">John Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Holme" title="Edward Holme">Dr Edward Holme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaton_Hodgkinson" title="Eaton Hodgkinson">Eaton Hodgkinson</a></li> <li>John Moore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fairbairn" title="William Fairbairn">Sir William Fairbairn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">Bt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a> (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_William_Binney" title="Edward William Binney">Edward William Binney</a> (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Angus_Smith" title="Robert Angus Smith">Dr Robert Angus Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Schunck" title="Edward Schunck">Dr Henry Edward Schunck</a> (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_William_Binney" title="Edward William Binney">Edward William Binney</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a> (III)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Schunck" title="Edward Schunck">Dr Henry Edward Schunck</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_William_Binney" title="Edward William Binney">Edward William Binney</a> (III)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a> (IV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_William_Binney" title="Edward William Binney">Edward William Binney</a> (IV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Enfield_Roscoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Enfield Roscoe">Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Crawford_Williamson" title="William Crawford Williamson">William Crawford Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Dukinfield_Darbishire" title="Robert Dukinfield Darbishire">Robert Dukinfield Darbishire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfour_Stewart" title="Balfour Stewart">Balfour Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osborne_Reynolds" title="Osborne Reynolds">Osborne Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Schunck" title="Edward Schunck">Dr Henry Edward Schunck</a> (III)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schuster" title="Arthur Schuster">Prof. Sir Arthur Schuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilde_(engineer)" title="Henry Wilde (engineer)">Henry Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Schunck" title="Edward Schunck">Dr Henry Edward Schunck</a> (IV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cosmo_Melvill_(naturalist)" title="James Cosmo Melvill (naturalist)">James Cosmo Melvill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Lamb" title="Horace Lamb">Prof. Sir Horace Lamb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th Century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Lamb" title="Horace Lamb">Prof. Sir Horace Lamb</a></li> <li>Charles Bailey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Boyd_Dawkins" title="William Boyd Dawkins">Prof. Sir William Boyd Dawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bailey_(engineer)" title="William Bailey (engineer)">Sir William Henry Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Baily_Dixon" title="Harold Baily Dixon">Prof. Harold Baily Dixon</a> (I)</li> <li>Francis Jones</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Ernest_Weiss" title="Frederick Ernest Weiss">Prof. Frederick Ernest Weiss</a></li> <li>Francis Nicholson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_J._Hickson" title="Sydney J. Hickson">Prof. Sydney John Hickson</a></li> <li>William Thomson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafton_Elliot_Smith" title="Grafton Elliot Smith">Prof. Sir Grafton Elliot Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Alexander_Miers" title="Henry Alexander Miers">Prof. Sir Henry Alexander Miers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas Alfred Coward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Baily_Dixon" title="Harold Baily Dixon">Prof. Harold Baily Dixon</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Cortie" title="Aloysius Cortie">Rev. Aloysius Laurence Cortie</a></li> <li>Herbert Levinstein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bragg" title="Lawrence Bragg">Prof. Sir William Lawrence Bragg</a></li> <li>Charles Edmond Stromeyer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Mouat_Jones" title="Bernard Mouat Jones">Prof. Bernard Mouat Jones</a></li> <li>John Allan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_W._James" title="Reginald W. James">Prof. Reginald William James</a></li> <li>Robert Henry Clayton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hartree" title="Douglas Hartree">Prof. Douglas Rayner Hartree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._J._Fleure" title="H. J. Fleure">Prof. Herbert John Fleure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Polanyi" title="Michael Polanyi">Prof. Michael Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._B._L._Webster" title="T. B. L. Webster">Prof. Thomas Bertram Lonsdale Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_James,_Baron_James_of_Rusholme" title="Eric James, Baron James of Rusholme">Dr Eric John Francis James</a></li> <li>Horace Hayhurst (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Jefferson" title="Geoffrey Jefferson">Prof. Sir Geoffrey Jefferson</a></li> <li>Sir Peter Percy F. R. Venables</li> <li>Dr F. C. Toy</li> <li>C. E. Young</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lipson" title="Henry Lipson">Prof. Henry Solomon Lipson</a> (I)</li> <li>Leonard Cohen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Pilkington" title="Margaret Pilkington">Margaret Pilkington</a></li> <li>Horace Hayhurst (II)</li> <li>Brian Rodgers</li> <li>Dr George N. Burkhardt</li> <li>Dr George James Kynch</li> <li>Dr Edward Noah Abrahart</li> <li>Anthony Edmund Rivers Goulty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lipson" title="Henry Lipson">Prof. Henry Solomon Lipson</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Fairhurst" title="Harry S. Fairhurst">Harry M. Fairhurst</a></li> <li>David G. Wilson</li> <li>Dr Lionel J. R. Postle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netar_Mallick" title="Netar Mallick">Prof. Sir Netar P. Mallick</a> (I)</li> <li>Dr Brian S. H. Rarity</li> <li>Philip G. Livesey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._S._L._Cardwell" title="D. S. L. Cardwell">Prof. Donald Stephen Lowell Cardwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Fletcher_Cass" title="Edward Fletcher Cass">Dr Edward Fletcher Cass</a></li> <li>Prof. Alexander Donnachie</li> <li>Dianne Wilson</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st Century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Iain E. Gillespie</li> <li>Angus G. D. Yeaman</li> <li>Keith D. Buckley</li> <li>Vivienne Blackburn</li> <li>Mary, Lady Mallick</li> <li>David J. Higginson</li> <li>Prof. Kenneth M. Letherman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netar_Mallick" title="Netar Mallick">Prof. Sir Netar P. Mallick</a> (II)</li> <li>Dr Diana M. Leitch</li> <li>Dr Susan R. Hilton</li> <li>Ian Cameron</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;;width:1%;text-align:left;">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Honorary Membership</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society#Dalton_Medal" title="Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society">Dalton Medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;;width:1%;text-align:left;">Lectures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilde_(engineer)" title="Henry Wilde (engineer)">Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">Joule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Percival" title="Thomas Percival">Percival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;;width:1%;text-align:left;">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society#Memoirs" title="Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society"><i>Memoirs and Proceedings</i></a></li> <li><i>Who's Who of Greater Manchester</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society" title="Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Category</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7788663#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7788663#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7788663#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1057632848">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88602084">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072820357">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007424216805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA10826153?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/893719">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/083685030">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6gc5288">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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