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Bosons W i Z - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l&#039;Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses 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<div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&amp;returnto=Bosons+W+i+Z" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&amp;returnto=Bosons+W+i+Z" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d&#039;usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&amp;returnto=Bosons+W+i+Z" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&amp;returnto=Bosons+W+i+Z" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l&#039;edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d&#039;aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Propietats_bàsiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propietats_bàsiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Propietats bàsiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propietats_bàsiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_força_nuclear_feble" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_força_nuclear_feble"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>La força nuclear feble</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_força_nuclear_feble-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Predicció_de_les_partícules_W_i_Z" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predicció_de_les_partícules_W_i_Z"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Predicció de les partícules W i Z</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predicció_de_les_partícules_W_i_Z-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descobriment_de_les_partícules_W_i_Z" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descobriment_de_les_partícules_W_i_Z"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Descobriment de les partícules W i Z</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descobriment_de_les_partícules_W_i_Z-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bosons W i Z</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 50 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-_en_Z-bosone" title="W- en Z-bosone - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="W- en Z-bosone" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%AF" title="بوزونات دبليو وزد - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوزونات دبليو وزد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosones_W_y_Z" title="Bosones W y Z - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bosones W y Z" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-_%D1%96_Z-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="W- і Z-базоны - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="W- і Z-базоны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-_%D1%96_Z-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="W- і Z-базоны - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="W- і Z-базоны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_%D0%B8_Z_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="W и Z бозони - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="W и Z бозони" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_i_Z_bozoni" title="W i Z bozoni - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="W i Z bozoni" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson_W_a_Z" title="Boson W a Z - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Boson W a Z" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-_og_Z-bosoner" title="W- og Z-bosoner - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="W- og Z-bosoner" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1_W_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_Z" title="Μποζόνια W και Z - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μποζόνια W και Z" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons" title="W and Z bosons - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="W and Z bosons" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosones_W_y_Z" title="Bosones W y Z - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bosones W y Z" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-_ja_Z-boson" title="W- ja Z-boson - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="W- ja Z-boson" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_eta_Z_bosoi" title="W eta Z bosoi - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="W eta Z bosoi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%88_%D8%B2%D8%AF" title="بوزون‌های دبلیو و زد - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوزون‌های دبلیو و زد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-_ja_Z-bosonit" title="W- ja Z-bosonit - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="W- ja Z-bosonit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosons_W_et_Z" title="Bosons W et Z - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bosons W et Z" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos%C3%B3ns_W_e_Z" title="Bosóns W e Z - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bosóns W e Z" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_W_%D7%95-Z" title="בוזוני W ו-Z - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בוזוני W ו-Z" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_%E0%A4%B5_Z_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="W व Z बोसॉन - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="W व Z बोसॉन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_i_Z_bozoni" title="W i Z bozoni - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="W i Z bozoni" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-_%C3%A9s_Z-bozonok" title="W- és Z-bozonok - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="W- és Z-bozonok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-_%D6%87_Z-%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="W- և Z-բոզոններ - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="W- և Z-բոզոններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson_W_dan_Z" title="Boson W dan Z - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Boson W dan Z" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosoni_W_e_Z" title="Bosoni W e Z - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bosoni W e Z" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9C%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="ウィークボソン - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィークボソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%EC%99%80_Z%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="W와 Z보손 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="W와 Z보손" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwake_bosone" title="Zwake bosone - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zwake bosone" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_ir_Z_bozonai" title="W ir Z bozonai - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="W ir Z bozonai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_%D0%B8_Z_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="W и Z бозони - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="W и Z бозони" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson_W_dan_Z" title="Boson W dan Z - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Boson W dan Z" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-_og_Z-boson" title="W- og Z-boson - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="W- og Z-boson" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosons_W_e_Z" title="Bosons W e Z - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bosons W e Z" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3sons_W_e_Z" title="Bósons W e Z - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bósons W e Z" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-_%D0%B8_Z-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="W- и Z-бозоны - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="W- и Z-бозоны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%DA%8A_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BD%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%84" title="زيڊ پارٽيڪل - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="زيڊ پارٽيڪل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_i_Z_bozoni" title="W i Z bozoni - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="W i Z bozoni" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons" title="W and Z bosons - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="W and Z bosons" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boz%C3%B3n_W_a_Z" title="Bozón W a Z - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bozón W a Z" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bozoni_W_in_Z" title="Bozoni W in Z - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bozoni W in Z" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_%D0%B8_Z_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="W и Z бозони - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="W и Z бозони" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-_och_Z-bosoner" title="W- och Z-bosoner - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="W- och Z-bosoner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_boson_na_W_at_Z" title="Mga boson na W at Z - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga boson na W at Z" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_ve_Z_bozonlar%C4%B1" title="W ve Z bozonları - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="W ve Z bozonları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_Z_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="W һәм Z бозоннары - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="W һәм Z бозоннары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-_%D1%96_Z-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="W- і Z-бозони - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="W- і Z-бозони" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson_W_v%C3%A0_Z" title="Boson W và Z - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Boson W và Z" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_boson_nga_W_ngan_Z" title="Mga boson nga W ngan Z - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mga boson nga W ngan Z" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%E5%8F%8AZ%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="W及Z玻色子 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="W及Z玻色子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%E5%90%8CZ%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="W同Z玻色子 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="W同Z玻色子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q211922#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bosons_W_i_Z" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Bosons_W_i_Z&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d&#039;aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bosons_W_i_Z"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosons_W_i_Z&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d&#039;aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosons_W_i_Z&amp;action=history" title="Versions antigues d&#039;aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bosons_W_i_Z"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosons_W_i_Z&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d&#039;aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosons_W_i_Z&amp;action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Bosons_W_i_Z" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Bosons_W_i_Z" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d&#039;aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosons_W_i_Z&amp;oldid=33223972" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosons_W_i_Z&amp;action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&amp;page=Bosons_W_i_Z&amp;id=33223972&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBosons_W_i_Z"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBosons_W_i_Z"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Bosons+W+i+Z"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Bosons_W_i_Z&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosons_W_i_Z&amp;printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d&#039;aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:W_and_Z_bosons" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q211922" title="Enllaç a l&#039;element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l&#039;enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(S'ha redirigit des de: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bos%C3%B3_Z&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosó Z">Bosó Z</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style="" data-severity="2"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image" style="width: 52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Crystal128-pipe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal128-pipe.svg/25px-Crystal128-pipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal128-pipe.svg/38px-Crystal128-pipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal128-pipe.svg/50px-Crystal128-pipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> <div class="mbox-text-span">Aquest article o secció no <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Citau_les_fonts" title="Viquipèdia:Citau les fonts">cita les fonts</a> o necessita més referències per a la seva <a href="/wiki/VP:VER" class="mw-redirect" title="VP:VER">verificabilitat</a>.</div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background-color:#b0d1ad;"><span style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Atom_editor_logo_black.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Infotaula de partícula"><img alt="Infotaula de partícula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Atom_editor_logo_black.svg/25px-Atom_editor_logo_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Atom_editor_logo_black.svg/38px-Atom_editor_logo_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Atom_editor_logo_black.svg/50px-Atom_editor_logo_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="131" data-file-height="120" /></a></span></span>Bosons W i Z</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;">Classificació</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_de_gauge" title="Bosó de gauge">bosó gauge</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28877390" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q28877390">massive quantum particle</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28877390?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> i <a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_mediadora" title="Partícula mediadora">Partícula mediadora</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211922?uselang=ca#P279" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula#Composició" title="Partícula">Composició</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_W" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosó W">bosó W</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_Z" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosó Z">bosó Z</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211922?uselang=ca#P527" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Forces_fonamentals" title="Forces fonamentals">Interaccions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/For%C3%A7a_nuclear_feble" title="Força nuclear feble">força nuclear feble</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gravetat" title="Gravetat">gravetat</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211922?uselang=ca#P517" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;">Descoberta</th><td class="infobox-data">1983 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211922?uselang=ca#P575" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Vida_mitjana" title="Vida mitjana">Vida mitjana</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211922?uselang=ca#P2645" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0rrega_el%C3%A8ctrica" title="Càrrega elèctrica">Càrrega elèctrica</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0 i 0 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211922?uselang=ca#P2200" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADn" title="Espín">Espín</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211922?uselang=ca#P1122" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>En <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">física</a>, els <b>bosons W i Z</b> són partícules elementals que produeixen la interacció de la <a href="/wiki/For%C3%A7a_nuclear_feble" title="Força nuclear feble">força nuclear feble</a>. Van ser descoberts en el <a href="/wiki/CERN" class="mw-redirect" title="CERN">CERN</a>, l'any <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>, la qual cosa fou considerada un gran èxit del <a href="/wiki/Model_est%C3%A0ndard_de_f%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADcules" title="Model estàndard de física de partícules">model estàndard</a> de la <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADcules" title="Física de partícules">física de partícules</a>. </p><p>La partícula <i>W</i> va ser anomenada així a causa del nom d'aquesta força en anglès (<i><b>weak</b></i>). La partícula <i>Z</i> fou anomenada d'aquesta manera per una broma segons la qual es deia que aquesta era la darrera partícula que es necessitava descobrir. Segons una altra explicació, el nom de la partícula <i>Z</i> deriva del fet de la seva <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0rrega_el%C3%A8ctrica" title="Càrrega elèctrica">càrrega elèctrica</a> <b>zero</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propietats_bàsiques"><span id="Propietats_b.C3.A0siques"></span>Propietats bàsiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosons_W_i_Z&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Propietats bàsiques"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Existeixen dues classes de <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3" title="Bosó">bosons</a> W amb la unitat elemental de <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0rrega_el%C3%A8ctrica" title="Càrrega elèctrica">càrrega elèctrica</a> +1 i -1; la W<sup>+</sup> és l'antipartícula de la W<sup>−</sup>. El bosó Z (o Z<sup>0</sup>) és elèctricament <a href="/wiki/Neutre" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutre">neutre</a> i és la seva pròpia antipartícula. Les tres partícules tenen una vida breu amb una <a href="/wiki/Vida_mitjana" title="Vida mitjana">vida mitjana</a> d'uns 3 ×&#160;10<sup>−25</sup> segons. </p><p>Aquests bosons es consideren pesos pesants entre les partícules elementals. Amb una massa de 80,4 i 91,2 GeV/c², respectivament, les partícules W i Z<sup>0</sup> són quasi 100&#160;vegades més massives que el <a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%B3" title="Protó">protó</a> —més massives que un <a href="/wiki/%C3%80tom" title="Àtom">àtom</a> de <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">massa</a> d'aquests bosons és significativa perquè això limita l'abast de la força feble. Per contra, la <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetisme" title="Electromagnetisme">força electromagnètica</a> té un rang infinit perquè el seu bosó (el <a href="/wiki/Fot%C3%B3" title="Fotó">fotó</a>) és una partícula sense massa. </p><p>Els tres tipus tenen <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADn" title="Espín">espín</a> 1. </p><p>L'emissió dels bosons W<sup>+</sup> o W<sup>–</sup> pot, en els dos casos, augmentar o disminuir la càrrega elèctrica de la partícula que l'emet en 1 unitat, i alterar l'espín en 1 unitat. Al mateix temps, un bosó W pot canviar la generació de la partícula, per exemple canviant un <a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">quark</a> de <b>s</b> a <b>u</b>. El bosó Z<sup>0</sup> no pot canviar ni la càrrega elèctrica ni qualsevol càrrega (<a href="/wiki/Estranyesa_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Estranyesa (física)">estranyesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encant_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Encant (física)">encant</a>, etc.), només canvia l'espín i el <a href="/wiki/Moment" title="Moment">moment</a>; per tant, no canvia la generació o el <a href="/wiki/Sabor_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Sabor (física)">sabor</a> de la partícula que l'emet (vegeu <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corrent_feble_neutre&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Corrent feble neutre (encara no existeix)">corrent feble neutre</a></i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_força_nuclear_feble"><span id="La_for.C3.A7a_nuclear_feble"></span>La força nuclear feble</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosons_W_i_Z&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: La força nuclear feble"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Beta_Negative_Decay.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Beta_Negative_Decay.svg/220px-Beta_Negative_Decay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Beta_Negative_Decay.svg/330px-Beta_Negative_Decay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Beta_Negative_Decay.svg/440px-Beta_Negative_Decay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>El <a href="/wiki/Diagrama_de_Feynman" title="Diagrama de Feynman">diagrama de Feynman</a> per la desintegració beta del <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%B3" title="Neutró">neutró</a> en un <a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%B3" title="Protó">protó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%B3" title="Electró">electró</a>, i un <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD" title="Neutrí">antineutrí electrònic</a> per mitjà del <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_W" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosó W">bosó W</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Els bosons W i Z són partícules portadores que duen la força nuclear feble, de la mateixa manera que el fotó és el portador de la força electromagnètica. El bosó W és més conegut pel seu paper en la <a href="/wiki/Desintegraci%C3%B3_nuclear" class="mw-redirect" title="Desintegració nuclear">desintegració nuclear</a>. Considerem, per exemple, la <a href="/wiki/Desintegraci%C3%B3_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Desintegració beta">desintegració beta</a> del <a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">cobalt</a>-60, un procés important en l'explosió de les <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova"><i>supernovae</i></a>. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {}_{27}^{60}{\hbox{Co}}\to {}_{28}^{60}{\hbox{Ni}}+{\hbox{e}}^{-}+{\overline {\nu }}_{e}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>27</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>60</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>Co</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>28</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>60</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>Ni</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>e</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>&#x03BD;<!-- ν --></mi> <mo accent="false">&#x00AF;<!-- ¯ --></mo> </mover> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {}_{27}^{60}{\hbox{Co}}\to {}_{28}^{60}{\hbox{Ni}}+{\hbox{e}}^{-}+{\overline {\nu }}_{e}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5a126b5ba9e987d02fa9f31a611b6d2d2cf8b244" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:23.221ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {}_{27}^{60}{\hbox{Co}}\to {}_{28}^{60}{\hbox{Ni}}+{\hbox{e}}^{-}+{\overline {\nu }}_{e}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Aquesta reacció no comporta una transformació del <a href="/wiki/Nucli_at%C3%B2mic" title="Nucli atòmic">nucli</a> sencer del cobalt-60, només afecta un sol dels seus 33&#160;<a href="/wiki/Neutrons" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrons">neutrons</a>. Aquest neutró es convertix en un protó per l'emissió d'un <a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%B3" title="Electró">electró</a> (anomenat <i><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Partícula beta">partícula beta</a></i> en aquest context) i un <a href="/wiki/Antineutr%C3%AD" title="Antineutrí">antineutrí</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hbox{n}}\to {\hbox{p}}+{\hbox{e}}^{-}+{\overline {\nu }}_{e}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>n</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>p</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>e</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>&#x03BD;<!-- ν --></mi> <mo accent="false">&#x00AF;<!-- ¯ --></mo> </mover> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hbox{n}}\to {\hbox{p}}+{\hbox{e}}^{-}+{\overline {\nu }}_{e}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1777ff38be4577a1a4600085bf0e42a8f931066a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:16.823ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hbox{n}}\to {\hbox{p}}+{\hbox{e}}^{-}+{\overline {\nu }}_{e}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>El neutró no és una partícula elemental, és una partícula composta per un <a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">quark</a> <i>up</i> i dos quarks <i>down</i> (udd). És en efecte un dels quarks <i>down</i> el que actua en la desintegració beta, convertint-se en un quark <i>up</i>, formant, per tant, un protó (uud). En el nivell més fonamental, per tant, la força feble canvia el <a href="/wiki/Sabor_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Sabor (física)">sabor</a> d'un sol quark: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hbox{d}}\to {\hbox{u}}+{\hbox{W}}^{-}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>d</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>u</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>W</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hbox{d}}\to {\hbox{u}}+{\hbox{W}}^{-}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aa9e8859f23cea6e701939cd077784337d7b439c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:13.326ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hbox{d}}\to {\hbox{u}}+{\hbox{W}}^{-}\,}"></span></dd></dl> <p>la qual cosa se segueix immediatament per la desintegració del W<sup>−</sup> per si mateix: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hbox{W}}^{-}\to {\hbox{e}}^{-}+{\overline {\nu }}_{e}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>W</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>e</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>&#x03BD;<!-- ν --></mi> <mo accent="false">&#x00AF;<!-- ¯ --></mo> </mover> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hbox{W}}^{-}\to {\hbox{e}}^{-}+{\overline {\nu }}_{e}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bd5137f9b59e7fa855bc0cb2a554aaae05fd9af4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.297ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hbox{W}}^{-}\to {\hbox{e}}^{-}+{\overline {\nu }}_{e}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>I és la seva pròpia antipartícula: el bosó Z té tots els nombres quàntics iguals a zero. L'intercanvi d'un bosó Z, anomenat també <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corrent_neutre&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Corrent neutre (encara no existeix)">corrent neutre</a></i>, permet, per tant, la interacció de partícules que no resulten afectades, excepte en el seu <a href="/wiki/Moment" title="Moment">moment</a>. Al contrari de la desintegració beta, l'observació de la interacció del corrent neutre necessita més inversions en <a href="/wiki/Accelerador_de_part%C3%ADcules" title="Accelerador de partícules">acceleradors de partícules</a>, per la qual cosa només s'ha pogut verificar en uns pocs laboratoris de <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ADsica_de_les_altes_energies&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Física de les altes energies (encara no existeix)">física de les altes energies</a> en tot el món. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Predicció_de_les_partícules_W_i_Z"><span id="Predicci.C3.B3_de_les_part.C3.ADcules_W_i_Z"></span>Predicció de les partícules W i Z</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosons_W_i_Z&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Predicció de les partícules W i Z"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Kaon-box-diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kaon-box-diagram.svg/220px-Kaon-box-diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kaon-box-diagram.svg/330px-Kaon-box-diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kaon-box-diagram.svg/440px-Kaon-box-diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Un <a href="/wiki/Diagrama_de_Feynman" title="Diagrama de Feynman">diagrama de Feynman</a> mostrant l'intercanvi d'un parell de bosons W. Aquesta és una de les principals contribucions a l'oscil·lació del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka%C3%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaó (encara no existeix)">kaó</a> neutre</figcaption></figure> <p>Després de l'èxit espectacular de l'<a href="/wiki/Electrodin%C3%A0mica_qu%C3%A0ntica" title="Electrodinàmica quàntica">electrodinàmica quàntica</a> en els anys de la dècada de 1950, es va intentar formular una teoria similar per a la força nuclear feble. Això es va poder culminar al voltant del <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a> en una teoria unificada de l'electromagnetisme i les interaccions febles per <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Glashow" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheldon Glashow">Sheldon Glashow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a>, per la qual cosa compartiren el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1979/">Premi Nobel de Física del 1979</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040803075503/http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1979/">Arxivat</a> 2004-08-03 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. La seva <a href="/wiki/Teoria_electrofeble" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria electrofeble">teoria electrofeble</a> postulava no sols els bosons W necessaris per a explicar la desintegració beta, també un nou bosó Z que no havia estat mai observat. </p><p>El fet que els bosons W i Z tenen massa mentre que el fotó no en té fou un gran obstacle en el desenvolupament de la teoria electrofeble. Aquestes partícules es descriuen acuradament amb una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_gauge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria gauge (encara no existeix)">teoria gauge</a> <a href="/wiki/Grup_unitari_especial" title="Grup unitari especial">SU(2)</a>, però els bosons en una teoria gauge no poden tenir massa. Per exemple, és el cas del <a href="/wiki/Fot%C3%B3" title="Fotó">fotó</a>, sense massa perquè l'electromagnetisme és descrit per una teoria gauge U(1). Alguns mecanismes permeten rompre la simetria de la SU(2), donant massa a W i Z. Una explicació, el <a href="/wiki/Mecanisme_de_Higgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mecanisme de Higgs">mecanisme de Higgs</a>, fou avançada per <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a> en els darrers anys de la <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_de_1960" class="mw-redirect" title="Dècada de 1960">dècada de 1960</a>. Aquest mecanisme prediu també l'existència d'una altra nova partícula, el <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_de_Higgs" title="Bosó de Higgs">bosó de Higgs</a>. </p><p>La combinació de la teoria gauge SU(2) de la interacció feble, la interacció electromagnètica, i el mecanisme de Higgs és conegut com a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_de_Glashow-Weinberg-Salam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Model de Glashow-Weinberg-Salam (encara no existeix)"><i>model de Glashow</i>-<i>Weinberg-Salam</i></a>. Avui aquesta teoria és àmpliament acceptada com un dels pilars del model estàndard de la física de partícules. Malgrat la intensa cerca del bosó de Higgs en el <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> duita a terme pel <a href="/wiki/CERN" class="mw-redirect" title="CERN">CERN</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Fermilab" title="Fermilab">Fermilab</a>, la seva existència es manté com la principal predicció del model estàndard que no ha estat confirmada experimentalment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descobriment_de_les_partícules_W_i_Z"><span id="Descobriment_de_les_part.C3.ADcules_W_i_Z"></span>Descobriment de les partícules W i Z</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosons_W_i_Z&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Descobriment de les partícules W i Z"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El descobriment de les partícules W i Z és l'èxit major de la història del CERN. Primerament, en el 1973, es produí l'observació d'interaccions de corrent neutre com s'havia predit per la teoria electrofeble. L'enorme <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0mera_de_bombolles&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Càmera de bombolles (encara no existeix)">càmera de bombolles</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gargamelle&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gargamelle (encara no existeix)">Gargamelle</a> va permetre fotografiar la traça d'uns pocs electrons que es movien de sobte, aparentment com si es posassin d'acord. Això s'interpreta com la interacció d'un <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD" title="Neutrí">neutrí</a> amb un electró mitjançant l'intercanvi d'un bosó Z que no es pot veure. El neutrí, per la seva part, tampoc es pot detectar, només es poden observar els efectes en el moment en què es comunica a l'electró en la interacció. </p><p>El descobriment de les partícules W i Z, en si mateixes, va haver d'esperar a la construcció d'un <a href="/wiki/Accelerador_de_part%C3%ADcules" title="Accelerador de partícules">accelerador de partícules</a> a bastament potent per produir-les. La primera d'aquestes màquines que restà disponible fou el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sincrot%C3%B3_Super_Prot%C3%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sincrotó Super Protó (encara no existeix)">Sincrotó Super Protó</a>, en què senyals gens ambigus de les partícules W es van poder veure en el gener del 1983 durant una sèrie d'experiments dirigits per <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Carlo Rubbia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Simon van der Meer</a>. Aquests experiments s'anomenaven <i>UA1</i> i <i>UA2</i>, i eren l'esforç de col·laboració de molta gent. El mes de maig del 1983 es va trobar el bosó Z. Rubbia i van der Meer foren premiats molt aviat amb el Premi Nobel del 1984 de física, un fet inusual per la conservadora <a href="/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3_Nobel" title="Fundació Nobel">Fundació Nobel</a>. </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Model_estàndard_de_física_de_partícules" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Part%C3%ADcules" title="Plantilla:Partícules"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Model_estàndard_de_física_de_partícules" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Model_est%C3%A0ndard_de_f%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADcules" title="Model estàndard de física de partícules">Model estàndard de física de partícules</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_elemental" title="Partícula elemental">Elementals</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Fermi%C3%B3" title="Fermió">Fermions</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">Quarks</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Quark_amunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark amunt">u</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Quark_avall" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark avall">d</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Quark_encant" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark encant">c</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Quark_estrany" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark estrany">s</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Quark_cim" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark cim">t</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Quark_fons" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark fons">b</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Antiquark" title="Antiquark">Antiquarks</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antiquark_amunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark amunt"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">u</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_avall" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark avall"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">d</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_encant" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark encant"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">c</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_estrany" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark estrany"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">s</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_cim" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark cim"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">t</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_fons" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark fons"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">b</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Lept%C3%B3" title="Leptó">Leptons</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%B3" title="Electró">e<sup>-</sup></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Mu%C3%B3" title="Muó">μ<sup>-</sup></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Tau%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauó">τ<sup>-</sup></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD" title="Neutrí">ν</a> <b>(</b><a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_electr%C3%B2nic" title="Neutrí electrònic">ν<sub>e</sub></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_mu%C3%B2nic" title="Neutrí muònic">ν<sub>μ</sub></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_tau%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrí tauònic">ν<sub>τ</sub></a><b>)</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Antilept%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Antileptó">Antileptons</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Positr%C3%B3" title="Positró">e<sup>+</sup></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Antimu%C3%B3" title="Antimuó">μ<sup>+</sup></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Antitau%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitauó">τ<sup>+</sup></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Antineutr%C3%AD" title="Antineutrí"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">ν</span></a> <b>(</b><a href="/wiki/Antineutr%C3%AD_electr%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrí electrònic"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">ν</span><sub>e</sub></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Antineutr%C3%AD_mu%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrí muònic"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">ν</span><sub>μ</sub></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Antineutr%C3%AD_tau%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrí tauònic"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">ν</span><sub>τ</sub></a><b>)</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3" title="Bosó">Bosons</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_de_gauge" title="Bosó de gauge">Gauge</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fot%C3%B3" title="Fotó">γ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Glu%C3%B3" title="Gluó">g</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_W" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosó W">W<sup>±</sup></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_Z" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosó Z">Z</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_E(38)" title="Bosó E(38)">E<sub>38</sub></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_escalar" title="Bosó escalar">Escalar</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_de_Higgs" title="Bosó de Higgs">H<sup>0</sup></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Altres</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Camp_fantasma" title="Camp fantasma">Fantasmes</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_hipot%C3%A8tica" title="Partícula hipotètica">Hipotètiques</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Supercompany" title="Supercompany">Supercompanyes</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Sfermi%C3%B3" title="Sfermió">Sfermions</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Squark" title="Squark">Squarks</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><small><a href="/wiki/Quark_samunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark samunt"><span style="font-size:120%;">u&#x342;</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Quark_savall" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark savall"><span style="font-size:120%;">d&#x342;</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Quark_sencant" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark sencant"><span style="font-size:120%;">c&#x342;</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Quark_sestrany" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark sestrany"><span style="font-size:120%;">s&#x342;</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Quark_sim" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark sim"><span style="font-size:120%;">t&#x342;</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Quark_sfons" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark sfons"><span style="font-size:120%;">b&#x342;</span></a></small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Slept%C3%B3" title="Sleptó">Sleptons</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><small><a href="/wiki/Selectr%C3%B3_(part%C3%ADcula)" class="mw-redirect" title="Selectró (partícula)"><span style="font-size:120%;">e&#x342;</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Smu%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Smuó"><span style="font-size:120%;">μ&#x342;</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Stau%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Stauó"><span style="font-size:120%;">τ&#x342;</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Sneutr%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneutrí"><span style="font-size:120%;">ν&#x342;</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Sneutr%C3%AD_electr%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneutrí electrònic"><span style="font-size:120%;">ν&#x342;</span><sub>e</sub></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Sneutr%C3%AD_mu%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneutrí muònic"><span style="font-size:120%;">ν&#x342;</span><sub>μ</sub></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Sneutr%C3%AD_tau%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneutrí tauònic"><span style="font-size:120%;">ν&#x342;</span><sub>τ</sub></a>)</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Gaug%C3%AD" title="Gaugí">Gaugins</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><small><a href="/wiki/Be%C3%AD" title="Beí"><span style="font-size:120%;">B&#x342;</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Fot%C3%AD" title="Fotí"><span style="font-size:120%;">γ&#x342;</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Glu%C3%AD" title="Gluí"><span style="font-size:120%;">g&#x342;</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Gravit%C3%AD" title="Gravití"><span style="font-size:120%;">G&#x342;</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/We%C3%AD" title="Weí"><span style="font-size:120%;">W&#x342;</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Zet%C3%AD" title="Zetí"><span style="font-size:120%;">Z&#x342;</span></a></small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Altres</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ax%C3%AD" title="Axí">Axí</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Carregu%C3%AD" title="Carreguí">Carreguí</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Higgs%C3%AD" title="Higgsí">Higgsí</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Neutral%C3%AD" title="Neutralí">Neutralí</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Altres</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Axi%C3%B3" title="Axió">A<sup>0</sup></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Dilat%C3%B3" title="Dilató">D</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Fermi%C3%B3_de_Majorana" title="Fermió de Majorana">Fermió de Majorana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Fot%C3%B3_magn%C3%A8tic" title="Fotó magnètic">Fotó magnètic</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Gravit%C3%B3" title="Gravitó">G</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Gravifot%C3%B3" title="Gravifotó">Gravifotó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Inflat%C3%B3" title="Inflató">Inflató</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Leptoquark" title="Leptoquark">Leptoquark</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Major%C3%B3" title="Majoró">J</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Monopol_magn%C3%A8tic" title="Monopol magnètic">m</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_est%C3%A8ril" title="Neutrí estèril">neutrí estèril</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Pre%C3%B3" title="Preó">Preó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Taqui%C3%B3" title="Taquió">Taquió</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosó X">X</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_Y" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosó Y">Y</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_W%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosó W&#39;">W'</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_Z%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosó Z&#39;">Z'</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_composta" title="Partícula composta">Compostes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Hadr%C3%B3" title="Hadró">Hadrons</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Bari%C3%B3" title="Barió">Barions</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Nucle%C3%B3" title="Nucleó">Nucleons</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%B3" title="Protó">p</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%B3" title="Neutró">n</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Antiprot%C3%B3" title="Antiprotó"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">p</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Antineutr%C3%B3" title="Antineutró"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">n</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Hiper%C3%B3" title="Hiperó">Hiperons</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bari%C3%B3_Delta" title="Barió Delta">Δ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Lambda_(bari%C3%B3)" title="Lambda (barió)">Λ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bari%C3%B3_Sigma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Barió Sigma (encara no existeix)">Σ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bari%C3%B3_Ksi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Barió Ksi (encara no existeix)">Ξ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bari%C3%B3_Omega&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Barió Omega (encara no existeix)">Ω</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3" title="Mesó">Mesons</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B3" title="Pió">Pió</a> (π)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_rho" title="Mesó rho">Mesó rho</a> (ρ)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Mesons_eta_i_eta_prima" title="Mesons eta i eta prima">Mesons eta i eta prima</a> (η) i (η')<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_fi" title="Mesó fi">Mesó fi</a> (φ)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_omega" title="Mesó omega">Mesó omega</a> (ω)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_psi%C3%B3" title="Mesó psió">Mesó psió</a> (J/ψ)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_%C3%ADpsilon" title="Mesó ípsilon">Mesó ípsilon</a> (ϒ)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_theta" title="Mesó theta">Mesó theta</a> (θ)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mes%C3%B3_K&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesó K (encara no existeix)">Mesó K</a> (K)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_B" title="Mesó B">Mesó B</a> (B)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_D" title="Mesó D">Mesó D</a> (D)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_T" title="Mesó T">Mesó T</a> (T)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Quarkonium" title="Quarkonium">Quarkonium</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Altres</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nucli_at%C3%B2mic" title="Nucli atòmic">Nucli atòmic</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/%C3%80tom" title="Àtom">Àtom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Diquark" title="Diquark">Diquark</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/%C3%80tom_ex%C3%B2tic" title="Àtom exòtic">Àtom exòtic</a> <b>(</b> <a href="/wiki/Positroni" title="Positroni">Positroni</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Muoni" title="Muoni">Muoni</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Tautoni" title="Tautoni">Tautoni</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Oni_(part%C3%ADcula)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oni (partícula)">Oni</a> <b>)</b><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Super%C3%A0tom" title="Superàtom">Superàtoms</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A8cula" title="Molècula">Molècula</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_hipot%C3%A8tica" title="Partícula hipotètica">Hipotètiques</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Hadr%C3%B3_ex%C3%B2tic" title="Hadró exòtic">Hadrons exòtics</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Bari%C3%B3_ex%C3%B2tic" title="Barió exòtic">Barions exòtics</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dibari%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Dibarió">Dibarió</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; 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<a href="/wiki/Pomer%C3%B3" title="Pomeró">Pomeró</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quasipart%C3%ADcula" title="Quasipartícula">Quasipartícules</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solit%C3%B3_de_Davydov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Solitó de Davydov (encara no existeix)">Solitó de Davydov</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Excit%C3%B3" title="Excitó">Excitó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Hol%C3%B3" title="Holó">Holó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%B3" title="Magnó">Magnó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Fon%C3%B3" title="Fonó">Fonó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmar%C3%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmaró (encara no existeix)">Plasmaró</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Plasm%C3%B3" title="Plasmó">Plasmó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polarit%C3%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polaritó (encara no existeix)">Polaritó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Polar%C3%B3" title="Polaró">Polaró</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Rot%C3%B3" title="Rotó">Rotó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tri%C3%B3_(f%C3%ADsica)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Trió (física) (encara no existeix)">Trió</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Descartades</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%B3" title="Partó">Partó</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llistes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Llista_de_part%C3%ADcules" title="Llista de partícules">Llista de partícules</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Cronologia_de_la_f%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADcules" title="Cronologia de la física de partícules">Cronologia de la física de partícules</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Books" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Books">Llibres</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33711417">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;color:#555;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}</style><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Particles_of_the_Standard_Model">Book:Particles of the Standard Model<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;</a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Hadronic_Matter">Book:Hadronic Matter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; 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