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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Social justice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Underdog_and_schadenfreude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Underdog_and_schadenfreude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Underdog and schadenfreude</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Underdog_and_schadenfreude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limitations_of_the_underdog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limitations_of_the_underdog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Limitations of the underdog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limitations_of_the_underdog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinderella" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinderella"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cinderella</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinderella-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Underdog</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%B9%D9%81" title="مستضعف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مستضعف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autsayder" title="Autsayder – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Autsayder" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Аўтсайдэр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аўтсайдэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underdog_(terme)" title="Underdog (terme) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Underdog (terme)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underdog_(Soziologie)" title="Underdog (Soziologie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Underdog (Soziologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underdog_(competici%C3%B3n)" title="Underdog (competición) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Underdog (competición)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underdog" title="Underdog – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Underdog" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outsider" title="Outsider – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Outsider" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B8%EB%8D%94%EB%8F%85_(%EC%9A%A9%EC%96%B4)" title="언더독 (용어) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="언더독 (용어)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonunggulan" title="Nonunggulan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nonunggulan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underdog_(termine)" title="Underdog (termine) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Underdog (termine)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%92" title="אנדרדוג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנדרדוג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Аутсайдер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аутсайдер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underdog" title="Underdog – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Underdog" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underdog_(competitie)" title="Underdog (competitie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Underdog (competitie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%97" title="अन्डरडग – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अन्डरडग" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E7%8A%AC" title="かませ犬 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="かませ犬" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outsider" title="Outsider – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Outsider" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autsayder" title="Autsayder – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Autsayder" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underdog_(competi%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" title="Underdog (competição) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Underdog (competição)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Аутсайдер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аутсайдер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Аутсайдер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аутсайдер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B3%D8%AA_%DB%81%D9%85%D8%AA" title="پست ہمت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پست ہمت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E8%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="魚腩部隊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="魚腩部隊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b>tone or style may not reflect the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">encyclopedic tone</a> used on Wikipedia</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> See Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">guide to writing better articles</a> for suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg/220px-Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg/330px-Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg/440px-Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption>In the battle between David and Goliath, David is an archetypal example of an underdog.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>underdog</b> is a person or group in a competition, usually in <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Creative_work" title="Creative work">creative works</a>, who is largely expected to lose.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party, team, or individual expected to win is called the favorite or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/top_dog" class="extiw" title="wikt:top dog">top dog</a>. In the case where an underdog wins, the outcome is an <a href="/wiki/Upset_(competition)" title="Upset (competition)">upset</a>. An "underdog bet" is a <a href="/wiki/Sports_betting" title="Sports betting">bet</a> on the underdog or outsider for which the <a href="/wiki/Odds" title="Odds">odds</a> are generally higher. </p><p>The first recorded uses of the term occurred in the second half of the 19th century;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its first meaning was "the beaten dog in a fight".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Britain">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">American culture</a>, underdogs are highly regarded. This harkens back to core <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian" title="Judeo-Christian">Judeo-Christian</a> stories, such as that of <a href="/wiki/Goliath" title="Goliath">David and Goliath</a>, and also ancient British legends such as <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a>. This is also reflected in the idea of the <a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American dream</a>, where someone from a low social class can achieve success through hard work. Sports are another instance where underdogs are highly valorized, reflected in both real events, such as the <a href="/wiki/Miracle_on_Ice" title="Miracle on Ice">Miracle on Ice</a>, and in popular culture depictions of sports. Spectators and commentators are commonly drawn to establishing one side as the underdog, even if both teams are considered evenly matched.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In fiction, the <a href="/wiki/Fool_(stock_character)" title="Fool (stock character)">Fool</a> archetype is often an underdog if they are depicted as the main character. Their apparent ineptitude leads to people underestimating their true abilities, and they are able to succeed against a more powerful, "establishment" villain. An example in film is <a href="/wiki/The_Tramp" title="The Tramp">The Tramp</a> portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_norms">Social norms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underdog&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Social norms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People often root for underdogs for various psychological and cultural reasons; for example, witnessing and experiencing underdog challenges can lead us to <b><a href="/wiki/Empathy" title="Empathy">empathise</a></b> with the effort required to overcome such obstacles, fostering a connection with others who confront similar hardships.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This shared understanding may, in turn, contribute to breaking <a href="/wiki/Social_norm" title="Social norm">social norms</a> by challenging prevailing expectations and disrupting established power dynamics. <b>Social norms</b> often dictate that success is reserved for those in privileged or dominant positions; however, the underdog narrative challenges this norm by portraying individuals or groups who are perceived as <a href="/wiki/Disadvantaged" title="Disadvantaged">disadvantaged</a>, less powerful, or less likely to succeed.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One could argue that individuals or groups perceived as underdogs may face a different set of expectations and allowances within a <a href="/wiki/Social_environment" title="Social environment">social context.</a> The underdog is often seen as disadvantaged or less likely to conform to established norms. In this context, society might be more lenient or accept norm violations from underdogs, as their perceived struggles or challenges may evoke <a href="/wiki/Empathy" title="Empathy">empathy</a> or understanding.    </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_justice">Social justice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underdog&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Social justice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>We also rally round the underdog to satisfy our need for <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>. Supporting the underdog gives us a sense of agency and <a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">empowerment</a> as we align ourselves with those fighting against the odds. It reinforces the belief that individuals can overcome adversity and effect positive change, promoting a sense of hope and optimism for social justice efforts. Humans naturally support social justice, as seen in a study publicised by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/psp">Journal of Personality and Social Psychology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This study examined how individuals and groups manage shared resources. The results revealed differences in resource allocation and outcomes based on group size. These findings shed light on our innate preference to fairness and equality, as how individuals and groups allocate and utilise these resources reflects principles of fairness and equality. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Underdog_and_schadenfreude">Underdog and schadenfreude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underdog&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Underdog and schadenfreude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Austrian psychologist <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Heider" title="Fritz Heider">Fritz Heider</a> argues that the concept of <a href="/wiki/Schadenfreude" title="Schadenfreude">schadenfreude</a> plays an essential role in the sympathy gained by the underdog particularly when the dominant party is perceived as undeserving of their success. This phenomenon has received attention from <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social scientists</a> who argue that resentment towards high-status individuals can fuel Schadenfreude when they experience a downfall.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  Heider suggests there is tendency to root against the "top dog," or those perceived as riding high, indicating a pleasure from watching them fail, thus we support the underdog. The interconnection between rooting for the underdog and Schadenfreude is illustrated in a study by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Ceci" title="Stephen J. Ceci">Stephen Ceci</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-abstract/46/2/228/1923849?redirectedFrom=fulltext">Edward Kain</a> (1982) in the context of political elections.<sup id="cite_ref-Ceci-Kain1982_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ceci-Kain1982-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their findings suggest that exposure to polls depicting a candidate as having a dominant position did not evoke positive feelings towards the underdog but instead created a negative reaction towards the dominant candidate. This negative reaction could be indicative of a form of schadenfreude, where individuals derive satisfaction from seeing the dominant figure falter. When participants were shown the leading contender in the polls, they tended to move away from supporting them, possibly due to a subconscious pleasure in witnessing their potential downfall. However, when presented with information indicating a shift in the polls towards the underdog, participants shifted their support back to the leading contender. This shift in support suggests that the pleasure derived from the underdog's potential victory may not necessarily stem from genuine support for the underdog but rather from the satisfaction of seeing the leading candidate lose their position of power. This highlights how opposition reactivity, possibly driven by schadenfreude towards the leading candidate, influences shifts in support towards the underdog during electoral contests. </p><p>Both underdog support and Schadenfreude are influenced by perceptions of deserving and fairness within competitive contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The interplay between these two phenomena sheds light on the complex motivations underlying individuals' reactions to competitive situations, where notions of justice, fairness, and deserving play crucial roles in shaping emotional responses.<sup id="cite_ref-VGR07-Appeal_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VGR07-Appeal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limitations_of_the_underdog">Limitations of the underdog</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underdog&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Limitations of the underdog"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Studies supporting the underdog effect often face challenges in accurately assessing its implications. Despite efforts to create realistic scenarios, limitations persist in capturing the emotional nuances and social dynamics present in real-life situations where underdog support is observed. For instance, Stephen Ceci and Edwards Kain's (1982)<sup id="cite_ref-Ceci-Kain1982_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ceci-Kain1982-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> study may be susceptible to <a href="/wiki/Demand_characteristics" title="Demand characteristics">demand characteristics</a> or <a href="/wiki/Social-desirability_bias" title="Social-desirability bias">social desirability bias</a>, potentially influencing participants' responses. Such biases could affect the authenticity of participants' expressions of support or <a href="/wiki/Disdain" class="mw-redirect" title="Disdain">disdain</a> for candidates depicted in polls, especially in sensitive contexts like political elections. </p><p>Moreover, reliance on <a href="/wiki/Self-report" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-report">self-report measures</a> in the study may <a href="/wiki/Oversimplification" class="mw-redirect" title="Oversimplification">oversimplify</a> participants' emotional reactions, particularly concerning complex psychological <a href="/wiki/Phenomenon" title="Phenomenon">phenomena</a> like schadenfreude. Additionally, the study's exclusive focus on electoral contexts may limit the <a href="/wiki/Generalizability_theory" title="Generalizability theory">generalizability</a> of its findings to other domains, such as sports or business competitions, where underdog phenomena and <a href="/wiki/Schadenfreude" title="Schadenfreude">schadenfreude</a> may manifest differently. Future research could mitigate these limitations by employing diverse methodological approaches and exploring underdog and schadenfreude dynamics across various contexts to gain a more comprehensive understanding of these phenomena. </p><p>Furthermore, there are challenges in distinguishing underdog support from schadenfreude, underscoring the intricate relationship between these <a href="/wiki/Psychological" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological">psychological</a> constructs. While the assumption is that both forces operate in the same direction, they may represent interchangeable phenomena rather than distinct processes. Attempts to disentangle them may have inadvertently created a <a href="/wiki/By-product" title="By-product">byproduct</a>, complicating rather than clarifying their distinction. This suggests that the emotions associated with supporting underdogs and experiencing schadenfreude may be more intertwined than previously recognized, posing difficulties for researchers seeking to isolate and comprehend each theory independently.<sup id="cite_ref-VGR07-Appeal_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VGR07-Appeal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further investigation into the complex interplay between underdog support and schadenfreude is necessary to unravel their intricate dynamics fully. </p><p>Additionally, underdog narratives can sometimes reinforce <a href="/wiki/Stigmatization" class="mw-redirect" title="Stigmatization">stigmatization</a>, highlighting the need to address paternalistic tendencies that may portray underdogs as objects of sympathy rather than active agents.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such portrayals risk overlooking the agency and dignity of individuals marginalised by society, perpetuating symbolic <a href="/wiki/Tokenism" title="Tokenism">tokenism</a> rather than genuine empowerment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cinderella">Cinderella</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underdog&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cinderella"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sports</a>, the terms Cinderella, "Cinderella story", and Cinderella team are used to refer to situations in which competitors achieve far greater success than would reasonably have been best expected.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cinderella stories tend to gain much media and fan attention as they move closer to the tournament final game.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term comes from the well-known European folk tale of <i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella" title="Cinderella">Cinderella</a></i>, which embodies a myth-element of unjust oppression and triumphant reward, when the title character's life of poverty is suddenly changed to one of remarkable fortune. In a sporting context the term has been used at least since 1939, but came into widespread usage in 1950, when <a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(1950_film)" title="Cinderella (1950 film)">the Disney movie</a> was released that year, and in reference to <a href="/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_CCNY_Beavers_men%27s_basketball_team" title="1949–50 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team">City College of New York</a>, the unexpected winners of the NCAA Men's Basketball championship also that year.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was used by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Murray" title="Bill Murray">Bill Murray</a> in the 1980 movie <i><a href="/wiki/Caddyshack" title="Caddyshack">Caddyshack</a></i> where he pretends as the announcer to his own golf fantasy: "Cinderella story. Outta nowhere. A former greenskeeper, now, about to become the <a href="/wiki/Masters_Tournament" title="Masters Tournament">Masters</a> champion."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Referring somewhat inaccurately to the plot details of the classic <i>Cinderella</i> story, the media will debate whether the given "Cinderella" team or player will "turn into a pumpkin", i.e. fail to win the prize and then return to its former obscurity.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the fairy tale, it was the carriage that turned into a pumpkin at midnight, not Cinderella herself. Another popular term is "strike midnight", when a Cinderella team does finally get beaten.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the widespread use of <i>Cinderella</i> in this way, the more common term for unexpected and dramatic success was <i>Miracle</i>, as in the "Miracle <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves" title="Atlanta Braves">Braves</a>" of <a href="/wiki/1914_Boston_Braves_season" title="1914 Boston Braves season">1914</a>, the "<a href="/wiki/United_States_v_England_(1950_FIFA_World_Cup)" title="United States v England (1950 FIFA World Cup)">Miracle on Grass</a>" in 1950, the "<a href="/wiki/Shot_Heard_%27Round_the_World_(baseball)" title="Shot Heard 'Round the World (baseball)">Miracle of Coogan's Bluff</a>" in 1951, the "<a href="/wiki/1969_World_Series" title="1969 World Series">Miracle Mets</a>" of 1969, and the "<a href="/wiki/Miracle_on_Ice" title="Miracle on Ice">Miracle on Ice</a>" in 1980.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Cinderella teams are also referred to as a surprise package or surprise packet, and their success would be termed a fairy-tale run. A related concept is the giant-killer, which refers to a lesser competitor who defeats a favorite, reflecting the story of <a href="/wiki/David_and_Goliath" class="mw-redirect" title="David and Goliath">David and Goliath</a>. In Soviet sport, particularly team sports like football and hockey, there appeared a term Thunder to the Dominant [teams] (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Гроза авторитетов</span>, Groza avtoritetov) that referred to underdog, often a strong mid-table team, of which the dominant teams were afraid. The title is still in use in the post-Soviet period and sometimes is given to "<a href="/wiki/Dark_horse" title="Dark horse">dark horse</a>" teams which manage to win a major tournament.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was an official sports award that was introduced by the Soviet sports weekly "Sportivnaya Moskva" in the 1970s and 1980s for football and hockey top competitions awarded to teams that managed to take away the biggest number of points from the last season top-three placed teams.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underdog&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_horse" title="Dark horse">Dark horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rags_to_riches" title="Rags to riches">Rags to riches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upset_(competition)" title="Upset (competition)">Upset (competition)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underdog&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKeinanAveryPaharia2010" class="citation journal cs1">Keinan, Anat; Avery, Jill; Paharia, Neeru (November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hbr.org/2010/11/capitalizing-on-the-underdog-effect">"Capitalizing on the Underdog Effect"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_Review" title="Harvard Business Review">Harvard Business Review</a></i> (November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413134330/https://hbr.org/2010/11/capitalizing-on-the-underdog-effect">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Business+Review&rft.atitle=Capitalizing+on+the+Underdog+Effect&rft.issue=November+2010&rft.date=2010-11&rft.aulast=Keinan&rft.aufirst=Anat&rft.au=Avery%2C+Jill&rft.au=Paharia%2C+Neeru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhbr.org%2F2010%2F11%2Fcapitalizing-on-the-underdog-effect&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderdog" class="Z3988"></span><br />"Everyone loves a scrappy underdog", as the article observes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/underdog">"Definition of UNDERDOG"</a>. <i>www.merriam-webster.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160529123551/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/underdog">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-05-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+UNDERDOG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Funderdog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderdog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Shorter Oxford Dictionary, Third Edition, 1983. First use 1887.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Shorter Oxford Dictionary, Third Edition, 1983.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalberstamLowe2016" class="citation book cs1">Halberstam, J. Jack; Lowe, Lisa (2016). "Everybody Loves an Underdog". <i>Asian American Sporting Cultures</i>. NYU Press. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1479840816" title="Special:BookSources/978-1479840816"><bdi>978-1479840816</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Everybody+Loves+an+Underdog&rft.btitle=Asian+American+Sporting+Cultures&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1479840816&rft.aulast=Halberstam&rft.aufirst=J.+Jack&rft.au=Lowe%2C+Lisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderdog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnyder2005" class="citation book cs1">Snyder, Blake (2005). "Give Me The Same Thing... Only Different!". <i>Save the Cat!: The Last Book on Screenwriting You'll Ever Need</i>. Michael Wiese Productions. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1615930000" title="Special:BookSources/1615930000"><bdi>1615930000</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Give+Me+The+Same+Thing...+Only+Different%21&rft.btitle=Save+the+Cat%21%3A+The+Last+Book+on+Screenwriting+You%27ll+Ever+Need&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Michael+Wiese+Productions&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1615930000&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Blake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderdog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimAllisonEylonGoethals2008" class="citation journal cs1">Kim, JongHan; Allison, Scott T.; Eylon, Dafna; Goethals, George R.; Markus, Michael J.; Hindle, Sheila M.; McGuire, Heather A. (October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00403.x">"Rooting for (and Then Abandoning) the Underdog"</a>. <i>Journal of Applied Social Psychology</i>. <b>38</b> (10): 2550–2573. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1559-1816.2008.00403.x">10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00403.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9029">0021-9029</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Social+Psychology&rft.atitle=Rooting+for+%28and+Then+Abandoning%29+the+Underdog&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=2550-2573&rft.date=2008-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1559-1816.2008.00403.x&rft.issn=0021-9029&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=JongHan&rft.au=Allison%2C+Scott+T.&rft.au=Eylon%2C+Dafna&rft.au=Goethals%2C+George+R.&rft.au=Markus%2C+Michael+J.&rft.au=Hindle%2C+Sheila+M.&rft.au=McGuire%2C+Heather+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1559-1816.2008.00403.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderdog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHENRICH2015" class="citation book cs1">HENRICH, JOSEPH (2015-10-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77f0d"><i>The Secret of Our Success</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvc77f0d">10.2307/j.ctvc77f0d</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-7329-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-7329-6"><bdi>978-1-4008-7329-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secret+of+Our+Success&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015-10-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctvc77f0d&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-7329-6&rft.aulast=HENRICH&rft.aufirst=JOSEPH&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctvc77f0d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderdog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllisonMessick1985" class="citation journal cs1">Allison, Scott T.; Messick, David M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clock+Strikes+Midnight+for+Cinderella+Team+George+Mason+-+WRIC+Richmond+News+and+Weather+-&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wric.com%2Fstory%2F4714251%2Fclock-strikes-midnight-for-cinderella-team-george-mason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderdog" class="Z3988"></span> "Clock Strikes Midnight For Cinderella Team George Mason"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oleg Koshelev. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.ru/sport/4576567">The Thunder to the Dominant": the main sensations of the Russian Cup in football (Гроза авторитетов: главные сенсации Кубка России по футболу)</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hsf.narod.ru/awards/bwb.htm">Thunder to the Dominant (Гроза авторитетов)</a>. HSF.narod.ru</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underdog&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuono2001" class="citation journal cs1">Buono, Derek (January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Radio_Control_Car_Action_Magazine_2001-01/page/n63/mode/2up">"2000 IFMAR Electric On-Road Worlds"</a>. <i>Radio Control Car Action</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Control+Car+Action&rft.atitle=Battle+of+Britain%3A+IFMAR+Electric+On-Road+World+Champs+%26+ISTC+World+Cups&rft.date=1998-11&rft.aulast=Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=George+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FRadio_Control_Car_Action_Magazine_1998-11%2Fpage%2Fn37%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderdog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaswellMcDonaghEmery1998" class="citation journal cs1">Haswell, Mike; McDonagh, Jamie; Emery, Peter (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.efra.ws/1998-pro-10-wc-south-tyneside-great-britain/">"Welcome to OnTrack '98 with RCCi"</a>. <i>Radio Controlled Car International (OnTrack Supplement)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Controlled+Car+International+%28OnTrack+Supplement%29&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+OnTrack+%2798+with+RCCi&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Haswell&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.au=McDonagh%2C+Jamie&rft.au=Emery%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.efra.ws%2F1998-pro-10-wc-south-tyneside-great-britain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderdog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaswell2002" class="citation journal cs1">Haswell, Mike (August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.efra.ws/2002-1-12th-wc-krugersdorp-south-africa/">"On-Road Worlds 2002"</a>. <i>Radio Controlled Car International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Controlled+Car+International&rft.atitle=On-Road+Worlds+2002&rft.date=2002-08&rft.aulast=Haswell&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.efra.ws%2F2002-1-12th-wc-krugersdorp-south-africa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderdog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpinner2008" class="citation journal cs1">Spinner, Colin (September 2008). "Interview with a Legend". <i>Radio Controlled Car Racer</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Controlled+Car+Racer&rft.atitle=Interview+with+a+Legend&rft.date=2008-09&rft.aulast=Spinner&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderdog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogelVieira2002" class="citation journal cs1">Vogel, Greg; Vieira, Peter (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Radio_Control_Car_Action_Magazine_2002-08/page/n59/mode/2up">"IFMAR Electric Worlds: On-Road Upset! Tamiya Takes Touring Worlds"</a>. <i>Radio Control Car Action</i>. Wilton, Connecticut: Air Age Media: 138<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Control+Car+Action&rft.atitle=IFMAR+Electric+Worlds%3A+On-Road+Upset%21+Tamiya+Takes+Touring+Worlds&rft.pages=138&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Vogel&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft.au=Vieira%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FRadio_Control_Car_Action_Magazine_2002-08%2Fpage%2Fn59%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderdog" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underdog&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/underdog" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:underdog">underdog</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/top-dog.html">"The meaning and origin of the expression: Top dog"</a>. The Phrase Finder<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Maria (Philippine fairy tale)">Maria</a> (Philippines)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ochikubo_Monogatari" title="Ochikubo Monogatari">Ochikubo Monogatari</a></i> (Japanese)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rhodopis" title="Rhodopis">Rhodopis</a>" (Greek)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushen_Coatie" title="Rushen Coatie">Rushen Coatie</a> (Scottish)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sharp_Grey_Sheep" title="The Sharp Grey Sheep">The Sharp Grey Sheep</a> (Scottish)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_T%E1%BA%A5m_and_C%C3%A1m" title="The Story of Tấm and Cám">The Story of Tấm and Cám</a> (Vietnamese)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sumiyoshi_Monogatari" title="Sumiyoshi Monogatari">Sumiyoshi Monogatari</a></i> (Japanese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_True_Bride" title="The True Bride">The True Bride</a> (German)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Birch" title="The Wonderful Birch">The Wonderful Birch</a> (Russian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Xian" title="Ye Xian">Ye Xian</a> (Chinese)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Vidrio" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacinda Vidrio">Jacinda Vidrio</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catskin" title="Catskin">Catskin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods" title="Into the Woods">Into the Woods</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods_(film)" title="Into the Woods (film)">Into the Woods</a></i> (2014 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politically_Correct_Bedtime_Stories" title="Politically Correct Bedtime Stories">Politically Correct Bedtime Stories</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Disney%27s_Cinderella_characters" title="List of Disney's Cinderella characters">Disney's characters</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stop!_Look!_and_Laugh!" title="Stop! Look! and Laugh!">Stop! Look! and Laugh!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waltz_Suite_(Prokofiev)" title="Waltz Suite (Prokofiev)">Waltz Suite</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Cinderella_Two_Goes_East" title="Black Cinderella Two Goes East">Black Cinderella Two Goes East</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella%27s_Stepsister" title="Cinderella's Stepsister">Cinderella's Stepsister</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cinderella</a> (sports)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lying_to_Be_Perfect" title="Lying to Be Perfect">Lying to Be Perfect</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xuxa_em_O_Mist%C3%A9rio_de_Feiurinha" title="Xuxa em O Mistério de Feiurinha">Xuxa em O Mistério de Feiurinha</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella%27s_Eyes" title="Cinderella's Eyes">Cinderella's Eyes</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Breaks_the_Internet" title="Ralph Breaks the Internet">Ralph Breaks the Internet</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Male<br />versions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Askeladden" title="Askeladden">Askeladden</a> or Boots (Norwegian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Boy_(Japanese_folktale)" title="Fire Boy (Japanese folktale)">Fire Boy</a> (Japanese)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Media</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(1899_film)" title="Cinderella (1899 film)">Cinderella</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_or_the_Glass_Slipper" title="Cinderella or the Glass Slipper">Cinderella or the Glass Slipper</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(1914_film)" title="Cinderella (1914 film)">Cinderella</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Lowland_Cinderella" title="A Lowland Cinderella">A Lowland Cinderella</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Kiss_for_Cinderella_(film)" title="A Kiss for Cinderella (film)">A Kiss for Cinderella</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ella_Cinders_(film)" title="Ella Cinders (film)">Ella Cinders</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Shoes_(1935_film)" title="The Magic Shoes (1935 film)">The Magic Shoes</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/First_Love_(1939_film)" title="First Love (1939 film)">First Love</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Princess_Cinderella" title="Princess Cinderella">Princess Cinderella</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(1947_film)" title="Cinderella (1947 film)">Cinderella</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Glass_Slipper_(film)" title="The Glass Slipper (film)">The Glass Slipper</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(1955_film)" title="Cinderella (1955 film)">Cinderella</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderfella" title="Cinderfella">Cinderfella</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stop!_Look!_and_Laugh!" title="Stop! Look! and Laugh!">Stop! Look! and Laugh!</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/More_Than_a_Miracle" title="More Than a Miracle">More Than a Miracle</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C5%99i_o%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1ky_pro_Popelku" class="mw-redirect" title="Tři oříšky pro Popelku">Tři oříšky pro Popelku</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Slipper_and_the_Rose" title="The Slipper and the Rose">The Slipper and the Rose</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(1979_film)" title="Cinderella (1979 film)">Cinderella</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_%2780" title="Cinderella '80">Cinderella '80</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maid_to_Order" title="Maid to Order">Maid to Order</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lua_de_Cristal" title="Lua de Cristal">Lua de Cristal</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/If_the_Shoe_Fits_(film)" title="If the Shoe Fits (film)">If the Shoe Fits</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ever_After" title="Ever After">Ever After</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ella_Enchanted_(film)" title="Ella Enchanted (film)">Ella Enchanted</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(2006_film)" title="Cinderella (2006 film)">Cinderella</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elle:_A_Modern_Cinderella_Tale" title="Elle: A Modern Cinderella Tale">Elle: A Modern Cinderella Tale</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rags_(2012_film)" title="Rags (2012 film)">Rags</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(2021_American_film)" title="Cinderella (2021 American film)">Cinderella</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sneakerella" title="Sneakerella">Sneakerella</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/A_Cinderella_Story_(film_series)" title="A Cinderella Story (film series)"><i>A Cinderella Story</i> series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cinderella_Story" title="A Cinderella Story">A Cinderella Story</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Another_Cinderella_Story" title="Another Cinderella Story">Another Cinderella Story</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cinderella_Story:_Once_Upon_a_Song" title="A Cinderella Story: Once Upon a Song">Once Upon a Song</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cinderella_Story:_If_the_Shoe_Fits" title="A Cinderella Story: If the Shoe Fits">If the Shoe Fits</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cinderella_Story:_Christmas_Wish" title="A Cinderella Story: Christmas Wish">Christmas Wish</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cinderella_Story:_Starstruck" title="A Cinderella Story: Starstruck">Starstruck</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(franchise)" title="Cinderella (franchise)">Disney's <i>Cinderella</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(1950_film)" title="Cinderella (1950 film)">Cinderella</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_II:_Dreams_Come_True" title="Cinderella II: Dreams Come True">Dreams Come True</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_III:_A_Twist_in_Time" title="Cinderella III: A Twist in Time">A Twist in Time</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(2015_American_film)" title="Cinderella (2015 American film)">Cinderella</a></i> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_Blues" title="Cinderella Blues">Cinderella Blues</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poor_Cinderella" title="Poor Cinderella">Poor Cinderella</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_Meets_Fella" title="Cinderella Meets Fella">Cinderella Meets Fella</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swing_Shift_Cinderella" title="Swing Shift Cinderella">Swing Shift Cinderella</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Fistory" title="Ancient Fistory">Ancient Fistory</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%B1orella_and_the_Glass_Huarache" title="Señorella and the Glass Huarache">Señorella and the Glass Huarache</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(1979_film)" title="Cinderella (1979 film)">Cinderella</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tender_Tale_of_Cinderella_Penguin" title="The Tender Tale of Cinderella Penguin">The Tender Tale of Cinderella Penguin</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Riddle" title="The Magic Riddle">The Magic Riddle</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Happily_N%27Ever_After" title="Happily N'Ever After">Happily N'Ever After</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Year_of_the_Fish" title="Year of the Fish">Year of the Fish</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_the_Cat" title="Cinderella the Cat">Cinderella the Cat</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charming_(film)" title="Charming (film)">Charming</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_and_the_Secret_Prince" title="Cinderella and the Secret Prince">Cinderella and the Secret Prince</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hey,_Cinderella!" title="Hey, Cinderella!">Hey, Cinderella!</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cindy_(film)" title="Cindy (film)">Cindy</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(TV_series)" title="Cinderella (TV series)">Cinderella Monogatari</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(1997_film)" title="Cinderella (1997 film)">Cinderella</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CinderElmo" title="CinderElmo">CinderElmo</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(2000_film)" title="Cinderella (2000 film)">Cinderella</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Was_a_Rat" title="I Was a Rat">I Was a Rat/Cinderella and Me</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Cenicienta_(TV_series)" title="La Cenicienta (TV series)">La Cenicienta</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bawang_Merah_Bawang_Putih_(TV_series)" title="Bawang Merah Bawang Putih (TV series)">Bawang Merah Bawang Putih</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Floricienta" title="Floricienta">Floricienta</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Floribella#Floribella_Brazil" title="Floribella">Floribella</a></i> (2005 Brazil)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Floribella#Portugal" title="Floribella">Floribella</a></i> (2006 Portugal)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grazilda" title="Grazilda">Grazilda</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rags_(2012_film)" title="Rags (2012 film)">Rags</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aik_Nayee_Cinderella" title="Aik Nayee Cinderella">Aik Nayee Cinderella</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Descendants:_The_Rise_of_Red" title="Descendants: The Rise of Red">Descendants: The Rise of Red</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary<br />adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Celestina_(novel)" title="Celestina (novel)">Celestina</a></i> (1791)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ella_Cinders" title="Ella Cinders">Ella Cinders</a></i> (1925–1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella,_or_the_Little_Glass_Slipper" title="Cinderella, or the Little Glass Slipper">Cinderella, or the Little Glass Slipper</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nine_Coaches_Waiting" title="Nine Coaches Waiting">Nine Coaches Waiting</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Coachman_Rat" title="The Coachman Rat">The Coachman Rat</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witches_Abroad" title="Witches Abroad">Witches Abroad</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ella_Enchanted" title="Ella Enchanted">Ella Enchanted</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Was_a_Rat!:_or,_The_Scarlet_Slippers" class="mw-redirect" title="I Was a Rat!: or, The Scarlet Slippers">I Was a Rat!: or, The Scarlet Slippers</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Just_Ella" title="Just Ella">Just Ella</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Confessions_of_an_Ugly_Stepsister" title="Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister">Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cinderella" title="Chinese Cinderella">Chinese Cinderella</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fairy_Godmother_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fairy Godmother (novel)">The Fairy Godmother</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_and_Ashes" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix and Ashes">Phoenix and Ashes</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bella_at_Midnight" title="Bella at Midnight">Bella at Midnight</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ash_(novel)" title="Ash (novel)">Ash</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Glass" title="Princess of Glass">Princess of Glass</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinder_(novel)" title="Cinder (novel)">Cinder</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opera</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cendrillon_(Isouard)" title="Cendrillon (Isouard)">Cendrillon</a></i> (1810 Isouard)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Cenerentola" title="La Cenerentola">La Cenerentola</a></i> (1817 Rossini)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cendrillon" title="Cendrillon">Cendrillon</a></i> (1899 Massenet)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cendrillon_(Viardot)" title="Cendrillon (Viardot)">Cendrillon</a></i> (1904 Viardot)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Cenicienta" title="La Cenicienta">La Cenicienta</a></i> (1966 Hen)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(Deutscher)" title="Cinderella (Deutscher)">Cinderella</a></i> (2016 Deutscher)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(Fitinhof-Schell)" title="Cinderella (Fitinhof-Schell)">Cinderella</a></i> (1893 Fitinhof-Schell)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aschenbr%C3%B6del" title="Aschenbrödel">Aschenbrödel</a></i> (1900 Strauss-Bayer)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(Prokofiev)" title="Cinderella (Prokofiev)">Cinderella</a></i> (1945 Prokofiev)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(Ashton)" title="Cinderella (Ashton)">Cinderella</a></i> (1948 Ashton)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_and_the_Prince,_or_The_Castle_of_Heart%27s_Desire" title="Cinderella and the Prince, or The Castle of Heart's Desire">Cinderella and the Prince, or The Castle of Heart's Desire</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Stubborn_Cinderella" title="A Stubborn Cinderella">A Stubborn Cinderella</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Cinders" title="Mr. Cinders">Mr. Cinders</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(Rodgers_and_Hammerstein_musical)" title="Cinderella (Rodgers and Hammerstein musical)">Cinderella</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cindy_(musical)" title="Cindy (musical)">Cindy</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Penny_Friend" title="The Penny Friend">The Penny Friend</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Slipper_and_the_Rose_(musical)" title="The Slipper and the Rose (musical)">The Slipper and the Rose</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods" title="Into the Woods">Into the Woods</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soho_Cinders" title="Soho Cinders">Soho Cinders</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rodgers_%2B_Hammerstein%27s_Cinderella_(Beane_musical)" title="Rodgers + Hammerstein's Cinderella (Beane musical)">Cinderella</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(Lloyd_Webber_musical)" title="Cinderella (Lloyd Webber musical)">Cinderella</a></i> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Plays <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Kiss_for_Cinderella" title="A Kiss for Cinderella">A Kiss for Cinderella</a></i> (1916)</li></ul></li> <li>Comics <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella:_From_Fabletown_with_Love" title="Cinderella: From Fabletown with Love">Cinderella: From Fabletown with Love</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderalla" title="Cinderalla">Cinderalla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ella_Cinders" title="Ella Cinders">Ella Cinders</a></i> (1925–1961)</li></ul></li> <li>Games <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinders_(video_game)" title="Cinders (video game)">Cinders</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Pantomime <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinderella" title="Sinderella">Sinderella</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Spread_a_Little_Happiness" title="Spread a Little Happiness">Spread a Little Happiness</a>" (1929)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo" title="Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo">Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo</a>" (1949)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Dream_Is_a_Wish_Your_Heart_Makes" title="A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes">A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes</a>" (1950)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(Vince_Gill_song)" title="Cinderella (Vince Gill song)">Cinderella</a>" (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hey_Cinderella" title="Hey Cinderella">Hey Cinderella</a>" (1993)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Midnight_Cinderella" title="It's Midnight Cinderella">It's Midnight Cinderella</a>" (1996)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(Sweetbox_song)" title="Cinderella (Sweetbox song)">Cinderella</a>" (2001)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(Shakaya_song)" title="Cinderella (Shakaya song)">Cinderella</a>" (2002)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(i5_song)" title="Cinderella (i5 song)">Cinderella</a>" (2003)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stealing_Cinderella" title="Stealing Cinderella">Stealing Cinderella</a>" (2007)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(Steven_Curtis_Chapman_song)" title="Cinderella (Steven Curtis Chapman song)">Cinderella</a>" (2007)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/C%5CC_(Cinderella%5CComplex)" title="C\C (Cinderella\Complex)">C\C (Cinderella\Complex)</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bad_Cinderella" class="mw-redirect" title="Bad Cinderella">Bad Cinderella</a>" (2020)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Million_to_One" title="Million to One">Million to One</a>" (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cinderella_Story_(soundtrack)" title="A Cinderella Story (soundtrack)">A Cinderella Story</a></i> (2004 soundtrack)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Disney%27s_Princess_Favorites" title="Disney's Princess Favorites">Disney's Princess Favorites</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(2013_cast_album)" title="Cinderella (2013 cast album)">Cinderella</a></i> (2013 cast album)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella:_Original_Motion_Picture_Soundtrack" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinderella: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack">Cinderella</a></i> (2015 soundtrack)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(2021_soundtrack)" title="Cinderella (2021 soundtrack)">Cinderella</a></i> (2021 soundtrack)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sociology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_complex" title="Cinderella complex">Cinderella complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_effect" title="Cinderella effect">Cinderella effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cinderella_Movement" title="The Cinderella Movement">The Cinderella Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Coach_for_Cinderella" title="A Coach for Cinderella">A Coach for Cinderella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Ride_for_Cinderella" title="A Ride for Cinderella">A Ride for Cinderella</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adult</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinder_Ellen_up_too_Late" title="Cinder Ellen up too Late">Cinder Ellen up too Late</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(1977_film)" title="Cinderella (1977 film)">Cinderella</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naughty_Cinderella" title="Naughty Cinderella">Naughty Cinderella</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cinderella" title="Category:Cinderella">Category</a></li></ul> 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