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states</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: relaxed states"> <meta name="keywords" content="relaxed states"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="relaxed states"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3028</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: relaxed states</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3028</span> Geometry of the Bandaging Procedure and Its Application while Wrapping Bandages for Treatment of Leg Ulcers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monica%20Puri%20Sikka">Monica Puri Sikka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subrato%20Ghosh%20Arunangshu%20Mukhopadhyay"> Subrato Ghosh Arunangshu Mukhopadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Appropriate compression bandaging is important for compression therapeutic medical diseases. The high compression approach employed for treating venous leg ulcers should be used correctly so that sufficient (but not excessive) pressure is applied. Bandages used to treat venous disease by compression should achieve and sustain effective levels and gradients of pressure and minimise the risk of pressure trauma. To maintain graduated compression on the limb the bandage needs to be applied at same tension for each layer from ankle to the knee. In this paper the geometry for various bandaging procedures is used to wrap each layer of bandage by marking the relaxed length of the bandage. The relaxed length is calculated depending on the stretch, average circumference of the limb on which it is to be applied and the bandaging technique to be used. This paper aims at developing a scientific approach while applying the bandage to reduce the inter operator variability in applying same tension on each successive layer of bandage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandaging" title="bandaging">bandaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression" title=" compression"> compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter%20operator%20variability" title=" inter operator variability"> inter operator variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graduated" title=" graduated"> graduated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relaxed%20length" title=" relaxed length"> relaxed length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stretch" title=" stretch"> stretch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6870/geometry-of-the-bandaging-procedure-and-its-application-while-wrapping-bandages-for-treatment-of-leg-ulcers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3027</span> Dynamic Programming Based Algorithm for the Unit Commitment of the Transmission-Constrained Multi-Site Combined Heat and Power System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rong">A. Rong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20B.%20Luh"> P. B. Luh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Lahdelma"> R. Lahdelma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES) such as solar power and wind power into the energy system has caused temporal and spatial imbalance between electric power supply and demand for some countries and regions. This brings about the critical need for coordinating power production and power exchange for different regions. As compared with the power-only systems, the combined heat and power (CHP) systems can provide additional flexibility of utilizing RES by exploiting the interdependence of power and heat production in the CHP plant. In the CHP system, power production can be influenced by adjusting heat production level and electric power can be used to satisfy heat demand by electric boiler or heat pump in conjunction with heat storage, which is much cheaper than electric storage. This paper addresses multi-site CHP systems without considering RES, which lay foundation for handling penetration of RES. The problem under study is the unit commitment (UC) of the transmission-constrained multi-site CHP systems. We solve the problem by combining linear relaxation of ON/OFF states and sequential dynamic programming (DP) techniques, where relaxed states are used to reduce the dimension of the UC problem and DP for improving the solution quality. Numerical results for daily scheduling with realistic models and data show that DP-based algorithm is from a few to a few hundred times faster than CPLEX (standard commercial optimization software) with good solution accuracy (less than 1% relative gap from the optimal solution on the average). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20programming" title="dynamic programming">dynamic programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-site%20combined%20heat%20and%20power%20system" title=" multi-site combined heat and power system"> multi-site combined heat and power system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relaxed%20states" title=" relaxed states"> relaxed states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission-constrained%20generation%20unit%20commitment" title=" transmission-constrained generation unit commitment"> transmission-constrained generation unit commitment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48533/dynamic-programming-based-algorithm-for-the-unit-commitment-of-the-transmission-constrained-multi-site-combined-heat-and-power-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3026</span> Strain-Driven Bidirectional Spin Orientation Control in Epitaxial High Entropy Oxide Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhibo%20Zhao">Zhibo Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Horst%20Hahn"> Horst Hahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Kruk"> Robert Kruk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhisheck%20Sarkar"> Abhisheck Sarkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High entropy oxides (HEOs), based on the incorporation of multiple-principal cations into the crystal lattice, offer the possibility to explore previously inaccessible oxide compositions and unconventional properties. Here it is demonstrated that despite the chemical complexity of HEOs external stimuli, such as epitaxial strain, can selectively stabilize certain magneto-electronic states. Epitaxial (Co₀.₂Cr₀.₂Fe₀.₂Mn₀.₂Ni₀.₂)₃O₄-HEO thin films are grown in three different strain states: tensile, compressive, and relaxed. A unique coexistence of rocksalt and spinel-HEO phases, which are fully coherent with no detectable chemical segregation, is revealed by transmission electron microscopy. This dual-phase coexistence appears as a universal phenomenon in (Co₀.₂Cr₀.₂Fe₀.₂Mn₀.₂Ni₀.₂)₃O₄ epitaxial films. Prominent changes in the magnetic anisotropy and domain structure highlight the strain-induced bidirectional control of magnetic properties in HEOs. When the films are relaxed, their magnetization behavior is isotropic, similar to that of bulk materials. However, under tensile strain, the hardness of the out-of-plane (OOP) axis increases significantly. On the other hand, compressive straining results in an easy OOP magnetization and a maze-like magnetic domain structure, indicating perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Generally, this study emphasizes the adaptability of the high entropy design strategy, which, when combined with coherent strain engineering, opens additional prospects for fine-tuning properties in oxides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20entropy%20oxides" title="high entropy oxides">high entropy oxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20tuning" title=" strain tuning"> strain tuning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perpendicular%20magnetic%20anistropy" title=" perpendicular magnetic anistropy"> perpendicular magnetic anistropy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181120/strain-driven-bidirectional-spin-orientation-control-in-epitaxial-high-entropy-oxide-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3025</span> A Comparison of Bias Among Relaxed Divisor Methods Using 3 Bias Measurements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumachaya%20Harnsukworapanich">Sumachaya Harnsukworapanich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsuo%20Ichimori"> Tetsuo Ichimori </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The apportionment method is used by many countries, to calculate the distribution of seats in political bodies. For example, this method is used in the United States (U.S.) to distribute house seats proportionally based on the population of the electoral district. Famous apportionment methods include the divisor methods called the Adams Method, Dean Method, Hill Method, Jefferson Method and Webster Method. Sometimes the results from the implementation of these divisor methods are unfair and include errors. Therefore, it is important to examine the optimization of this method by using a bias measurement to figure out precise and fair results. In this research we investigate the bias of divisor methods in the U.S. Houses of Representatives toward large and small states by applying the Stolarsky Mean Method. We compare the bias of the apportionment method by using two famous bias measurements: The Balinski and Young measurement and the Ernst measurement. Both measurements have a formula for large and small states. The Third measurement however, which was created by the researchers, did not factor in the element of large and small states into the formula. All three measurements are compared and the results show that our measurement produces similar results to the other two famous measurements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apportionment" title="apportionment">apportionment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bias" title=" bias"> bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divisor" title=" divisor"> divisor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fair" title=" fair"> fair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement" title=" measurement"> measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31156/a-comparison-of-bias-among-relaxed-divisor-methods-using-3-bias-measurements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3024</span> The Trade Flow of Small Association Agreements When Rules of Origin Are Relaxed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmat%20Kamel">Esmat Kamel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to shed light on the extent to which the Agadir Association agreement has fostered inter regional trade between the E.U_26 and the Agadir_4 countries; once that we control for the evolution of Agadir agreement’s exports to the rest of the world. The next valid question will be regarding any remarkable variation in the spatial/sectoral structure of exports, and to what extent has it been induced by the Agadir agreement itself and precisely after the adoption of rules of origin and the PANEURO diagonal cumulative scheme? The paper’s empirical dataset covering a timeframe from [2000 -2009] was designed to account for sector specific export and intermediate flows and the bilateral structured gravity model was custom tailored to capture sector and regime specific rules of origin and the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood Estimator was used to calculate the gravity equation. The methodological approach of this work is considered to be a threefold one which starts first by conducting a ‘Hierarchal Cluster Analysis’ to classify final export flows showing a certain degree of linkage between each other. The analysis resulted in three main sectoral clusters of exports between Agadir_4 and E.U_26: cluster 1 for Petrochemical related sectors, cluster 2 durable goods and finally cluster 3 for heavy duty machinery and spare parts sectors. Second step continues by taking export flows resulting from the 3 clusters to be subject to treatment with diagonal Rules of origin through ‘The Double Differences Approach’, versus an equally comparable untreated control group. Third step is to verify results through a robustness check applied by ‘Propensity Score Matching’ to validate that the same sectoral final export and intermediate flows increased when rules of origin were relaxed. Through all the previous analysis, a remarkable and partial significance of the interaction term combining both treatment effects and time for the coefficients of 13 out of the 17 covered sectors turned out to be partially significant and it further asserted that treatment with diagonal rules of origin contributed in increasing Agadir’s_4 final and intermediate exports to the E.U._26 on average by 335% and in changing Agadir_4 exports structure and composition to the E.U._26 countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agadir%20association%20agreement" title="agadir association agreement">agadir association agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structured%20gravity%20model" title=" structured gravity model"> structured gravity model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchal%20cluster%20analysis" title=" hierarchal cluster analysis"> hierarchal cluster analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20differences%20estimation" title=" double differences estimation"> double differences estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20score%20matching" title=" propensity score matching"> propensity score matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagonal%20and%20relaxed%20rules%20of%20origin" title=" diagonal and relaxed rules of origin"> diagonal and relaxed rules of origin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61737/the-trade-flow-of-small-association-agreements-when-rules-of-origin-are-relaxed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3023</span> Thermomechanical Effects and Nanoscale Ripples in Graphene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roderick%20Melnik">Roderick Melnik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Prabhakar"> Sanjay Prabhakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relaxed state of graphene nanostructures due to externally applied tensile stress along both the armchair and zigzag directions are analyzed in detail. The results, obtained with the Finite Element Method (FEM), demonstrate that the amplitude of ripple waves in such nanostructures increases with temperature. Details of the multi-scale multi-physics computational procedure developed for this analysis are also provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructures" title="nanostructures">nanostructures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupled%20processes" title=" coupled processes"> coupled processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer-aided%20design" title=" computer-aided design"> computer-aided design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnological%20applications" title=" nanotechnological applications"> nanotechnological applications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3549/thermomechanical-effects-and-nanoscale-ripples-in-graphene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3022</span> The Effect of Low Power Laser on CK and Some of Markers Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahareh%20Yazdanparast%20Chaharmahali">Bahareh Yazdanparast Chaharmahali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study showed effect of low power laser therapy on knee range of motion (flexion and extension), resting angle of knee joint, knee circumference and rating of delayed onset muscle soreness induced pain, 24 and 48 hours after eccentric training of knee flexor muscle (hamstring muscle). We investigate the effects of pulsed ultrasound on swelling, relaxed, flexion and extension knee angle and pain. 20 volunteers among girl students of college voluntary participated in this research. After eccentric training, subjects were randomly divided into two groups, control and laser therapy. In day 1 and in order to induce delayed onset muscle soreness, subjects eccentrically trained their knee flexor muscles. In day 2, subjects were randomly divided into two groups: control and low power laser therapy. 24 and 48 hours after eccentric training. Variables (knee flexion and extension, srang of motion, resting knee joint angle and knee circumferences) were measured and analyzed. Data are reported as means ± standard error (SE) and repeated measured was used to assess differences within groups. Methods of treatment (low power laser therapy) have significant effects on delayed onset muscle soreness markers. 24 and 48 hours after training a significant difference was observed between mean pains of 2 groups. This difference was significant between low power laser therapy and C groups. The Bonferroni post hock is significant. Low power laser therapy trophy as used in this study did significantly diminish the effects of delayed – onset muscle soreness on swelling, relaxed – knee extension and flexion angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creatine%20kinase" title="creatine kinase">creatine kinase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DOMS" title=" DOMS"> DOMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eccentric%20training" title=" eccentric training"> eccentric training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20power%20laser" title=" low power laser"> low power laser</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50388/the-effect-of-low-power-laser-on-ck-and-some-of-markers-delayed-onset-muscle-soreness-doms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3021</span> Spin Coherent States Without Squeezing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Dehghani">A. Dehghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Shirin"> S. Shirin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose in this article a new configuration of quantum states, |α, β> := |α>×|β>. Which are composed of vector products of two different copies of spin coherent states, |α> and |β>. Some mathematical as well as physical properties of such states are discussed. For instance, it has been shown that the cross products of two coherent vectors remain coherent again. They admit a resolution of the identity through positive definite measures on the complex plane. They represent packets similar to the true coherent states, in other words we would not expect to take spin squeezing in any of the field quadratures Lˆx, Lˆy and Lˆz. Depending on the particular choice of parameters in the above scenarios, they can be converted into the so-called Dicke states which minimize the uncertainty relations of each pair of the angular momentum components. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20%28Cross-%29products" title="vector (Cross-)products">vector (Cross-)products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20uncertainty" title=" minimum uncertainty"> minimum uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angular%20momentum" title=" angular momentum"> angular momentum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement" title=" measurement"> measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dicke%20states" title=" Dicke states"> Dicke states</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30477/spin-coherent-states-without-squeezing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3020</span> The Exploration of the Physical Properties of the Combinations of Selenium-Based Ternary Chalcogenides AScSe₂ (A=K, Cs) for Photovoltaic Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Asma">Ayesha Asma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqsa%20Arooj"> Aqsa Arooj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is an essential need in this era of Science and Technology to investigate some unique and appropriate materials for optoelectronic applications. Here, we deliberated, for the first time, the structural, optoelectronic, mechanical, vibrational, and thermo dynamical properties of hexagonal structure selenium-based ternary chalcogenides AScSe₂ (A= K, Cs) by using Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof Generalized-Gradient-Approximation (PBE-GGA). The lattice angles for these materials are found as α=β=90o and γ=120o. KScSe₂ optimized with lattice parameters a=b=4.3 (Å), c=7.81 (Å) whereas CsScSe₂ got relaxed at a=b=4.43 (Å) and c=8.51 (Å). However, HSE06 functional has overestimated the lattice parameters to the extent that for KScSe₂ a=b=4.92 (Å), c=7.10 (Å), and CsScSe₂ a=b=5.15 (Å), c=7.09 (Å). The energy band gap of these materials calculated via PBE-GGA and HSE06 functionals confirms their semiconducting nature. Concerning Born’s criteria, these materials are mechanically stable ones. Moreover, the temperature dependence of thermodynamic potentials and specific heat at constant volume are also determined while using the harmonic approximation. The negative values of free energy ensure their thermodynamic stability. The vibrational modes are calculated by plotting the phonon dispersion and the vibrational density of states (VDOS), where infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the vibrational modes. The various optical parameters are examined at a smearing value of 0.5eV. These parameters unveil that these materials are good absorbers of incident light in ultra-violet (UV) regions and may be utilized in photovoltaic applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural" title="structural">structural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimized" title=" optimized"> optimized</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrational" title=" vibrational"> vibrational</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultraviolet" title=" ultraviolet"> ultraviolet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186437/the-exploration-of-the-physical-properties-of-the-combinations-of-selenium-based-ternary-chalcogenides-ascse2-ak-cs-for-photovoltaic-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">42</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3019</span> A Psychophysiological Evaluation of an Effective Recognition Technique Using Interactive Dynamic Virtual Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadhossein%20Moghimi">Mohammadhossein Moghimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Stone"> Robert Stone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pia%20Rotshtein"> Pia Rotshtein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recording psychological and physiological correlates of human performance within virtual environments and interpreting their impacts on human engagement, ‘immersion’ and related emotional or ‘effective’ states is both academically and technologically challenging. By exposing participants to an effective, real-time (game-like) virtual environment, designed and evaluated in an earlier study, a psychophysiological database containing the EEG, GSR and Heart Rate of 30 male and female gamers, exposed to 10 games, was constructed. Some 174 features were subsequently identified and extracted from a number of windows, with 28 different timing lengths (e.g. 2, 3, 5, etc. seconds). After reducing the number of features to 30, using a feature selection technique, K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods were subsequently employed for the classification process. The classifiers categorised the psychophysiological database into four effective clusters (defined based on a 3-dimensional space – valence, arousal and dominance) and eight emotion labels (relaxed, content, happy, excited, angry, afraid, sad, and bored). The KNN and SVM classifiers achieved average cross-validation accuracies of 97.01% (±1.3%) and 92.84% (±3.67%), respectively. However, no significant differences were found in the classification process based on effective clusters or emotion labels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title="virtual reality">virtual reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20computing" title=" effective computing"> effective computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20VR" title=" effective VR"> effective VR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion-based%20effective%20physiological%20database" title=" emotion-based effective physiological database"> emotion-based effective physiological database</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62691/a-psychophysiological-evaluation-of-an-effective-recognition-technique-using-interactive-dynamic-virtual-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3018</span> User Survey on Food and Drinks in Japanese Public Libraries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marika%20Kawamoto">Marika Kawamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keita%20Tsuji"> Keita Tsuji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several decades ago, food and drinks were disallowed in most Japanese libraries. However, as discussions of “Library as a Place” have increased in recent years, the number of public and university libraries that have relaxed their policies to allow food and drinks have been increasing. This study focused on the opinions of library users on allowing food and drinks in public libraries and conducted a questionnaire survey among users of nine Japanese libraries. The results indicated that many users favored allowing food and drinks in libraries. Furthermore, it was found that users tend to frequently visit and stay longer in libraries where food and drinks are allowed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20and%20drinks" title="food and drinks">food and drinks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese%20libraries" title=" Japanese libraries"> Japanese libraries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opinions%20of%20users" title=" opinions of users"> opinions of users</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20libraries" title=" public libraries"> public libraries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65532/user-survey-on-food-and-drinks-in-japanese-public-libraries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3017</span> Electronic States at SnO/SnO2 Heterointerfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Albar">A. Albar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Schwingenschlogel"> U. Schwingenschlogel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Device applications of transparent conducting oxides require a thorough understanding of the physical and chemical properties of the involved interfaces. We use ab-initio calculations within density functional theory to investigate the electronic states at the SnO/SnO2 hetero-interface. Tin dioxide and monoxide are transparent materials with high n-type and p-type mobilities, respectively. This work aims at exploring the modifications of the electronic states, in particular the charge transfer, in the vicinity of the hetero-interface. The (110) interface is modeled by a super-cell approach in order to minimize the mismatch between the lattice parameters of the two compounds. We discuss the electronic density of states as a function of the distance to the interface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20of%20states" title="density of states">density of states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ab-initio%20calculations" title=" ab-initio calculations"> ab-initio calculations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface%20states" title=" interface states"> interface states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20transfer" title=" charge transfer"> charge transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1949/electronic-states-at-snosno2-heterointerfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3016</span> Size Reduction of Images Using Constraint Optimization Approach for Machine Communications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chee%20Sun%20Won">Chee Sun Won</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the size reduction of images for machine-to-machine communications. Here, the salient image regions to be preserved include the image patches of the key-points such as corners and blobs. Based on a saliency image map from the key-points and their image patches, an axis-aligned grid-size optimization is proposed for the reduction of image size. To increase the size-reduction efficiency the aspect ratio constraint is relaxed in the constraint optimization framework. The proposed method yields higher matching accuracy after the size reduction than the conventional content-aware image size-reduction methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20compression" title="image compression">image compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20matching" title=" image matching"> image matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key-point%20detection%20and%20description" title=" key-point detection and description"> key-point detection and description</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine-to-machine%20communication" title=" machine-to-machine communication"> machine-to-machine communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67605/size-reduction-of-images-using-constraint-optimization-approach-for-machine-communications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3015</span> Insight2OSC: Using Electroencephalography (EEG) Rhythms from the Emotiv Insight for Musical Composition via Open Sound Control (OSC) </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Constanza%20Levic%C3%A1n">Constanza Levicán</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9s%20Aparicio"> Andrés Aparicio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodrigo%20F.%20C%C3%A1diz"> Rodrigo F. Cádiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The artistic usage of Brain-computer interfaces (BCI), initially intended for medical purposes, has increased in the past few years as they become more affordable and available for the general population. One interesting question that arises from this practice is whether it is possible to compose or perform music by using only the brain as a musical instrument. In order to approach this question, we propose a BCI for musical composition, based on the representation of some mental states as the musician thinks about sounds. We developed software, called Insight2OSC, that allows the usage of the Emotiv Insight device as a musical instrument, by sending the EEG data to audio processing software such as MaxMSP through the OSC protocol. We provide two compositional applications bundled with the software, which we call Mapping your Mental State and Thinking On. The signals produced by the brain have different frequencies (or rhythms) depending on the level of activity, and they are classified as one of the following waves: delta (0.5-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz), gamma (30-50 Hz). These rhythms have been found to be related to some recognizable mental states. For example, the delta rhythm is predominant in a deep sleep, while beta and gamma rhythms have higher amplitudes when the person is awake and very concentrated. Our first application (Mapping your Mental State) produces different sounds representing the mental state of the person: focused, active, relaxed or in a state similar to a deep sleep by the selection of the dominants rhythms provided by the EEG device. The second application relies on the physiology of the brain, which is divided into several lobes: frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital. The frontal lobe is related to abstract thinking and high-level functions, the parietal lobe conveys the stimulus of the body senses, the occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex and processes visual stimulus, the temporal lobe processes auditory information and it is important for memory tasks. In consequence, our second application (Thinking On) processes the audio output depending on the users’ brain activity as it activates a specific area of the brain that can be measured using the Insight device. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BCI" title="BCI">BCI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20composition" title=" music composition"> music composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotiv%20insight" title=" emotiv insight"> emotiv insight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OSC" title=" OSC"> OSC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64805/insight2osc-using-electroencephalography-eeg-rhythms-from-the-emotiv-insight-for-musical-composition-via-open-sound-control-osc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3014</span> Robust H∞ State Feedback Control for Discrete Time T-S Fuzzy Systems Based on Fuzzy Lyapunov Function Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walied%20Hanora">Walied Hanora</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the problem of robust state feedback H∞ for discrete time nonlinear system represented by Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems. Based on fuzzy lyapunov function, the condition ,which is represented in the form of Liner Matrix Inequalities (LMI), guarantees the H∞ performance of the T-S fuzzy system with uncertainties. By comparison with recent literature, this approach will be more relaxed condition. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the proposed result. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20lyapunov%20function" title="fuzzy lyapunov function">fuzzy lyapunov function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%E2%88%9E%20control" title=" H∞ control "> H∞ control </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20matrix%20inequalities" title=" linear matrix inequalities"> linear matrix inequalities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20feedback" title=" state feedback"> state feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T-S%20fuzzy%20systems" title=" T-S fuzzy systems"> T-S fuzzy systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58045/robust-h-state-feedback-control-for-discrete-time-t-s-fuzzy-systems-based-on-fuzzy-lyapunov-function-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3013</span> Quantum Fisher Information of Bound Entangled W-Like States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20Ozaydin">Fatih Ozaydin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quantum Fisher information (QFI) is a multipartite entanglement witness and recently it has been studied extensively with separability and entanglement in the focus. On the other hand, bound entanglement is a special phenomena observed in mixed entangled states. In this work, we study the QFI of W states under a four-dimensional entanglement binding channel. Starting with initally pure W states of several qubits, we find how the QFI decreases as two qubits of the W state is subject to entanglement binding. We also show that as the size of the W state increases, the effect of entanglement binding is decreased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quantum%20Fisher%20information" title="Quantum Fisher information">Quantum Fisher information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W%20states" title=" W states"> W states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bound%20entanglement" title=" bound entanglement"> bound entanglement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entanglement%20binding" title=" entanglement binding"> entanglement binding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15681/quantum-fisher-information-of-bound-entangled-w-like-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15681.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3012</span> Cognitive Behavioral Training to Enhance Performance and Well-Being in Collegiate Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelina%20Tarabokija">Angelina Tarabokija</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study looks into how cognitive behavioral training (CBT) techniques affect collegiate track and field athletes' anxiety related to performance, with a focus on distance runners. The goal of the research is to discover whether consistent use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) methods, such as progressive muscle relaxation, yoga (Y-CBT), visualization, relaxed breathing, and meditation, can reduce performance anxiety and improve sports performance. Six runners from the Rider Track & Field team, aged eighteen to twenty-three, participated in the quantitative research design used in the technique. Prior to employing CBT techniques every day for two weeks, including before competitions or on race day, participants conducted baseline assessments using the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2). The SAS-2 was used in post-competition evaluations to track alterations in performance anxiety. The findings show that participants' total trait anxiety levels significantly decreased after utilizing CBT techniques for one week. However, after two weeks, a few participants' anxiety levels slightly increased, pointing to the need for more research and regular practice. The study indicates that CBT approaches can effectively reduce performance anxiety and increase athletic performance in collegiate track and field athletes, despite constraints related to participant motivation and potential confounding variables. Future areas for research could entail examining the precise impacts of worry, interruption of attention, and bodily anxiety on performance, as well as adding more controls. Overall, by providing insights into evidence-based strategies to maximize mental states and athletic performance in collegiate athletes, this study advances the area of sports psychology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20behavioral%20training" title="cognitive behavioral training">cognitive behavioral training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletes" title=" athletes"> athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title=" anxiety"> anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well-being" title=" well-being"> well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAS-2" title=" SAS-2"> SAS-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sport" title=" Sport"> Sport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trait%20anxiety" title=" trait anxiety"> trait anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=somatic%20anxiety" title=" somatic anxiety"> somatic anxiety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193199/cognitive-behavioral-training-to-enhance-performance-and-well-being-in-collegiate-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">10</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3011</span> Hidden Markov Model for the Simulation Study of Neural States and Intentionality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20B.%20Mishra">R. B. Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hidden Markov Model (HMM) has been used in prediction and determination of states that generate different neural activations as well as mental working conditions. This paper addresses two applications of HMM; one to determine the optimal sequence of states for two neural states: Active (AC) and Inactive (IA) for the three emission (observations) which are for No Working (NW), Waiting (WT) and Working (W) conditions of human beings. Another is for the determination of optimal sequence of intentionality i.e. Believe (B), Desire (D), and Intention (I) as the states and three observational sequences: NW, WT and W. The computational results are encouraging and useful. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hiden%20markov%20model" title="hiden markov model">hiden markov model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=believe%20desire%20intention" title=" believe desire intention"> believe desire intention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20activation" title=" neural activation"> neural activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31030/hidden-markov-model-for-the-simulation-study-of-neural-states-and-intentionality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3010</span> Multi-Level Meta-Modeling for Enabling Dynamic Subtyping for Industrial Automation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoltan%20Theisz">Zoltan Theisz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gergely%20Mezei"> Gergely Mezei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern industrial automation relies on service oriented concepts of Internet of Things (IoT) device modeling in order to provide a flexible and extendable environment for service meta-repository. However, state-of-the-art meta-modeling techniques prefer design-time modeling, which results in a heavy usage of class sometimes unnecessary static subtyping. Although this approach benefits from clear-cut object-oriented design principles, it also seals the model repository for further dynamic extensions. In this paper, a dynamic multi-level modeling approach is introduced that enables dynamic subtyping through a more relaxed partial instantiation mechanism. The approach is demonstrated on a simple sensor network example. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-modeling" title="meta-modeling">meta-modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20subtyping" title=" dynamic subtyping"> dynamic subtyping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DMLA" title=" DMLA"> DMLA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20automation" title=" industrial automation"> industrial automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arrowhead" title=" arrowhead"> arrowhead</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58486/multi-level-meta-modeling-for-enabling-dynamic-subtyping-for-industrial-automation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3009</span> Competing Interactions, and Magnetization Dynamics in Doped Rare-Earth Manganites Nanostructural System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiqar%20Hussain%20Shah">Wiqar Hussain Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Structural, magnetic and transport behavior of La1-xCaxMnO3+ (x=0.48, 0.50, 0.52 and 0.55 and =0.015) compositions close to charge ordering, was studied through XRD, resistivity, DC magnetization and AC susceptibility measurements. With time and thermal cycling (T<300 K) there is an irreversible transformation of the low-temperature phase from a partially ferromagnetic and metallic to one that is less ferromagnetic and highly resistive. For instance, an increase of resistivity can be observed by thermal cycling, where no effect is obtained for lower Ca concentration. The time changes in the magnetization are logarithmic in general and activation energies are consistent with those expected for electron transfer between Mn ions. The data suggest that oxygen non-stoichiometry results in mechanical strains in this two-phase system, leading to the development of irreversible metastable states, which relax towards the more stable charge-ordered and antiferromagnetic microdomains at the nano-meter size. This behavior is interpreted in terms of strains induced charge localization at the interface between FM/AFM domains in the antiferromagnetic matrix. Charge, orbital ordering and phase separation play a prominent role in the appearance of such properties, since they can be modified in a spectacular manner by external factor, making the different physical properties metastable. Here we describe two factors that deeply modify those properties, viz. the doping concentration and the thermal cycling. The metastable state is recovered by the high temperature annealing. We also measure the magnetic relaxation in the metastable state and also the revival of the metastable state (in a relaxed sample) due to high temperature (800 ) thermal treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rare-earth%20maganites" title="Rare-earth maganites">Rare-earth maganites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-structural%20materials" title=" nano-structural materials"> nano-structural materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doping%20effects%20on%20electrical" title=" doping effects on electrical"> doping effects on electrical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20properties" title=" magnetic properties"> magnetic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competing%20interactions" title=" competing interactions"> competing interactions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124247/competing-interactions-and-magnetization-dynamics-in-doped-rare-earth-manganites-nanostructural-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3008</span> The Withdrawal of African States from the International Criminal Court</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allwell%20Uwazuruike">Allwell Uwazuruike</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the withdrawal, in 2016, of 3 African states from the ICC, the discourse took an interesting twist. African states, or at least some of them, had now shown their resolve to part ways with the ICC and, by implication, focus on further enthroning regional control and governance through an improved continental justice system. A range of views has been expressed over the years on the allegations of bias by some African states and the continued membership of the ICC. While there may be a split on the merits of the allegations of bias, academic analysts have generally not opposed African states’ membership of the ICC nor been particularly optimistic about the prospects of an African criminal court. There is also a degree of ambivalence on whether there are positives to be taken from African states’ withdrawal from the ICC. This article examines the recent developments with the ICC and analyses whether these could be viewed from the positive (or, at least, alternative) spectrum of the AU’s spirited march towards regional sovereignty or entirely negatively from the point of view of African Heads-of-State seeking to enthrone an era of authoritarianism and non-accountability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20criminal%20court" title="international criminal court">international criminal court</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa" title=" Africa"> Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regionalism" title=" regionalism"> regionalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminal%20justice" title=" criminal justice"> criminal justice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82258/the-withdrawal-of-african-states-from-the-international-criminal-court" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3007</span> Solving Optimal Control of Semilinear Elliptic Variational Inequalities Obstacle Problems using Smoothing Functions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Hassene%20Osmani">El Hassene Osmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Haddou"> Mounir Haddou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naceurdine%20Bensalem"> Naceurdine Bensalem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we investigate optimal control problems governed by semilinear elliptic variational inequalities involving constraints on the state, and more precisely, the obstacle problem. We present a relaxed formulation for the problem using smoothing functions. Since we adopt a numerical point of view, we first relax the feasible domain of the problem, then using both mathematical programming methods and penalization methods, we get optimality conditions with smooth Lagrange multipliers. Some numerical experiments using IPOPT algorithm (Interior Point Optimizer) are presented to verify the efficiency of our approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complementarity%20problem" title="complementarity problem">complementarity problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IPOPT" title=" IPOPT"> IPOPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lagrange%20multipliers" title=" Lagrange multipliers"> Lagrange multipliers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20programming" title=" mathematical programming"> mathematical programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20control" title=" optimal control"> optimal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smoothing%20methods" title=" smoothing methods"> smoothing methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variationally%20inequalities" title=" variationally inequalities"> variationally inequalities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132882/solving-optimal-control-of-semilinear-elliptic-variational-inequalities-obstacle-problems-using-smoothing-functions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3006</span> Elementary Education Outcome Efficiency in Indian States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyotsna%20Rosario">Jyotsna Rosario</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20R.%20Shanmugam"> K. R. Shanmugam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since elementary education is a merit good, considerable public resources are allocated to universalise it. However, elementary education outcomes vary across the Indian States. Evidences indicate that while some states are lagging in elementary education outcome primarily due to lack of resources and poor schooling infrastructure, others are lagging despite resource abundance and well-developed schooling infrastructure. Addressing the issue of efficiency, the study employs Stochastic Frontier Analysis for panel data of 27 Indian states from 2012-13 to 2017-18 to estimate the technical efficiency of State governments in generating enrolment. The mean efficiency of states was estimated to be 58%. Punjab, Meghalaya, and West Bengal were found to be the most efficient states. Whereas Jammu and Kashmir, Nagaland, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha are one of the most inefficient states. This study emphasizes the efficient utilisation of public resources and helps in the identification of best practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20efficiency" title="technical efficiency">technical efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20expenditure" title=" public expenditure"> public expenditure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elementary%20education%20outcome" title=" elementary education outcome"> elementary education outcome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20frontier%20analysis" title=" stochastic frontier analysis"> stochastic frontier analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142291/elementary-education-outcome-efficiency-in-indian-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3005</span> Constructing the Density of States from the Parallel Wang Landau Algorithm Overlapping Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arman%20S.%20Kussainov">Arman S. Kussainov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Altynbek%20K.%20Beisekov"> Altynbek K. Beisekov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work focuses on building an efficient universal procedure to construct a single density of states from the multiple pieces of data provided by the parallel implementation of the Wang Landau Monte Carlo based algorithm. The Ising and Pott models were used as the examples of the two-dimensional spin lattices to construct their densities of states. Sampled energy space was distributed between the individual walkers with certain overlaps. This was made to include the latest development of the algorithm as the density of states replica exchange technique. Several factors of immediate importance for the seamless stitching process have being considered. These include but not limited to the speed and universality of the initial parallel algorithm implementation as well as the data post-processing to produce the expected smooth density of states. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20of%20states" title="density of states">density of states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo" title=" Monte Carlo"> Monte Carlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20algorithm" title=" parallel algorithm"> parallel algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Landau%20algorithm" title=" Wang Landau algorithm"> Wang Landau algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66265/constructing-the-density-of-states-from-the-parallel-wang-landau-algorithm-overlapping-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3004</span> Ties of China and the United States Regarding to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on the Basis of Soft Power Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabnam%20Dadparvar">Shabnam Dadparvar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laijin%20Shen"> Laijin Shen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After a period of conflict between Russia and the West, new signs of confrontation between the United States and China are observed. China, as the most populous country in the world with a high rate of economic growth, neither stands the hegemonic power of the United States nor has the intention of direct confrontation with it. By raising the costs of the United States’ leadership at the international level, China seeks to find a better status without direct confrontation with the US. Meanwhile, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), as a soft balancing strategy against the hegemony of the United States is used as a tool to reach this goal. The authors by using a descriptive-analytical method try to explain the policies of China and the United States on Shanghai Cooperation Organization as well as confrontation between these two countries within the framework of 'balance of soft power theory'. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balance%20of%20soft%20power" title="balance of soft power">balance of soft power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Central%20Asia" title=" Central Asia"> Central Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanghai%20cooperation%20organization" title=" Shanghai cooperation organization"> Shanghai cooperation organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title=" terrorism"> terrorism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50882/ties-of-china-and-the-united-states-regarding-to-the-shanghai-cooperation-organization-on-the-basis-of-soft-power-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3003</span> Enhanced Physiological Response of Blood Pressure and Improved Performance in Successive Divided Attention Test Seen with Classical Instrumental Background Music Compared to Controls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shantala%20Herlekar">Shantala Herlekar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Entrainment effect of music on cardiovascular parameters is well established. Music is being used in the background by medical students while studying. However, does it really help them relax faster and concentrate better? Objectives: This study was done to compare the effects of classical instrumental background music versus no music on blood pressure response over time and on successively performed divided attention test in Indian and Malaysian 1st-year medical students. Method: 60 Indian and 60 Malaysian first year medical students, with an equal number of girls and boys were randomized into two groups i.e music group and control group thus creating four subgroups. Three different forms of Symbol Digit Modality Test (to test concentration ability) were used as a pre-test, during music/control session and post-test. It was assessed using total, correct and error score. Simultaneously, multiple Blood Pressure recordings were taken as pre-test, during 1, 5, 15, 25 minutes during music/control (+SDMT) and post-test. The music group performed the test with classical instrumental background music while the control group performed it in silence. Results were analyzed using students paired t test. p value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. A drop in BP recording was indicative of relaxed state and a rise in BP with task performance was indicative of increased arousal. Results: In Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT) test, Music group showed significant better results for correct (p = 0.02) and total (p = 0.029) scores during post-test while errors reduced (p = 0.002). Indian music group showed decline in post-test error scores (p = 0.002). Malaysian music group performed significantly better in all categories. Blood pressure response was similar in music and control group with following variations, a drop in BP at 5minutes, being significant in music group (p < 0.001), a steep rise in values till 15minutes (corresponding to SDMT test) also being significant only in music group (p < 0.001) and the Systolic BP readings in controls during post-test were at lower levels compared to music group. On comparing the subgroups, not much difference was noticed in recordings of Indian student’s subgroups while all the paired-t test values in the Malaysian music group were significant. Conclusion: These recordings indicate an increased relaxed state with classical instrumental music and an increased arousal while performing a concentration task. Music used in our study was beneficial to students irrespective of their nationality and preference of music type. It can act as an “active coping” strategy and alleviate stress within a very short period of time, in our study within a span of 5minutes. When used in the background, during task performance, can increase arousal which helps the students perform better. Implications: Music can be used between lectures for a short time to relax the students and help them concentrate better for the subsequent classes, especially for late afternoon sessions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20pressure" title="blood pressure">blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classical%20instrumental%20background%20music" title=" classical instrumental background music"> classical instrumental background music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnicity" title=" ethnicity"> ethnicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbol%20digit%20modality%20test" title=" symbol digit modality test"> symbol digit modality test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96182/enhanced-physiological-response-of-blood-pressure-and-improved-performance-in-successive-divided-attention-test-seen-with-classical-instrumental-background-music-compared-to-controls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3002</span> Using Music: An Effective Medium of Teaching Vocabulary in ESL Classroom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takwa%20Jahan">Takwa Jahan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Music can be used in ESL classroom to create a learning environment. As literature abounds with positive statements, music can be used as a vehicle for second language acquisition. Music can be applied as an instrument to help second language learners to acquire vocabulary, grammar, spelling and other four skills and to expand cultural knowledge. Vocabulary learning is perceived boring by learners. As listening to music and singing songs are enjoyable to students, it can be used effectively to acquire vocabulary in second language. This paper reports a study to find out how music exhilarates vocabulary acquisition as the learners stay relaxed and thus learning becomes more enjoyable. For conducting my research two groups of fifty students- music and non-music group were formed. Data were collected through class observation, test, questionnaires, and interview. The finding shows that music group acquired much amount of vocabulary than the non-music group. They enjoyed vocabulary learning activities based on listening songs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20instrument" title="effective instrument">effective instrument</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESL%20classroom" title=" ESL classroom"> ESL classroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title=" music"> music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relax%20environment" title=" relax environment"> relax environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocabulary%20learning" title=" vocabulary learning"> vocabulary learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67012/using-music-an-effective-medium-of-teaching-vocabulary-in-esl-classroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67012.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3001</span> Reclaiming and Reconstructing the History of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Vahidkia">Hamid Vahidkia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The origins of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) are not widely understood, leading to misconceptions that need to be examined. Recent research disputes the idea that the UDHR was exclusively backed and endorsed by Western countries and even raised doubts about powerful nations backing the creation of global human rights norms. This article examines four political misconceptions regarding the Universal Declaration, with each one having some truth to it but also being misleading. The significance of small states in promoting human rights norms has been underestimated, just as the importance of large states has been exaggerated in history. The Universal Declaration was created through negotiations with the involvement of numerous states. All states have a stake in small states reclaiming their portion of history due to the legitimacy it gained from the political process that formed it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=declaration.%20law" title="declaration. law">declaration. law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rights" title=" rights"> rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humanity" title=" humanity"> humanity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UDHR" title=" UDHR"> UDHR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186157/reclaiming-and-reconstructing-the-history-of-the-universal-declaration-of-human-rights" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">39</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3000</span> EU Integratıon Impact over the Real Convergence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badoiu%20Mihaela%20Catalina">Badoiu Mihaela Catalina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Main focus of COHESION policy was reducing social and economic disparities between member states and regions, sustainable development and equal opportunities. In this perspective, the present study intend to analyze the evolution of the European architecture and its direct impact over the real convergence in the member states. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperation" title="cooperation">cooperation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20union" title=" European union"> European union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=member%20states" title=" member states"> member states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesion%20policy" title=" cohesion policy"> cohesion policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23580/eu-integration-impact-over-the-real-convergence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2999</span> A Comparative Study of School Choice: China and the United States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huizi%20Zeng">Huizi Zeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper delineates the historical retrospective and current status of school choice in China. Focusing on analyzing the similarities and differences in origin, evolution, public dispute, policy dynamics between China and the United States, the article depicts a panorama and explores possible causes. Both China and the United States continue to learn from historical legacy and invent new programs to perfect school choice policy but the outcomes are so different. On the one hand, the percentage of public schools in China remains high all along, while there is a considerably significant reduction in the United States. On the other hand, there is more governmental intervention in the United States with continuous and constant policy updates and adjustment. Finally, this article adopts public-private partnerships (PPP) to seek to provide insights into differences between the two countries and argue that school choice is not only the production of education marketization and corporation but also driven by political mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20States" title=" United States"> United States</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20choice" title=" school choice"> school choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20analysis" title=" comparative analysis"> comparative analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20private%20partnerships" title=" public private partnerships"> public private partnerships</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137632/a-comparative-study-of-school-choice-china-and-the-united-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relaxed%20states&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relaxed%20states&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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