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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mk_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mk (disambiguation)">Mk (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/MDK_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="MDK (disambiguation)">MDK (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">MDK</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Protein_MDK_PDB_1mkc.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Protein_MDK_PDB_1mkc.png/250px-Protein_MDK_PDB_1mkc.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Protein_MDK_PDB_1mkc.png/375px-Protein_MDK_PDB_1mkc.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Protein_MDK_PDB_1mkc.png/500px-Protein_MDK_PDB_1mkc.png 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="534" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c3fdb8;width:43px"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee">Ortholog search: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&term=P12025%20or%20P21741">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:P12025,P21741">RCSB</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="background-color:#ddd;text-align:center"><th colspan="2">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1MKC">1MKC</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1MKN">1MKN</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/6972">MDK</a></span>, ARAP, MK, NEGF2, midkine (neurite growth-promoting factor 2), midkine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/162096">162096</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:96949">96949</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=1792">1792</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=MDK">MDK</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000110492">MDK - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_11.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 11 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 11 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ideogram_human_chromosome_11.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ideogram_human_chromosome_11.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ideogram_human_chromosome_11.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_11_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 11 (human)">Chromosome 11 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_11_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 11 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 11 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Human_chromosome_11_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_11_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Human_chromosome_11_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_11_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Human_chromosome_11_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_11_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 95.591297960606px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for MDK"><img alt="Genomic location for MDK" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 101.6px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for MDK"><img alt="Genomic location for MDK" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">11p11.2</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">46,380,756 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">46,383,837 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 2 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 2 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">Chromosome 2 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 2 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 2 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 142.80490488899px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for MDK"><img alt="Genomic location for MDK" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 148.8px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for MDK"><img alt="Genomic location for MDK" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">2 E1|2 50.63 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">91,760,150 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">91,762,642 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000110492">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">ventricular zone</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">stromal cell of endometrium</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">pituitary gland</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">left ovary</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">canal of the cervix</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">anterior pituitary</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right uterine tube</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">ganglionic eminence</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">duodenum</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right ovary</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000027239">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">genital tubercle</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">tail of embryo</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">ventricular zone</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">yolk sac</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">epiblast</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">ganglionic eminence</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">uterus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">neural tube</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">embryo</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">embryo</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000110492">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_MDK_209035_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PBB_GE_MDK_209035_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_MDK_209035_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PBB_GE_MDK_209035_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_MDK_209035_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PBB_GE_MDK_209035_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_MDK_209035_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/4192/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008083">growth factor activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008201">heparin binding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005737">cytoplasm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042995">cell projection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005576">extracellular region</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0062023">collagen-containing extracellular matrix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007219">Notch signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043524">negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050795">regulation of behavior</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0021681">cerebellar granular layer development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0021542">dentate gyrus development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051384">response to glucocorticoid</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001662">behavioral fear response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007399">nervous system development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045893">positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007275">multicellular organism development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030421">defecation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007614">short-term memory</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0021987">cerebral cortex development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009725">response to hormone</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016477">cell migration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0021766">hippocampus development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051781">positive regulation of cell division</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007165">signal transduction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1901215">negative regulation of neuron death</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009611">response to wounding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030325">adrenal gland development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030154">cell differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010469">regulation of signaling receptor activity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=4192&rn=1">4192</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=17242&rn=1">17242</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000110492;db=core">ENSG00000110492</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000027239;db=core">ENSMUSG00000027239</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21741">P21741</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P12025">P12025</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001012333">NM_001012333</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001012334">NM_001012334</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001270550">NM_001270550</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001270551">NM_001270551</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001270552">NM_001270552</a><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_002391">NM_002391</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001012335">NM_001012335</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001012336">NM_001012336</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_010784">NM_010784</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001291481">NM_001291481</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001291482">NM_001291482</a><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001291483">NM_001291483</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001012333">NP_001012333</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001012334">NP_001012334</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001257479">NP_001257479</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001257480">NP_001257480</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001257481">NP_001257481</a><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_002382">NP_002382</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001012335">NP_001012335</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001012336">NP_001012336</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001278410">NP_001278410</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001278411">NP_001278411</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001278412">NP_001278412</a><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_034914">NP_034914</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr11:46380756-46383837">Chr 11: 46.38 – 46.38 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr2:91760150-91762642">Chr 2: 91.76 – 91.76 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14907402" class="extiw" title="d:Q14907402">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14907403" class="extiw" title="d:Q14907403">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Midkine</b> (MK or MDK), also known as <b><a href="/wiki/Neurite" title="Neurite">neurite</a> growth-promoting factor 2</b> (NEGF2), is a <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> that in humans is encoded by the <i>MDK</i> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8406506_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8406506-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Midkine is a basic <a href="/wiki/Heparin" title="Heparin">heparin</a>-binding <a href="/wiki/Growth_factor" title="Growth factor">growth factor</a> of low molecular weight, and forms a family with <a href="/wiki/Pleiotrophin" title="Pleiotrophin">pleiotrophin</a> (NEGF1, 46% homologous with MK). It is a nonglycosylated protein, composed of two domains held by <a href="/wiki/Disulfide_bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Disulfide bond">disulfide bridges</a>. It is a developmentally important <a href="/wiki/Retinoic_acid" title="Retinoic acid">retinoic acid</a>-responsive gene product strongly induced during <i>mid</i>-gestation, hence the name <i>mid</i>kine. Restricted mainly to certain tissues in the normal adult, it is strongly induced during <a href="/wiki/Oncogenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncogenesis">oncogenesis</a>, inflammation and tissue repair. </p><p>MK is <a href="/wiki/Pleiotropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleiotropic">pleiotropic</a>, capable of exerting activities such as <a href="/wiki/Cell_growth" title="Cell growth">cell proliferation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cell_migration" title="Cell migration">cell migration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angiogenesis" title="Angiogenesis">angiogenesis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fibrinolysis" title="Fibrinolysis">fibrinolysis</a>. A molecular complex containing receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase zeta (<a href="/wiki/PTPRZ1" title="PTPRZ1">PTPζ</a>), low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (<a href="/wiki/LRP1" title="LRP1">LRP1</a>), anaplastic leukemia kinase (<a href="/wiki/Anaplastic_lymphoma_kinase" title="Anaplastic lymphoma kinase">ALK</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Syndecans" class="mw-redirect" title="Syndecans">syndecans</a> is considered to be its receptor.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_cancer">Role in cancer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midkine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Role in cancer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MK appears to enhance the angiogenic and proliferative activities of cancer cells.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11048798_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11048798-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expression of MK (mRNA and protein expression) has been found to be elevated in multiple cancer types, such as <a href="/wiki/Neuroblastoma" title="Neuroblastoma">neuroblastoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glioblastoma" title="Glioblastoma">glioblastoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilms%27_tumors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilms' tumors">Wilms' tumors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_papillary_carcinomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroid papillary carcinomas">thyroid papillary carcinomas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11048798_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11048798-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> colorectal, liver, ovary, bladder, breast, lung, esophageal, <a href="/wiki/Stomach_cancer" title="Stomach cancer">stomach</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10952771_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10952771-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serum MK in normal individuals is usually less than 0.5-0.6 ng/ml, whereas patients with these malignancies have much higher levels than this. In some cases, these elevated levels of MK also indicate a poorer prognosis of the disease, such as in neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, and bladder carcinomas.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12771916_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12771916-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In neuroblastoma, for example, the levels of MK are elevated about three times the level in Stage 4 of the cancer (one of the final stages) than they are in Stage 1.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12771916_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12771916-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In neuroblastoma, MK has been found to be over expressed in the cancer cells that are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15897897_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15897897-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11474132_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11474132-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resistance to chemotherapy seems to be reversible by administering chemo-resensitization drugs, such as verapamil,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8999846_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8999846-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which acts not via MK alteration, but by inhibiting the P-glycoprotein pump that exports cytotoxins out of cells.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid2569930_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2569930-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since chemotherapeutic drugs are cytotoxic, the drugs administered are also exported by this pump, rendering the chemotherapy ineffective.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid2569930_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2569930-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been found that when the neuroblastoma cells that are resistant to chemotherapy are grown in co-culture with the wild type (WT), or chemotherapy-sensitive cells, the resistance to chemotherapy is conferred to the wild type cells, and thus no cell death or senescence occurs in either cell type,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15897897_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15897897-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite the chemotherapeutic treatment. MK has been identified as one of the factors that "transfers" this chemoresistance from the resistant cells to the WT cells.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11474132_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11474132-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MK is a secreted protein, and is therefore found in the microenvironment (media) of the resistant neuroblastoma cells.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11474132_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11474132-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following co-culture experiments and the determination that MK was one of the factors that was conferring chemo-resistance to the wild, non-resistant cell type,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11474132_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11474132-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the gene for MK was transfected into WT cells to determine if MK was overexpressed in the WT cells themselves, would the cells become resistant to chemotherapy independent of resistant cell influence. The tests further confirmed that MK specifically increased chemotherapeutic resistance in the transfected WT-MK cells versus regular WT cells, confirming the specific chemoresistant properties of MK.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15897897_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15897897-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, the mechanism for such anti-apoptotic (anti-cell death) activity was studied, specifically using the chemotherapeutic Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) on osteosarcoma (Saos2) cells.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15897897_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15897897-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Doxorubicin works by putting rampant cancer cells into a senescent state. MK, in WT-MK transfected cells versus WT cells, seemed to activate PKB (Akt), mTOR, and Bad protein, while it inactivated caspase-3.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15897897_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15897897-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PKB, mTOR, and Bad are all elements associated with the cell cycle survival pathway, whereas caspase-3 is important in the apoptotic pathway (cell death).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15897897_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15897897-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This indicates that MK caused the cells to initiate the survival pathway (via PKB, mTOR, and Bad activation) and inhibit the senescent or apoptotic pathway (via inhibiting caspase-3)<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15897897_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15897897-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> encouraging the chemoresistance seen in resistant cells and in the co-culture experiments. The activation and inhibition of these particular factors clearly is maintaining the immortal quality inherent in cancer cells and specifically in the resistant cell types. Stat-3, however, which is another survival pathway factor, does not appear to have any change in activation between the wild type cells and the MK-transfected WT cells,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15897897_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15897897-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as was initially believed from a previous study.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11474132_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11474132-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MK may potentially be indirectly targeted as a cancer treatment as a result of its cancerous proliferation properties.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17172400_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17172400-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Drugs by the name of anti-cancer aptamers have been created to inhibit to proteins involved in MK's cancer cell "activation". Specifically, the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) protein nucleolin has been targeted with an aptamer that would bind nucleolin and prevent MK from being transported into cancerous cell nuclei, preventing the protein from enhancing the cancerous properties of the cell.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17172400_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17172400-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miyakawa <i>et al.</i> have successfully established the method to prepare the MDK specific RNA aptamers<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the use of the recombinant midkine<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12597883_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12597883-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Pleiotrophin" title="Pleiotrophin">pleiotrophin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14586125_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14586125-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mdk is also a tumor antigen able to induce CD8 and CD4 T cell responses (Kerzerho <i>et al</i>. 2010 Journal of Immunology).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="HIV_infection">HIV infection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midkine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: HIV infection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Midkine binds to cell-surface <a href="/wiki/Nucleolin" title="Nucleolin">nucleolin</a> as a low affinity receptor. This binding can inhibit HIV infection.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12147681_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12147681-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trivia">Trivia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midkine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Trivia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> film "<a href="/wiki/L:_Change_the_World" title="L: Change the World">L: Change the World</a>", Midkine is used as a major plot element, as it is used in a vaccine to treat the <a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus">ebola virus</a> combined with <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a>, from spreading.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midkine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000110492">GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000110492</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000027239">GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027239</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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J</i>. <b>18</b> (5): 401–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1014864131288">10.1023/A:1014864131288</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11925507">11925507</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21224266">21224266</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Glycoconj.+J.&rft.atitle=Requirement+of+chondroitin+sulfate%2Fdermatan+sulfate+recognition+in+midkine-dependent+migration+of+macrophages&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=401-6&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A21224266%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11925507&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1014864131288&rft.aulast=Hayashi&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Kadomatsu%2C+K&rft.au=Muramatsu%2C+T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMidkine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSumiMuramatsuTakei2002" class="citation journal cs1">Sumi Y, Muramatsu H, Takei Y, et al. (2002). "Midkine, a heparin-binding growth factor, promotes growth and glycosaminoglycan synthesis of endothelial cells through its action on smooth muscle cells in an artificial blood vessel model". <i>J. Cell Sci</i>. <b>115</b> (Pt 13): 2659–67. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjcs.115.13.2659">10.1242/jcs.115.13.2659</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12077357">12077357</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Cell+Sci.&rft.atitle=Midkine%2C+a+heparin-binding+growth+factor%2C+promotes+growth+and+glycosaminoglycan+synthesis+of+endothelial+cells+through+its+action+on+smooth+muscle+cells+in+an+artificial+blood+vessel+model&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=Pt+13&rft.pages=2659-67&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjcs.115.13.2659&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12077357&rft.aulast=Sumi&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.au=Muramatsu%2C+H&rft.au=Takei%2C+Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMidkine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoicaKuoPowers2002" class="citation journal cs1">Stoica GE, Kuo A, Powers C, et al. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M205749200">"Midkine binds to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and acts as a growth factor for different cell types"</a>. <i>J. Biol. Chem</i>. <b>277</b> (39): 35990–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M205749200">10.1074/jbc.M205749200</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12122009">12122009</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Biol.+Chem.&rft.atitle=Midkine+binds+to+anaplastic+lymphoma+kinase+%28ALK%29+and+acts+as+a+growth+factor+for+different+cell+types&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=39&rft.pages=35990-8&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.M205749200&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12122009&rft.aulast=Stoica&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.au=Kuo%2C+A&rft.au=Powers%2C+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.M205749200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMidkine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midkine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Overview of all the structural information available in the <a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> for <a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/pdbe-kb/proteins/P21741">P21741</a></i> (Midkine) at the <a href="/wiki/PDBe-KB" title="PDBe-KB">PDBe-KB</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="PDB_gallery" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">PDB gallery</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker" style="line-height:130%"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1mkc_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1mkc: C-TERMINAL DOMAIN OF MIDKINE"><img alt="1mkc: C-TERMINAL DOMAIN OF MIDKINE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/PDB_1mkc_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1mkc_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/PDB_1mkc_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1mkc_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/PDB_1mkc_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1mkc_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1mkc</b>: C-TERMINAL DOMAIN OF MIDKINE</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1mkn_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1mkn: N-TERMINAL HALF OF MIDKINE"><img alt="1mkn: N-TERMINAL HALF OF MIDKINE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/PDB_1mkn_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1mkn_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/PDB_1mkn_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1mkn_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/PDB_1mkn_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1mkn_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1mkn</b>: N-TERMINAL HALF OF MIDKINE</div> </li> </ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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title="Angiopoietin 4">Angiopoietin 4</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiopoietin 2">Angiopoietin 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angiopoietin_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angiopoietin 3 (page does not exist)">Angiopoietin 3</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebastinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebastinib">Rebastinib</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Evinacumab" title="Evinacumab">Evinacumab</a> (against angiopoietin 3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesvacumab" title="Nesvacumab">Nesvacumab</a> (against angiopoietin 2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_neurotrophic_factor_receptor" title="Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor">CNTF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Axokine" class="mw-redirect" title="Axokine">Axokine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_neurotrophic_factor_receptor" title="Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor">CNTF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapiclermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dapiclermin (page does not exist)">Dapiclermin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor" title="Epidermal growth factor receptor">EGF (ErbB)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor" title="Epidermal growth factor receptor">EGF<br /><small>(ErbB1/HER1)</small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Amphiregulin" title="Amphiregulin">Amphiregulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betacellulin" title="Betacellulin">Betacellulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor" title="Epidermal growth factor">EGF (urogastrone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigen" title="Epigen">Epigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiregulin" title="Epiregulin">Epiregulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparin-binding_EGF-like_growth_factor" title="Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor">Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murodermin" title="Murodermin">Murodermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepidermin" title="Nepidermin">Nepidermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Transforming growth factor alpha">Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Afatinib" title="Afatinib">Afatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigatinib" title="Brigatinib">Brigatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canertinib" title="Canertinib">Canertinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacomitinib" title="Dacomitinib">Dacomitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlotinib" title="Erlotinib">Erlotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefitinib" title="Gefitinib">Gefitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandinin" title="Grandinin">Grandinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icotinib" title="Icotinib">Icotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapatinib" title="Lapatinib">Lapatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neratinib" title="Neratinib">Neratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osimertinib" title="Osimertinib">Osimertinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHI-P_154&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WHI-P 154 (page does not exist)">WHI-P 154</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cetuximab" title="Cetuximab">Cetuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Depatuxizumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Depatuxizumab (page does not exist)">Depatuxizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depatuxizumab_mafodotin" title="Depatuxizumab mafodotin">Depatuxizumab mafodotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuximab" title="Futuximab">Futuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imgatuzumab" title="Imgatuzumab">Imgatuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matuzumab" title="Matuzumab">Matuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necitumumab" title="Necitumumab">Necitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimotuzumab" title="Nimotuzumab">Nimotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panitumumab" title="Panitumumab">Panitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalutumumab" title="Zalutumumab">Zalutumumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/HER2/neu" class="mw-redirect" title="HER2/neu">ErbB2/HER2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <i>Unknown/none</i></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ertumaxomab" title="Ertumaxomab">Ertumaxomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertuzumab" title="Pertuzumab">Pertuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab" title="Trastuzumab">Trastuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab_deruxtecan" title="Trastuzumab deruxtecan">Trastuzumab deruxtecan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trastuzumab_duocarmazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trastuzumab duocarmazine (page does not exist)">Trastuzumab duocarmazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab_emtansine" title="Trastuzumab emtansine">Trastuzumab emtansine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Afatinib" title="Afatinib">Afatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapatinib" title="Lapatinib">Lapatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubritinib" title="Mubritinib">Mubritinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neratinib" title="Neratinib">Neratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucatinib" title="Tucatinib">Tucatinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/HER3" class="mw-redirect" title="HER3">ErbB3/HER3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Neuregulin" title="Neuregulin">Neuregulins (heregulins)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neuregulin-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuregulin-1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG2" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/CSPG5" title="CSPG5">6 (neuroglycan C)</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Duligotumab" class="mw-redirect" title="Duligotumab">Duligotumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patritumab" title="Patritumab">Patritumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seribantumab" title="Seribantumab">Seribantumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/HER4" class="mw-redirect" title="HER4">ErbB4/HER4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Betacellulin" title="Betacellulin">Betacellulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigen" title="Epigen">Epigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparin-binding_EGF-like_growth_factor" title="Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor">Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuregulin" title="Neuregulin">Neuregulins (heregulins)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neuregulin-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuregulin-1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG2" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG3" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG4" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG4">4</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomoregulin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomoregulin (page does not exist)">5 (tomoregulin, TMEFF)</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor">FGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_1" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1">FGFR1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF3" title="FGF3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF5" title="FGF5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF6" title="FGF6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF10" title="FGF10">10 (KGF2)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF20" title="FGF20">20</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repifermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repifermin (page does not exist)">Repifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpercatinib" title="Selpercatinib">Selpercatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velafermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velafermin (page does not exist)">Velafermin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_2" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2">FGFR2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF3" title="FGF3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF5" title="FGF5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF6" title="FGF6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF7" title="FGF7">7</a> (<a href="/wiki/Keratinocyte_growth_factor" title="Keratinocyte growth factor">KGF</a>), <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF9" title="FGF9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF10" title="FGF10">10 (KGF2)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF17" title="FGF17">17</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF18" title="FGF18">18</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF22" title="FGF22">22</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palifermin" title="Palifermin">Palifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repifermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repifermin (page does not exist)">Repifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpercatinib" title="Selpercatinib">Selpercatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprifermin" title="Sprifermin">Sprifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aprutumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aprutumab (page does not exist)">Aprutumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aprutumab_ixadotin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aprutumab ixadotin (page does not exist)">Aprutumab ixadotin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Infigratinib" title="Infigratinib">Infigratinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_3" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3">FGFR3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF9" title="FGF9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF18" title="FGF18">18</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF23" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF23">23</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpercatinib" title="Selpercatinib">Selpercatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprifermin" title="Sprifermin">Sprifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Burosumab" title="Burosumab">Burosumab</a> (against FGF23)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_4" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4">FGFR4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF6" title="FGF6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF9" title="FGF9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF19" title="FGF19">19</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/FGF15/19" title="FGF15/19">FGF15/19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_growth_factor_receptor" title="Hepatocyte growth factor receptor">HGF (c-Met)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Fosgonimeton" title="Fosgonimeton">Fosgonimeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_growth_factor" title="Hepatocyte growth factor">Hepatocyte growth factor</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Potentiators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dihexa" title="Dihexa">Dihexa (PNB-0408)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AM7_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AM7 (drug) (page does not exist)">AM7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMG-458&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AMG-458 (page does not exist)">AMG-458</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amuvatinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amuvatinib (page does not exist)">Amuvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMS-777607&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMS-777607 (page does not exist)">BMS-777607</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabozantinib" title="Cabozantinib">Cabozantinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capmatinib" title="Capmatinib">Capmatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crizotinib" title="Crizotinib">Crizotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foretinib" title="Foretinib">Foretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golvatinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golvatinib (page does not exist)">Golvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=INCB28060&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INCB28060 (page does not exist)">INCB28060</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JNJ-38877605&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JNJ-38877605 (page does not exist)">JNJ-38877605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MK-2461&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MK-2461 (page does not exist)">MK-2461</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-04217903&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-04217903 (page does not exist)">PF-04217903</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-2341066&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-2341066 (page does not exist)">PF-2341066</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PHA-665752&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PHA-665752 (page does not exist)">PHA-665752</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SU-11274&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SU-11274 (page does not exist)">SU-11274</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivantinib" title="Tivantinib">Tivantinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volitinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Volitinib">Volitinib</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Emibetuzumab" title="Emibetuzumab">Emibetuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ficlatuzumab" title="Ficlatuzumab">Ficlatuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanvotumab" title="Flanvotumab">Flanvotumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onartuzumab" title="Onartuzumab">Onartuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilotumumab" title="Rilotumumab">Rilotumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telisotuzumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telisotuzumab (page does not exist)">Telisotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telisotuzumab_vedotin" title="Telisotuzumab vedotin">Telisotuzumab vedotin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Somatomedin_receptor" title="Somatomedin receptor">IGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor">IGF-1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Des(1-3)IGF-1" title="Des(1-3)IGF-1">des(1-3)IGF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1">Insulin-like growth factor-1 (somatomedin C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGF-1_LR3" title="IGF-1 LR3">IGF-1 LR3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2">Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">Insulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecasermin" title="Mecasermin">Mecasermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecasermin_rinfabate" title="Mecasermin rinfabate">Mecasermin rinfabate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=BMS-754807&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMS-754807 (page does not exist)">BMS-754807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linsitinib" title="Linsitinib">Linsitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NVP-ADW742&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NVP-ADW742 (page does not exist)">NVP-ADW742</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NVP-AEW541&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NVP-AEW541 (page does not exist)">NVP-AEW541</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSl-906&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSl-906 (page does not exist)">OSl-906</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=AVE-1642&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AVE-1642 (page does not exist)">AVE-1642</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixutumumab" title="Cixutumumab">Cixutumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalotuzumab" title="Dalotuzumab">Dalotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figitumumab" title="Figitumumab">Figitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganitumab" title="Ganitumab">Ganitumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robatumumab" title="Robatumumab">Robatumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R1507&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R1507 (page does not exist)">R1507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teprotumumab" title="Teprotumumab">Teprotumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xentuzumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xentuzumab (page does not exist)">Xentuzumab</a> (against IGF-1 and IGF-2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor">IGF-2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2">Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dusigitumab" title="Dusigitumab">Dusigitumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xentuzumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xentuzumab (page does not exist)">Xentuzumab</a> (against IGF-1 and IGF-2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Binding proteins:</i> <a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor-binding_protein" title="Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein">IGFBP</a> (<a href="/wiki/IGFBP1" title="IGFBP1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP2" title="IGFBP2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP3" title="IGFBP3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP4" title="IGFBP4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP5" title="IGFBP5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP6" title="IGFBP6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP7" title="IGFBP7">7</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Cleavage products/derivatives with unknown target:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glypromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glypromate (page does not exist)">Glypromate (GPE, (1-3)IGF-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trofinetide" title="Trofinetide">Trofinetide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Low-affinity_nerve_growth_factor_receptor" title="Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor">LNGF (p75<sup>NTR</sup>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Brain-derived neurotrophic factor">BDNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-27" title="BNN-27">BNN-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenegermin" title="Cenegermin">Cenegermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_growth_factor" title="Nerve growth factor">NGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-3" title="Neurotrophin-3">NT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-4" title="Neurotrophin-4">NT-4</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ALE-0540&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALE-0540 (page does not exist)">ALE-0540</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EVT-901&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EVT-901 (page does not exist)">EVT-901 (SAR-127963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">Testosterone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-110 (page does not exist)">ABT-110 (PG110)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASP-6294&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASP-6294 (page does not exist)">ASP-6294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasinumab" title="Fasinumab">Fasinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunevetmab" title="Frunevetmab">Frunevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulranumab" title="Fulranumab">Fulranumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MEDI-578&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEDI-578 (page does not exist)">MEDI-578</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranevetmab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranevetmab (page does not exist)">Ranevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanezumab" title="Tanezumab">Tanezumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Aptamers:</i> <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=RBM-004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RBM-004 (page does not exist)">RBM-004</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=LEVI-04&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LEVI-04 (page does not exist)">LEVI-04 (p75<sup>NTR</sup>-Fc)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor_receptor" title="Platelet-derived growth factor receptor">PDGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Becaplermin" title="Becaplermin">Becaplermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor" title="Platelet-derived growth factor">Platelet-derived growth factor</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDGFA" title="PDGFA">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDGFB" title="PDGFB">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDGFC" title="PDGFC">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDGFD" title="PDGFD">D</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avapritinib" title="Avapritinib">Avapritinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crenolanib" title="Crenolanib">Crenolanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imatinib" title="Imatinib">Imatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenvatinib" title="Lenvatinib">Lenvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masitinib" title="Masitinib">Masitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motesanib" title="Motesanib">Motesanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintedanib" title="Nintedanib">Nintedanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radotinib" title="Radotinib">Radotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quizartinib" title="Quizartinib">Quizartinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripretinib" title="Ripretinib">Ripretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Olaratumab" title="Olaratumab">Olaratumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramucirumab" title="Ramucirumab">Ramucirumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tovetumab" title="Tovetumab">Tovetumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/RET_proto-oncogene" title="RET proto-oncogene">RET (GFL)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B11" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα1">GFRα1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Glial_cell_line-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor">Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liatermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liatermin (page does not exist)">Liatermin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B12" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα2">GFRα2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Neurturin" title="Neurturin">Neurturin (NRTN)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B13" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα3">GFRα3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Artemin" title="Artemin">Artemin (ARTN)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B14" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα4">GFRα4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Persephin" title="Persephin">Persephin (PSPN)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CD117" class="mw-redirect" title="CD117">SCF (c-Kit)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ancestim" title="Ancestim">Ancestim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_factor" title="Stem cell factor">Stem cell factor</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasatinib" title="Dasatinib">Dasatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imatinib" title="Imatinib">Imatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masitinib" title="Masitinib">Masitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilotinib" title="Nilotinib">Nilotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quizartinib" title="Quizartinib">Quizartinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_beta_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Transforming growth factor beta receptor">TGFβ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:TGF%CE%B2_receptor_superfamily_modulators" title="Template:TGFβ receptor superfamily modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Trk_receptor" title="Trk receptor">Trk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TrkA_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="TrkA receptor">TrkA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-27" title="BNN-27">BNN-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenegermin" title="Cenegermin">Cenegermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambogic_amide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gambogic amide (page does not exist)">Gambogic amide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_growth_factor" title="Nerve growth factor">NGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavilermide" title="Tavilermide">Tavilermide</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ALE-0540&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALE-0540 (page does not exist)">ALE-0540</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FX007" class="mw-redirect" title="FX007">FX007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">Testosterone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Negative allosteric modulators:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=VM-902A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VM-902A (page does not exist)">VM-902A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-6918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-6918 (page does not exist)">AZD-6918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CH-7057288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CH-7057288 (page does not exist)">CH-7057288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-6051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-6051 (page does not exist)">DS-6051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GZ-389988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZ-389988 (page does not exist)">GZ-389988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milciclib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milciclib (page does not exist)">Milciclib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4474 (page does not exist)">ONO-4474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-5390556&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-5390556 (page does not exist)">ONO-5390556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLX-7486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLX-7486 (page does not exist)">PLX-7486</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebastinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebastinib">Rebastinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SNA-120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SNA-120 (page does not exist)">SNA-120 (pegylated K252a)</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <i>Against TrkA:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=GBR-900&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GBR-900 (page does not exist)">GBR-900</a>; <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-110 (page does not exist)">ABT-110 (PG110)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASP-6294&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASP-6294 (page does not exist)">ASP-6294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasinumab" title="Fasinumab">Fasinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunevetmab" title="Frunevetmab">Frunevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulranumab" title="Fulranumab">Fulranumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MEDI-578&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEDI-578 (page does not exist)">MEDI-578</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranevetmab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranevetmab (page does not exist)">Ranevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanezumab" title="Tanezumab">Tanezumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Aptamers:</i> <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=RBM-004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RBM-004 (page does not exist)">RBM-004</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ReN-1820&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ReN-1820 (page does not exist)">ReN-1820 (TrkAd5)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TrkB_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="TrkB receptor">TrkB</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=3,7-Dihydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3,7-Dihydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">3,7-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3,7,8,2%27-Tetrahydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3,7,8,2'-Tetrahydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">3,7,8,2'-THF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone" class="mw-redirect" title="4'-Dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone">4'-DMA-7,8-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7,3%E2%80%B2-Dihydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7,3′-Dihydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">7,3'-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7,8-Dihydroxyflavone" class="mw-redirect" title="7,8-Dihydroxyflavone">7,8-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7,8,2%27-Trihydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7,8,2'-Trihydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">7,8,2'-THF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7,8,3%27-Trihydroxyflavone" title="7,8,3'-Trihydroxyflavone">7,8,3'-THF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Brain-derived neurotrophic factor">BDNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deoxygedunin" title="Deoxygedunin">Deoxygedunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deprenyl" title="Deprenyl">Deprenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosmetin" title="Diosmetin">Diosmetin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DMAQ-B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DMAQ-B1 (page does not exist)">DMAQ-B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIOC" title="HIOC">HIOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LM22A-4" title="LM22A-4">LM22A-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Acetylserotonin" title="N-Acetylserotonin">N-Acetylserotonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-3" title="Neurotrophin-3">NT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-4" title="Neurotrophin-4">NT-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwogonin" title="Norwogonin">Norwogonin (5,7,8-THF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R7_(drug)" title="R7 (drug)">R7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R13_(drug)" title="R13 (drug)">R13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TDP6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TDP6 (page does not exist)">TDP6</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/ANA-12" title="ANA-12">ANA-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclotraxin_B" title="Cyclotraxin B">Cyclotraxin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossypetin" title="Gossypetin">Gossypetin (3,5,7,8,3',4'-HHF)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Ligands:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-6918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-6918 (page does not exist)">AZD-6918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CH-7057288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CH-7057288 (page does not exist)">CH-7057288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-6051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-6051 (page does not exist)">DS-6051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GZ-389988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZ-389988 (page does not exist)">GZ-389988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4474 (page does not exist)">ONO-4474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-5390556&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-5390556 (page does not exist)">ONO-5390556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLX-7486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLX-7486 (page does not exist)">PLX-7486</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TrkC_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="TrkC receptor">TrkC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-3" title="Neurotrophin-3">NT-3</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-6918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-6918 (page does not exist)">AZD-6918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CH-7057288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CH-7057288 (page does not exist)">CH-7057288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-6051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-6051 (page does not exist)">DS-6051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GZ-389988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZ-389988 (page does not exist)">GZ-389988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4474 (page does not exist)">ONO-4474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-5390556&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-5390556 (page does not exist)">ONO-5390556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLX-7486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLX-7486 (page does not exist)">PLX-7486</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor">VEGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Placental_growth_factor" title="Placental growth factor">Placental growth factor (PGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripretinib" title="Ripretinib">Ripretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telbermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telbermin (page does not exist)">Telbermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor">VEGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_A" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor A">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_B" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor B">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_C" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor C">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_D" class="mw-redirect" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor D">D (FIGF)</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Allosteric modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cyclotraxin_B" title="Cyclotraxin B">Cyclotraxin B</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabozantinib" title="Cabozantinib">Cabozantinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cediranib" title="Cediranib">Cediranib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruquintinib" title="Fruquintinib">Fruquintinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapatinib" title="Lapatinib">Lapatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenvatinib" title="Lenvatinib">Lenvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motesanib" title="Motesanib">Motesanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintedanib" title="Nintedanib">Nintedanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegaptanib" title="Pegaptanib">Pegaptanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebastinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebastinib">Rebastinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regorafenib" title="Regorafenib">Regorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaxanib" title="Semaxanib">Semaxanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivozanib" title="Tivozanib">Tivozanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHI-P_154&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WHI-P 154 (page does not exist)">WHI-P 154</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alacizumab_pegol" title="Alacizumab pegol">Alacizumab pegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevacizumab" title="Bevacizumab">Bevacizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icrucumab" title="Icrucumab">Icrucumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramucirumab" title="Ramucirumab">Ramucirumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranibizumab" title="Ranibizumab">Ranibizumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Aflibercept" title="Aflibercept">Aflibercept</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Additional growth factors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Adrenomedullin" title="Adrenomedullin">Adrenomedullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony-stimulating_factor" title="Colony-stimulating factor">Colony-stimulating factors</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue_growth_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Connective tissue growth factor">Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrin" title="Ephrin">Ephrins</a> (<a href="/wiki/EFNA1" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA1">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA2" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA2">A2</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA3" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA3">A3</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA4" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA4">A4</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA5" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA5">A5</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNB1" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNB1">B1</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNB2" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNB2">B2</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNB3" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNB3">B3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythropoietin" title="Erythropoietin">Erythropoietin</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_isomerase" title="Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase">Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI; PGI, PHI, AMF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glia_maturation_factor" title="Glia maturation factor">Glia maturation factor (GMF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatoma-derived_growth_factor" title="Hepatoma-derived growth factor">Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin" title="Interleukin">Interleukins</a>/<a href="/wiki/T-cell_growth_factor" title="T-cell growth factor">T-cell growth factors</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukemia_inhibitory_factor" title="Leukemia inhibitory factor">Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrophage-stimulating_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrophage-stimulating protein">Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP; HLP, HGFLP)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Midkine (NEGF2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration-stimulating_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration-stimulating factor">Migration-stimulating factor (MSF; PRG4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncomodulin" title="Oncomodulin">Oncomodulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituitary_adenylate_cyclase-activating_peptide" title="Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide">Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiotrophin" title="Pleiotrophin">Pleiotrophin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renalase" title="Renalase">Renalase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombopoietin" title="Thrombopoietin">Thrombopoietin</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wnt_signaling_pathway" title="Wnt signaling pathway">Wnt signaling proteins</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Additional growth factor receptor modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cerebrolysin" title="Cerebrolysin">Cerebrolysin</a> (neurotrophin mixture)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Midkine&oldid=1189293987">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Midkine&oldid=1189293987</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Genes_on_human_chromosome_11" title="Category:Genes on human chromosome 11">Genes on human chromosome 11</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Proteins" title="Category:Proteins">Proteins</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_proteins" title="Category:Human proteins">Human 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