CINXE.COM
Квант механик — Википедиа нэвтэрхий толь
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="mn" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Квант механик — Википедиа нэвтэрхий толь</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mnwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","Нэгдүгээр сар","Хоёрдугаар сар","Гуравдугаар сар","Дөрөвдүгээр сар","Тавдугаар сар","Зургаадугаар сар","Долоодугаар сар","Наймдугаар сар","Есдүгээр сар","Аравдугаар сар","Арваннэгдүгээр сар","Арванхоёрдугаар сар"],"wgRequestId":"5a5a1c37-7a54-4018-8a89-3650d1659bee","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Квант_механик","wgTitle":"Квант механик","wgCurRevisionId":725529,"wgRevisionId":725529,"wgArticleId":34745,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Квант механик","Онолын хими","Физик","Түүхий"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"mn","wgPageContentLanguage":"mn","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "Квант_механик","wgRelevantArticleId":34745,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"mn","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"mn"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":7000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q944","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=mn&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=mn&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=mn&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Max_Planck_%281858-1947%29.jpg/1200px-Max_Planck_%281858-1947%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1685"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Max_Planck_%281858-1947%29.jpg/800px-Max_Planck_%281858-1947%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1124"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Max_Planck_%281858-1947%29.jpg/640px-Max_Planck_%281858-1947%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="899"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Квант механик — Википедиа нэвтэрхий толь"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//mn.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Засварлах" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Википедиа (mn)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//mn.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.mn"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Википедиа-н Atom фийд" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Квант_механик rootpage-Квант_механик skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Үндсэн цэс" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Үндсэн цэс</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Үндсэн цэс</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">хажуугийн цэсэнд шилжүүлэх</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">хумих</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Залуурдагч </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Нүүр хуудаст зочлох [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Нүүр хуудас</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Сүүлийн үед болсон үйл явдлуудын тухай"><span>Одоогийн үйл явдал</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:RecentChanges" title="Википедиа дэх хамгийн сүүлийн өөрчлөлтүүдийн жагсаалт. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Сүүлийн өөрчлөлтүүд</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:Random" title="Дурын хуудсыг дуудах [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Санамсаргүй хуудас</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B6:%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Туслалцааг олох газар."><span>Тусламж</span></a></li><li id="n-index" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81"><span>А — Я хэлхээс</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедиа" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-mn.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-mn.svg" width="120" height="11" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Википедиагаас хайх [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Хайх</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википедиагаас хайх" aria-label="Википедиагаас хайх" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Википедиагаас хайх [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Тусгай:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Хайх</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Хувийн хэрэгсэлүүд"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_mn.wikipedia.org&uselang=mn" class=""><span>Хандив</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Заавал шаарлагатай биш боловч та бүртгүүлж, нэвтэрч орно уу." class=""><span>Бүртгэл үүсгэх</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Таныг нэвтрэхийг зөвлөж байна, гэхдээ энэ бол заавал хийх ёстой зүйл биш. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Нэвтрэх</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Хувийн хэрэгсэлүүд" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Хувийн хэрэгсэлүүд</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_mn.wikipedia.org&uselang=mn"><span>Хандив</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Contribute</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Заавал шаарлагатай биш боловч та бүртгүүлж, нэвтэрч орно уу."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Бүртгэл үүсгэх</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Таныг нэвтрэхийг зөвлөж байна, гэхдээ энэ бол заавал хийх ёстой зүйл биш. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Нэвтрэх</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B6:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:MyTalk" title="Энэ IP хаягаас үйлдсэн засваруудын тухай хэлэлцүүлэг [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Хэлэлцүүлэг</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Гарчиг" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Гарчиг</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">хажуугийн цэсэнд шилжүүлэх</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">хумих</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Эхлэл</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Түүх" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Түүх"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Түүх</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Түүх-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Математик_томъёолол" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Математик_томъёолол"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Математик томъёолол</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Математик_томъёолол-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Бусад_шинжлэх_ухааны_онолууд_ба_квант_механик_онолын_холбоо" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Бусад_шинжлэх_ухааны_онолууд_ба_квант_механик_онолын_холбоо"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Бусад шинжлэх ухааны онолууд ба квант механик онолын холбоо</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Бусад_шинжлэх_ухааны_онолууд_ба_квант_механик_онолын_холбоо-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Бусад шинжлэх ухааны онолууд ба квант механик онолын холбоо хэсгийг нээж хаах</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Бусад_шинжлэх_ухааны_онолууд_ба_квант_механик_онолын_холбоо-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Квант_механик_ба_сонгодог_физик" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Квант_механик_ба_сонгодог_физик"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Квант механик ба сонгодог физик</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Квант_механик_ба_сонгодог_физик-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Квант_механик_ба_Харьцангуйн_онол" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Квант_механик_ба_Харьцангуйн_онол"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Квант механик ба Харьцангуйн онол</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Квант_механик_ба_Харьцангуйн_онол-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Салангид_орны_онолын_оролдлого" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Салангид_орны_онолын_оролдлого"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Салангид орны онолын оролдлого</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Салангид_орны_онолын_оролдлого-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Гүн_ухааны_дүгнэлт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гүн_ухааны_дүгнэлт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Гүн ухааны дүгнэлт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гүн_ухааны_дүгнэлт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хэрэглээ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хэрэглээ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Хэрэглээ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хэрэглээ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Жишээ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Жишээ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Жишээ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Жишээ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Жишээ хэсгийг нээж хаах</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Жишээ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Чөлөөт_эгэл_хэсэг" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Чөлөөт_эгэл_хэсэг"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Чөлөөт эгэл хэсэг</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Чөлөөт_эгэл_хэсэг-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Потенциал_үе_шат" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Потенциал_үе_шат"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Потенциал үе шат</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Потенциал_үе_шат-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тэгш_өнцөгт_потенциал_бэрхшээл" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тэгш_өнцөгт_потенциал_бэрхшээл"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Тэгш өнцөгт потенциал бэрхшээл</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тэгш_өнцөгт_потенциал_бэрхшээл-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хайрцаг_доторх_эгэл_хэсэг" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хайрцаг_доторх_эгэл_хэсэг"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Хайрцаг доторх эгэл хэсэг</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хайрцаг_доторх_эгэл_хэсэг-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хязгаарлагдмал_потенциалын_эх_сурвалж" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хязгаарлагдмал_потенциалын_эх_сурвалж"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Хязгаарлагдмал потенциалын эх сурвалж</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хязгаарлагдмал_потенциалын_эх_сурвалж-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Гармогик_хэлбэлзэлийн_генератор" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гармогик_хэлбэлзэлийн_генератор"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Гармогик хэлбэлзэлийн генератор</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гармогик_хэлбэлзэлийн_генератор-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Мөн..." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Мөн..."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Мөн...</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Мөн...-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ишлэл" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ишлэл"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ишлэл</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ишлэл-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Цааш_нь_унших" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Цааш_нь_унших"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Цааш нь унших</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Цааш_нь_унших-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Гадаад_холбоос" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гадаад_холбоос"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Гадаад холбоос</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гадаад_холбоос-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Гарчиг" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Гарчигийг нээж хаах" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Гарчигийг нээж хаах</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Квант механик</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 135 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-135" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">135 хэлээр</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwantummeganika" title="Kwantummeganika – африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kwantummeganika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantenmechanik" title="Quantenmechanik – швейцари-герман" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Quantenmechanik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцари-герман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanica_quantica" title="Mecanica quantica – арагон" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mecanica quantica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4" title="क्वांटम सिद्धांत – ангик" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="क्वांटम सिद्धांत" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангик" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85" title="ميكانيكا الكم – араб" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميكانيكا الكم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الميكانيكا الكميه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الميكانيكا الكميه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কোৱাণ্টাম বলবিজ্ঞান – ассам" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কোৱাণ্টাম বলবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mec%C3%A1nica_cu%C3%A1ntica" title="Mecánica cuántica – астури" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mecánica cuántica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астури" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvant_mexanikas%C4%B1" title="Kvant mexanikası – азербайжан" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kvant mexanikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайжан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="کوانتوم مکانیکی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوانتوم مکانیکی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Квант механикаһы – башкир" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Квант механикаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкир" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9kanika_kuantum" title="Mékanika kuantum – бали" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mékanika kuantum" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="бали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzalmechanik" title="Fuzalmechanik – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Fuzalmechanik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvant%C4%97n%C4%97_mekan%C4%97ka" title="Kvantėnė mekanėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kvantėnė mekanėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanikang_kwantum" title="Mekanikang kwantum – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mekanikang kwantum" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантавая механіка – беларусь" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Квантавая механіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусь" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантавая мэханіка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Квантавая мэханіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантова механика – болгар" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Квантова механика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="क्वांटम मैकेनिक्स – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="क्वांटम मैकेनिक्स" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কোয়ান্টাম বলবিজ্ঞান – бенгал" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোয়ান্টাম বলবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanikerezh_kwantek" title="Mekanikerezh kwantek – бретон" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mekanikerezh kwantek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika – босни" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kvantna mehanika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босни" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантын механика – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Квантын механика" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mec%C3%A0nica_qu%C3%A0ntica" title="Mecànica quàntica – каталан" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mecànica quàntica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%B4ng-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%84_l%C4%ADk-h%C5%8Fk" title="Liông-cṳ̄ lĭk-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Liông-cṳ̄ lĭk-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%85" title="میکانیکی کوانتۆم – төв курд" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="میکانیکی کوانتۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="төв курд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantov%C3%A1_mechanika" title="Kvantová mechanika – чех" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kvantová mechanika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантла механика – чуваш" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Квантла механика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecaneg_cwantwm" title="Mecaneg cwantwm – уэльс" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mecaneg cwantwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уэльс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantemekanik" title="Kvantemekanik – дани" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kvantemekanik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantenmechanik" title="Quantenmechanik – герман" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quantenmechanik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="герман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Κβαντική μηχανική – грек" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κβαντική μηχανική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics – англи" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Quantum mechanics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantuma_mekaniko" title="Kvantuma mekaniko – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kvantuma mekaniko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mec%C3%A1nica_cu%C3%A1ntica" title="Mecánica cuántica – испани" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mecánica cuántica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantmehaanika" title="Kvantmehaanika – эстони" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kvantmehaanika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстони" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanika_kuantiko" title="Mekanika kuantiko – баск" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mekanika kuantiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mec%C3%A1nica_cu%C3%A1ntica" title="Mecánica cuántica – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mecánica cuántica" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="مکانیک کوانتومی – перс" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مکانیک کوانتومی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="перс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvanttimekaniikka" title="Kvanttimekaniikka – фин" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kvanttimekaniikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantmekaaniga" title="Kvantmekaaniga – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kvantmekaaniga" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9canique_quantique" title="Mécanique quantique – франц" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mécanique quantique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франц" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwantenmechaanik" title="Kwantenmechaanik – хойд фриз" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kwantenmechaanik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="хойд фриз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meicnic_chandamach" title="Meicnic chandamach – ирланд" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meicnic chandamach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9kanik_kantik" title="Mékanik kantik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Mékanik kantik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meacanaigs_quantumach" title="Meacanaigs quantumach – шотландын гел" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Meacanaigs quantumach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландын гел" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mec%C3%A1nica_cu%C3%A1ntica" title="Mecánica cuántica – галего" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mecánica cuántica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галего" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mek%C3%A1nika_ku%C3%A1ntika" title="Mekánika kuántika – гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mekánika kuántika" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מכניקת הקוונטים – еврей" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מכניקת הקוונטים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="еврей" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="प्रमात्रा यान्त्रिकी – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रमात्रा यान्त्रिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Quantum mechanics" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika – хорват" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kvantna mehanika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantummechanika" title="Kvantummechanika – мажар" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kvantummechanika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="мажар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Քվանտային մեխանիկա – армен" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քվանտային մեխանիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армен" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Քուանտային մեգանիկ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Քուանտային մեգանիկ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanica_quantic" title="Mechanica quantic – интерлингво" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mechanica quantic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингво" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum – индонези" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mekanika kuantum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонези" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics – игбо" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Quantum mechanics" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="игбо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantumala_mekaniko" title="Quantumala mekaniko – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Quantumala mekaniko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skammtafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Skammtafræði – исланд" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skammtafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meccanica_quantistica" title="Meccanica quantistica – итали" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Meccanica quantistica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学 – япон" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="量子力学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuantom_mikianix" title="Kuantom mikianix – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kuantom mikianix" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="კვანტური მექანიკა – гүрж" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კვანტური მექანიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="гүрж" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvant_mexanika" title="Kvant mexanika – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kvant mexanika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91%CA%8B%C5%8B_ho%C9%96e" title="Ñʋŋ hoɖe – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ñʋŋ hoɖe" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кванттық механика – казах" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кванттық механика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казах" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಕ್ವಾಂಟಮ್ ಭೌತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ವಾಂಟಮ್ ಭೌತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="양자역학 – солонгос" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="양자역학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="солонгос" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кванттык механика – киргиз" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кванттык механика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргиз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanica_quantica" title="Mechanica quantica – латин" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mechanica quantica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwantummechanica" title="Kwantummechanica – лимбург" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kwantummechanica" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбург" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mec%C3%A0nega_quant%C3%ACstega" title="Mecànega quantìstega – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mecànega quantìstega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantin%C4%97_mechanika" title="Kvantinė mechanika – литва" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kvantinė mechanika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantu_meh%C4%81nika" title="Kvantu mehānika – латви" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kvantu mehānika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латви" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантна механика – македон" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Квантна механика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ക്വാണ്ടം ബലതന്ത്രം – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്വാണ്ടം ബലതന്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="पुंज यामिकी – марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पुंज यामिकी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanik_kuantum" title="Mekanik kuantum – малай" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mekanik kuantum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkanika_kwantistika" title="Mekkanika kwantistika – малта" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mekkanika kwantistika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="малта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ကွမ်တမ်မက္ကင်းနစ် – бирм" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကွမ်တမ်မက္ကင်းနစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирм" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="کوانتومی فیزیک – мазандерани" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کوانتومی فیزیک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандерани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantenmechanik" title="Quantenmechanik – доод герман" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Quantenmechanik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="доод герман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="प्रमात्रा यान्त्रिकी – балба" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्रमात्रा यान्त्रिकी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="балба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="क्वान्टम मेकानिक्स् – невари" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्वान्टम मेकानिक्स्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="невари" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwantummechanica" title="Kwantummechanica – нидерланд" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kwantummechanica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantemekanikk" title="Kvantemekanikk – норвегийн нинорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kvantemekanikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвегийн нинорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantemekanikk" title="Kvantemekanikk – норвегийн букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kvantemekanikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегийн букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanica_quantica" title="Mecanica quantica – окситан" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mecanica quantica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਕੁਆਂਟਮ ਮਕੈਨਿਕਸ – панжаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੁਆਂਟਮ ਮਕੈਨਿਕਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панжаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanika_kwantowa" title="Mechanika kwantowa – польш" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mechanika kwantowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mec%C3%A0nica_qu%C3%A0ntica" title="Mecànica quàntica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mecànica quàntica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%85_%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="کوانٹم مکینکس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کوانٹم مکینکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="کوانټوم میخانیک – пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوانټوم میخانیک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mec%C3%A2nica_qu%C3%A2ntica" title="Mecânica quântica – португал" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mecânica quântica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanic%C4%83_cuantic%C4%83" title="Mecanică cuantică – румын" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mecanică cuantică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантовая механика – орос" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Квантовая механика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орос" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантова механіка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Квантова механіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантовай физика – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Квантовай физика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micc%C3%A0nica_quant%C3%ACstica" title="Miccànica quantìstica – сицил" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Miccànica quantìstica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицил" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics – шотланд" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Quantum mechanics" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%BD%D9%85_%D9%85%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AA%D8%B3" title="ڪوانٽم مڪينڪس – синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪوانٽم مڪينڪس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika – хорватын серб" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kvantna mehanika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="хорватын серб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamikanikt_tasmktant" title="Tamikanikt tasmktant – тачелхит" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tamikanikt tasmktant" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="тачелхит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%80" title="ක්වොන්ටම් යාන්ත්ර විද්යාව – синхала" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්වොන්ටම් යාන්ත්ර විද්යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Quantum mechanics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantov%C3%A1_mechanika" title="Kvantová mechanika – словак" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kvantová mechanika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika – словени" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kvantna mehanika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словени" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanika_kuantike" title="Mekanika kuantike – албани" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mekanika kuantike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантна механика – серб" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Квантна механика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9kanika_kuantum" title="Mékanika kuantum – сундан" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mékanika kuantum" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantmekanik" title="Kvantmekanik – швед" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kvantmekanik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umakanika_kwanta" title="Umakanika kwanta – свахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Umakanika kwanta" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="свахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwantow%C5%8F_mechanika" title="Kwantowŏ mechanika – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kwantowŏ mechanika" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="குவாண்டம் இயங்கியல் – тамил" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குவாண்டம் இயங்கியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="క్వాంటం యాంత్రిక శాస్త్రం – тэлүгү" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్వాంటం యాంత్రిక శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="тэлүгү" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D3%A3" title="Механикаи квантӣ – тажик" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Механикаи квантӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="тажик" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="กลศาสตร์ควอนตัม – тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลศาสตร์ควอนตัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanikang_quantum" title="Mekanikang quantum – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mekanikang quantum" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuantum_mekani%C4%9Fi" title="Kuantum mekaniği – турк" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuantum mekaniği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Квант механикасы – татар" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Квант механикасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="онцлох өгүүлэл"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантова механіка – украин" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Квантова механіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="قدری میکانیات – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قدری میکانیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvant_mexanika" title="Kvant mexanika – узбек" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kvant mexanika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mec%C3%A0nega_cuant%C3%ACstega" title="Mecànega cuantìstega – венец" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mecànega cuantìstega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="венец" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantmehanik" title="Kvantmehanik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kvantmehanik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%A1_h%E1%BB%8Dc_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Cơ học lượng tử – вьетнам" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cơ học lượng tử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanika_kwantum" title="Mekanika kwantum – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mekanika kwantum" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学 – хятад, ву хэл" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="量子力学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="хятад, ву хэл" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%9F-%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7" title="קוואנטן-מעכאניק – иддиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קוואנטן-מעכאניק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="иддиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学 – хятад" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="量子力学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="хятад" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="量子力學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="量子力學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C5%8Dng-ch%C3%BA_le%CC%8Dk-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Liōng-chú le̍k-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Liōng-chú le̍k-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="量子力學 – кантон" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="量子力學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukuguxazela_kohoyana" title="Ukuguxazela kohoyana – зулу" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukuguxazela kohoyana" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q944#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Өөр хэлтэй холбосныг засах" class="wbc-editpage">Холбоос засах</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Нэрний зайнууд"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Өгүүлсэн хуудас [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Өгүүлэл</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%86%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3:%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Хуудсыг зөвшин хэлэлцэх (ийм хуудас байхгүй) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Хэлэлцүүлэг</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">монгол</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Харсан тоо"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA"><span>Унших</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit" title="Энэ хуудсыг VisualEditor-р засварлах [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Засварлах</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодоор засварлах</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=history" title="Энэ хуудсыг зассан түүхийг сөхөн нягтлах [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Түүх</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Хэрэглүүр" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Хэрэглүүр</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Хэрэглүүр</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">хажуугийн цэсэнд шилжүүлэх</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">хумих</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Үйлдэл </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA"><span>Унших</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit" title="Энэ хуудсыг VisualEditor-р засварлах [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Засварлах</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодоор засварлах</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=history"><span>Түүх</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ерөнхий </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:WhatLinksHere/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Энд холбогдсон вики хуудсууд [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Энд холбогдсон хуудас</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:RecentChangesLinked/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" rel="nofollow" title="Энэ хуудаснаас линк хийгдсэн хуудсуудын шинэ өөрчлөлтүүд [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Холбогдох өөрчлөлт</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=mn" title="Зураг буюу медиа файлыг аплоуд хийх [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Файл оруулах</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:SpecialPages" title="Тусгай хуудаснуудын жагсаалт [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Тусгай хуудаснууд</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&oldid=725529" title="Хуудасны одоогийн хувилбар луу очих тогтмол линк"><span>Байнгын холбоос</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Хуудасны мэдээлэл</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:CiteThisPage&page=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&id=725529&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Энэ хуудсыг хэрхэн эшлэх тухай мэдээлэл"><span>Эндээс эш татах</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259A%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2582_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA"><span>Богино URL үүсгэх</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259A%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2582_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA"><span>QR код татаж авах</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Хэвлэх/Экспортлох </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA"><span>Ном руу хувиргах</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF хэлбэрээр татаж авах</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&printable=yes" title="Энэ хуудасны хувилж болох хувилбар [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Хэвлэх хувилбар</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Бусад төсөл </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quantum_mechanics" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q944" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викидата руух холбоос</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">хажуугийн цэсэнд шилжүүлэх</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">хумих</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедиа — Чөлөөт нэвтэрхий толь</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="mn" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Max_Planck_(1858-1947).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Max_Planck_%281858-1947%29.jpg/220px-Max_Planck_%281858-1947%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Max_Planck_%281858-1947%29.jpg/330px-Max_Planck_%281858-1947%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Max_Planck_%281858-1947%29.jpg/440px-Max_Planck_%281858-1947%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="2542" /></a><figcaption>Герман физикч Макс Планк. "Квант механикийн загалмайлсан эцэг" </figcaption></figure> <p><b>Квант механик</b> (КМ, мөн квант физик, квант онол) бол микроскопоор харагдах төдий өчүүхэн хэсэгт өрнөж буй <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Планкийн тогтмол">Планкийн тогтмолын</a> хэмжээний <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Физик">физикийн</a> үзэгдлийг судалдаг физикийн салбар шинжлэх ухаан юм. Квант механик нь <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом">атом</a> болон дэд атомын хэмжээний мужид сонгодог механикийн онолоос хазайдаг байна. Квант механик нь өчүүхэн жижиг эгэл хэсгүүд ба цацраг долгионуудын төлөв байдал мөн <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Энерги">энерги</a> ба материйн харилцан уялдаа холбооны талаарх математик тодорхойлолтыг гаргаж ирдэг. Квант механик Квант орны онолын харьцангуйн хязгааргүй хэлбэр юм. Квант орны онол нь Квант механик болон <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Харьцангуйн онол">Харьцангуйн онол</a> хоёрыг нэгтгэснээр бий болон хөгжжээ. </p><p>Квант механикийн шинэ санаагаар зарим үйл явц энгийн нүдээр ажиглаж болохоор ба гэхдээ зөвхөн энерги болон температурын онцгой (маш өндөр ба маш бага) утгуудад ажиглагдах юм. Квант механик гэдэг нэр нь зарим физик тоо хэмжээсүүд (Латинаар quanta) зөвхөн дангаараа тогтмол биш байдлаар хамааралгүй өөрчлөгдөж байхыг ажиглаж судалснаар гарч ирсэн. Жишээлбэл, атом болон тоон хэлбэрт шилжүүлсэн <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Молекул">молекулын</a> электрон хүрээний өнцөг хурд. Квант механикт долгион нь энерги болон матер гэсэн хоёрдмол шинжтэй байх ба тодорхойгүй байдлын зарчим нь фотон, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Электрон">электрон</a> болон бусад атомын хэмжээний объектын төлөв байдлыг тодорхойлох боломж олгодог. </p><p>Квант механикийн математик томъёололууд нь хийсвэр байдаг. Математик томъёолол буюу долгионы функц нь бөөмийн байрлалын магадлалын далайц, импульс ба бусад физик шинж чанартай холбоотой мэдээллийг өгдөг. Ихэвчлэн долгионы функцтэй холбоотой байдаг математик тэмдэглэгээ болох бра-кет-ийг ойлгоход компекс хувьсагчын функцын онол болон шугаман алгебрын мэдлэг хэрэгтэй. Квантын гармоник осцилотар нь объектын долгионы функцыг боловсруулах ба математик нь дуу авианы эсэргүүцлийг тайлбарладаг. Квант механикийн олон гаргалгаа нь сонгодог механикийн томъёололтой тэр бүр тохирдоггүй байна. Тухайлбал, квант механик загварт огт энерги үгүй муж гэж байхгүй ба системийн зөвшөөрөгдсөн хамгийн бага энергийн муж гэж байдаг гэдэг нь сонгодог механикийн кинетик энерги нь тэгтэй тэнцүү байгаа бие тайван байдалд байна гэдэгтэй зөрчилддөг. Сонгодог статикийн үл өөрчлөгдөх тэг мужийн оронд квант механикийн Жон Вийлерийн эмх замбараагүйн зарчмыг хүлээн зөвшөөрөх болсон байна. </p><p>Квант механикийн эхний загваруудыг 20-р зууны эхний арван жилүүдэд томъёолсон байна. Зэрэг шахуу дэвшүүлсэн Атомын онол болон гэрлийн бөөмлөг чанарын онолууд шинжлэх ухааны баримтаар батлагдаж эхэлж байсан ба эдгээр нь тус тусдаа квантын онолын матер болон цахилгаан соронзон долгион цацралтын талаарх дүр зургийг гаргаж ирсэн. Эхэн үеийн квантын онолыг 1920-оод оны дундуур Вернер Хайзенберг, Макс Борн, матриц механикийг бүтээсэн Паскуал Жордан, Луи де Брогли, Эрвин Шрөдингер (Механик долгион), Вольфганг Паули, Сатендра Нэт Бозе (дэд атомын тоон үзүүлэлт) зэрэг эрдэмтэд дахин тооцоолов. Мөн <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Нильс Бор">Нильс Борын</a> Копенхагены тайлбар нийтэд хүлээн зөвшөөрөгджээ. 1930 онд Дэвид Хильберт, Пол Дирак, Жон фон Нойманн нар квант механикт хэмжилтийг илүү нарийн тэмдэглэх, бодит байдлын талаарх бидний статикийн мэдлэг, ажиглагчийн үүргийн талаарх гүн ухааны эргэцүүлэл зэрэг ажлуудаараа квант механикийг улам нэгдмэл тодорхой хэлбэрт оруулан томъёолсон байна. Квант механик 20-р зуунд физик болон мэргэжлийн бүхий л салбарууд руу салааалан, квант хими, квант электроник, квант оптик, мөн квант мэдээллийн шинжлэх ухаан гэх мэт дэд салбаруудад хуваагдан илүү хөгжжээ. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Түүх"><span id=".D0.A2.D2.AF.D2.AF.D1.85"></span>Түүх</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Түүх" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Түүх"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Математик_томъёолол"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BC.D1.8A.D1.91.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.BB"></span>Математик томъёолол</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Математик томъёолол" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Математик томъёолол"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Бусад_шинжлэх_ухааны_онолууд_ба_квант_механик_онолын_холбоо"><span id=".D0.91.D1.83.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.B4_.D1.88.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B6.D0.BB.D1.8D.D1.85_.D1.83.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BB.D1.83.D1.83.D0.B4_.D0.B1.D0.B0_.D0.BA.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.82_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BB.D1.8B.D0.BD_.D1.85.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.BE"></span>Бусад шинжлэх ухааны онолууд ба квант механик онолын холбоо</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Бусад шинжлэх ухааны онолууд ба квант механик онолын холбоо" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Бусад шинжлэх ухааны онолууд ба квант механик онолын холбоо"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Квант_механик_ба_сонгодог_физик"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.82_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D0.B1.D0.B0_.D1.81.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B3.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.B3_.D1.84.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.BA"></span>Квант механик ба сонгодог физик</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Квант механик ба сонгодог физик" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Квант механик ба сонгодог физик"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Квант_механик_ба_Харьцангуйн_онол"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.82_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D0.B1.D0.B0_.D0.A5.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8C.D1.86.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B3.D1.83.D0.B9.D0.BD_.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BB"></span>Квант механик ба Харьцангуйн онол</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Квант механик ба Харьцангуйн онол" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Квант механик ба Харьцангуйн онол"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Салангид_орны_онолын_оролдлого"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B3.D0.B8.D0.B4_.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BB.D1.8B.D0.BD_.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B4.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.BE"></span>Салангид орны онолын оролдлого</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Салангид орны онолын оролдлого" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Салангид орны онолын оролдлого"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гүн_ухааны_дүгнэлт"><span id=".D0.93.D2.AF.D0.BD_.D1.83.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D0.B4.D2.AF.D0.B3.D0.BD.D1.8D.D0.BB.D1.82"></span>Гүн ухааны дүгнэлт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Гүн ухааны дүгнэлт" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Гүн ухааны дүгнэлт"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Хэрэглээ"><span id=".D0.A5.D1.8D.D1.80.D1.8D.D0.B3.D0.BB.D1.8D.D1.8D"></span>Хэрэглээ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Хэрэглээ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Хэрэглээ"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Жишээ"><span id=".D0.96.D0.B8.D1.88.D1.8D.D1.8D"></span>Жишээ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Жишээ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Жишээ"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Чөлөөт_эгэл_хэсэг"><span id=".D0.A7.D3.A9.D0.BB.D3.A9.D3.A9.D1.82_.D1.8D.D0.B3.D1.8D.D0.BB_.D1.85.D1.8D.D1.81.D1.8D.D0.B3"></span>Чөлөөт эгэл хэсэг</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Чөлөөт эгэл хэсэг" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Чөлөөт эгэл хэсэг"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Потенциал_үе_шат"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BB_.D2.AF.D0.B5_.D1.88.D0.B0.D1.82"></span>Потенциал үе шат</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Потенциал үе шат" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Потенциал үе шат"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Тэгш_өнцөгт_потенциал_бэрхшээл"><span id=".D0.A2.D1.8D.D0.B3.D1.88_.D3.A9.D0.BD.D1.86.D3.A9.D0.B3.D1.82_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BB_.D0.B1.D1.8D.D1.80.D1.85.D1.88.D1.8D.D1.8D.D0.BB"></span>Тэгш өнцөгт потенциал бэрхшээл</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Тэгш өнцөгт потенциал бэрхшээл" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Тэгш өнцөгт потенциал бэрхшээл"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Хайрцаг_доторх_эгэл_хэсэг"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.B0.D0.B9.D1.80.D1.86.D0.B0.D0.B3_.D0.B4.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.85_.D1.8D.D0.B3.D1.8D.D0.BB_.D1.85.D1.8D.D1.81.D1.8D.D0.B3"></span>Хайрцаг доторх эгэл хэсэг</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Хайрцаг доторх эгэл хэсэг" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Хайрцаг доторх эгэл хэсэг"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Хязгаарлагдмал_потенциалын_эх_сурвалж"><span id=".D0.A5.D1.8F.D0.B7.D0.B3.D0.B0.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B3.D0.B4.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8B.D0.BD_.D1.8D.D1.85_.D1.81.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B6"></span>Хязгаарлагдмал потенциалын эх сурвалж</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Хязгаарлагдмал потенциалын эх сурвалж" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Хязгаарлагдмал потенциалын эх сурвалж"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Гармогик_хэлбэлзэлийн_генератор"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D1.85.D1.8D.D0.BB.D0.B1.D1.8D.D0.BB.D0.B7.D1.8D.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.B9.D0.BD_.D0.B3.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80"></span>Гармогик хэлбэлзэлийн генератор</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Гармогик хэлбэлзэлийн генератор" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Гармогик хэлбэлзэлийн генератор"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Мөн..."><span id=".D0.9C.D3.A9.D0.BD..."></span>Мөн...</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Мөн..." class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Мөн..."><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>==Тэмдэглэл== Физик бидний нүдээр </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ишлэл"><span id=".D0.98.D1.88.D0.BB.D1.8D.D0.BB"></span>Ишлэл</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Ишлэл" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Ишлэл"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Цааш_нь_унших"><span id=".D0.A6.D0.B0.D0.B0.D1.88_.D0.BD.D1.8C_.D1.83.D0.BD.D1.88.D0.B8.D1.85"></span>Цааш нь унших</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Цааш нь унших" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Цааш нь унших"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гадаад_холбоос"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B0.D0.B4_.D1.85.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.BE.D1.81"></span>Гадаад холбоос</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Гадаад холбоос" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Гадаад холбоос"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; display: flex"> <div style="padding-right: 5px"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/30px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/45px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/60px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </p> </div> <div> <p>Энэ <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Физик">физикийн</a> тухай өгүүлэл <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:Stub" class="mw-redirect" title="Википедиа:Stub">дутуу дулимаг</a> бичигджээ. <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit">Нэмж гүйцээж</a></span> өгөхийг хүсье. </p> </div> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐847495b4dd‐pc7vp Cached time: 20241128130524 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.031 seconds Real time usage: 0.108 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 118/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1672/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 171/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 9.616 1 -total 100.00% 9.616 1 Загвар:Phys-stub 33.97% 3.266 1 Загвар:Asbox --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key mnwiki:pcache:34745:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241128130524 and revision id 725529. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Квант_механик&oldid=725529">https://mn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Квант_механик&oldid=725529</a>"-с авсан</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:Categories" title="Тусгай:Categories">Ангилал</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ангилал:Квант механик">Квант механик</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Ангилал:Онолын хими">Онолын хими</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ангилал:Физик">Физик</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A2%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ангилал:Түүхий">Түүхий</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Энэ хуудсыг хамгийн сүүлд өөрчилсөн нь 02:43, 20 Гуравдугаар сар 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Тус хуудасны текстийг <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike лицензийн</a> дагуу ашиглах боломжтой; нэмэлт мэдээллийг <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Хэрэглэх нөхцөл</a> хуудаснаас авна уу</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Хувь хүний нууцыг хамгаалах бодлого</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9">Википедиагийн тухай</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%95%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB">Анхааруулга</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Хөгжүүлэгчид</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/mn.wikipedia.org">Статистик</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Күүки мэдэгдэл</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//mn.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Гар утасны хувилбар</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-847495b4dd-wm89r","wgBackendResponseTime":119,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.031","walltime":"0.108","ppvisitednodes":{"value":118,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1672,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":171,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":7,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 9.616 1 -total","100.00% 9.616 1 Загвар:Phys-stub"," 33.97% 3.266 1 Загвар:Asbox"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-847495b4dd-pc7vp","timestamp":"20241128130524","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u041a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a","url":"https:\/\/mn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q944","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q944","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-07-31T09:23:10Z","dateModified":"2023-03-20T02:43:00Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a7\/Max_Planck_%281858-1947%29.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>