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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Outside Russia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Outside_Russia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Outside Russia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Outside_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kashmir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kashmir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kashmir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kashmir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Samovar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1" title="سماور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سماور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سماوار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سماوار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Самауыр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Самауыр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Самавар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Самавар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Самовар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Самовар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сăмавар – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сăмавар" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samofar" title="Samofar – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Samofar" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samowar" title="Samowar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Samowar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovaro" title="Samovaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Samovaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1" title="سماور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سماور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%AA%A8%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4" title="사모바르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사모바르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A5%D5%BC" title="Ինքնաեռ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինքնաեռ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovaro" title="Samovaro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Samovaro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8" title="סמובר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סמובר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8E%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سَماوار – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سَماوار" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Самаурын – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Самаурын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szamov%C3%A1r" title="Szamovár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szamovár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Самовар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Самовар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC" title="സമോവർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സമോവർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1" title="سماور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سماور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samowar" title="Samowar – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Samowar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="サモワール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サモワール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸਮੋਵਾਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਮੋਵਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samowar" title="Samowar – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Samowar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Самовар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Самовар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovari" title="Samovari – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Samovari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Самовар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Самовар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovaari" title="Samovaari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Samovaari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ซาโมวาร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซาโมวาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Самовор – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Самовор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaver" title="Semaver – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Semaver" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Самовар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Самовар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Samovar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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.ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Samovar" title="Special:EditPage/Samovar">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Samovar%22">"Samovar"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Samovar%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Samovar%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Samovar%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Samovar%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Samovar%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" class="extiw" title="ru:Самовар">the corresponding article</a> in Russian</b>.  <i><small>(September 2018)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fru.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80&sl=ru&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Russian article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:Самовар]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|ru|Самовар}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Samovar" title="Talk:Samovar">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fomin_samovar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Fomin_samovar.jpg/210px-Fomin_samovar.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Fomin_samovar.jpg/315px-Fomin_samovar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Fomin_samovar.jpg/420px-Fomin_samovar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2665" data-file-height="3581" /></a><figcaption>Samovar in <a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a>, Russia</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>samovar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">самовар</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[səmɐˈvar]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/45\/Ru-samovar.ogg\/Ru-samovar.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ru-samovar.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Ru-samovar.ogg/Ru-samovar.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru-samovar.ogg" title="File:Ru-samovar.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">self-brewer</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is a metal container traditionally used to heat and boil water. Although originating in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, the samovar is well known outside of Russia and has spread through Russian culture to other parts of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>. Since the heated water is typically used to make <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a>, many samovars have a ring-shaped attachment (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">конфорка</span>, <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">konforka</i></span>) around the chimney to hold and heat a <a href="/wiki/Teapot" title="Teapot">teapot</a> filled with tea concentrate.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though traditionally heated with <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kindling" class="extiw" title="wikt:kindling">kindling</a>, many newer samovars use electricity to heat water in a manner similar to an <a href="/wiki/Electric_water_boiler" title="Electric water boiler">electric water boiler</a>. Antique samovars are often prized for their beautiful workmanship.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Unless that source in Russian says something, it'd be good if a source that shows artisan samovars being sold at a fair was popular (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_samovar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Golden_samovar.jpg/210px-Golden_samovar.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Golden_samovar.jpg/315px-Golden_samovar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Golden_samovar.jpg/420px-Golden_samovar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="770" /></a><figcaption>Russian silver & enamel samovar, late 19th century</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samovar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Samovars are typically crafted out of plain <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">polished brass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a>. A typical samovar consists of a body, base and chimney, cover and steam vent, handles, tap and key, crown and ring, chimney extension and cap, drip-bowl, and teapot. The body shape can be an <a href="/wiki/Urn" title="Urn">urn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krater" title="Krater">krater</a>, barrel, cylinder, or sphere. Sizes and designs vary, from large, "40-pail" ones (though largely metaphorical, food-service sized samovars were often very large indeed), to smaller family-sized ones, holding 4 litres (1.1 US gal), to those of a modest 1 litre (0.26 US gal) size.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A traditional samovar consists of a large metal container with a tap near the bottom and a metal pipe running vertically through the middle. The pipe is filled with solid fuel which is ignited to heat the water in the surrounding container. A small (6 to 8 inch/15 to 20 cm) <a href="/wiki/Chimney" title="Chimney">smoke-stack</a> is put on the top to ensure <a href="/wiki/Stack_effect" title="Stack effect">draft</a>. After the water boils and the fire is extinguished, the smoke-stack can be removed and a <a href="/wiki/Teapot" title="Teapot">teapot</a> placed on top to be heated by the rising hot air. The teapot is used to brew a strong concentrate of tea known as <i>zavarka</i> (<i>заварка</i>). The tea is served by diluting this concentrate with boiled water from the main container, usually at a water-to-tea ratio of 10-to-1, although tastes vary.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samovar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kustodiev_Merchants_Wife.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kustodiev_Merchants_Wife.jpg/250px-Kustodiev_Merchants_Wife.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kustodiev_Merchants_Wife.jpg/375px-Kustodiev_Merchants_Wife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kustodiev_Merchants_Wife.jpg/500px-Kustodiev_Merchants_Wife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption><i>The Merchant's Wife at tea time</i> by <a href="/wiki/Boris_Kustodiev" title="Boris Kustodiev">Boris Kustodiev</a>, showcasing <a href="/wiki/Russian_tea_culture" title="Russian tea culture">Russian tea culture</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samovar_with_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Samovar_with_painting.jpg/220px-Samovar_with_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Samovar_with_painting.jpg/330px-Samovar_with_painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Samovar_with_painting.jpg/440px-Samovar_with_painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="862" /></a><figcaption>Samovar with painting</figcaption></figure> <p>The origin and history of the samovar prior to the 18th century is unknown. Connections exist to a similar Greek water-heater of <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Autepsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Autepsa">autepsa</a>, a vase with a central tube for coal. The Russian tradition was probably influenced by <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> and Central Asian cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversely, Russian culture also influenced Asian, Western European and Byzantine cultures. "Samovar-like" pottery found in <a href="/wiki/Shaki,_Azerbaijan" title="Shaki, Azerbaijan">Shaki, Azerbaijan</a> in 1989 was estimated to be at least 3,600 years old. While it differed from modern samovars in many respects, it contained the distinguishing functional feature of an inner cylindrical tube that increased the area available for heating the water. Unlike modern samovars, the tube was not closed from below, and so the device relied on an external fire (i.e. by placing it above the flame) instead of carrying its fuel and fire internally.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first historically recorded samovar-makers were the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/Lisitsyns" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisitsyns">Lisitsyn</a> brothers, Ivan Fyodorovich and Nazar Fyodorovich. From their childhood they were engaged in metalworking at the brass factory of their father, Fyodor Ivanovich Lisitsyn. In 1778 they made a samovar, and the same year Nazar Lisitsyn registered the first samovar-making factory in Russia. They may not have been the inventors of the samovar, but they were the first documented samovar-makers, and their various and beautiful samovar designs became very influential throughout the later history of samovar-making.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SmithChristian1984_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SmithChristian1984-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These and other early producers lived in <a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a>, a city known for its metalworkers and arms-makers. Since the 18th century Tula has been also the main center of Russian samovar production, with <i>tul'sky samovar</i> being the brand mark of the city. A Russian saying equivalent to "<a href="/wiki/Coal_to_Newcastle" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal to Newcastle">carrying coal to Newcastle</a>" is "to travel to Tula with one's own samovar". Although <a href="/wiki/Central_Russia" title="Central Russia">Central Russia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Ural</a> region were among the first Samovar producers, over time several samovar producers emerged all over Russia, which gave the samovar its different local characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 19th century samovars were already a common feature of <a href="/wiki/Russian_tea_culture" title="Russian tea culture">Russian tea culture</a>. They were produced in large numbers and exported to <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> and other regions. </p><p>The samovar was an important attribute of Russian households and <a href="/wiki/Tavern" title="Tavern">taverns</a> to tea-drinking. It was used by all classes, from the poorest peasants up to the most well-suited people.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Russian expression "to have a sit by the samovar" means to have a leisurely talk while drinking tea from a samovar. In everyday use samovars were an economical permanent source of hot water in older times. Various slow-burning items could be used for fuel, such as charcoal or dry <a href="/wiki/Conifer_cone" title="Conifer cone">pinecones</a>. When not in use, the fire in the samovar pipe faintly smouldered. As needed it could be quickly rekindled with the help of <a href="/wiki/Bellows" title="Bellows">bellows</a>. Although a Russian <a href="/wiki/Jackboot" title="Jackboot">jackboot</a> <i>сапог</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sapog" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapog">sapog</a></i>) could be used for this purpose, bellows were manufactured specifically for use on samovars.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today samovars are popular souvenirs among tourists in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1989_CPA_6043.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baroque samovar, 18th century Samovars, from a 1989 series of USSR postage stamps"><img alt="Baroque samovar, 18th century Samovars, from a 1989 series of USSR postage stamps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/1989_CPA_6043.jpg/120px-1989_CPA_6043.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/1989_CPA_6043.jpg/180px-1989_CPA_6043.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/1989_CPA_6043.jpg/240px-1989_CPA_6043.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="953" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> samovar, 18th century Samovars, from a 1989 series of USSR postage stamps</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1989_CPA_6044.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Barrel type samovar, early 1800s, from a 1989 series of USSR postage stamps"><img alt="Barrel type samovar, early 1800s, from a 1989 series of USSR postage stamps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1989_CPA_6044.jpg/120px-1989_CPA_6044.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1989_CPA_6044.jpg/180px-1989_CPA_6044.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1989_CPA_6044.jpg/240px-1989_CPA_6044.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="954" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Barrel type samovar, early 1800s, from a 1989 series of USSR postage stamps</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1989_CPA_6045.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Squash" type samovar, c. 1830, from a 1989 series of USSR postage stamps"><img alt=""Squash" type samovar, c. 1830, from a 1989 series of USSR postage stamps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/1989_CPA_6045.jpg/120px-1989_CPA_6045.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/1989_CPA_6045.jpg/180px-1989_CPA_6045.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/1989_CPA_6045.jpg/240px-1989_CPA_6045.jpg 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="954" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Squash" type samovar, c. 1830, from a 1989 series of USSR postage stamps</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1989_CPA_6046.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samovar in the form of a classical vase, c. 1840, from a 1989 series of USSR postage stamps"><img alt="Samovar in the form of a classical vase, c. 1840, from a 1989 series of USSR postage stamps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/1989_CPA_6046.jpg/120px-1989_CPA_6046.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/1989_CPA_6046.jpg/180px-1989_CPA_6046.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/1989_CPA_6046.jpg/240px-1989_CPA_6046.jpg 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="956" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Samovar in the form of a classical vase, c. 1840, from a 1989 series of USSR postage stamps</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golsen_samovar_with_cup.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russian silver & enamel samovar with cup & tray, late 19th century"><img alt="Russian silver & enamel samovar with cup & tray, late 19th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Golsen_samovar_with_cup.jpg/120px-Golsen_samovar_with_cup.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Golsen_samovar_with_cup.jpg/180px-Golsen_samovar_with_cup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Golsen_samovar_with_cup.jpg/240px-Golsen_samovar_with_cup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="408" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Russian silver & enamel samovar with cup & tray, late 19th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samovar_by_Georg_Stephan_Dorffer,_Wurzburg,_between_1771-1824_-_Mainfr%C3%A4nkisches_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg,_Germany_-_DSC04536.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samovar by Georg Stephan Dorffer, German museum"><img alt="Samovar by Georg Stephan Dorffer, German museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Samovar_by_Georg_Stephan_Dorffer%2C_Wurzburg%2C_between_1771-1824_-_Mainfr%C3%A4nkisches_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC04536.jpg/120px-Samovar_by_Georg_Stephan_Dorffer%2C_Wurzburg%2C_between_1771-1824_-_Mainfr%C3%A4nkisches_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC04536.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Samovar_by_Georg_Stephan_Dorffer%2C_Wurzburg%2C_between_1771-1824_-_Mainfr%C3%A4nkisches_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC04536.jpg/180px-Samovar_by_Georg_Stephan_Dorffer%2C_Wurzburg%2C_between_1771-1824_-_Mainfr%C3%A4nkisches_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC04536.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Samovar_by_Georg_Stephan_Dorffer%2C_Wurzburg%2C_between_1771-1824_-_Mainfr%C3%A4nkisches_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC04536.jpg/240px-Samovar_by_Georg_Stephan_Dorffer%2C_Wurzburg%2C_between_1771-1824_-_Mainfr%C3%A4nkisches_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC04536.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3581" data-file-height="4539" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Samovar by Georg Stephan Dorffer, German museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samovar_with_teapot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samovar with teapot in Riga, Latvia. Latvia was influenced by the Russian culture and there still exists a Russian-speaking community."><img alt="Samovar with teapot in Riga, Latvia. Latvia was influenced by the Russian culture and there still exists a Russian-speaking community." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Samovar_with_teapot.jpg/120px-Samovar_with_teapot.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Samovar_with_teapot.jpg/180px-Samovar_with_teapot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Samovar_with_teapot.jpg/240px-Samovar_with_teapot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Samovar with teapot in <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>. Latvia was influenced by the Russian culture and there still exists a Russian-speaking community.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Keramick%C3%BD_samovar,_G%C5%BEeljsk%C3%BD_keramick%C3%BD_z%C3%A1vod,_Rusko_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Samovar made out of ceramic (Gzhel samovar)"><img alt="Samovar made out of ceramic (Gzhel samovar)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Keramick%C3%BD_samovar%2C_G%C5%BEeljsk%C3%BD_keramick%C3%BD_z%C3%A1vod%2C_Rusko_02.JPG/113px-Keramick%C3%BD_samovar%2C_G%C5%BEeljsk%C3%BD_keramick%C3%BD_z%C3%A1vod%2C_Rusko_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="113" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Keramick%C3%BD_samovar%2C_G%C5%BEeljsk%C3%BD_keramick%C3%BD_z%C3%A1vod%2C_Rusko_02.JPG/170px-Keramick%C3%BD_samovar%2C_G%C5%BEeljsk%C3%BD_keramick%C3%BD_z%C3%A1vod%2C_Rusko_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Keramick%C3%BD_samovar%2C_G%C5%BEeljsk%C3%BD_keramick%C3%BD_z%C3%A1vod%2C_Rusko_02.JPG/227px-Keramick%C3%BD_samovar%2C_G%C5%BEeljsk%C3%BD_keramick%C3%BD_z%C3%A1vod%2C_Rusko_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Samovar made out of <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gzhel" title="Gzhel">Gzhel</a> samovar)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samovar01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samovar of old production"><img alt="Samovar of old production" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Samovar01.jpg/120px-Samovar01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Samovar01.jpg/180px-Samovar01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Samovar01.jpg/240px-Samovar01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Samovar of old production</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samovar_shar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samovar in Tomsk museum"><img alt="Samovar in Tomsk museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Samovar_shar.jpg/120px-Samovar_shar.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Samovar_shar.jpg/180px-Samovar_shar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Samovar_shar.jpg/240px-Samovar_shar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Samovar in <a href="/wiki/Tomsk" title="Tomsk">Tomsk</a> museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doma._Samovar_na_stole.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samovar on table. Art by Russian painter Sergei Smirnov, made in 1981"><img alt="Samovar on table. Art by Russian painter Sergei Smirnov, made in 1981" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Doma._Samovar_na_stole.jpg/120px-Doma._Samovar_na_stole.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Doma._Samovar_na_stole.jpg/180px-Doma._Samovar_na_stole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Doma._Samovar_na_stole.jpg/240px-Doma._Samovar_na_stole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Samovar on table. Art by Russian painter Sergei Smirnov, made in 1981</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outside_Russia">Outside Russia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samovar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Outside Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Russian word was adopted as <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سماور</span> <i>samovar</i>, and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">semaver</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samovar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isfahan_1210946_nevit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Isfahan_1210946_nevit.jpg/170px-Isfahan_1210946_nevit.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Isfahan_1210946_nevit.jpg/255px-Isfahan_1210946_nevit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Isfahan_1210946_nevit.jpg/340px-Isfahan_1210946_nevit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Samovar in <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Samovar culture has an analog in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and is maintained by expatriates around the world. In Iran, samovars have been used for at least two centuries (roughly since the era of close political and ethnic contact between <a href="/wiki/Russia-Iran_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia-Iran relations">Russia and Iran</a> started), and electrical, oil-burning or natural gas-consuming samovars are still common. Samovar is <i>samăvar</i> in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>. Iranian craftsmen used <a href="/wiki/Persian_art" title="Persian art">Persian art</a> motifs in their samovar production. The Iranian city of <a href="/wiki/Borujerd" title="Borujerd">Borujerd</a> has been the main centre of samovar production and a few workshops still produce hand-made samovars. Borujerd's samovars are often made with <a href="/wiki/Nickel_silver" title="Nickel silver">German silver</a>, in keeping with the famous <a href="/w/index.php?title=Varsho-Sazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varsho-Sazi (page does not exist)">Varsho-Sazi</a> artistic style. The art samovars of Borujerd are often displayed in Iranian and Western museums as illustrations of Iranian art and handicraft.<sup id="cite_ref-Bandehy2016_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandehy2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kashmir">Kashmir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samovar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Kashmir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VideoCapture_20240824-200146.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/VideoCapture_20240824-200146.jpg/220px-VideoCapture_20240824-200146.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="489" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/VideoCapture_20240824-200146.jpg/330px-VideoCapture_20240824-200146.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/VideoCapture_20240824-200146.jpg/440px-VideoCapture_20240824-200146.jpg 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="1197" /></a><figcaption>Kashmiri samavar</figcaption></figure> <p>Kashmiri samovars are made of copper with engraved or embossed calligraphic motifs. In fact in Kashmir, there were two variants of samovar. The copper samovar was used by Muslims and that of brass was used by local Hindus called Kashmiri Pandit. The brass samovars were nickel-plated inside.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inside a samovar there is a fire-container in which charcoal and live coals are placed. Around the fire-container there is a space for water to boil. Green tea leaves, salt, <a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">cardamom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a> are put into the water.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samovar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caydanlik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Caydanlik.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>A <i>çaydanlık</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Turkish samovars are popular souvenirs among tourists, and charcoal burning samovars are still popular in the fields. However, in the modern homes they have been replaced with the <i><b>çaydanlık</b></i> (lit. "teapot"), a metal teapot with a smaller teapot on top taking the place of the cap of the lower one. To make <a href="/wiki/Turkish_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish tea">Turkish tea</a>, the lower part is used to boil the water and the upper part, called <i>demlik</i> is used for concentrated tea. Tea is poured first from the <i>demlik</i> and then diluted to the desired level with plain boiling water from the lower tea kettle. The body is traditionally made of brass or copper, occasionally also silver or gold, but <i>çaydanlık</i> are now also made from stainless steel, aluminium, or ceramics with plastic, steel or aluminium handles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samovar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samovar_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Samovar_2.jpg/90px-Samovar_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Samovar_2.jpg/135px-Samovar_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Samovar_2.jpg/180px-Samovar_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samovar_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Samovar_3.jpg/120px-Samovar_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Samovar_3.jpg/180px-Samovar_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Samovar_3.jpg/240px-Samovar_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samovar_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Samovar_4.jpg/90px-Samovar_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Samovar_4.jpg/135px-Samovar_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Samovar_4.jpg/180px-Samovar_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_samovar_2-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Turkish_samovar_2-1.jpg/90px-Turkish_samovar_2-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Turkish_samovar_2-1.jpg/135px-Turkish_samovar_2-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Turkish_samovar_2-1.jpg/180px-Turkish_samovar_2-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_samovar_2-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Turkish_samovar_2-2.jpg/120px-Turkish_samovar_2-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Turkish_samovar_2-2.jpg/180px-Turkish_samovar_2-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Turkish_samovar_2-2.jpg/240px-Turkish_samovar_2-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_samovar_2-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Turkish_samovar_2-3.jpg/90px-Turkish_samovar_2-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Turkish_samovar_2-3.jpg/135px-Turkish_samovar_2-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Turkish_samovar_2-3.jpg/180px-Turkish_samovar_2-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_samovar_3-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Turkish_samovar_3-1.jpg/90px-Turkish_samovar_3-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Turkish_samovar_3-1.jpg/135px-Turkish_samovar_3-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Turkish_samovar_3-1.jpg/180px-Turkish_samovar_3-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_samovar_3-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Turkish_samovar_3-2.jpg/120px-Turkish_samovar_3-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Turkish_samovar_3-2.jpg/180px-Turkish_samovar_3-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Turkish_samovar_3-2.jpg/240px-Turkish_samovar_3-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_samovar_3-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Turkish_samovar_3-3.jpg/90px-Turkish_samovar_3-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Turkish_samovar_3-3.jpg/135px-Turkish_samovar_3-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Turkish_samovar_3-3.jpg/180px-Turkish_samovar_3-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaver.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Semaver.JPG/120px-Semaver.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Semaver.JPG/180px-Semaver.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Semaver.JPG/240px-Semaver.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samovaro2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Samovaro2.JPG/90px-Samovaro2.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Samovaro2.JPG/135px-Samovaro2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Samovaro2.JPG/180px-Samovaro2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samovar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Authepsa" title="Authepsa">Authepsa</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Kettle" title="Kelly Kettle">Kelly Kettle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percolator" class="mw-redirect" title="Percolator">Percolator</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samovar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ЭЛЕКТРОСАМОВАР ЭСТ 3,0/1,0 - 220, Руководство по эксплуатации, Государственное унитарное предприятие "Машиностроительный завод "Штамп" им. 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Тула</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.samovarnie-tradicii.ru/page/iz-kakikh-metallov-izgotavlivaetsya-samovar">"Из какого металла изготавливают самовары?"</a>. <i>www.samovarnie-tradicii.ru</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.samovarnie-tradicii.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D0%B7+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.samovarnie-tradicii.ru%2Fpage%2Fiz-kakikh-metallov-izgotavlivaetsya-samovar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamovar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMack,_Glenn_Randall2005" class="citation book cs1">Mack, Glenn Randall (2005). <i>Food culture in Russia and Central Asia</i>. Surina, Asele. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+History+of+Central+Florida+Podcast&rft.atitle=Episode+19+Russian+Samovar&rft.date=2014-06-05&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstars.library.ucf.edu%2Fahistoryofcentralfloridapodcast%2F20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamovar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://russiable.com/souvenirs-russia/">"Which souvenirs to buy in Russia? From Matrioskas to Cheburashka"</a>. <i>Russiable</i>. 28 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russiable&rft.atitle=Which+souvenirs+to+buy+in+Russia%3F+From+Matrioskas+to+Cheburashka&rft.date=2017-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frussiable.com%2Fsouvenirs-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamovar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bandehy2016-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bandehy2016_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBandehy2016" class="citation book cs1">Bandehy, Lily (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=09PgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA170"><i>Tasteful memories of Persia</i></a>. EBN SelfPublishing. p. 170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-82-92527-26-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-82-92527-26-9"><bdi>978-82-92527-26-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tasteful+memories+of+Persia&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=EBN+SelfPublishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-82-92527-26-9&rft.aulast=Bandehy&rft.aufirst=Lily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D09PgCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamovar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002144420/http://www.kashmir.net/handicrafts/cu.html">"Original Kashmiri Samovar"</a>. Kashmir.net. 8 June 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kashmir.net/handicrafts/cu.html">the original</a> on 2 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Original+Kashmiri+Samovar&rft.pub=Kashmir.net&rft.date=2012-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kashmir.net%2Fhandicrafts%2Fcu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamovar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koausa.org/Misc/Samovar.html">"Kashmiri Samovar"</a>. kousa.org. 8 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kashmiri+Samovar&rft.pub=kousa.org&rft.date=2012-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koausa.org%2FMisc%2FSamovar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamovar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samovar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsrafil1990" class="citation cs2">Israfil, Nabi (1990), <i>Samovars: The Art of the Russian Metal Workers</i>, Fil Caravan, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9629138-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9629138-0-8"><bdi>978-0-9629138-0-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Samovars%3A+The+Art+of+the+Russian+Metal+Workers&rft.pub=Fil+Caravan&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-9629138-0-8&rft.aulast=Israfil&rft.aufirst=Nabi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamovar" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samovar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Samovars" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Samovars">Samovars</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/samovar" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:samovar">samovar</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stars.library.ucf.edu/ahistoryofcentralfloridapodcast/20/">Russian Samovar</a> at A History of Central Florida Podcast</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russianteacake.com/what-is-a-russian-samovar/">Making tea with a Samavar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201124114728/http://www.russianteacake.com/what-is-a-russian-samovar">Archived</a> 24 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at RussianTeaCake.com</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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shawl">Pavlovo Posad shawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaked_cap" title="Peaked cap">Peaked cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podvorotnichok" title="Podvorotnichok">Podvorotnichok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_lace" title="Russian lace">Russian lace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_cap" title="Sailor cap">Sailor cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarafan" title="Sarafan">Sarafan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalin_tunic" title="Stalin tunic">Stalinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telnyashka" title="Telnyashka">Telnyashka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushanka" title="Ushanka">Ushanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valenki" title="Valenki">Valenki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical<br />instruments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balalaika" title="Balalaika">Balalaika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garmon" title="Garmon">Garmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gusli" title="Gusli">Gusli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayan_(accordion)" title="Bayan (accordion)">Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_guitar" title="Russian guitar">Russian guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoon_(musical_instrument)" title="Spoon (musical instrument)">Musical spoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treshchotka" title="Treshchotka">Treshchotka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Toy" title="Toy">Toys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_of_Happiness_(toy)" title="Bird of Happiness (toy)">Bird of Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheburashka" title="Cheburashka">Cheburashka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filimonovo_toy" title="Filimonovo toy">Filimonovo toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dymkovo_toys" title="Dymkovo toys">Dymkovo toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargopol_toys" title="Kargopol toys">Kargopol toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matryoshka_doll" title="Matryoshka doll">Matryoshka doll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrushka" title="Petrushka">Petrushka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Izba" title="Izba">Izba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faberg%C3%A9_egg" title="Fabergé egg">Fabergé egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_stove" title="Russian stove">Russian stove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashka" title="Shashka">Shashka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tula_pryanik" title="Tula pryanik">Tula pryanik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyazma_pryanik" title="Vyazma pryanik">Vyazma pryanik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tea_(Camellia_sinensis)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Teas" title="Template:Teas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Teas" title="Template talk:Teas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Teas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Teas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tea_(Camellia_sinensis)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">Tea</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_sinensis" title="Camellia sinensis">Camellia sinensis</a></i>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea" title="History of tea">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common <br />varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_tea" title="Black tea">Black tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assam_tea" title="Assam tea">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyi_tea" title="Wuyi tea">Bohea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#Ceylon_black_tea" title="Tea production in Sri Lanka">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congou" title="Congou">Congou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darjeeling_tea" title="Darjeeling tea">Darjeeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianhong" title="Dianhong">Dianhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Monkey_tea" title="Golden Monkey tea">Golden Monkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Jun_Mei_tea" title="Jin Jun Mei tea">Jin Jun Mei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangra_tea" title="Kangra tea">Kangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keemun" title="Keemun">Keemun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_tea" title="Nilgiri tea">Nilgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_tea" title="Sikkim tea">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibeti" title="Tibeti">Tibeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rize_tea" title="Rize tea">Rize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingdehong_tea" title="Yingdehong tea">Yingdehong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oolong" title="Oolong">Oolong tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bai_Jiguan_tea" title="Bai Jiguan tea">Bai Jiguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_Tian_Yao_tea" title="Ban Tian Yao tea">Ban Tian Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baozhong_tea" title="Baozhong tea">Baozhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu_Zhi_Chun_tea" title="Bu Zhi Chun tea">Bu Zhi Chun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Hong_Pao" title="Da Hong Pao">Da Hong Pao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Ding_tea" title="Dong Ding tea">Dong ding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfang_meiren" title="Dongfang meiren">Dongfang meiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fo_Shou_tea" title="Fo Shou tea">Fo Shou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-mountain_tea" title="High-mountain tea">Gaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangjin_Gui" title="Huangjin Gui">Huangjin Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Meigui_tea" title="Huang Meigui tea">Huang Meigui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Xuan_tea" title="Jin Xuan tea">Jin Xuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qilan_tea" title="Qilan tea">Qilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rougui_tea" title="Rougui tea">Rougui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruan_zhi" title="Ruan zhi">Ruan zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shui_Jin_Gui_tea" title="Shui Jin Gui tea">Shui Jin Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shui_Xian" title="Shui Xian">Shui Xian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieluohan_tea" title="Tieluohan tea">Tieluohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieguanyin" title="Tieguanyin">Tieguanyin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Green_tea" title="Green tea">Green tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anji_bai_cha" title="Anji bai cha">Anji bai cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aracha" title="Aracha">Aracha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baimao_Hou" title="Baimao Hou">Baimao Hou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bancha" title="Bancha">Bancha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biluochun" title="Biluochun">Biluochun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chun_Mee" title="Chun Mee">Chun Mee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dafang_tea" title="Dafang tea">Dafang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genmaicha" title="Genmaicha">Genmaicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an_Melon_Seed_tea" title="Lu'an Melon Seed tea">Lu'an Melon Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_tea" title="Gunpowder tea">Gunpowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyokuro" title="Gyokuro">Gyokuro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Djicha" title="Hōjicha">Hōjicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_houkui" title="Taiping houkui">Taiping houkui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_Maofeng" title="Huangshan Maofeng">Huangshan Maofeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyson" title="Hyson">Hyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sencha#Kabusecha" title="Sencha">Kabusecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamairicha" title="Kamairicha">Kamairicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konacha" title="Konacha">Konacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukicha" title="Kukicha">Kukicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjing_tea" title="Longjing tea">Longjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matcha" title="Matcha">Matcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang_Maojian_tea" title="Xinyang Maojian tea">Maojian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_(tea)" title="Mecha (tea)">Mecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengding_Ganlu_tea" title="Mengding Ganlu tea">Mengding Ganlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sencha" title="Sencha">Sencha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sencha#Shincha" title="Sencha">Shincha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamaryokucha" title="Tamaryokucha">Tamaryokucha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_tea" title="White tea">White tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baimudan_tea" title="Baimudan tea">Bai Mudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baihao_Yinzhen" title="Baihao Yinzhen">Baihao Yinzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoumei_tea" title="Shoumei tea">Shoumei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yellow_tea" title="Yellow tea">Yellow tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junshan_Yinzhen" title="Junshan Yinzhen">Junshan Yinzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huoshan_Huangya_tea" title="Huoshan Huangya tea">Huoshan Huangya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermented_tea" title="Fermented tea">Fermented tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_tea" title="Pu'er tea">Pu-erh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doncha" title="Doncha">Doncha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahpet" title="Lahpet">Lahpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombucha" title="Kombucha">Kombucha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tea_blending_and_additives" title="Tea blending and additives">Blended or <br />flavoured teas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Grey_tea" title="Earl Grey tea">Earl Grey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lady_Grey_(tea)" title="Lady Grey (tea)">Lady Grey</a>)</li> <li>Breakfast tea (<a href="/wiki/English_breakfast_tea" title="English breakfast tea">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_breakfast_tea" title="Irish breakfast tea">Irish</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasmine_tea" title="Jasmine tea">Jasmine tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapsang_souchong" title="Lapsang souchong">Lapsang souchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_chai" title="Masala chai">Masala chai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_mint_tea" title="Maghrebi mint tea">Maghrebi mint tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_tea_blend" title="Prince of Wales tea blend">Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Caravan" title="Russian Caravan">Russian Caravan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strobilanthes_tonkinensis" title="Strobilanthes tonkinensis">Strobilanthes tonkinensis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_Australia" title="Tea in Australia">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_tea" title="Arabic tea">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tea in the United Kingdom">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_tea" title="Ceylon tea">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_tea" title="Chinese tea">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_tea" title="Korean tea">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_tea" title="Nepali tea">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_tea" title="Taiwanese tea">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_Turkey" title="Tea in Turkey">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_tea" title="Vietnamese tea">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tea_culture" title="Tea culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Customs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_(meal)" title="Tea (meal)">Afternoon/High tea/Evening meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_party" title="Tea party">Tea party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasseography" title="Tasseography">Tasseography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_tea_ceremony" title="East Asian tea ceremony">East Asian tea ceremony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gongfu_tea" title="Gongfu tea">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yum_cha" title="Yum cha">Yum cha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremony" title="Japanese tea ceremony">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_tea_ceremony" title="Korean tea ceremony">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_tea_culture" title="Taiwanese tea culture">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_tea_ceremony" title="Ryukyuan tea ceremony">Ryukyuan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_garden" title="Tea garden">Tea garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teahouse" title="Teahouse">Teahouse or tearoom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cha_chaan_teng" title="Cha chaan teng">Cha chaan teng</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chashitsu" title="Chashitsu">Chashitsu</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mizuya" title="Mizuya">Mizuya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sukiya-zukuri" title="Sukiya-zukuri">Sukiya-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roji" title="Roji">Roji</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_tea_culture" title="American tea culture">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_tea_culture" title="Argentine tea culture">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_tea_culture" title="Azerbaijani tea culture">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_tea_culture" title="Brazilian tea culture">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_tea_culture" title="Chinese tea culture">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_tea_culture" title="Dominican tea culture">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_tea_culture" title="Hong Kong tea culture">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_tea_culture" title="Indian tea culture">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_culture_in_Japan" title="Tea culture in Japan">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_tea_culture" title="Mexican tea culture">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_tea_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani tea culture">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_tea_culture" title="Russian tea culture">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_tea_culture" title="Senegalese tea culture">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_tea_culture" title="Taiwanese tea culture">Taiwanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea" title="History of tea">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="History of tea in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea_in_India" title="History of tea in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea_in_Japan" title="History of tea in Japan">Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production and <br />distribution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_leaf_grading" title="Tea leaf grading">Leaf grading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_processing" title="Tea processing">Processing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decaffeination" title="Decaffeination">Decaffeination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_tasting" title="Tea tasting">Tasting</a></li> <li>Cultivation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tea_diseases" title="List of tea diseases">Diseases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tea_companies" title="List of tea companies">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tea_consumption_per_capita" title="List of countries by tea consumption per capita">Consumption by country</a></li> <li>Auctions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Tea_Auction" title="London Tea Auction">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Tea_Auction" title="Chittagong Tea Auction">Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati_Tea_Auction_Centre" title="Guwahati Tea Auction Centre">Guwahati</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_country" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Bangladesh" title="Tea production in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Indonesia" title="Tea production in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Kenya" title="Tea production in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Rwanda" title="Tea production in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Tea production in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_the_United_States" title="Tea production in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flowering_tea" title="Flowering tea">Flowering teas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infusion" title="Infusion">Infusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressed_tea" title="Compressed tea">Compressed tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decoction" title="Decoction">Decoction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3103" title="ISO 3103">ISO procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeping" title="Steeping">Steeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_bag" title="Tea bag">Tea bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_lady" title="Tea lady">Tea lady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_tea" title="Health effects of tea">Health effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_tea" title="Phenolic content in tea">Phenolic content</a></li> <li>Compounds <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theanine" title="Theanine">Theanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavan-3-ol" title="Flavan-3-ol">Flavan-3-ol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechin" title="Catechin">Catechin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigallocatechin_gallate" title="Epigallocatechin gallate">Epigallocatechin gallate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theaflavin" title="Theaflavin">Theaflavin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tea-based <br />drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_tea" title="Bubble tea">Bubble tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Builder%27s_tea" title="Builder's tea">Builder's tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_milk_tea" title="Burmese milk tea">Burmese milk tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter_tea" title="Butter tea">Butter tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifir" title="Chifir">Chifir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doodh_pati_chai" title="Doodh pati chai">Doodh pati chai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93style_milk_tea" title="Hong Kong–style milk tea">Hong Kong–style milk tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iced_tea" title="Iced tea">Iced tea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Palmer_(drink)" title="Arnold Palmer (drink)">Arnold Palmer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagertee" title="Jagertee">Jagertee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahwah" title="Kahwah">Kahwah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_cha" title="Lei cha">Lei cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_tea" title="Milk tea">Milk tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noon_chai" title="Noon chai">Noon chai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven-color_tea" title="Seven-color tea">Seven-color tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahi_haleeb" title="Shahi haleeb">Shahi haleeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suutei_tsai" title="Suutei tsai">Suutei tsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_tea" title="Sweet tea">Sweet tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teh_tarik" title="Teh tarik">Teh tarik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_tea" title="Thai tea">Thai tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuenyeung" title="Yuenyeung">Yuenyeung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teaware" title="Teaware">Teaware</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_chest" title="Tea chest">Chest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_caddy" title="Tea caddy">Caddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chawan" title="Chawan">Chawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infuser" title="Infuser">Infuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_strainer" title="Tea strainer">Strainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teacup" title="Teacup">Teacup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teapot" title="Teapot">Teapot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaiwan" title="Gaiwan">Gaiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_set" title="Tea set">Tea set</a></li></ul></li> <li>Literature <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_classics" title="Tea classics">Tea classics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_teas" title="List of Chinese teas">List of Chinese teas</a></li> <li>Teas of related species <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_japonica" title="Camellia japonica">Camellia japonica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_sasanqua" title="Camellia sasanqua">Camellia sasanqua</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_taliensis" title="Camellia taliensis">Camellia taliensis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Tea research <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lipton_Institute_of_Tea" title="Lipton Institute of Tea">Lipton Institute of Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Research_and_Extension_Station" title="Tea Research and Extension Station">Tea Research and Extension Station</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Herbal_tea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Herbal tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_tea" title="Cannabis tea">Cannabis tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamomile" title="Chamomile">Chamomile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime_tea" title="Dried lime tea">Dried lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_tea" title="Ginger tea">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilex_guayusa" title="Ilex guayusa">Guayusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koththamalli" title="Koththamalli">Koththamalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuding" title="Kuding">Kuding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mate_(drink)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mate (drink)">Mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooibos" title="Rooibos">Rooibos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tea" title="Category:Tea">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkish_cuisine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkish_cuisine" title="Template:Turkish cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkish_cuisine" title="Template talk:Turkish cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkish_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkish cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turkish_cuisine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Non-alcoholic beverages</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/M%C4%B1rra" title="Mırra">Mırra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pekmez" title="Pekmez">Pekmez</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rize_tea" title="Rize tea">Rize tea</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salep" title="Salep">Salep</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ealgam" class="mw-redirect" title="Şalgam">Şalgam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharbat (beverage)">Şerbet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1ra" title="Şıra">Şıra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Turkish coffee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_Turkey" title="Tea in Turkey">Turkish tea</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Fermented_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermented beverage">Fermented beverages</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran">Ayran</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hardaliye" title="Hardaliye">Hardaliye</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boza" title="Boza">Boza</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kefir" title="Kefir">Kefir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yay%C4%B1k_ayran%C4%B1" title="Yayık ayranı">Yayık ayranı</a></dd> <dt>Beers</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Turkey" title="Beer in Turkey">Beer in Turkey</a></b> (main article)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Efes_Beverage_Group" title="Efes Beverage Group">Efes</a></dd> <dd>Bomonti</dd> <dd>Pera</dd> <dd>GaraGuzu</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tekel_Biras%C4%B1" title="Tekel Birası">Tekel</a> (inactive)</dd> <dt>Distilled beverages</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rak%C4%B1" title="Rakı">Rakı</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Kanyak</a></dd> <dt>Wines</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Turkish_wine" title="Turkish wine">Turkish wine</a></b> (main article)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Adakaras%C4%B1" title="Adakarası">Adakarası</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bo%C4%9Fazkere" title="Boğazkere">Boğazkere</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C3%87alkaras%C4%B1" title="Çalkarası">Çalkarası</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kalecik_Karas%C4%B1" title="Kalecik Karası">Kalecik Karası</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C3%96k%C3%BCzg%C3%B6z%C3%BC" title="Öküzgözü">Öküzgözü</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Papazkaras%C4%B1" title="Papazkarası">Papazkarası</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bazlama" title="Bazlama">Bazlama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyoz" title="Boyoz">Boyoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halguane" class="mw-redirect" title="Halguane">Çerkes simidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6zleme" title="Gözleme">Gözleme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandil_simidi" title="Kandil simidi">Kandil simidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattama" class="mw-redirect" title="Kattama">Katmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavash" title="Lavash">Lavaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokul" title="Nokul">Nokul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Pide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boortsog" title="Boortsog">Pişi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poga%C4%8Da" title="Pogača">Poğaça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saj_bread" title="Saj bread">Saj bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simit" title="Simit">Simit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor_bread" title="Tandoor bread">Tandır bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kete_(food)" title="Kete (food)">Kete (food)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Appetizers<br />and salads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">Meze</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammara" title="Muhammara">Acuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakla_Ezmesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakla Ezmesi">Bakla Ezmesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzatziki" title="Tzatziki">Cacık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87i%C4%9F_k%C3%B6fte" title="Çiğ köfte">Çiğ köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87oban_salatas%C4%B1" title="Çoban salatası">Çoban salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasswort_salad" title="Glasswort salad">Deniz börülcesi salatası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Humus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatiq" title="Qatiq">Katık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">İçli köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0mam_bay%C4%B1ld%C4%B1" title="İmam bayıldı">İmam bayıldı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_blossom" title="Squash blossom">Kabak çiçeği dolması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1s%C4%B1r" title="Kısır">Kısır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokoretsi" title="Kokoretsi">Kokoreç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakerda" title="Lakerda">Lakerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercimek_k%C3%B6ftesi" title="Mercimek köftesi">Mercimek köftesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_mussels" title="Stuffed mussels">Midye dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastirma" title="Pastirma">Pastırma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggplant_salads_and_appetizers" title="Eggplant salads and appetizers">Patlıcan salatası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaki" title="Pilaki">Pilaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyaz" title="Piyaz">Piyaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarma_(food)" title="Sarma (food)">Sarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujuk" title="Sujuk">Sucuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eak%C5%9Fuka" title="Şakşuka">Şakşuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taramasalata" title="Taramasalata">Taramasalata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarator" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarator">Tarator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cold_bulgur_soup" title="Turkish cold bulgur soup">Turkish cold bulgur soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">Yoğurt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beyaz_peynir" title="Beyaz peynir">Beyaz peynir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braided_cheese" title="Braided cheese">Braided cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_cheese" title="Circassian cheese">Circassian cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_peyniri" title="Civil peyniri">Civil peyniri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C3%B6mlek_cheese" title="Çömlek cheese">Çömlek cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolaz_cheese" title="Dolaz cheese">Dolaz cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloumi" title="Halloumi">Hellim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kars_gravyer_cheese" title="Kars gravyer cheese">Kars gravyer cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasseri" title="Kasseri">Kaşar cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashkaval" title="Kashkaval">Kaşkaval cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCnefe_peyniri" title="Künefe peyniri">Künefe peyniri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava%C5%9F_cheese" title="Lavaş cheese">Lavaş cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizithra" title="Mizithra">Lor cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihali%C3%A7_Peyniri" title="Mihaliç Peyniri">Mihaliç cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saganaki_cheese" title="Saganaki cheese">Saganaki cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleme_peyniri" class="mw-redirect" title="Teleme peyniri">Teleme peyniri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomas_peyniri" title="Tomas peyniri">Tomas peyniri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulum_cheese" title="Tulum cheese">Tulum cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_herbed_cheese" title="Van herbed cheese">Van herbed cheese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chorba" title="Chorba">Çorba</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal%C4%B1_k%C4%B1zl%C4%B1_soup" title="Analı kızlı soup">Analı kızlı soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1k_%C3%A7orbas%C4%B1" title="Balık çorbası">Balık çorbası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezogelin_soup" title="Ezogelin soup">Ezogelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripe_chorba" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripe chorba">İşkembe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_sorrel_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep sorrel soup">Kuzukulağı çorbası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil_soup" title="Lentil soup">Mercimek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarhana" title="Tarhana">Tarhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyga_soup" title="Toyga soup">Toyga soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yayla_%C3%A7orbas%C4%B1" title="Yayla çorbası">Yayla çorbası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_reshteh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash reshteh">Erişte aşı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keledo%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Keledoş">Keledoş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khash_(dish)" title="Khash (dish)">Kelle paça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_soup" title="Chicken soup">Chicken soup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnavut_ci%C4%9Feri" title="Arnavut ciğeri">Arnavut ciğeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_quinces" title="Stuffed quinces">Ayva dolması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1k_ekmek" title="Balık ekmek">Balık ekmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rek" title="Börek">Börek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C4%9Fu_kebab%C4%B1" title="Buğu kebabı">Buğu kebabı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">Bulgur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Cantik_Pide" title="Bursa Cantik Pide">Bursa Cantik Pide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87orbal%C4%B1k_kesme" title="Çorbalık kesme">Çorbalık kesme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eevketibostan_yeme%C4%9Fi" title="Şevketibostan yemeği">Şevketibostan yemeği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0irden" class="mw-redirect" title="Širden">Şırdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chebureki" title="Chebureki">Çiğ börek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1lb%C4%B1r" title="Çılbır">Çılbır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colocasia_with_lamb" title="Colocasia with lamb">Colocasia with lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_poppy_with_lamb" title="Corn poppy with lamb">Corn poppy with lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_tomatoes" title="Stuffed tomatoes">Domates dolması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etli_makarna" title="Etli makarna">Etli makarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabakl%C4%B1_peynirli_b%C3%B6rek" title="Kabaklı peynirli börek">Kabaklı peynirli börek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavurma" title="Kavurma">Kavurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesme" title="Kesme">Erişte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khash_(dish)" title="Khash (dish)">Kelle Paça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6mbe" title="Kömbe">Kömbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_meatballs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry meatballs">Kuru köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_apples" title="Stuffed apples">Elma dolması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harput_meatballs" title="Harput meatballs">Harput meatballs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispanakl%C4%B1_Selanik_B%C3%B6re%C4%9Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispanaklı Selanik Böreği">Ispanaklı Selanik Böreği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C3%A7li_Pide" class="mw-redirect" title="İçli Pide">İçli Pide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrna_meatballs" title="Smyrna meatballs">İzmir köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapuska" title="Kapuska">Kapuska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karn%C4%B1yar%C4%B1k" title="Karnıyarık">Karnıyarık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fkek" title="Keşkek">Keşkek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuru_fasulye" title="Kuru fasulye">Kuru fasulye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A2pa" title="Lâpa">Lâpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahmajoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahmajoun">Lahmacun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepsi_(dish)" title="Lepsi (dish)">Lepsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libje_lebje_basta" title="Libje lebje basta">Libje lebje basta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallow_with_lamb" title="Mallow with lamb">Mallow with lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manti_(food)" title="Manti (food)">Mantı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menemen_(food)" title="Menemen (food)">Menemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirik_meatball" title="Mirik meatball">Mirik meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussaka" title="Moussaka">Musakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggplant_papucaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Eggplant papucaki">Papucaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_eggplant" title="Stuffed eggplant">Patlıcan dolması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_eggplant" title="Fried eggplant">Patlıcan kızartması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patl%C4%B1canl%C4%B1_kebap" title="Patlıcanlı kebap">Patlıcan kebabı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdeli_pilav" title="Perdeli pilav">Perdeli pilav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">Pilav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyaziye" title="Piyaziye">Piyaziye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puf_B%C3%B6re%C4%9Fi" title="Puf Böreği">Puf Böreği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siron_(food)" title="Siron (food)">Siron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_B%C3%B6re%C4%9Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Su Böreği">Su Böreği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Soğan dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tas_kebap" class="mw-redirect" title="Tas kebap">Tas kebap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_b%C3%B6re%C4%9Fi" title="Tatar böreği">Tatar böreği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrl%C3%BC" title="Türlü">Türlü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzun_eri%C5%9Fte" title="Uzun erişte">Uzun erişte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_k%C3%B6fte" title="Van köfte">Van köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahni" title="Yahni">Yahni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grilled meats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adana_kebab%C4%B1" title="Adana kebabı">Adana kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ak%C3%A7aabat_meatballs" class="mw-redirect" title="Akçaabat meatballs">Akçaabat meatballs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alinazik_kebab" title="Alinazik kebab">Alinazik kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyti_kebab" title="Beyti kebab">Beyti kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C4%9F_kebab%C4%B1" title="Cağ kebabı">Cağ kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">Döner kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0neg%C3%B6l_meatballs" title="İnegöl meatballs">İnegöl meatballs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0skender_kebap" title="İskender kebap">İskender kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Köfte</a></li> <li>Miskender</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patl%C4%B1canl%C4%B1_kebap" title="Patlıcanlı kebap">Eggplant kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pideli_k%C3%B6fte" title="Pideli köfte">Pideli köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">Şiş kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_k%C3%B6fte" class="mw-redirect" title="Şiş köfte">Şiş köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_taouk" title="Shish taouk">Şiş tavuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_meatballs" title="Tire meatballs">Tire meatballs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_desserts" title="List of Turkish desserts">Turkish desserts</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ac%C4%B1badem_kurabiyesi" title="Acıbadem kurabiyesi">Acıbadem kurabiyesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashure" title="Ashure">Aşure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quince_dessert" class="mw-redirect" title="Quince dessert">Ayva tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balparmak_tatl%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Balparmak tatlısı">Balparmak tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClb%C3%BCl_yuvas%C4%B1" title="Bülbül yuvası">Bülbül yuvası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchkhela" title="Churchkhela">Cevizli sucuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_stuffed_figs" title="Walnut stuffed figs">Cevizli kuru incir tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cevizli_Irmik_Tatl%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Cevizli Irmik Tatlısı">Cevizli Irmik Tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cezerye" title="Cezerye">Cezerye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilber_duda%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Dilber dudağı">Dilber dudağı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibile" title="Dibile">Dibile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dondurma" title="Dondurma">Dondurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekmek_kaday%C4%B1f%C4%B1" title="Ekmek kadayıfı">Ekmek kadayıfı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fig_roll" title="Fig roll">Fig roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia_dessert" title="Phoenicia dessert">Fenike tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClla%C3%A7" title="Güllaç">Güllaç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Helva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady%27s_navel" title="Lady's navel">Hanım göbeği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C5%9Faf" title="Hoşaf">Hoşaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C5%9Fmerim" title="Hoşmerim">Hoşmerim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispanakl%C4%B1_kek" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispanaklı kek">Ispanaklı kek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir_Bomb_Kurabiye" title="İzmir Bomb Kurabiye">İzmir Bomb Kurabiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabak_tatl%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Kabak tatlısı">Kabak tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalburabast%C4%B1" title="Kalburabastı">Kalburabastı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavala_Almond_Cookies" title="Kavala Almond Cookies">Kavala Almond Cookies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazandibi" title="Kazandibi">Kazandibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaysefe" title="Kaysefe">Kaysefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marron_glac%C3%A9" title="Marron glacé">Kestane şekeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fk%C3%BCl" title="Keşkül">Keşkül</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6yl%C3%BC_pastas%C4%B1" title="Köylü pastası">Köylü pastası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Kurabiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanafeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanafeh">Künefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokma" title="Lokma">Lokma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Lokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macun" title="Macun">Macun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesir_macunu" title="Mesir macunu">Mesir macunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%9Fla_halkas%C4%B1" title="Muğla halkası">Muğla halkası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhallebi" title="Muhallebi">Muhallebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murabbal%C4%B1_mecidiye" title="Murabbalı mecidiye">Murabbalı mecidiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevzine_tatl%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Nevzine tatlısı">Nevzine tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcik_candy" title="Orcik candy">Orcik candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepe%C3%A7ura" title="Pepeçura">Pepeçura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pestil" title="Pestil">Pestil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boortsog" title="Boortsog">Pişi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%9Fmaniye" title="Pişmaniye">Pişmaniye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eambali" title="Şambali">Şambali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eekerpare" title="Şekerpare">Şekerpare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1ll%C4%B1k" title="Şıllık">Şıllık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supangle" title="Supangle">Supangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_pudding" title="Rice pudding">Sütlaç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">Revani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtl%C3%BC_Nuriye" title="Sütlü Nuriye">Sütlü Nuriye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%B6biyet" title="Şöbiyet">Şöbiyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">Tahin</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pekmez" title="Pekmez">pekmez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahini roll">Tahini roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavuk_g%C3%B6%C4%9Fs%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Tavuk göğsü">Tavukgöğsü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tres_leches_cake#Variations" title="Tres leches cake">Trileçe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulumba" title="Tulumba">Tulumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_kurabiye" title="Flour kurabiye">Un kurabiyesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizier%27s_fingers" title="Vizier's fingers">Vezir parmağı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerde" title="Zerde">Zerde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequent ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Vegetables</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">Bean</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">Bell pepper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">Eggplant</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leek" title="Leek">Leek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">Spinach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomato</a></dd> <dt>Herbs & spices</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">Almond</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnut</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dried_apricot" title="Dried apricot">Dried apricot</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peppermint" title="Peppermint">Mint</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">Nut</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Onion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">Pistachio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_pepper" title="Aleppo pepper">Pul biber</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Red pepper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Urfa_biber" title="Urfa biber">Urfa pepper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnut</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unique instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cezve" title="Cezve">Cezve</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Çaydanlık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan_(cookware)" title="Kazan (cookware)">Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_(barbecue)" title="Mangal (barbecue)">Mangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_pin" title="Rolling pin">Oklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tava" title="Tava">Sac</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Semaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor" title="Tandoor">Tandır</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dishes_from_the_Caucasus" title="List of dishes from the Caucasus">Caucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" title="Central Asian cuisine">Central Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_cuisine" title="Tatar cuisine">Tatar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/24px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/36px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" 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