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data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Jean_Marie_Ren%C3%A9_Savary" title="Anne Jean Marie René Savary – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anne Jean Marie René Savary" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Jean_Marie_Ren%C3%A9_Savary" title="Anne Jean Marie René Savary – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anne Jean Marie René Savary" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">French soldier and diplomat (1774–1833) </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Anne Jean Marie René Savary</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Lefevre_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Robert_Lefevre_15.jpg/220px-Robert_Lefevre_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Robert_Lefevre_15.jpg/330px-Robert_Lefevre_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Robert_Lefevre_15.jpg/440px-Robert_Lefevre_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1286" data-file-height="1904" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lef%C3%A8vre" title="Robert Lefèvre">Robert Lefèvre</a>, 1814</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">26 April 1774<br /><a href="/wiki/Marcq,_Ardennes" title="Marcq, Ardennes">Marcq</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 June 1833<span style="display:none">(1833-06-02)</span> (aged 59)<br />Paris</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_de_division" class="mw-redirect" title="General de division">General de division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gendarmes_d%27%C3%A9lite_de_la_Garde_Imp%C3%A9riale" class="mw-redirect" title="Gendarmes d'élite de la Garde Impériale">Gendarmes d'élite de la Garde Impériale</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a><br /><a href="/wiki/French_conquest_of_Algeria" title="French conquest of Algeria">French conquest of Algeria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signatur_Anne-Jean-Marie-Ren%C3%A9_Savary,_duc_de_Rovigo.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Signatur_Anne-Jean-Marie-Ren%C3%A9_Savary%2C_duc_de_Rovigo.PNG/100px-Signatur_Anne-Jean-Marie-Ren%C3%A9_Savary%2C_duc_de_Rovigo.PNG" decoding="async" width="100" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Signatur_Anne-Jean-Marie-Ren%C3%A9_Savary%2C_duc_de_Rovigo.PNG/150px-Signatur_Anne-Jean-Marie-Ren%C3%A9_Savary%2C_duc_de_Rovigo.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Signatur_Anne-Jean-Marie-Ren%C3%A9_Savary%2C_duc_de_Rovigo.PNG/200px-Signatur_Anne-Jean-Marie-Ren%C3%A9_Savary%2C_duc_de_Rovigo.PNG 2x" data-file-width="212" data-file-height="71" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Anne Jean Marie René Savary, 1st duc de Rovigo</b> (26 April 1774 – 2 June 1833) was a French military officer and <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a> who served in the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> and the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="French invasion of Algeria">French invasion of Algeria</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Police_(France)" title="Minister of Police (France)">Minister of Police</a> between 1810 and 1814. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Jean_Marie_Ren%C3%A9_Savary&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Savary was born in <a href="/wiki/Marcq,_Ardennes" title="Marcq, Ardennes">Marcq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardennes" title="Ardennes">Ardennes</a>. He was educated at the college of St Louis in <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> and joined the royal army in 1790. His first military campaign was in 1792, under <a href="/wiki/Adam_Philippe,_comte_de_Custine" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Philippe, comte de Custine">General Custine</a>, against the retreating forces led by the <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Duke of Brunswick</a>. He subsequently served under <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pichegru" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Pichegru">Pichegru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Victor_Marie_Moreau" title="Jean Victor Marie Moreau">Moreau</a> and distinguished himself during Moreau's strategic retreat from <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Swabia</a>. In 1797, he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Chef_d%27escadron" title="Chef d'escadron">chef d'escadron</a> and participated in the <a href="/wiki/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French campaign in Egypt and Syria">Egyptian campaign</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Louis_Desaix" title="Louis Desaix">Louis Desaix</a>. He published an account of this campaign in his memoirs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERose1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Savary fought in the Battle of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo" title="Battle of Marengo">Marengo</a> on 14 June 1800, where he served alongside Desaix. Following Desaix's death in battle, Savary caught the attention of the <a href="/wiki/First_Consul" class="mw-redirect" title="First Consul">First Consul</a> <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>, and he was appointed commander of the <a href="/wiki/Elite_Gendarmes_of_the_Imperial_Guard" title="Elite Gendarmes of the Imperial Guard">Elite Gendarmes of the Consular Guard</a>. Savary played a role in uncovering the details of the <a href="/wiki/Georges_Cadoudal" title="Georges Cadoudal">Georges Cadoudal</a>–<a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Pichegru</a> <a href="/wiki/Pichegru_Conspiracy" title="Pichegru Conspiracy">conspiracy</a> in 1804. He ventured to the cliffs of Biville in <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, a landing spot for the conspirators, and attempted to lure the Comte d'Artois (later known as <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a>) to land by mimicking signals used by the royalist plotters. However, his efforts were unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERose1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his tenure as commanding officer at <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Vincennes" title="Château de Vincennes">Vincennes</a>, Savary became embroiled in controversy due to the summary execution of the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Enghien" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien">Duc d'Enghien</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Augustin_Hulin" title="Pierre-Augustin Hulin">Hulin</a>, the presiding officer at the court-martial, later accused Savary of obstructing his attempts to appeal for mercy to Bonaparte. According to Hulin, Savary intervened when Hulin was drafting the appeal. Although Savary denied these allegations, his denial has not been widely accepted by historians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERose1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Napoleonic_Wars">Napoleonic Wars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Jean_Marie_Ren%C3%A9_Savary&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Napoleonic Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 1805, Savary was promoted to general of division. Shortly before the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Battle of Austerlitz</a> on 2 December 1805, Napoleon dispatched him with a message to emperor <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I</a>, requesting an armistice. This maneuver only motivated the Russian monarch to strike a decisive blow, leading to disaster for the Russians. After the battle, Savary once again conveyed a message to Alexander, persuading him to negotiate a truce. </p><p>During the 1806 campaign, Savary boldly pursued the <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussians</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jena" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jena">Battle of Jena</a>. He also negotiated during the <i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hameln" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Hameln">Siege of Hameln</a></i>. At the beginning of the following year, he assumed command of a corps and achieved a victory at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostro%C5%82%C4%99ka_(1807)" title="Battle of Ostrołęka (1807)">Ostrolenka</a> on 16 February 1807.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERose1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraldic_achievement_of_Anne-Jean-Marie-Ren%C3%A9_Savary,_Duke_of_Rovigo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Heraldic_achievement_of_Anne-Jean-Marie-Ren%C3%A9_Savary%2C_Duke_of_Rovigo.jpg/220px-Heraldic_achievement_of_Anne-Jean-Marie-Ren%C3%A9_Savary%2C_Duke_of_Rovigo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Heraldic_achievement_of_Anne-Jean-Marie-Ren%C3%A9_Savary%2C_Duke_of_Rovigo.jpg/330px-Heraldic_achievement_of_Anne-Jean-Marie-Ren%C3%A9_Savary%2C_Duke_of_Rovigo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Heraldic_achievement_of_Anne-Jean-Marie-Ren%C3%A9_Savary%2C_Duke_of_Rovigo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Heraldic achievement of Anne-Jean-Marie-René Savary, <i>duc de Rovigo</i></figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tilsit" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Tilsit">Treaty of Tilsit</a> was signed on 7 July 1807, Savary traveled to <a href="/wiki/St_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a> as the French ambassador. He was soon replaced by <a href="/wiki/Armand-Augustin-Louis_de_Caulaincourt,_duc_de_Vicence" class="mw-redirect" title="Armand-Augustin-Louis de Caulaincourt, duc de Vicence">General Caulaincourt</a>, another individual involved in the execution of the duc d'Enghien. It is said that the empress dowager's aversion to Savary played a role in his recall. It is thought more likely that Napoleon required his scheming abilities for his Spanish campaign towards the end of 1807. Honoured with the title of Duke of Rovigo (<i>duc de Rovigo</i>), named after a small town in Venetia, Savary departed for <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> when Napoleon's plans for exerting control over Spain were nearing completion. Working alongside <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Murat</a>, Savary exploited the divisions within the Spanish royal family in March and April of 1808. He convinced <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV of Spain</a>, who had recently surrendered under duress, and his son <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII</a>, the <i>de facto</i> king of Spain, to submit their claims to Napoleon. Savary persuaded Ferdinand to cross the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> and proceed to Bayonne, a decision that cost Ferdinand his crown and his freedom until 1814.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERose1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1808, Savary accompanied the emperor to the meeting at the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Erfurt" title="Congress of Erfurt">Congress of Erfurt</a> with Alexander I, and in 1809 he participated in the campaign against <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a>. </p><p>Following Fouché's disgrace in the spring of 1810, Savary became <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Police_(France)" title="Minister of Police (France)">Minister of Police</a>. He transformed the office into an inquisition, in contrast to the leniency under the <a href="/wiki/Jacobins" title="Jacobins">Jacobin</a> Fouché. Notable incidents during his tenure included carrying out Napoleon's order to exile <a href="/wiki/Anne_Louise_Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Louise Germaine de Staël">Madame de Staël</a> and destroy her work <i><a href="/wiki/On_Germany" title="On Germany">De l'Allemagne</a></i>. However, Savary's vigilance failed him during the peculiar conspiracy of General <a href="/wiki/Claude_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Malet" title="Claude François de Malet">Malet</a>. Two of Malet's accomplices apprehended Savary in his sleep, briefly imprisoning him for a few hours on 23 October 1812. This event brought ridicule upon Savary, tarnishing his reputation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERose1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a token of appreciation, Napoleon granted him <a href="/wiki/Duch%C3%A9_grand_fief" class="mw-redirect" title="Duché grand fief">duché grand-fief</a> of Rovigo within his Kingdom of Italy, a rare hereditary honor,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which ceased to exist in 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hundred_days,_imprisonment,_in_exile_and_a_final_command_in_Algeria"><span id="Hundred_days.2C_imprisonment.2C_in_exile_and_a_final_command_in_Algeria"></span>Hundred days, imprisonment, in exile and a final command in Algeria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Jean_Marie_Ren%C3%A9_Savary&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hundred days, imprisonment, in exile and a final command in Algeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Savary was among the last to desert Napoleon following his abdication on 11 April 1814, and among the first to welcome his return from <a href="/wiki/Elba" title="Elba">Elba</a> in 1815 during the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">hundred days</a>. During this period, Savary was inspector-general of the gendarmerie and a <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_France" title="Peerage of France">peer of France</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Battle of Waterloo</a>, he accompanied Napoleon to Rochefort and sailed with him to <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a> aboard <a href="/wiki/HMS_Bellerophon_(1786)" title="HMS Bellerophon (1786)">HMS <i>Bellerophon</i></a>. Savary was not allowed to accompany Napoleon to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a>, but was interned for several months in <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>. After escaping, he traveled to <a href="/wiki/Smyrna" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a> where he settled for a while, before eventually being allowed to return to France. Later, he settled in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERose1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1830, Savary came back into favour following the <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a>, and in 1831, assumed command of the French army in <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERose1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Algiers, he antagonized French civil authorities with his authoritarian treatment of Arabs with disregard for Algerians’ religious beliefs. In spite of protests, the <a href="/wiki/Ketchaoua_Mosque" title="Ketchaoua Mosque">Ketchaoua Mosque</a> was confiscated in December 1831 and consecrated as the cathedral of Saint Philippe on Christmas Day, 1832.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was also responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_El_Ouffia" title="Massacre of El Ouffia">massacre of the local El Ouffia tribe</a> alongside <a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Joseph_Schauenburg" title="Maximilien Joseph Schauenburg">Maximilien Joseph Schauenburg</a> and the deaths of several Arab leaders whom he lured into negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While he was not the first military governor of French possessions in Algeria he was the one who introduced extreme violence into the occupation and pacification of Algiers on a scale not seen before him.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Jean_Marie_Ren%C3%A9_Savary&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%A9_Talon_du_Cayla" title="Zoé Talon du Cayla">Comtesse du Cayla</a> was said to be a mistress of Savary<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to have even born him a son. </p><p>His failing health meant that he returned to France, where he died in Paris in June 1833.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERose1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Jean_Marie_Ren%C3%A9_Savary&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_El_Ouffia" title="Massacre of El Ouffia">Massacre of El Ouffia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Joseph_Schauenburg" title="Maximilien Joseph Schauenburg">Maximilien Joseph Schauenburg</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Jean_Marie_Ren%C3%A9_Savary&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERose1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose1911_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRose1911">Rose 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/napoleon.htm">"Napoleonic Titles and Heraldry"</a>. <i>www.heraldica.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.heraldica.org&rft.atitle=Napoleonic+Titles+and+Heraldry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldica.org%2Ftopics%2Ffrance%2Fnapoleon.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnne+Jean+Marie+Ren%C3%A9+Savary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcDougall2017" class="citation book cs1">McDougall, James (2017). <i>A History of Algeria</i> (1 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-02923-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-02923-0"><bdi>978-1-139-02923-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Algeria&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=55&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-139-02923-0&rft.aulast=McDougall&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnne+Jean+Marie+Ren%C3%A9+Savary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDumasy,_François2016" class="citation journal cs1">Dumasy, François (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/44986065">"Propriété foncière, libéralisme économique et gouvernement colonial: Alger, 1830–1840"</a>. <i>Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine (1954–)</i>. <b>63</b> (2): 58. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44986065">44986065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+d%27histoire+moderne+et+contemporaine+%281954%E2%80%93%29&rft.atitle=Propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9+fonci%C3%A8re%2C+lib%C3%A9ralisme+%C3%A9conomique+et+gouvernement+colonial%3A+Alger%2C+1830%E2%80%931840&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=58&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44986065%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Dumasy%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44986065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnne+Jean+Marie+Ren%C3%A9+Savary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTurquan" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Turquan, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E3hNDQAAQBAJ&dq=%22comtesse+du+cayla%22+savary%22+maitresse&pg=PT93"><i>Les Favorites de Louis XVIII</i></a> (in French). Frédérique PATAT. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-37324-059-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-37324-059-7"><bdi>978-2-37324-059-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Favorites+de+Louis+XVIII&rft.pub=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rique+PATAT&rft.isbn=978-2-37324-059-7&rft.aulast=Turquan&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE3hNDQAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522comtesse%2Bdu%2Bcayla%2522%2Bsavary%2522%2Bmaitresse%26pg%3DPT93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnne+Jean+Marie+Ren%C3%A9+Savary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Jean_Marie_Ren%C3%A9_Savary&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRose1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Holland_Rose" title="John Holland Rose">Rose, John Holland</a> (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Savary,_Anne_Jean_Marie_Ren%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Savary, Anne Jean Marie René">Savary, Anne Jean Marie René</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 241.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Savary%2C+Anne+Jean+Marie+Ren%C3%A9&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=241&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=John+Holland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnne+Jean+Marie+Ren%C3%A9+Savary" class="Z3988"></span> This work in turn cites: <ul><li><i>Mémoires du duc de Rovigo</i> (4 vols., London, 1828; English edition also in 4 vols., London, 1828); a French edition annotated by D. Lacroix (5 vols., Paris, 1900)</li> <li><i>Extrait des mémoires de M. le duc de Rovigo concernant le catastrophe de M. le duc d'Enghien</i> (London, 1823)</li> <li><i>Le Duc de Rovigo jugée par lui-même et par ses contemporains</i>, by L.F.E. (Paris, 1823)</li> <li>A.F.N. Macquart, <i>Refutation de l'écrit de M. le duc de Rovigo</i> (1823).</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Jean_Marie_Ren%C3%A9_Savary&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i> article about "<b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Savary,_Anne_Jean_Marie_Ren%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Savary, Anne Jean Marie René">Anne Jean Marie René Savary</a></b>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anne_Jean_Marie_Ren%C3%A9_Savary" 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_cabinet_of_Napoleon" title="Template:First cabinet of Napoleon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_cabinet_of_Napoleon" title="Template talk:First cabinet of Napoleon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_cabinet_of_Napoleon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First cabinet of Napoleon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_cabinet_of_Napoleon_(18_May_1804_to_1_April_1814)355" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_Cabinet_of_Napoleon_I" title="First Cabinet of Napoleon I">First cabinet of Napoleon</a> (18 May 1804 to 1 April 1814)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Head of state: <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary of State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugues-Bernard_Maret,_duc_de_Bassano" title="Hugues-Bernard Maret, duc de Bassano">Hugues-Bernard Maret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Antoine_No%C3%ABl_Bruno,_comte_Daru" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Antoine Noël Bruno, comte Daru">Pierre Daru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugues-Bernard_Maret,_duc_de_Bassano" title="Hugues-Bernard Maret, duc de Bassano">Hugues-Bernard Maret</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Emperor_Napoleon_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Emperor_Napoleon_I.jpg/100px-The_Emperor_Napoleon_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Emperor_Napoleon_I.jpg/150px-The_Emperor_Napoleon_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Emperor_Napoleon_I.jpg/200px-The_Emperor_Napoleon_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3463" data-file-height="4226" /></a></span><br />Napoleon</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Nomp%C3%A8re_de_Champagny" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste de Nompère de Champagny">Jean-Baptiste de Nompère de Champagny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugues-Bernard_Maret,_duc_de_Bassano" title="Hugues-Bernard Maret, duc de Bassano">Hugues-Bernard Maret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Augustin_Louis_de_Caulaincourt" class="mw-redirect" title="Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt">Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Chaptal" title="Jean-Antoine Chaptal">Jean-Antoine Chaptal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Nomp%C3%A8re_de_Champagny" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste de Nompère de Champagny">Jean-Baptiste de Nompère de Champagny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Cr%C3%A9tet" title="Emmanuel Crétet">Emmanuel Crétet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fouch%C3%A9" title="Joseph Fouché">Joseph Fouché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre,_Count_of_Montalivet" title="Jean-Pierre, Count of Montalivet">Jean-Pierre de Montalivet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Justice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Ambroise_R%C3%A9gnier" title="Claude Ambroise Régnier">Claude Ambroise Régnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Mathieu_Mol%C3%A9" title="Louis-Mathieu Molé">Louis-Mathieu Molé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier" title="Louis-Alexandre Berthier">Louis-Alexandre Berthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Jacques_Guillaume_Clarke" title="Henri Jacques Guillaume Clarke">Henri Jacques Guillaume Clarke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Aim%C3%A9_Dejean" title="Jean François Aimé Dejean">Jean François Aimé Dejean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-G%C3%A9rard_Lacu%C3%A9e,_count_of_Cessac" title="Jean-Gérard Lacuée, count of Cessac">Jean-Girard Lacuée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Antoine_No%C3%ABl_Bruno,_comte_Daru" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Antoine Noël Bruno, comte Daru">Pierre Daru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin-Michel-Charles_Gaudin" title="Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin">Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treasury</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Barb%C3%A9-Marbois" title="François Barbé-Marbois">François Barbé-Marbois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Fran%C3%A7ois,_Count_Mollien" title="Nicolas François, Count Mollien">Nicolas François, Count Mollien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navy and Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Decr%C3%A8s" title="Denis Decrès">Denis Decrès</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Police</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fouch%C3%A9" title="Joseph Fouché">Joseph Fouché</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anne Jean Marie René Savary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-%C3%89tienne-Marie_Portalis" title="Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis">Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix-Julien-Jean_Bigot_de_Pr%C3%A9ameneu" title="Félix-Julien-Jean Bigot de Préameneu">Félix-Julien-Jean Bigot de Préameneu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturing and Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Collin_de_Sussy" title="Jean-Baptiste Collin de Sussy">Jean-Baptiste Collin de Sussy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Preceded by <a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">French Consulate</a> • Followed by <a href="/wiki/French_provisional_government_of_1814" class="mw-redirect" title="French provisional government of 1814">French provisional government of 1814</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q564763#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2479" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q564763#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2479" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q564763#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119241226">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87896516">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12425645c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12425645c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2009532937&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070540063">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/4095376">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/gdsw0m002jhttcc">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810562370905606">Poland</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810626813505606">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/38721">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007267481205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/89120041">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/119241226.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119241226">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a 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