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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life:_1953–1980" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life:_1953–1980"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life: 1953–1980</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life:_1953–1980-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bristol_University_and_first_publications:_1981–1990" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bristol_University_and_first_publications:_1981–1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Bristol University and first publications: 1981–1990</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bristol_University_and_first_publications:_1981–1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Pagan_Religions_of_the_Ancient_British_Isles:_1991–1993" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Pagan_Religions_of_the_Ancient_British_Isles:_1991–1993"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span><i>The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles</i>: 1991–1993</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Pagan_Religions_of_the_Ancient_British_Isles:_1991–1993-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Studies_of_British_folklore:_1994–1996" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studies_of_British_folklore:_1994–1996"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Studies of British folklore: 1994–1996</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studies_of_British_folklore:_1994–1996-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Triumph_of_the_Moon:_1997–1999" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Triumph_of_the_Moon:_1997–1999"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span><i>The Triumph of the Moon</i>: 1997–1999</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Triumph_of_the_Moon:_1997–1999-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Response_from_the_Neopagan_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Response_from_the_Neopagan_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Response from the Neopagan community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Response_from_the_Neopagan_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shamans_and_Witches,_Druids_and_King_Arthur:_2000–2006" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shamans_and_Witches,_Druids_and_King_Arthur:_2000–2006"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span><i>Shamans</i> and <i>Witches, Druids and King Arthur</i>: 2000–2006</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shamans_and_Witches,_Druids_and_King_Arthur:_2000–2006-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Druids_and_Blood_and_Mistletoe:_2007–2009" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Druids_and_Blood_and_Mistletoe:_2007–2009"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span><i>The Druids</i> and <i>Blood and Mistletoe</i>: 2007–2009</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Druids_and_Blood_and_Mistletoe:_2007–2009-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seventeenth_century_Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventeenth_century_Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Seventeenth century Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventeenth_century_Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journal_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journal_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Journal articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journal_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tapes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tapes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Tapes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tapes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Documentaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Appearances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reviews_and_assessment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reviews_and_assessment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reviews and assessment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reviews_and_assessment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reviews and assessment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reviews_and_assessment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academic_reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_reviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Academic reviews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_reviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_reviews"> <div 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id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Hutton" title="Ronald Hutton – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ronald Hutton" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Hutton" title="Ronald Hutton – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ronald Hutton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Hutton" title="Ronald Hutton – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ronald Hutton" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Hutton" title="Ronald Hutton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ronald Hutton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Hutton" title="Ronald Hutton – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ronald Hutton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Hutton" title="Ronald Hutton – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ronald Hutton" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Hutton" title="Ronald Hutton – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ronald Hutton" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="رونالد هوتون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رونالد هوتون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Hutton" title="Ronald Hutton – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ronald Hutton" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Хаттон, Рональд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хаттон, Рональд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3087695#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English academic</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Ronald Hutton</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London">FSA</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Historical Society">FRHistS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Learned_Society_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales">FLSW</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ronald_Hutton_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ronald_Hutton_2002.jpg/220px-Ronald_Hutton_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ronald_Hutton_2002.jpg/330px-Ronald_Hutton_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ronald_Hutton_2002.jpg/440px-Ronald_Hutton_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="907" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Ronald Edmund Hutton</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1953-12-19</span>) </span>19 December 1953<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 70)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Ootacamund" class="mw-redirect" title="Ootacamund">Ootacamund</a>, India</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Historian, author</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pagan_Religions_of_the_Ancient_British_Isles" title="The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles">The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles</a></i> (1991),<br /> <i>The Rise and Fall of Merry England</i> (1994),<br /> <i>The Stations of the Sun</i> (1996),<br /> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Triumph_of_the_Moon" title="The Triumph of the Moon">The Triumph of the Moon</a></i> (1999),<br /><i><a href="/wiki/Shamans_(Hutton_book)" title="Shamans (Hutton book)">Shamans</a></i> (2001)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data title">Professor of History</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Cambridge" title="Pembroke College, Cambridge">Pembroke College, Cambridge</a> <small>(BA)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford" title="Magdalen College, Oxford">Magdalen College, Oxford</a> <small>(DPhil)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ada4858c-75a0-4749-be17-769b7ae97eb0"><i>The Royalist war effort in Wales and the West Midlands, 1642–1646</i></a> (1980)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral advisor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper">Hugh Trevor-Roper</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discipline</th><td class="infobox-data">History</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sub-discipline</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_folklore" title="English folklore">English folklore</a>, pre-Christian religion, contemporary Paganism</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">University of Bristol</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ronald Edmund Hutton</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London">FSA</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Historical Society">FRHistS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Learned_Society_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales">FLSW</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span></span> (born 19 December 1953) is an Indian-born English historian specialising in <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Britain">early modern Britain</a>, British <a href="/wiki/Folklore_studies" title="Folklore studies">folklore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">pre-Christian religion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">modern paganism</a>. A professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">University of Bristol</a>, Hutton has written over a dozen books, often appearing on British television and radio. He held a fellowship at <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford" title="Magdalen College, Oxford">Magdalen College, Oxford</a>, and is a Commissioner of <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a>. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Ootacamund" class="mw-redirect" title="Ootacamund">Ootacamund</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, his family returned to England, and he attended a school in <a href="/wiki/Ilford" title="Ilford">Ilford</a> and became particularly interested in <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a>. He volunteered in a number of excavations until 1976 and visited the country's chambered tombs. He studied history at <a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Cambridge" title="Pembroke College, Cambridge">Pembroke College, Cambridge</a>, and then <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford" title="Magdalen College, Oxford">Magdalen College, Oxford</a>, before he lectured in history at the University of Bristol from 1981. Specialising in Early Modern Britain, he wrote three books on the subject: <i>The Royalist War Effort</i> (1981), <i>The Restoration</i> (1985), and <i>Charles the Second</i> (1990). </p><p>He followed these with books about historical paganism, folklore, and modern paganism in Britain: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pagan_Religions_of_the_Ancient_British_Isles" title="The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles">The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles</a></i> (1991), <i>The Rise and Fall of Merry England</i> (1994), <i>The Stations of the Sun</i> (1996), and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Triumph_of_the_Moon" title="The Triumph of the Moon">The Triumph of the Moon</a></i> (1999), the last of which would come to be praised as a seminal text in <a href="/wiki/Pagan_studies" title="Pagan studies">Pagan studies</a>. Subsequent work include <i><a href="/wiki/Shamans_(Hutton_book)" title="Shamans (Hutton book)">Shamans</a></i> (2001), covering <a href="/wiki/Siberian_shamanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Siberian shamanism">Siberian shamanism</a> in the western imagination; <i>Witches, Druids and King Arthur</i> (2003), a collection of essays on folklore and Paganism; then two books on the role of the Druids in the British imagination: <i>The Druids</i> (2007) and <i>Blood and Mistletoe</i> (2009). </p><p>Elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Learned_Society_of_Wales" title="Learned Society of Wales">Learned Society of Wales</a> in 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a> in 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hutton was appointed <a href="/wiki/Gresham_Professor_of_Divinity" title="Gresham Professor of Divinity">Gresham Professor of Divinity</a> in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life:_1953–1980"><span id="Early_life:_1953.E2.80.931980"></span>Early life: 1953–1980</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life: 1953–1980"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:246px; ; color: #202122;background-color: #c6dbf7;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"I had begun in the 1960s by believing completely in the concept of early modern witchcraft as a Pagan religion of feminism, liberation, and affirmation of life. In 1973 I debated against the historian <a href="/wiki/Norman_Cohn" title="Norman Cohn">Norman Cohn</a> at Cambridge University, defending the historical legitimacy of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Godfrey_Leland" title="Charles Godfrey Leland">Charles Godfrey Leland</a>'s "witches' gospel" <i><a href="/wiki/Aradia,_or_the_Gospel_of_the_Witches" title="Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches">Aradia</a></i>, and was floored by him. During the rest of the decade my belief in the old orthodoxy concerning the witch trials slipped away, as I read more and more of the new research and checked the original records (for England and Scotland) myself." </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Hutton on his views of European witchcraft, 2010<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>Hutton was born on 19 December 1953 in <a href="/wiki/Ootacamund" class="mw-redirect" title="Ootacamund">Ootacamund</a>, India, to a colonial family,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInternational_Who's_Who2003265_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Who's_Who2003265-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is of part-Russian ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-histod_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-histod-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon arriving in England, he attended <a href="/wiki/Ilford_County_High_School" title="Ilford County High School">Ilford County High School</a>, whilst becoming greatly interested in <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a>, joining the committee of a local archaeological group and taking part in excavations from 1965 to 1976, including at such sites as <a href="/wiki/Pilsdon_Pen" title="Pilsdon Pen">Pilsdon Pen</a> hill fort, <a href="/wiki/Ascott-under-Wychwood" title="Ascott-under-Wychwood">Ascott-under-Wychwood</a> long barrow, <a href="/wiki/Hen_Domen" title="Hen Domen">Hen Domen</a> castle and a temple on <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>. Meanwhile, during the period between 1966 and 1969, he visited "every prehistoric chambered tomb surviving in England and Wales, and wrote a guide to them, for myself [Hutton] and friends."<sup id="cite_ref-blam_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blam-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite his love of archaeology, he instead decided to study history at university, believing that he had "probably more aptitude" for it. He won a scholarship to study at <a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Cambridge" title="Pembroke College, Cambridge">Pembroke College, Cambridge</a>, where he continued his interest in archaeology alongside history, in 1975 taking a course run by the university's archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Glyn_Daniel" title="Glyn Daniel">Glyn Daniel</a>, an expert on the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-blam_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blam-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Cambridge, he went on to study at <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a>, where he gained a <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">doctorate</a>, supervised by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper">Hugh Trevor-Roper</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and took up a fellowship at <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford" title="Magdalen College, Oxford">Magdalen College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bristol_University_and_first_publications:_1981–1990"><span id="Bristol_University_and_first_publications:_1981.E2.80.931990"></span>Bristol University and first publications: 1981–1990</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bristol University and first publications: 1981–1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1981, Hutton moved to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">University of Bristol</a> where he took up the position of reader of History. In that year he also published his first book, <i>The Royalist War Effort 1642–1646</i>, and followed it with three more books on 17th century British history by 1990. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Pagan_Religions_of_the_Ancient_British_Isles:_1991–1993"><span id="The_Pagan_Religions_of_the_Ancient_British_Isles:_1991.E2.80.931993"></span><i>The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles</i>: 1991–1993</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: 1991–1993"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Pagan_Religions_of_the_Ancient_British_Isles" title="The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles">The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles</a></div> <p>Hutton followed his studies on the Early Modern period with a book on a very different subject, <i>The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy</i> (1991), in which he attempted to "set out what is at present known about the religious beliefs and practices of the British Isles before their conversion to Christianity. The term 'pagan' is used as a convenient shorthand for those beliefs and practices, and is employed in the title merely to absolve the book from any need to discuss <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Christianity</a> itself."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It thereby examined religion during the <a href="/wiki/Palaeolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeolithic">Palaeolithic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman occupation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon period</a>, as well as a brief examination of their influence on folklore and contemporary Paganism. In keeping with what was by then the prevailing academic view, it disputed the widely held idea that ancient paganism had survived into the contemporary and had been revived by the Pagan movement. </p><p>The book proved controversial amongst some contemporary Pagans and feminists involved in the <a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess movement</a>, one of whom, Asphodel Long, issued a public criticism of Hutton in which she charged him with failing to take non-mainstream ideas about ancient goddess cults into consideration.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, Hutton would later relate, she "recognised that she had misunderstood me" and the two became friends.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another feminist critic, <a href="/wiki/Max_Dashu" title="Max Dashu">Max Dashu</a>, condemned the work as containing "factual errors, mischaracterizations, and outright whoppers" and said she was "staggered by the intense <a href="/wiki/Anti-feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-feminism">anti-feminism</a> of this book". She went on to attack Hutton's writing style, calling the book "dry as dust" and said she was "sorry I bothered to plough through it. If this is <a href="/wiki/Rigour" title="Rigour">rigor</a>, it is <a href="/wiki/Rigor_mortis" title="Rigor mortis">mortis</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, whilst he faced criticism from some sectors of the Pagan community in Britain, others came to embrace him; during the late 1980s and 1990s, Hutton befriended a number of practising British Pagans, including "leading Druids" such as Tim Sebastion, who was then Chief of the Secular Order of Druids. On the basis of <i>The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles</i> (which he himself had not actually read), Sebastion invited Hutton to speak at a conference in <a href="/wiki/Avebury" title="Avebury">Avebury</a> where he befriended a number of members of the Pagan Druidic movement, including <a href="/wiki/Philip_Carr-Gomm" title="Philip Carr-Gomm">Philip Carr-Gomm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emma_Restall_Orr" title="Emma Restall Orr">Emma Restall Orr</a> and John Michell.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studies_of_British_folklore:_1994–1996"><span id="Studies_of_British_folklore:_1994.E2.80.931996"></span>Studies of British folklore: 1994–1996</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Studies of British folklore: 1994–1996"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the following years, Hutton released two books on British <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a>, both of which were published by <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: <i>The Rise and Fall of Merry England: The Ritual Year 1400–1700</i> (1994) and <i>The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain</i> (1996). In these works he criticised commonly held attitudes, such as the idea of <a href="/wiki/Merry_England" title="Merry England">Merry England</a> and the idea that folk customs were static and unchanging over the centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once again, he was following prevailing expert opinion in doing so. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Triumph_of_the_Moon:_1997–1999"><span id="The_Triumph_of_the_Moon:_1997.E2.80.931999"></span><i>The Triumph of the Moon</i>: 1997–1999</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Triumph of the Moon: 1997–1999"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Triumph_of_the_Moon" title="The Triumph of the Moon">The Triumph of the Moon</a></div> <p>In 1999, his first work fully focusing on Paganism was published by Oxford University Press; <i>The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft</i>. The book dealt with the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Wicca" title="History of Wicca">history</a> of the Pagan religion of <a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a>, and in the preface Hutton stated that: </p> <dl><dd>the subtitle of this book should really be 'a history of modern pagan witchcraft in <a href="/wiki/South_Britain" title="South Britain">South Britain</a> (England, Wales, Cornwall and Man), with some reference to it in the rest of the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">Continental Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>'. The fact that it claims to be <i>a</i> history and not <i>the</i> history is in itself significant, for this book represents the first systematic attempt by a professional historian to characterise and account for this aspect of modern Western culture."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Hutton questioned many assumptions about Wicca's development, argued that many of the claimed connections to longstanding hidden pagan traditions are questionable at best and also for its importance as a genuine <a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">new religious movement</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Response_from_the_Neopagan_community">Response from the Neopagan community</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Response from the Neopagan community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The response from the Neopagan community was somewhat mixed. Many Pagans embraced his work, with the prominent Wiccan Elder <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Lamond_(Wiccan)" title="Frederic Lamond (Wiccan)">Frederic Lamond</a> referring to it as "an authority on the history of <a href="/wiki/Gardnerian_Wicca" title="Gardnerian Wicca">Gardnerian Wicca</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public criticism came from the practising Wiccan Jani Farrell-Roberts, who took part in a published debate with Hutton in <i>The Cauldron</i> magazine in 2003. Farrell-Roberts was of the opinion that in his works, Hutton dismissed <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Murray" title="Margaret Murray">Margaret Murray</a>'s theories about the <a href="/wiki/Witch-Cult" class="mw-redirect" title="Witch-Cult">Witch-Cult</a> using <a href="/wiki/Norman_Cohn" title="Norman Cohn">Norman Cohn</a>'s theories, which she believed to be heavily flawed. She stated that "he is... wrongly cited as an objective neutral and a 'non-pagan' for he happens to be a very active member of the British Pagan community" who "had taken on a mission to reform modern paganism by removing from it a false history and sense of continuance".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shamans_and_Witches,_Druids_and_King_Arthur:_2000–2006"><span id="Shamans_and_Witches.2C_Druids_and_King_Arthur:_2000.E2.80.932006"></span><i>Shamans</i> and <i>Witches, Druids and King Arthur</i>: 2000–2006</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Shamans and Witches, Druids and King Arthur: 2000–2006"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hutton next turned his attention to Siberian <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanism</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Hambledon_and_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Hambledon and London">Hambledon and London</a> publishing <i>Shamans: Siberian Spirituality in the Western Imagination</i> in 2001, in which he argued that much of what westerners think they know about shamanism is in fact wrong. </p><p>In his review for the academic <i>Folklore</i> journal, Jonathan Roper of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">University of Sheffield</a> noted that the work "could profitably have been twice as long and have provided a more extended treatment of the issues involved" and that it suffered from a lack of images. On the whole he thought it should be "recommended to readers as an important work" on the subject of shamanism, and hoped that Hutton would "return to treat this fascinating topic in even greater depth in future".<sup id="cite_ref-roper_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roper-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, Hambledon & London also published <i>Witches, Druids and King Arthur</i>, a collection of various articles by Hutton, including on topics such as the nature of myth and the pagan themes found within the works of <a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="J.R.R. Tolkien">J.R.R. Tolkien</a> and <a href="/wiki/C.S._Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="C.S. Lewis">C.S. Lewis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Druids_and_Blood_and_Mistletoe:_2007–2009"><span id="The_Druids_and_Blood_and_Mistletoe:_2007.E2.80.932009"></span><i>The Druids</i> and <i>Blood and Mistletoe</i>: 2007–2009</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Druids and Blood and Mistletoe: 2007–2009"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:246px; ; color: #202122;background-color: #c6dbf7;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"Predictably, Hutton finds himself defending his position on two fronts. Neo-pagans, clinging to the notion that their beliefs are part of an ancient nature religion, and radical feminists upholding the idea of a primeval matriarchal society (which Hutton finds "rather delightful"), scorn Hutton's refreshingly cheerful acceptance that there seems little evidence for either of these. And his less unbuttoned colleagues shake their heads at his optimism about Druidry and other 'alternative spiritualities' as valid contemporary religions." </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Gary_Lachman" title="Gary Lachman">Gary Lachman</a>, 2007<sup id="cite_ref-Lachman_2007_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lachman_2007-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>After studying the history of Wicca, Hutton went on to look at the history of <a href="/wiki/Druidry" class="mw-redirect" title="Druidry">Druidry</a>, both the historical and the contemporary. His first book on the subject, <i>The Druids</i>, was published in 2007. Part of this material was given as the first lecture of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Bards,_Ovates_and_Druids" title="Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids">Mount Haemus Award</a> series.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hutton's next book, which was also about Druidry, was entitled <i>Blood and Mistletoe: The History of the Druids in Britain</i>, and released in May 2009. </p><p>In a review by <a href="/wiki/David_V._Barrett" title="David V. Barrett">David V. Barrett</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>, <i>Blood and Mistletoe</i> was described as being more "academic and more than three times the length" of <i>The Druids</i>, although Barrett argued that despite this it was still "very readable", even going so far as to call it a "tour de force".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The review by <a href="/wiki/Noel_Malcolm" title="Noel Malcolm">Noel Malcolm</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> was a little more critical, claiming that whilst Hutton was "non-sensationalist and scrupulously polite" about the various Druidic eccentrics, "occasionally, even-handedness tips over towards relativism – as if there are just different ways of looking at reality, each as good as the other. And that cannot be right."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:246px; ; color: #202122;background-color: #c6dbf7;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"My colleagues would kill me for saying this, but historians are increasingly conscious of the fact that we can't write history. What we can write about is the way in which people see history and think history happens." </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Hutton on history, 2007<sup id="cite_ref-Lachman_2007_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lachman_2007-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>Hutton was married to Lisa Radulovic from August 1988 to March 2003, when they divorced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInternational_Who's_Who2003265_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Who's_Who2003265-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he has written much on the subject of Paganism, Hutton insists that his own religious beliefs are a private matter. He has instead stated that "to some extent history occupies the space in my life filled in that of others by religion or spirituality. It defines much of the way I come to terms with the cosmos, and with past, present and future."<sup id="cite_ref-blam_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blam-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was raised Pagan, and was personally acquainted with Wiccans from youth.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has become a "well-known and much loved figure" in the British Pagan community.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Interviewing Hutton for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>, the journalist <a href="/wiki/Gary_Lachman" title="Gary Lachman">Gary Lachman</a> commented that he had "a very pragmatic, creative attitude, recognising that factual error can still produce beneficial results", for instance noting that even though their theories about the Early Modern <a href="/wiki/Witch-cult_hypothesis" title="Witch-cult hypothesis">witch-cult</a> were erroneous, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Murray" title="Margaret Murray">Margaret Murray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Gardner" title="Gerald Gardner">Gerald Gardner</a> would help lay the foundations for the creation of the new religious movement of Wicca.<sup id="cite_ref-Lachman_2007_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lachman_2007-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hutton was appointed <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> (CBE) in the <a href="/wiki/2024_New_Year_Honours" title="2024 New Year Honours">2024 New Year Honours</a> for services to history.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hutton's books can be divided into those about seventeenth-century Britain and those about paganism and folk customs in Britain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seventeenth_century_Britain">Seventeenth century Britain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Seventeenth century Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his <i>What If the Gunpowder Plot Had Succeeded?</i>, Hutton has considered what might have happened if the <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_Plot" title="Gunpowder Plot">Gunpowder Plot</a> of 1605 had succeeded in its aims of the death of <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">King James I</a> and the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>. He concluded that the violence of the act would have resulted in an even more severe backlash against suspected Catholics than was caused by its failure, as most Englishmen were loyal to the monarchy, despite differing religious convictions. England could very well have become a more "Puritan absolute monarchy", rather than following the path of parliamentary and civil reform.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Title </th> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Publisher </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">ISBN </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>The Royalist War Effort 1642–1646</i> </th> <td>1982 </td> <td>Routledge (London) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>The Restoration: A Political and Religious History of England and Wales 1658–1667</i> </th> <td>1985 </td> <td>Clarendon </td> <td>0-19-822698-5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>Charles the Second, King of England, Scotland and Ireland</i> </th> <td>1989 </td> <td>Clarendon </td> <td>0-19-822911-9 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>The British Republic 1649–1660</i> </th> <td>1990 </td> <td>Palgrave Macmillan </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy</i> </th> <td>1991 </td> <td>Blackwell (Oxford and Cambridge) </td> <td>0-631-18946-7 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>The Rise and Fall of Merry England: The Ritual Year 1400–1700</i> </th> <td>1994 </td> <td>Oxford University Press (Oxford and New York) </td> <td>9 780198-203636 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain</i> </th> <td>1996 </td> <td>Oxford University Press (Oxford and New York) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft</i> </th> <td>1999 </td> <td>Oxford University Press (Oxford and New York) </td> <td>9 780198 207443 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>Shamans: Siberian Spirituality and the Western Imagination</i> </th> <td>2001 </td> <td>Hambledon and London (London and New York) </td> <td>1-85295-324-7 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>Witches, Druids and King Arthur</i> </th> <td>2003 </td> <td>Hambledon </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>Debates in Stuart History</i> </th> <td>2004 </td> <td>Palgrave Macmillan </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>The Druids: A History</i> </th> <td>2007 </td> <td>Hambledon Continuum </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>Blood and Mistletoe: The History of the Druids in Britain</i> </th> <td>2009 </td> <td>Yale University Press (London) </td> <td>978-0-300-14485-7 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>A Brief History of Britain 1485–1660: The Tudor and Stuart Dynasties</i> </th> <td>2011 </td> <td>Robinson </td> <td>978-1845297046 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>Pagan Britain</i> </th> <td>2013 </td> <td>Oxford University Press </td> <td>978-0300197716 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>The Witch: A History of Fear, from Ancient Times to the Present</i> </th> <td>2017 </td> <td>Yale University Press </td> <td>978-0300229042 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>The Making of Oliver Cromwell</i> </th> <td>2021 </td> <td>Yale University Press </td> <td>978-0300257458 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><i>Queens of the Wild: Pagan Goddesses in Christian Europe: An Investigation</i> </th> <td>2022 </td> <td>Yale University Press </td> <td>978-0300261011 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journal_articles">Journal articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Journal articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"Romano-British Reuse of Prehistoric Ritual Sites" in <i>Britannia</i> Vol. 42 (2011), pp. 1–22.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tapes">Tapes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Tapes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>England's Haunted Hills</i> the Cotswolds</li></ul> <p>1991 Educational Excursions 1-878877-06-2 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Documentaries">Documentaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Documentaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Britain's Wicca Man</i>, documentary on Wicca and Gerald Gardener, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>A Very British Witchcraft</i>, documentary, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Professor Hutton's Curiosities</i>, documentary series, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appearances">Appearances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Appearances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Scariest_Places_on_Earth" title="Scariest Places on Earth">Scariest Places on Earth</a></i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unsolved_Mysteries" title="Unsolved Mysteries">Unsolved Mysteries</a></i> (Episode #10.3, 1998)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghosthunters_(TV_series)" title="Ghosthunters (TV series)">Ghosthunters (TV series)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_from_the_Green_Valley" title="Tales from the Green Valley">Tales from the Green Valley</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edwardian_Farm" title="Edwardian Farm">Edwardian Farm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Farm" title="Victorian Farm">Victorian Farm</a></i>, documentary series following three historians as they live the life of Victorian farmers.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Monastery_Farm" title="Tudor Monastery Farm">Tudor Monastery Farm</a></i></li> <li><i>The Pagans</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Aliens" title="Ancient Aliens">Ancient Aliens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_Great_British_Castles" title="Secrets of Great British Castles">Secrets of Great British Castles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Pendle_Witch_Child&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Pendle Witch Child (page does not exist)">The Pendle Witch Child</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cunk_On_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Cunk On Britain">Cunk On Britain</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reviews_and_assessment">Reviews and assessment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Reviews and assessment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_reviews">Academic reviews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Academic reviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Donald Frew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/17142414/Methodological_Flaws_in_Recent_Studies_of_Historical_and_Modern_Witchcraft">Methodological Flaws in Recent Studies of Historical & Modern Witchcraft</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethnologies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethnologies (page does not exist)">Ethnologies</a></i>, Vol. 20 #1, (1998): pp. 33-65.</li> <li>Barry Collett, Review of Stations of the Sun, <i><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Century_Society_and_Conference" title="Sixteenth Century Society and Conference">Sixteenth Century Journal</a></i>, 29/1 (1998): 241–243.</li> <li>Christopher W. Marsh, Review of Stations of the Sun, <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Ecclesiastical_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Ecclesiastical History">Journal of Ecclesiastical History</a></i>, 50 (1999): 133–135.</li> <li>Jonathan Roper, Review of Shamans, <i><a href="/wiki/Folklore_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore Society">Folklore</a></i>, April 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-roper_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roper-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chas_S._Clifton" title="Chas S. Clifton">Chas S. Clifton</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.equinoxjournals.com/index.php/pom/article/view/2075">Review of Witches, Druids and King Arthur</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111001070148/http://www.equinoxjournals.com/index.php/pom/article/view/2075">Archived</a> 1 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies</i>, 7/1 (2005): 101–103.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Chippindale" title="Christopher Chippindale">Christopher Chippindale</a>, Review of The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles, <i><a href="/wiki/History_Today" title="History Today">History Today</a></i>, (1992)</li> <li>de Blécourt, Willem (2017). Review of <i>The Witch</i>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reviews.history.ac.uk/review/2185">Reviews in History</a></i></li> <li>Hill, J. D. (2004) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060108021032/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/news/articles/Lindowresponse.pdf">A Reply to Ronald Hutton's Commentary 'What did Happen to Lindow Man?' TLS 30 Jan</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 8 January 2006). Sent to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_Literary_Supplement" title="The Times Literary Supplement">The Times Literary Supplement</a></i> 7 February 2004. (Hutton's original article available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050828145615/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/news/articles/TLS_LindowMan.pdf">here</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 28 August 2005)) (A critical review)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_reviews">Other reviews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Other reviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Whitmore, Ben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodgame.org.nz/trialsofthemoonexcerpt.pdf"><i>Trials of the Moon: Reopening the Case for Historical Witchcraft</i></a>, 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080420070424/http://www.vaccines.plus.com/Murray%20and%20the%20Professor.html"><i>Margaret Murray and the Distinguished Professor Hutton</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 20 April 2008) by Jani Farrell-Roberts: originally published as <i>The Great Debate</i> by Farrell-Roberts and Hutton in <i>The Cauldron</i>, 2003.</li> <li>Long, Asphodel P. (1992) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asphodel-long.com/html/pagan_religions.html">Review of "The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles"</a>, <i>Wood and Water</i> 39, Summer 1992.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_V._Barrett" title="David V. Barrett">Barrett, David V.</a>, 21 July 2007, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">Independent</a></i>. Book review: The Druids: A History<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hutton, Ronald, 01/12/1996, <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Historical_Research" title="Institute of Historical Research">history.ac.uk</a>, Review of The Witch in History: Early Modern and Twentieth-Century Representations.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suppressedhistories.net/articles/hutton_review.html">A review of Ronald Hutton's <i> The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles</i></a> by Max Dashu, 1998 (suppressedhistories.net).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/blood-and-mistletoe-a-history-of-the-druids-in-britain-by-ronald-hutton-1684903.html">A Review of Ronald Hutton's <i>Blood and Mistletoe</i> in the Independent</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/the-roots-of-witchcraft">The Roots of Witchcraft: A study of the effects of hallucinogenic plants can explain much about sorcery and demonic possession through the ages</a> by Robert Carver in The Spectator (a review of <i>The Witch</i> by Ronald Hutton)]</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWales" class="citation web cs1">Wales, The Learned Society of. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.learnedsociety.wales/fellow/ronald-hutton-2/">"Ronald Hutton"</a>. <i>The Learned Society of Wales</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Learned+Society+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Ronald+Hutton&rft.aulast=Wales&rft.aufirst=The+Learned+Society+of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.learnedsociety.wales%2Ffellow%2Fronald-hutton-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/fellows/ronald-hutton-FBA/">"Professor Ronald Hutton FBA"</a>. <i>The British Academy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Academy&rft.atitle=Professor+Ronald+Hutton+FBA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebritishacademy.ac.uk%2Ffellows%2Fronald-hutton-FBA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gresham.ac.uk/about-us/news/ronald-hutton-appointed">"Ronald Hutton Appointed Gresham Professor of Divinity"</a>. <i>gresham.ac.uk</i>. 8 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gresham.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Ronald+Hutton+Appointed+Gresham+Professor+of+Divinity&rft.date=2022-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gresham.ac.uk%2Fabout-us%2Fnews%2Fronald-hutton-appointed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hut10">Hutton 2010</a>. p. 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Who's_Who2003265-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInternational_Who's_Who2003265_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInternational_Who's_Who2003265_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFInternational_Who's_Who2003">International Who's Who 2003</a>, p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hut91">Hutton 1991</a>. p. dust jacket.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-histod-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-histod_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hutton, Ronald (Dec 1998). "Roots and rituals". <i><a href="/wiki/History_Today" title="History Today">History Today</a></i> <b>48</b> (12): 62–63. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0018-2753">0018-2753</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blam-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blam_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blam_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blam_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hut09">Hutton 2009</a>. pp. xii–xiii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald1980" class="citation thesis cs1">Ronald, Hutton (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ada4858c-75a0-4749-be17-769b7ae97eb0"><i>The Royalist war effort in Wales and the West Midlands, 1642–1646</i></a> (Thesis). Oxford University Research Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Royalist+war+effort+in+Wales+and+the+West+Midlands%2C+1642%E2%80%931646&rft.inst=Oxford+University+Research+Archive&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Ronald&rft.aufirst=Hutton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fora.ox.ac.uk%2Fobjects%2Fuuid%3Aada4858c-75a0-4749-be17-769b7ae97eb0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hut91">Hutton 1991</a>. p. vii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Lon92">Long 1992</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hut10">Hutton 2010</a>. p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Das98">Dashu 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hut099">Hutton 2009</a>. p. xiv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollett" class="citation journal cs1">Collett, Barry. "Reviewed Work: Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain. byRonald Hutton". <i>Sixteenth Century Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2544475">2544475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sixteenth+Century+Journal&rft.atitle=Reviewed+Work%3A+Stations+of+the+Sun%3A+A+History+of+the+Ritual+Year+in+Britain.+byRonald+Hutton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2544475%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Collett&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobb" class="citation news cs1">Robb, Graham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/23/pagan-britain-ronald-hutton-review">"Pagan Britain by Ronald Hutton – review"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pagan+Britain+by+Ronald+Hutton+%E2%80%93+review&rft.aulast=Robb&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2014%2Fjan%2F23%2Fpagan-britain-ronald-hutton-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hut99">Hutton 1999</a>. p. vii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Lam04">Lamond 2004</a>. p. 64-65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Farrell-Roberts, Jani. (May 2003). <i>The Cauldron</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roper-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roper_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roper_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoper2005" class="citation journal cs1">Roper, Jonathan (2005). "Review: Shamans. Siberian Spirituality and the Western Imagination by Ronald Hutton". <i>Folklore</i>. <b>116</b> (1): 113–115. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30035256">30035256</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folklore&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Shamans.+Siberian+Spirituality+and+the+Western+Imagination+by+Ronald+Hutton&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=113-115&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30035256%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Roper&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lachman_2007-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lachman_2007_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lachman_2007_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lachman_2007_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Lac07">Lachman 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://druidry.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=PagEd&file=index&topic_id=1&page_id=98">"The First Mount Haemus Lecture – The Origins of Modern Druidry"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+First+Mount+Haemus+Lecture+%E2%80%93+The+Origins+of+Modern+Druidry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdruidry.org%2Fmodules.php%3Fop%3Dmodload%26name%3DPagEd%26file%3Dindex%26topic_id%3D1%26page_id%3D98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bar09">Barrett 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Mal09">Malcolm 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald Hutton, <i>Witches, Druids and King Arthur</i>, p. 269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Whi11">Whitlock 2011</a>. p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette64269" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/64269/supplement/N10">"No. 64269"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 30 December 2023. p. N10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+64269&rft.pages=N10&rft.date=2023-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F64269%2Fsupplement%2FN10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_Hutton2001" class="citation web cs1">Ronald Hutton (1 April 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/gunpowder_hutton_01.shtml">"What If the Gunpowder Plot Had Succeeded?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+If+the+Gunpowder+Plot+Had+Succeeded%3F&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.au=Ronald+Hutton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fbritish%2Fcivil_war_revolution%2Fgunpowder_hutton_01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com/info/press/programme-information/britains-wicca-man-w-t">"4Press | Channel 4"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=4Press+%26%23124%3B+Channel+4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Finfo%2Fpress%2Fprogramme-information%2Fbritains-wicca-man-w-t&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvguide.co.uk/detail/1831206/92015158/a-very-british-witchcraft#.U-HJoON_v3Q">"http: TV Show Reviews, Forum, Discussion, News, Polls, Video and more TV Guide UK TVguide.co.uk, Film, Soaps, Sports News, Freeview"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=http%3A+TV+Show+Reviews%2C+Forum%2C+Discussion%2C+News%2C+Polls%2C+Video+and+more+TV+Guide+UK+TVguide.co.uk%2C+Film%2C+Soaps%2C+Sports+News%2C+Freeview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvguide.co.uk%2Fdetail%2F1831206%2F92015158%2Fa-very-british-witchcraft%23.U-HJoON_v3Q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiotimes.com/tv-programme/e/w2yzh/professor-huttons-curiosities.../series-1">"Professor Hutton's Curiosities (TV Series)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professor+Hutton%27s+Curiosities+%28TV+Series%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Ftv-programme%2Fe%2Fw2yzh%2Fprofessor-huttons-curiosities...%2Fseries-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2079419/?ref_=nm_flmg_slf_46">"imdb"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=imdb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt2079419%2F%3Fref_%3Dnm_flmg_slf_46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/the-druids-a-history-by-ronald-hutton-454050.html/">The Independent</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020623221702/http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/paper/hutton.html">"Reviews in History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/paper/hutton.html">the original</a> on 23 June 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reviews+in+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.ac.uk%2Freviews%2Fpaper%2Fhutton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Academic books</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Hut91" class="citation book cs1">Hutton, Ronald (1991). <i>The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy</i>. Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, U.S.: Blackwell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pagan+Religions+of+the+Ancient+British+Isles%3A+Their+Nature+and+Legacy&rft.place=Oxford%2C+U.K.+and+Cambridge%2C+U.S.&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1991&rft.au=Hutton%2C+Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Hut99" class="citation book cs1">Hutton, Ronald (1999). <i>The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft</i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Triumph+of+the+Moon%3A+A+History+of+Modern+Pagan+Witchcraft&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Hutton%2C+Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Hut09" class="citation book cs1">Hutton, Ronald (2009). <i>Blood and Mistletoe: The History of the Druids in Britain</i>. London: Yale University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood+and+Mistletoe%3A+The+History+of+the+Druids+in+Britain&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Hutton%2C+Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Hut10" class="citation journal cs1">Hutton, Ronald (2010). "Writing the History of Witchcraft: A Personal View". <i>The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies</i>. <b>12</b> (2): 239–262. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1558%2Fpome.v12i2.239">10.1558/pome.v12i2.239</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pomegranate%3A+The+International+Journal+of+Pagan+Studies&rft.atitle=Writing+the+History+of+Witchcraft%3A+A+Personal+View&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=239-262&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1558%2Fpome.v12i2.239&rft.au=Hutton%2C+Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Non-academic sources</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Bar09" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_V._Barrett" title="David V. Barrett">Barrett, David V.</a> (15 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/blood-and-mistletoe-a-history-of-the-druids-in-britain-by-ronald-hutton-1684903.html">"Blood and Mistletoe: a history of the Druids in Britain, By Ronald Hutton"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Blood+and+Mistletoe%3A+a+history+of+the+Druids+in+Britain%2C+By+Ronald+Hutton&rft.date=2009-05-15&rft.au=Barrett%2C+David+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fbooks%2Freviews%2Fblood-and-mistletoe-a-history-of-the-druids-in-britain-by-ronald-hutton-1684903.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Lac07" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Lachman" title="Gary Lachman">Lachman, Gary</a> (13 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100109115614/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/ronald-hutton--wicca-and-other-invented-traditions-448667.html">"Ronald Hutton – Wicca and other invented traditions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/ronald-hutton--wicca-and-other-invented-traditions-448667.html">the original</a> on 9 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Ronald+Hutton+%E2%80%93+Wicca+and+other+invented+traditions&rft.date=2007-05-13&rft.au=Lachman%2C+Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fbooks%2Ffeatures%2Fronald-hutton--wicca-and-other-invented-traditions-448667.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Lam04" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Lamond_(Wiccan)" title="Frederic Lamond (Wiccan)">Lamond, Frederic</a> (2004). <i>Fifty Years of Wicca</i>. Green Magic.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fifty+Years+of+Wicca&rft.pub=Green+Magic&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Lamond%2C+Frederic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Lon92" class="citation journal cs1">Long, Asphodel (Summer 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asphodel-long.com/html/pagan_religions.html">"Review of <i>The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles</i>"</a>. <i>Wood and Water</i>. <b>39</b><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wood+and+Water&rft.atitle=Review+of+The+Pagan+Religions+of+the+Ancient+British+Isles&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=39&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Asphodel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asphodel-long.com%2Fhtml%2Fpagan_religions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Mal09" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noel_Malcolm" title="Noel Malcolm">Malcolm, Noel</a> (17 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5323383/Blood-and-Mistletoe-The-History-of-the-Druids-in-Britain-By-Ronald-Hutton-review.html">"Blood and Mistletoe: The History of the Druids in Britain By Ronald Hutton: review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Blood+and+Mistletoe%3A+The+History+of+the+Druids+in+Britain+By+Ronald+Hutton%3A+review&rft.date=2009-05-17&rft.au=Malcolm%2C+Noel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2Fbookreviews%2F5323383%2FBlood-and-Mistletoe-The-History-of-the-Druids-in-Britain-By-Ronald-Hutton-review.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Whi11" class="citation journal cs1">Whitlock, Robin (January–February 2011). "Is it time for Pagans to fight for their rights?". <i><a href="/wiki/Kindred_Spirit_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kindred Spirit (magazine)">Kindred Spirit</a></i>. <b>108</b>: 32–34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kindred+Spirit&rft.atitle=Is+it+time+for+Pagans+to+fight+for+their+rights%3F&rft.volume=108&rft.pages=32-34&rft.date=2011-01%2F2011-02&rft.au=Whitlock%2C+Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Who's_Who2003" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">International Who's Who (2003). "Hutton, Ronald Edmund". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=phhhHT64kIMC&q=Ronald+Hutton+Radulovic&pg=PA265"><i>International Who's Who of Authors and Writers 2004</i></a>. p. 265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781857431797" title="Special:BookSources/9781857431797"><bdi>9781857431797</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hutton%2C+Ronald+Edmund&rft.btitle=International+Who%27s+Who+of+Authors+and+Writers+2004&rft.pages=265&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781857431797&rft.au=International+Who%27s+Who&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DphhhHT64kIMC%26q%3DRonald%2BHutton%2BRadulovic%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Hutton" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hutton&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/en/persons/ronald-e-hutton(3db1ba2d-46a5-4387-8705-a6a3091b14ac).html">University of Bristol: Department of History: Ronald Hutton</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1616764/">Ronald Hutton</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://druidry.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=PagEd&file=index&topic_id=1&page_id=98">The Origins of Modern Druidry</a> by Ronald Hutton, Mt Haemus Award Lecture</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130414155814/http://druidnetwork.org/en/node/1791">An Interview with Ronald Hutton in which he talks about his historical work and spiritual path</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.im/mnh/ViewNews.gov?page=lib/news/mnh/professorronaldh.xml&menuid=11570">Listen to 'The Changing Face of Manx Witchcraft'</a>. A Public lecture by Ronald Hutton at the Manx Museum, 15 January 2010</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffd068;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFFF00, inset -1px -1px 0 #FFFF00;;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paganism_(contemporary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paganism (contemporary)">Contemporary paganism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nature_religion" title="Nature religion">Nature religion</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffd068;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFFF00, inset -1px -1px 0 #FFFF00;;;width:1%">Anthropological and<br />folkloristic approaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanya_Luhrmann" title="Tanya Luhrmann">Luhrmann's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Persuasions_of_the_Witch%27s_Craft" title="Persuasions of the Witch's Craft">Persuasions of the Witch's Craft</a></i> (1989)</li> <li>Orion's <i><a href="/wiki/Never_Again_the_Burning_Times" title="Never Again the Burning Times">Never Again the Burning Times</a></i> (1995)</li> <li>Hume's <i><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_and_Paganism_in_Australia" title="Witchcraft and Paganism in Australia">Witchcraft and Paganism in Australia</a></i> (1997)</li> <li>Greenwood's <i><a href="/wiki/Magic,_Witchcraft_and_the_Otherworld" title="Magic, Witchcraft and the Otherworld">Magic, Witchcraft and the Otherworld</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabina_Magliocco" title="Sabina Magliocco">Magliocco's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Witching_Culture" title="Witching Culture">Witching Culture</a></i> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffd068;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFFF00, inset -1px -1px 0 #FFFF00;;;width:1%">Historical approaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hutton's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pagan_Religions_of_the_Ancient_British_Isles" title="The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles">The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hutton's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Triumph_of_the_Moon" title="The Triumph of the Moon">The Triumph of the Moon</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chas_S._Clifton" title="Chas S. Clifton">Clifton's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Her_Hidden_Children" title="Her Hidden Children">Her Hidden Children</a></i> (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffd068;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFFF00, inset -1px -1px 0 #FFFF00;;;width:1%">Religious studies<br /> and theological approaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Salomonsen's <i><a href="/wiki/Enchanted_Feminism" title="Enchanted Feminism">Enchanted Feminism</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattias_Gardell" title="Mattias Gardell">Gardell's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Gods_of_the_Blood" title="Gods of the Blood">Gods of the Blood</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_York_(religious_studies_scholar)" title="Michael York (religious studies scholar)">York's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Pagan_Theology" title="Pagan Theology">Pagan Theology</a></i> (2003)</li> <li>Davy's <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Introduction_to_Pagan_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Introduction to Pagan Studies (page does not exist)">Introduction to Pagan Studies</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffd068;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFFF00, inset -1px -1px 0 #FFFF00;;;width:1%">Sociological approaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Adler" title="Margot Adler">Adler's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Drawing_Down_the_Moon_(book)" title="Drawing Down the Moon (book)">Drawing Down the Moon</a></i> (1979, 1986, 1996, 2006)</li> <li>Scarboro, Campbell and Stave's <i><a href="/wiki/Living_Witchcraft" title="Living Witchcraft">Living Witchcraft</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_A._Berger" title="Helen A. Berger">Berger's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/A_Community_of_Witches" title="A Community of Witches">A Community of Witches</a></i> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffd068;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFFF00, inset -1px -1px 0 #FFFF00;;;width:1%">Interdisciplinary<br />edited volumes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pearson, Roberts and Samuel's <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_Religion_Today" title="Nature Religion Today">Nature Religion Today</a></i> (1998)</li> <li>Strmiska's <i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Paganism_in_World_Cultures" title="Modern Paganism in World Cultures">Modern Paganism in World Cultures</a></i> (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffd068;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFFF00, inset -1px -1px 0 #FFFF00;;;width:1%">Academic, peer-reviewed<br /> journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aries_(journal)" title="Aries (journal)">Aries</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pomegranate_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pomegranate (journal)">The Pomegranate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magic,_Ritual,_and_Witchcraft" title="Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft">Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Religio" title="Nova Religio">Nova Religio</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffd068;box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFFF00, inset -1px -1px 0 #FFFF00;;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Pagan_studies_books" title="Category:Pagan studies books">Pagan studies books</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neopagan_witchcraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neopagan_witchcraft" title="Template:Neopagan witchcraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neopagan_witchcraft" title="Template talk:Neopagan witchcraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neopagan_witchcraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neopagan witchcraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neopagan_witchcraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neopagan_witchcraft" title="Neopagan witchcraft">Neopagan witchcraft</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wicca" title="History of Wicca">History of Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Wicca" title="Etymology of Wicca">Etymology of Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_pagan_views_on_LGBT_people#Wicca" title="Modern pagan views on LGBT people">Wicca and LGBT people</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dettmer_v._Landon" title="Dettmer v. Landon">Dettmer v. Landon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pentacle_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pentacle_%28fixed_width%29.svg/90px-Pentacle_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pentacle_%28fixed_width%29.svg/135px-Pentacle_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pentacle_%28fixed_width%29.svg/180px-Pentacle_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Traditional_Wicca" class="mw-redirect" title="British Traditional Wicca">British Traditional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Wicca" title="Alexandrian Wicca">Alexandrian Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algard_Wicca" class="mw-redirect" title="Algard Wicca">Algard Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Star_Wicca" title="Blue Star Wicca">Blue Star Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_Wicca" title="Central Valley Wicca">Central Valley Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chthonioi_Alexandrian_Wicca" title="Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca">Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardnerian_Wicca" title="Gardnerian Wicca">Gardnerian Wicca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1734_Tradition" title="1734 Tradition">1734 Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Wicca" title="Celtic Wicca">Celtic Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_and_School_of_Wicca" title="Church and School of Wicca">Church and School of Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochrane%27s_Craft" title="Cochrane's Craft">Cochrane's Craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Howard_(Wiccan)" title="Raymond Howard (Wiccan)">Coven of Atho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianic_Wicca" title="Dianic Wicca">Dianic Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faery_Wicca" title="Faery Wicca">Faery Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feri_Tradition" title="Feri Tradition">Feri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Wicca" title="Georgian Wicca">Georgian Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssean_Wicca" title="Odyssean Wicca">Odyssean Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaiming_(Neopaganism)" title="Reclaiming (Neopaganism)">Reclaiming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seax-Wica" title="Seax-Wica">Seax-Wica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stregheria" title="Stregheria">Stregheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Eclectic_Wicca" title="Universal Eclectic Wicca">Universal Eclectic Wicca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br />figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Gardner" title="Gerald Gardner">Gerald Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doreen_Valiente" title="Doreen Valiente">Doreen Valiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Sanders_(Wiccan)" title="Alex Sanders (Wiccan)">Alex Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Sanders" title="Maxine Sanders">Maxine Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybil_Leek" title="Sybil Leek">Sybil Leek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Woodford-Grimes" title="Edith Woodford-Grimes">Dafo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Adler" title="Margot Adler">Margot Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Henry_Anderson" title="Victor Henry Anderson">Victor Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Bone" title="Eleanor Bone">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Bone" title="Gavin Bone">Gavin Bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_Bourne" title="Lois Bourne">Lois Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Bracelin" title="Jack L. Bracelin">Jack Bracelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Buckland" title="Raymond Buckland">Raymond Buckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Buczynski" title="Eddie Buczynski">Eddie Buczynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zsuzsanna_Budapest" title="Zsuzsanna Budapest">Zsuzsanna Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cardell" title="Charles Cardell">Charles Cardell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipsita_Roy_Chakraverti" title="Ipsita Roy Chakraverti">Ipsita Roy Chakraverti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Crowther_(Wiccan)" title="Patricia Crowther (Wiccan)">Patricia Crowther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivianne_Crowley" title="Vivianne Crowley">Vivianne Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cochrane_(witch)" title="Robert Cochrane (witch)">Robert Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Cunningham" title="Scott Cunningham">Scott Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Curott" title="Phyllis Curott">Phyllis Curott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerridwen_Fallingstar" title="Cerridwen Fallingstar">Cerridwen Fallingstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Farrar" title="Janet Farrar">Janet Farrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Farrar" title="Stewart Farrar">Stewart Farrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raven_Grimassi" title="Raven Grimassi">Raven Grimassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Frost" class="mw-redirect" title="Gavin Frost">Gavin Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Frost" class="mw-redirect" title="Yvonne Frost">Yvonne Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Heselton" title="Philip Heselton">Philip Heselton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Lamond_(Wiccan)" title="Frederic Lamond (Wiccan)">Frederic Lamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosaleen_Norton" title="Rosaleen Norton">Rosaleen Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_RavenWolf" title="Silver RavenWolf">Silver RavenWolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starhawk" title="Starhawk">Starhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bearwalker_Wilson" title="Joseph Bearwalker Wilson">Joseph Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Goddess_(Neopaganism)" title="Triple Goddess (Neopaganism)">Triple Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_God" title="Horned God">Horned God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Man" title="Green Man">Green Man</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_man_(spirit_of_nature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green man (spirit of nature)">Spirit of nature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_King_and_Oak_King" title="Holly King and Oak King">Holly King / Oak King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">Mother goddess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiccan_morality" title="Wiccan morality">Wiccan morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiccan_Rede" title="Wiccan Rede">Wiccan Rede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Three_(Wicca)" title="Rule of Three (Wicca)">Rule of Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiccan_views_of_divinity" title="Wiccan views of divinity">Wiccan views of divinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coven" title="Coven">Coven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craft_name" title="Craft name">Craft name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witchcraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_magic" title="White magic">White magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otherworld" title="Otherworld">Otherworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Summerland" title="The Summerland">The Summerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyclad_(Neopaganism)" title="Skyclad (Neopaganism)">Skyclad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summoner_(Wicca)" title="Summoner (Wicca)">Summoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchtower_(magic)" title="Watchtower (magic)">Watchtower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familiar" title="Familiar">Familiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rites<br /> and ritual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drawing_down_the_Moon_(ritual)" title="Drawing down the Moon (ritual)">Drawing down the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_rite" title="Great rite">Great rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handfasting" title="Handfasting">Handfasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiccaning" title="Wiccaning">Wiccaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fivefold_kiss" title="Fivefold kiss">Fivefold kiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_circle" title="Magic circle">Magic circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cone_of_power" title="Cone of power">Cone of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_medicine" title="Herbal medicine">Herbal medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrying" title="Scrying">Scrying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incantation" title="Incantation">Spellwork / Incantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banishing" title="Banishing">Banishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiation" title="Initiation">Initiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_passage" title="Rite of passage">Rite of passage</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eko_Eko_Azarak" title="Eko Eko Azarak">Eko Eko Azarak</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_practitioner" title="Solitary practitioner">Solitary practitioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_dance" title="Spiral dance">Spiral dance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Holidays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_the_Year" title="Wheel of the Year">Wheel of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">Solstice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">Equinox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%92ostre" title="Ēostre">Ostara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midsummer" title="Midsummer">Midsummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lughnasadh" title="Lughnasadh">Lughnasadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_the_Year#Autumnal_equinox_(Mabon)" title="Wheel of the Year">Mabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esbat" title="Esbat">Esbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Hunt#In_modern_Paganism" title="Wild Hunt">Wild Hunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paraphernalia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magical_tools_in_Wicca" title="Magical tools in Wicca">Magical tools in Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Wicca)" title="Altar (Wicca)">Altar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">Amulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athame" title="Athame">Athame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_bell" title="Altar bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besom" title="Besom">Besom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boline" title="Boline">Boline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Shadows" title="Book of Shadows">Book of Shadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candle" title="Candle">Candles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauldron" title="Cauldron">Cauldron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censer" title="Censer">Censer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalice#Wicca" title="Chalice">Chalice/Goblet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_horn" title="Drinking horn">Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">Incense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parchment" title="Parchment">Parchment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentacle" title="Pentacle">Pentacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runic_magic#Modern_systems" title="Runic magic">Runes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scourge" title="Scourge">Scourge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurine" title="Figurine">Statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talisman" title="Talisman">Talisman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot">Tarot deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wand" title="Wand">Wand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch%27s_ladder" title="Witch's ladder">Witch's ladder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aradia,_or_the_Gospel_of_the_Witches" title="Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches">Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meaning_of_Witchcraft" title="The Meaning of Witchcraft">The Meaning of Witchcraft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spiral_Dance" title="The Spiral Dance">The Spiral Dance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Witches_Do" title="What Witches Do">What Witches Do</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_Today" title="Witchcraft Today">Witchcraft Today</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charge_of_the_Goddess" title="Charge of the Goddess">Charge of the Goddess</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enchanted_Feminism" title="Enchanted Feminism">Enchanted Feminism</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neopagan_movements#Wicca" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Neopagan movements">List of Wiccan organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricket_Wood_coven" title="Bricket Wood coven">Bricket Wood coven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Forest_coven" title="New Forest coven">New Forest coven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopagan_witchcraft" title="Neopagan witchcraft">Neopagan witchcraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch-cult_hypothesis" title="Witch-cult hypothesis">Witch-cult hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-hand_path_and_right-hand_path" title="Left-hand path and right-hand path">Left-hand path and right-hand path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunning_folk_in_Britain" title="Cunning folk in Britain">Cunning folk in Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_witchcraft" title="European witchcraft">European witchcraft</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malleus_Maleficarum" title="Malleus Maleficarum">Malleus Maleficarum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_healer#Granny_women" title="Folk healer">Granny woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunning_folk" title="Cunning folk">Cunning folk</a></li> <li>Magical alphabets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theban_alphabet" title="Theban alphabet">Theban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witching_hour" title="Witching hour">Witching hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witches%27_Sabbath" title="Witches' Sabbath">Witches' Sabbath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_ointment" title="Flying ointment">Flying ointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Witchcraft_and_Magic" title="Museum of Witchcraft and Magic">Museum of Witchcraft and Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_Research_Association" title="Witchcraft Research Association">Witchcraft Research Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3087695#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3087695#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3087695#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121439889">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/94552657">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdGKWCp84VJhTQkcpvJXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/130483354">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83200722">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12052747j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12052747j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36314687">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hutton, Ronald"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0242372&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069029393">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90193934">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000010370&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810539627805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007262841205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14015971">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02467000?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/92418478-1b2d-4b5f-aea0-ab3fb4356def">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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