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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation" title="Armenian Revolutionary Federation">Armenian Revolutionary Federation</a></b> (<b>ARF</b>) (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշնակցութիւն</span> <i>Hay Heghapokhagan Tashnagtsutiun</i>; <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">فدراسیون انقلابی ارمنی</span>, in short form "Dashnak"), has a long history in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, dating back to the earliest days of the party, in the 1890s.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ARF played a significant role as one of the pioneers in the development of early modern Iranian politics, and had a great contribution to the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Constitutional_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Constitutional Revolution">Iranian Constitutional Revolution</a>. Though the principal objectives of the ARF were to create an independent Armenian state comprising territory of the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, it has never asserted claims to the portion of historical Armenian land that remain under Iranian rule.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the only Armenian party to exist in Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation_in_Iran&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The activities of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Iran has its roots in the vibrant Armenian political life in northwestern Iran, in the historic Iranian region of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Azerbaijan</a> (also known as Iranian Azerbaijan). This area of native <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Armenian settlement</a>, housed prior to the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a> as well as other events of the 20th century (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a>), a significant native Armenian population. Apart from the ARF, the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrat_Hunchakian_Party" title="Social Democrat Hunchakian Party">Social Democrat Hunchakian Party</a> was active there as well, and was often at odds with the (much larger) ARF. </p><p>Shortly after the foundation of the ARF in 1890, it already began to send representatives to recruit Armenian members living in <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar Iran</a>. As the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Iranica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Iranica">Encyclopaedia Iranica</a></i> states, among the earliest ARF leaders in Persia were; Yonan Dawtʿean, Ishkhan Yovsēpʿ Arłutʿean, <a href="/wiki/Nikol_Duman" title="Nikol Duman">Nikol Duman</a> (Nikoghayos Ter-Hovhannisyan), <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Zorian" title="Stepan Zorian">Stepan Zorian</a> (<i>nom de guerre</i>; Ṙostom), <a href="/wiki/Sargis_Mehrabyan" title="Sargis Mehrabyan">Sargis Mehrabyan</a> (<i>nom de guerre</i>; Vartan), Farhat (Sargis Ōhan-ǰanean), Karō (Aristakēs Zōrean), <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Stepanian" title="Stepan Stepanian">Stepan Stepanian</a> (Balajan), Zakʿkʿi (Bagrat Vardapet Tʿawakʿalean), Tsaghik (Satʿenik Matinean), Yovsēpʿ Mirzayean, Vrtʿanēs Pʿapʿazean, Yarutʿiwn Martirosean, Arsēn Mikʿayēlean, and <a href="/wiki/Yovhann%C4%93s_Khan_Masehean" class="mw-redirect" title="Yovhannēs Khan Masehean">Yovhannēs Khan Masehean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ARF drew most of its support from the Armenians from <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>, and in particular from the <a href="/wiki/Lilava" title="Lilava">Lilava</a> district. Its activities were mainly to provide a safe gateway for the transportation of weapons and fighters from the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Six_vilayets" class="mw-redirect" title="Six vilayets">Armenian provinces</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman empire">Ottoman empire</a>. They used the <a href="/wiki/St._Thaddeus_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Thaddeus Monastery">St. Thaddeus Monastery</a> (located near <a href="/wiki/Maku,_Iran" title="Maku, Iran">Maku</a>; <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">Մակու</span>) and the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Stepanos_Monastery" title="Saint Stepanos Monastery">Saint Stepanos Monastery</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Aras_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Aras River">Aras River</a> as their bases of operations; both monasteries would play a significant role in the large scale smuggling of fighters, literature and weapons into <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Armenia">Ottoman Armenia</a> by the ARF. The ARF even had one arms factory in Tabriz at their disposal, which was founded in 1891. At the same time, the ARF used the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian</a> cities of <a href="/wiki/Bandar-e-Anzali" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar-e-Anzali">Anzali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rasht" title="Rasht">Rasht</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Astara,_Iran" title="Astara, Iran">Astara</a> as important centers of party communications with the nearby city of <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, the latter which was also regarded as an important ARF base in the region. The ARF had a long history of making publications; first, it published weekly <i>Aravat</i> in Tabriz (1909–12), as well as the monthly <i>Garabar</i>, which was later changed to <i>Gharadag</i> (1913–14), as well as the weekly <i>Ayg</i> (1914–20), the latter which eventually replaced Aravat as the main publication of the party. A weekly youth magazine was also produced by the younger members of the ARF, which was called the <i>Aršaloys</i>. </p><p>Around the same time, the Armenian community in Tehran had grown rapidly in size and importance, and therefore the ARF founded another central committee there in 1911. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, when the Soviets prolonged their occupation of Iran which resulted in the Crisis of 1946, as well as through the large scale emigration to <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Armenia">Soviet Armenia</a>, the ARF central committee in Tabriz was downgraded to a committee. </p><p>ARF guerilla groups crossed the Ottoman border from <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Azerbaijan">Iranian Azerbaijan</a> to fight the Ottomans. The Iranian monarchy permitted such guerrilla operations as it was beneficial to them as well, as it weakened the Ottoman authority over the Kurdish tribes who lived in the Ottoman-Qajar border regions, and which occasionally created issues for the Iranian central authority. The Iranian government, which was weak at the time, acted only against ARF activities under pressure from the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Russian</a> or Ottoman governments. For example, according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Iranica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Iranica">Encyclopaedia Iranica</a></i>, after the <a href="/wiki/Khanasor_Expedition" title="Khanasor Expedition">Khanasor Expedition</a> to the province of Van in 1897, many ARF fighters and guerillas were arrested and nine executed by the Iranian government.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Party operations were temporarily slowed down by continued foreign pressure, and during the economic crisis of 1901 the attention of the Armenian community was therefore turned elsewhere. However, in the years of 1904–1906, the ARF grew again to its former strength.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Constitutional_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Constitutional Revolution">Iranian Constitutional Revolution</a> was in the making. As an example listed by the <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>; "as a result of <a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Tatar_massacres_of_1905%E2%80%9307" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–07">clashes between Armenians and Tatars in the Caucasus in 1905-06</a> it was the ARF that prepared to defend the Persian Armenian population should the conflict spread across the border, which fortunately did not happen".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iranian_Constitutional_Revolution">Iranian Constitutional Revolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation_in_Iran&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Iranian Constitutional Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Constitutional_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Constitutional Revolution">Iranian Constitutional Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation#Persian_Empire" title="Armenian Revolutionary Federation">Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation § Persian_Empire</a></div> <p>The most important episode of the ARF in Iranian history happened during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. Members of the ARF were individually involved with the constitutionalist faction since 1906. Further commitment of the ARF to the constitutional cause was fueled by the Ottoman incursions into Iranian Azerbaijan, and the overall pillaging of Armenian villages in the region. In 1907, during the Fourth General Congress, a voting was done by the ARF leaders to discuss the ARF's open and official involvement in the Constitutional Revolution. With 25 votes in favour and 1 in absentia,<sup id="cite_ref-Early_Dashnaktsutiun_role_in_Iranian_Constitutional_Revolution_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Early_Dashnaktsutiun_role_in_Iranian_Constitutional_Revolution-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the ARF now was officially involved in the happening. In 1908 and early 1909, amidst the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, Armenian battalions and fighters formed crucial portions of the revolutionary forces led by <a href="/wiki/Sattar_Khan" title="Sattar Khan">Sattar Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baqer_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Baqer Khan">Baqer Khan</a>, and they played a pivotal role in the efforts of the constitutionalists to gain control of various parts of Iranian Azerbaijan.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Armenian_fedayi" title="Armenian fedayi">Fedayi</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Nikol_Duman" title="Nikol Duman">Nikol Duman</a> was involved in the defense of Tabriz leading the constitutional defense, until December 1911, when the Russian forces <a href="/wiki/Russian_Invasion_of_Tabriz,_1911" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Invasion of Tabriz, 1911">completely defeated them</a>. In the ensuing period following the successful Russian capture of the city, many constitutionalists were executed and arrested, which therefore included some ARF members. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yeprem_Khan" title="Yeprem Khan">Yeprem Khan</a>, a member of the Persian A.R.F. since 1896, played also an immense role in the revolutionary efforts, and is considered a national hero in Iran. </p><p>In 1921, ARF actions against the Sovietization of Russian Armenia were completely crushed. As a result, some 10,000 ARF party leaders, fighters, intellectuals (and their families) crossed the Iranian border to find shelter there.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The direct result of their presence was that the ARF would ensure its predominance over the other Armenian parties active in Iran, and therefore over the complete Armenian community as a whole (which itself was centered around the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pahlavi_era_up_to_including_the_21st_century">Pahlavi era up to including the 21st century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation_in_Iran&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pahlavi era up to including the 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ARF organ in Iran usually supported the Pahlavi regime (1925-1979), which in turn appreciated the party's anti-Soviet stance as well as stance of having no claims to Iranian territory. The only genuine opposition against the Pahlavi regime came when <a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah" title="Reza Shah">Reza Shah</a> closed most of the minority schools (incl. therefore the Armenian ones). During the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a>, and the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a>, the Iranian Armenian community elected parliamentary representatives who were regarded as hostile to the ARF, while at the same time the occupying Soviets imprisoned and exiled some of the Iranian ARF leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Revolution">Islamic Revolution</a> (1979) the Armenian left-wing regained prominence in Iran. Even though the ARF was initially mistrusted by the new government (which viewed all leftists as a potential danger to its ideas), the Islamic Republic soon came to conclusion that the ARF was not a threat and was not working against the Islamic Republic. Though some ARF members were arrested and interrogated in this period, relations were eventually normalised. As the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Iranica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Iranica">Encyclopaedia Iranica</a></i> adds; "today the ARF is one of the most important political parties among the Armenian diaspora, the only Armenian party permitted to exist (semiofficially) in Persia, and a leading force in the parliamentary opposition in the newly established Republic of Armenia".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation_in_Iran&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAmurianKasheff1986" class="citation web cs1">Amurian, A.; Kasheff, M. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/armenians-of-modern-iran">"ARMENIANS OF MODERN IRAN"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.atitle=ARMENIANS+OF+MODERN+IRAN&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Amurian&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Kasheff%2C+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Farmenians-of-modern-iran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenian+Revolutionary+Federation+in+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArkun1994" class="citation web cs1">Arkun, Aram (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dasnak">"DAŠNAK"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.atitle=DA%C5%A0NAK&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Arkun&rft.aufirst=Aram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fdasnak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenian+Revolutionary+Federation+in+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArkun1994" class="citation web cs1">Arkun, Aram (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dasnak">"DAŠNAK"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.atitle=DA%C5%A0NAK&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Arkun&rft.aufirst=Aram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fdasnak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenian+Revolutionary+Federation+in+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArkun1994" class="citation web cs1">Arkun, Aram (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dasnak">"DAŠNAK"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.atitle=DA%C5%A0NAK&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Arkun&rft.aufirst=Aram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fdasnak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenian+Revolutionary+Federation+in+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArkun1994" class="citation web cs1">Arkun, Aram (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dasnak">"DAŠNAK"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.atitle=DA%C5%A0NAK&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Arkun&rft.aufirst=Aram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fdasnak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenian+Revolutionary+Federation+in+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArkun1994" class="citation web cs1">Arkun, Aram (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dasnak">"DAŠNAK"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.atitle=DA%C5%A0NAK&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Arkun&rft.aufirst=Aram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fdasnak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenian+Revolutionary+Federation+in+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArkun1994" class="citation web cs1">Arkun, Aram (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dasnak">"DAŠNAK"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.atitle=DA%C5%A0NAK&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Arkun&rft.aufirst=Aram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fdasnak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenian+Revolutionary+Federation+in+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Early_Dashnaktsutiun_role_in_Iranian_Constitutional_Revolution-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Early_Dashnaktsutiun_role_in_Iranian_Constitutional_Revolution_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerberian2001" class="citation book cs1">Berberian, Houri (2001). <i>Armenians and the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1905–1911</i>. Westview Press. pp. 116–117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-3817-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-3817-0"><bdi>978-0-8133-3817-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenians+and+the+Iranian+Constitutional+Revolution+of+1905%E2%80%931911&rft.pages=116-117&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-3817-0&rft.aulast=Berberian&rft.aufirst=Houri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenian+Revolutionary+Federation+in+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArkun1994" class="citation web cs1">Arkun, Aram (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dasnak">"DAŠNAK"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.atitle=DA%C5%A0NAK&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Arkun&rft.aufirst=Aram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fdasnak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenian+Revolutionary+Federation+in+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArkun1994" class="citation web cs1">Arkun, Aram (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dasnak">"DAŠNAK"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.atitle=DA%C5%A0NAK&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Arkun&rft.aufirst=Aram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fdasnak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenian+Revolutionary+Federation+in+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abrahamian, 1982, pp. 198, 292</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Demirǰean, pp. 105-13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArkun1994" class="citation web cs1">Arkun, Aram (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dasnak">"DAŠNAK"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.atitle=DA%C5%A0NAK&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Arkun&rft.aufirst=Aram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fdasnak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenian+Revolutionary+Federation+in+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation_in_Iran&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>E. Abrahamian, Iranbetween Two Revolutions, Princeton, N.J., 1982.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArkun1994" class="citation web cs1">Arkun, Aram (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dasnak">"DAŠNAK"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.atitle=DA%C5%A0NAK&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Arkun&rft.aufirst=Aram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fdasnak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenian+Revolutionary+Federation+in+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerberian2001" class="citation book cs1">Berberian, Houri (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gCxuAAAAMAAJ&q=avetis+nazarbekian++tabriz"><i>Armenians and the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911: "the Love for Freedom Has No Fatherland"</i></a>. Westview Press. pp. 1–226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813338170" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813338170"><bdi>978-0813338170</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenians+and+the+Iranian+Constitutional+Revolution+of+1905-1911%3A+%22the+Love+for+Freedom+Has+No+Fatherland%22&rft.pages=1-226&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0813338170&rft.aulast=Berberian&rft.aufirst=Houri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgCxuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Davetis%2Bnazarbekian%2B%2Btabriz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenian+Revolutionary+Federation+in+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>V. Demirǰean, “Ancʿkerə Darašambi S. Stepʿanos Naxavkayi Vankʿum 1905-1965 Tʿ. Tʿ.,” in V. Demirǰean, ed., Diwan Atrpatakani hayocʿ patmutʿean I, Tehran, 1345 Š./1966, pp. 99–130. (in Armenian)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerzigKurkchiyan2004" class="citation book cs1">Herzig, Edmund; Kurkchiyan, Marina (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B8WRAgAAQBAJ&q=armenian+revolutionary+federation+persia"><i>The Armenians: Past and Present in the Making of National Identity</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 82, 84–85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1135798376" title="Special:BookSources/978-1135798376"><bdi>978-1135798376</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armenians%3A+Past+and+Present+in+the+Making+of+National+Identity&rft.pages=82%2C+84-85&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1135798376&rft.aulast=Herzig&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rft.au=Kurkchiyan%2C+Marina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB8WRAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Darmenian%2Brevolutionary%2Bfederation%2Bpersia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenian+Revolutionary+Federation+in+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>A. Ter Minassian, La question arménienne, Paris, 1983. (in French)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasnapetean1990" class="citation book cs1">Tasnapetean, Hrachʻ (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KN1tAAAAMAAJ&q=ARF+tabriz"><i>History of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Dashnaktsutiun, 1890-1924</i></a>. Oemme Edizioni. pp. 1–221. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788885822115" title="Special:BookSources/9788885822115"><bdi>9788885822115</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Armenian+Revolutionary+Federation%2C+Dashnaktsutiun%2C+1890-1924&rft.pages=1-221&rft.pub=Oemme+Edizioni&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9788885822115&rft.aulast=Tasnapetean&rft.aufirst=Hrach%CA%BB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKN1tAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DARF%2Btabriz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenian+Revolutionary+Federation+in+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation_in_Iran&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerberian1996" class="citation journal cs1">Berberian, Houri (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00210869608701840">"The Dashnaktsutiun and the Iranian constitutional revolution, 1905–1911"</a>. <i>Iranian Studies</i>. <b>29</b> (1–2): 7–33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00210869608701840">10.1080/00210869608701840</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Dashnaktsutiun+and+the+Iranian+constitutional+revolution%2C+1905%E2%80%931911&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=7-33&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00210869608701840&rft.aulast=Berberian&rft.aufirst=Houri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F00210869608701840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenian+Revolutionary+Federation+in+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_political_organizations_in_Iran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iran_defunct_parties" title="Template:Iran defunct parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iran_defunct_parties" title="Template talk:Iran defunct parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iran_defunct_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iran defunct parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_political_organizations_in_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Historical <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Iran" title="List of political parties in Iran">political organizations in Iran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iran" title="Politics of Iran">Politics of Iran</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar monarchy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Iran)" title="Social Democratic Party (Iran)">Social Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Revolutionary_Party_(Persia)" title="Socialist Revolutionary Party (Persia)">Socialist Revolutionary Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Persia)" title="Democrat Party (Persia)">Democrat Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_Socialists_Party" title="Moderate Socialists Party">Moderate Socialists Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_and_Progress_Party_(Persia)" title="Union and Progress Party (Persia)">Union and Progress Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Progress_of_Iran" title="Society for the Progress of Iran">Progressives Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Socialist_Party_(Persia)" title="Unified Socialist Party (Persia)">Unified Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Reformers_Party" title="Social Reformers Party">Social Reformers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learned_Council" title="Learned Council">Learned Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_Party" title="Revival Party">Revival Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformers%27_Party" title="Reformers' Party">Reformers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Iran)" title="Socialist Party (Iran)">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Persia" title="Communist Party of Persia">Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Communist_League_of_Persia" title="Young Communist League of Persia">Young Communist League</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Armenian Revolutionary Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democrat_Hunchakian_Party" title="Social Democrat Hunchakian Party">Social Democrat Hunchakian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Republican_Party_of_Iran" title="Revolutionary Republican Party of Iran">Revolutionary Republican Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran" title="Pahlavi Iran">Pahlavi monarchy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran-e-No_Party" title="Iran-e-No Party">New Iran Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_Party_(Iran)" title="Progress Party (Iran)">Progress Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(Iran)" title="Justice Party (Iran)">Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peykar_Party" title="Peykar Party">Peykar Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Iran)" title="Motherland Party (Iran)">Motherland Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_Party" title="Jungle Party">Jungle Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Party" title="Azure Party">Azure Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(Iran)" title="National Union Party (Iran)">National Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Will_Party" title="National Will Party">National Will Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Democratic_Party" title="Azerbaijani Democratic Party">Azerbaijani Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_of_Iran" title="Democrat Party of Iran">Democrat Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_of_God-Worshipping_Socialists" title="Movement of God-Worshipping Socialists">Movement of God-Worshipping Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Front_of_Progressive_Parties" title="United Front of Progressive Parties">United Front of Progressive Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Unity_Party" title="Iran Unity Party">Iran Unity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comrades_Party" title="Comrades Party">Comrades Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aria_Party" title="Aria Party">Aria Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Muslim_Warriors" title="Society of Muslim Warriors">Society of Muslim Warriors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilers_Party_of_the_Iranian_Nation" title="Toilers Party of the Iranian Nation">Toilers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Force_(Iran)" title="Third Force (Iran)">Third Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Iranian_Socialists" title="League of Iranian Socialists">League of Iranian Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Communist_Revolutionaries_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Organization of Communist Revolutionaries (Marxist–Leninist)">Organization of Communist Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Nations_Party" title="Islamic Nations Party">Islamic Nations Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAMA_(political_party)" title="JAMA (political party)">JAMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Communist_Militants" title="Union of Communist Militants">Union of Communist Militants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Iranian_Communists_(Sarbedaran)" title="Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran)">Union of Iranian Communists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Iranian_People%27s_Fedai_Guerrillas" title="Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas">Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Front_(Iran)" title="People's Democratic Front (Iran)">People's Democratic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Struggle_for_the_Emancipation_of_the_Working_Class" title="Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class">Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Working-class_Freedom_Fighters" title="Organization of Working-class Freedom Fighters">Organization of Working-class Freedom Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalists%27_Party" title="Nationalists' Party">Nationalists' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Novin_Party" title="Iran Novin Party">New Iran Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Iran)" title="People's Party (Iran)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians%27_Party" title="Iranians' Party">Iranians' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastakhiz_Party" title="Rastakhiz Party">Rastakhiz Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" title="History of the Islamic Republic of Iran">Islamic Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_Islamic_Parties" title="Coalition of Islamic Parties">Coalition of Islamic Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintuple_Coalition" title="Quintuple Coalition">Quintuple Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_coalition_(Iran)" title="Grand coalition (Iran)">Grand coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_the_Cooperation_of_the_People_with_the_President" title="Office for the Cooperation of the People with the President">Office for the Cooperation of the People with the President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym_Group" title="Eponym Group">Eponym Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_People%27s_Republic_Party" title="Muslim People's Republic Party">Muslim People's Republic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Front_(Iran)" title="National Democratic Front (Iran)">National Democratic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Movement_of_Iran" title="Radical Movement of Iran">Radical Movement of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Revolutionary_Organization_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" title="People's Revolutionary Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran">People's Revolutionary Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azadegan_Organization" title="Azadegan Organization">Azadegan Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Iran" title="Front for the Liberation of Iran">Front for the Liberation of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republican_Party" title="Islamic Republican Party">Islamic Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojahedin_of_the_Islamic_Revolution_Organization" title="Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization">Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_the_Oppressed_and_Deprived" title="Coalition of the Oppressed and Deprived">Coalition of the Oppressed and Deprived</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_Imam%27s_Line_groups" title="Coalition of Imam's Line groups">Coalition of Imam's Line groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Defence_of_Revolution_Values" title="Association for Defence of Revolution Values">Association for Defence of Revolution Values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Reconciliation_Party" title="Islamic Reconciliation Party">Islamic Reconciliation Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojahedin_of_the_Islamic_Revolution_of_Iran_Organization" title="Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization">Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Iran_Participation_Front" title="Islamic Iran Participation Front">Islamic Iran Participation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker-communist_Party_of_Iran" title="Worker-communist Party of Iran">Worker-communist Party of Iran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Iranian_political_parties" title="Template:Iranian political parties">Active parties</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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