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class="article"><section data-vars-danzz-article="" data-nzz-tid="article" data-nzz-referrer="articleLink" data-nzz-article="true" class="container container--article layout--longformvisual adnz-infeed-placeholder"><div id="id-doc-1hg849nsn0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="header--hero" data-vars-danzz-first-article-element="true" is-new-line-child="true" class="headline headline--hero"><div class="headline__wrapper"><figure class="headline__poster"><div itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/5911802f-303a-4a95-98a4-986a0aaee758.jpeg?width=1200&height=1800&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="headline__poster-placeholder image-placeholder"><picture data-alt="Massimo Biondi wird im Kinderheim geschlagen, eingesperrt und zum «Kriminellen» erklärt. Dann gelingt ihm die Befreiung" class="headline__poster-image image-placeholder__image" style="display:block;min-height:1rem;"><source srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/5911802f-303a-4a95-98a4-986a0aaee758.jpeg?width=768&height=1371&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2205,3936,x611,y1016 768w,https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/5911802f-303a-4a95-98a4-986a0aaee758.jpeg?width=1536&height=2743&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2205,3936,x611,y1016 1536w,https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/5911802f-303a-4a95-98a4-986a0aaee758.jpeg?width=642&height=1146&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2205,3936,x611,y1016 642w,https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/5911802f-303a-4a95-98a4-986a0aaee758.jpeg?width=1284&height=2293&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2205,3936,x611,y1016 1284w" media="(max-width: 767px) and (orientation: portrait)"><source srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/5911802f-303a-4a95-98a4-986a0aaee758.jpeg?width=1024&height=1365&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2952,3936,x195,y835 1024w,https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/5911802f-303a-4a95-98a4-986a0aaee758.jpeg?width=2048&height=2731&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2952,3936,x195,y835 2048w,https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/5911802f-303a-4a95-98a4-986a0aaee758.jpeg?width=768&height=1024&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2952,3936,x195,y835 768w,https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/5911802f-303a-4a95-98a4-986a0aaee758.jpeg?width=1536&height=2048&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2952,3936,x195,y835 1536w" media="(min-width: 600px) and (orientation: portrait) and (min-aspect-ratio: 9/16)"><source srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/5911802f-303a-4a95-98a4-986a0aaee758.jpeg?width=1920&height=1079&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3321,1866,x0,y1835 1920w,https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/5911802f-303a-4a95-98a4-986a0aaee758.jpeg?width=3840&height=2157&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3321,1866,x0,y1835 3840w,https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/5911802f-303a-4a95-98a4-986a0aaee758.jpeg?width=1366&height=767&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3321,1866,x0,y1835 1366w,https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/5911802f-303a-4a95-98a4-986a0aaee758.jpeg?width=2732&height=1535&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3321,1866,x0,y1835 2732w,https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/5911802f-303a-4a95-98a4-986a0aaee758.jpeg?width=960&height=539&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3321,1866,x0,y1835 960w" media="(orientation: landscape)"><img data-object-position="50% 50%" alt="Massimo Biondi wird im Kinderheim geschlagen, eingesperrt und zum «Kriminellen» erklärt. Dann gelingt ihm die Befreiung" size="fullscreen" data-object-fit="cover" src="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/5911802f-303a-4a95-98a4-986a0aaee758.jpeg?width=960&height=539&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3321,1866,x0,y1835" width="2214" height="3936"></picture>  </div></figure> <div class="headline__bottom"><div class="headline__text headline__highlight"> <h1 class="title"> <div class="title__name">Massimo Biondi wird im Kinderheim geschlagen, eingesperrt und zum «Kriminellen» erklärt. Dann gelingt ihm die Befreiung</div></h1></div></div></div> <div class="metainfo__image"><span></span></div> <div class="headline__inner"><p class="headline__lead">Die Geschichte eines ehemaligen Heimkindes – und seines unwahrscheinlichen Weges zum Erfolg.</p> <div class="progressbar__wrapper"><div class="progressbar"><div class="progressbar__line"><div class="progressbar__line--fill" style="transform:translateX(-100%);"></div></div></div></div> <div class="headline__meta"><div class="metainfo metainfo--content"> <span class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--author">Giorgio Scherrer (Text), Karin Hofer (Bilder)</span>    <span class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--date"><time datetime="2023-12-18T04:05:00.000Z"> 18.12.2023, 05.05 Uhr </time> <span data-tooltip="Lesezeit 11 min" class="metainfo__item--reading-time"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="reading-time__icon nzz-icons--small nzz-icons--icon nzz-icons--fill"><path stroke="currentColor" fill="none" pid="0" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" _stroke-linejoin="round" d="M11.77 7.39v5.62l3.8 1.32"/><circle stroke="currentColor" fill="none" pid="1" cx="12" cy="12" r="8.5" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" _stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> <span>11 min</span></span></span></div> <div class="headline__meta-extra"><div class="actionbar actionbar--header">   <div class="actionbar__item actionbar__item--print"><div class="actionbar__button actionbar__button--header"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="nzz-icons--icon nzz-icons--fill"><path pid="0" d="M7 16.81H4.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1v-7c0-.55.45-1 1-1h15c.55 0 1 .45 1 1v7c0 .55-.45 1-1 1H17" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path pid="1" d="M7 7.81V3.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1h8c.55 0 1 .45 1 1v4.31" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path pid="2" d="M17 14v6.5c0 .55-.45 1-1 1H8c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1V14h10z" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path pid="3" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M14.34 18.95l-1.15.69-1.18-.7-1.18.7-1.17-.7m4.68-2.47l-1.15.69-1.18-.7-1.18.7-1.17-.7M5.3 9.5h1"/></svg> <span class="actionbar__label">Drucken</span></div></div> <div class="actionbar__item share" style="position:relative;"><div class="contextmenu-closed"><div class="actionbar__button actionbar__button--header"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="nzz-icons--icon nzz-icons--fill"><path pid="0" d="M13.73 17.7c0 .58.34.73.75.34l6.71-6.44c.41-.4.41-1.04 0-1.44l-6.71-6.44c-.41-.4-.75-.24-.75.34v3.25c-6.2 0-11.23 3.59-11.23 9.98 0 1.12.15 2.19.44 3.22 1.35-4.83 5.67-6.04 10.8-6.04v3.24z" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> <span class="actionbar__label">Teilen</span></div></div>  <div data-nzz-tid="contextmenu-overlay" class="overlay--container"> </div></div> </div></div></div></div></div><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text">In der Ecke von Massimo Biondis Schreinerei steht eine Truhe, die – so erzählt er es – jeder hässlich finde. Jeder ausser ihm.</p><div id="id-doc-6c53ebc0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="barrier" is-new-line-child="true"><div id="paywall_container"></div> <div class="disabled-overlay"><div class="disabled-overlay--show--text"><h3>Optimieren Sie Ihre Browsereinstellungen</h3> <p> NZZ.ch benötigt JavaScript für wichtige Funktionen. Ihr Browser oder Adblocker verhindert dies momentan. </p> <p>Bitte passen Sie die Einstellungen an.</p></div></div></div><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hh2f59sb1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Die Ränder sind von Holzwürmern zerfressen, die Platte verblichen, die Risse im alten Holz gut sichtbar. Die Truhe stammt aus dem 17. Jahrhundert, und wenn Biondis Kunden sie sehen, sagen sie: «Die wird mal schön, wenn sie restauriert ist.»</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp2" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Doch wer so denke, sagt Biondi, habe nichts verstanden. «Mir gefällt sie, weil sie nicht perfekt ist, weil man ihr das Alter ansieht und all das, was sie überstanden hat.»</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp3" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Biondi ist 78, ein Mann mit sanfter Stimme und harter Vergangenheit. Einer, dem als Kind niemand fehlerloses Schreiben beibringen mochte und der heute auswendig Gottfried-Keller-Gedichte zitiert. Einer, der Geschichte sichtbar machen will, statt sie zu verbergen.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp4" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Massimo Biondi, in Zürich bekannt als Restaurator antiker Möbel, ist ein ehemaliges Heimkind. Wie Tausende in der Stadt und Zehntausende in der ganzen Schweiz wurde er in seiner Jugend Opfer fürsorgerischer Zwangsmassnahmen. </p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp6" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">«Man hat bei uns immer den billigsten Weg genommen», sagt Biondi. «Aber einfach habe ich es ihnen nicht gemacht!»</p><figure id="id-doc-1hg84go140" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="image" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent image image--containerwidth nzzinteraction" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/8e5d31d9-cbc2-4bcf-964a-03c61d526ddd.jpeg?width=1200&height=1800&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder" style="padding-bottom:150%;"><img alt="«Ich hatte ein wunderschönes Leben»: Manchmal fragt sich Massimo Biondi, warum ihn seine schwierige Jugend nicht gebrochen hat." data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="2574" height="3861" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" loading="lazy" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/8e5d31d9-cbc2-4bcf-964a-03c61d526ddd.jpeg?width=1120&height=1672&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2574,3842,x0,y0 1120w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/8e5d31d9-cbc2-4bcf-964a-03c61d526ddd.jpeg?width=2240&height=3343&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2574,3842,x0,y0 2240w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/8e5d31d9-cbc2-4bcf-964a-03c61d526ddd.jpeg?width=976&height=1457&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2574,3842,x0,y0 976w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/8e5d31d9-cbc2-4bcf-964a-03c61d526ddd.jpeg?width=1952&height=2913&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2574,3842,x0,y0 1952w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/8e5d31d9-cbc2-4bcf-964a-03c61d526ddd.jpeg?width=736&height=1099&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2574,3842,x0,y0 736w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/8e5d31d9-cbc2-4bcf-964a-03c61d526ddd.jpeg?width=1472&height=2197&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2574,3842,x0,y0 1472w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/8e5d31d9-cbc2-4bcf-964a-03c61d526ddd.jpeg?width=375&height=560&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2574,3842,x0,y0 375w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/8e5d31d9-cbc2-4bcf-964a-03c61d526ddd.jpeg?width=750&height=1119&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2574,3842,x0,y0 750w" sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 1120px, (min-width: 1024px) 976px, (min-width: 768px) 736px" class="image-placeholder__image" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div> <figcaption class="articlecomponent__description"> <div class="image-description image-description--containerwidth"><h2 data-nzz-tid="image-description-caption" data-team-image-caption="true" class="image-description__caption image-description__caption--large">«Ich hatte ein wunderschönes Leben»: Manchmal fragt sich Massimo Biondi, warum ihn seine schwierige Jugend nicht gebrochen hat.</h2> </div></figcaption> </figure><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1hgqpc8q00" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent nzzinteraction"><span>«Das Essen reichte nicht für alle»</span></h2><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp10" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">«Ein ‹Böser›, ein ‹Schwieriger›, ein ‹Krimineller› – so einer war ich für sie», sagt Biondi, wenn er über die Heimleiter und Erzieher spricht, die als Junger sein Leben bestimmten. «Und zwar, weil ich ihnen gesagt habe: Ihr habt kein Recht, null recht, mich so zu behandeln. Weil ich mich gewehrt habe.»</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp11" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Zu wehren beginnt Biondi sich früh. Mit sechs Jahren ist das, als er sein Zuhause verliert.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp12" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Zuvor hat er schon seine Mutter verloren, bei der Geburt. Der Vater – ein Marktfahrer, arm und ständig unterwegs – gibt ihn zur Grossmutter. Die lebt davon, dass sie anderen Leuten für ein paar Franken die Wäsche macht. Neben dem kleinen Massimo sorgt sie auch für eine erwachsene Tochter, der ein Bein fehlt. Ihr Mann, ein Alkoholiker, ist keine Hilfe. Einen modernen Sozialstaat gibt es in den 1940ern noch nicht.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp13" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Obwohl Biondi mit der Grossmutter von Notwohnung zu Notwohnung zieht, von Bruchbude zu Baracke, fühlt er sich bei ihr zu Hause. Bis er mit sechs fortgeschickt wird – zurück zum Vater und zu dessen neuer Frau.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp14" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Dort schaut niemand auf ihn. Zu sechst wohnt die Familie in drei Zimmern. Der Vater ist von morgens um vier bis Abends um elf unterwegs, verkauft auf Märkten Gürtel und Hosenträger. Zum Überleben lässt er manchmal einen Fünfliber zurück, manchmal eine Zehnernote und manchmal auch nichts. «Wir haben von Tag zu Tag gelebt», sagt Biondi. «Oft reichte das Essen nicht für alle.»</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp15" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Die Stiefmutter – wie der Vater aus Italien – zieht die leibliche Tochter den Stiefkindern vor. Sie bekommt jeden Morgen ein Bananenmüesli. Biondi darf, wenn davon etwas übrig bleibt, die Reste essen.</p><div id="id-doc-1hg84iq6i0" content="" pagetype="Article" is-new-line-child="true" class="imagegrid articlecomponent imagegrid--containerwidth nzzinteraction"><div class="imagegrid__row"><div class="imagegrid__image imagegrid__image--1of2"><figure class="articlecomponent image image--grid1of2" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/ac87ad40-c51a-4166-9257-5dc1a5fa7db5.jpeg?width=1200&height=1800&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder image__placeholder--grid1of2" style="padding-bottom:150.01%;"><img alt="" data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="3647" height="5471" src="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/ac87ad40-c51a-4166-9257-5dc1a5fa7db5.jpeg?width=624&height=931&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3647,5444,x0,y0" loading="eager" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/ac87ad40-c51a-4166-9257-5dc1a5fa7db5.jpeg?width=312&height=466&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3647,5444,x0,y0 312w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/ac87ad40-c51a-4166-9257-5dc1a5fa7db5.jpeg?width=624&height=931&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3647,5444,x0,y0 624w" class="image-placeholder__image image__src--grid1of2" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div>  </figure></div><div class="imagegrid__image imagegrid__image--1of2"><figure class="articlecomponent image image--grid1of2" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/6105afa0-e0f3-4a01-86df-6f346551f81a.jpeg?width=1200&height=1800&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder image__placeholder--grid1of2" style="padding-bottom:149.99%;"><img alt="" data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="3449" height="5173" src="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/6105afa0-e0f3-4a01-86df-6f346551f81a.jpeg?width=624&height=931&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3449,5148,x0,y0" loading="eager" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/6105afa0-e0f3-4a01-86df-6f346551f81a.jpeg?width=312&height=466&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3449,5148,x0,y0 312w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/6105afa0-e0f3-4a01-86df-6f346551f81a.jpeg?width=624&height=931&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3449,5148,x0,y0 624w" class="image-placeholder__image image__src--grid1of2" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div>  </figure></div></div>  <div class="image-description"><h2 data-nzz-tid="image-description-caption" data-team-image-caption="true" class="image-description__caption image-description__caption--large">Massimo Biondis Schreinerei in der Zürcher Altstadt ist voller Fundstücke, denen er wieder Leben eingehaucht hat.</h2> </div></div><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp16" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Die Hausaufgaben macht er nicht, den Eltern ist es egal, und die Lehrer stellen ihn als Reaktion in die Ecke oder schicken ihn aus dem Unterricht, stundenlang. «Ich habe früh gelernt, dass die Erwachsenen nicht automatisch die besseren Leute sind, bloss weil sie erwachsen sind», sagt Biondi. </p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp17" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Mit acht Jahren läuft er das erste Mal von zu Hause weg, lebt drei Tage auf einer Brache in Wipkingen, bevor die Polizei ihn wieder nach Hause bringt – und er das erste Mal in ein Heim kommt.</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1hgqpde2g0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent nzzinteraction"><span>Im Visier der Behörden</span></h2><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgps0kj50" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Es sind Menschen aus sozial schwachen Verhältnissen, die damals am schnellsten zum Ziel behördlicher Massnahmen werden. Wer arm ist, vielleicht noch aus dem Ausland, wer aus dem Raster fällt und als unfähig gilt, ein geregeltes Leben zu führen: Der oder die wird in staatliche Obhut genommen und in eine Anstalt gesteckt.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgq0b97r0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Das ist in der Schweiz bis in die 1980er Jahre die Praxis von Vormundschaftsbehörden, Heimen und Psychiatrien. Zwangsarbeit, körperliche Züchtigung und sexuelle Übergriffe sind dort an der Tagesordnung. Zwischen 50 000 und 60 000 Personen verlieren zwischen 1930 und 1980 Freiheit, Ansehen und nicht selten auch die Chance auf ein normales Leben. </p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgq1lrcc1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Kritisiert werden diese «fürsorgerischen Zwangsmassnahmen», seit es sie gibt. Doch von einer Mehrheit in Politik, Verwaltung und Gesellschaft werden sie akzeptiert. Ja man sieht sie gar als einen Akt der Nächstenliebe: als Hilfe für jene, die sich angeblich selbst nicht helfen können.</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1hgqpe4mj0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent nzzinteraction"><span>Die falschen Priester</span></h2><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp18" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Im ersten Kinderheim seiner langen Anstaltskarriere – der Brüschhalde in Männedorf – bleibt Massimo Biondi nur ein paar Monate. Die Schule beschränkt sich auf einen Betreuer, der ein paar Finger hochstreckt und fragt «Wie viele sind es?». Allen, die nicht zählen können, gibt er eine Ohrfeige. «Zack! Und dann ab ins Kämmerchen», an viel mehr erinnert sich Biondi nicht.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp19" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Bald wird er – nach einem kurzen Intermezzo zu Hause – in ein günstigeres Heim gebracht. Ins Raphaelsheim in Steinen, Kanton Schwyz. Es wird von Ordensschwestern geführt, beherbergt Kinder und Behinderte jeden Alters, und, sagt Biondi, «alles dort war so falsch».</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgq2mtkt1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Die Schwestern, die von Nächstenliebe reden, während sie die Zöglinge in Küche und Wäscherei schuften lassen.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgq2n2fs1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Die Zürcher Vormundin, die einmal im Jahr für einen Alibi-Besuch vorbeikommt und sagt: «So schlimm, wie du sagst, wird es schon nicht sein.»</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgdh3l2d1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Und die Priester, die sich an den Buben vergreifen.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp20" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">«Wenn man allein war, versuchten sie, einem ans Schnäbi zu langen», sagt Biondi. «Ich bin dann immer sofort weg, habe gesagt ‹Ich gehe!›. Viele andere haben sich das nicht getraut.»</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp21" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Früh findet Biondi für sich einen Weg, um zu überleben: Er versucht, allen Angst einzuflössen – Mitzöglingen wie Betreuern. Kommt er in einen neuen Schlafsaal, wartet er nicht ab, ob andere ihn verprügeln. Er prügelt zuerst. </p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsp22" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Immer wieder wird er im Raphaelsheim bestraft, in eine kalte Kammer gleich neben der Kapelle gesperrt. Bis er dort vorsorglich Werkzeug deponiert. Damit bricht er in der Nacht aus und schläft im warmen Heizkeller. Der Gärtner hat die Türe heimlich für ihn offen gelassen. «Das war ein Bündner, ein guter, ein weltlicher Mensch.»</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsq0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Nach zwei Jahren hat Biondi genug. In einer Dezembernacht bricht er aus und klaut am Bahnhof Steinen ein Velo. Damit fährt er los, in Richtung Zürich. Da ist er elf Jahre alt.</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1hgqpo1nl0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent nzzinteraction"><span>Wer sich weigert, wird bestraft</span></h2><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgqpurci0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Die grosse Mehrheit der administrativ Versorgten – rund 80 Prozent – sind Männer und Knaben. Frauen trifft es vor allem, wenn sie gegen die Sexualmoral verstossen, etwa ausserhalb der Ehe schwanger werden. Viele werden nicht nur versorgt und für Zwangsarbeit eingesetzt, sondern zum Teil auch sterilisiert. An psychisch Kranken werden derweil experimentelle Medikamente getestet.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgq3p2u31" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Dieses System der «administrativen Versorgung» wird durch genau jene Prinzipien ermöglicht, auf die man in der Schweiz sonst stolz ist: den Föderalismus, das Milizsystem und die Kleinräumigkeit des Landes.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hh2idhen0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Lokale Behörden haben viel Macht und wenig gerichtliche Kontrolle. Sie sind oft von Laien besetzt, die schalten und walten, wie sie wollen. Nicht selten spielen dabei persönliche Sympathien – man kennt sich – oder Vorurteile – etwa gegen Fahrende – eine Rolle.</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1hgqq5ee50" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent nzzinteraction"><span>Nach der Flucht die Frigor-Schokolade</span></h2><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsq1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Massimo Biondi schafft es bis an den Zugersee, bevor er vor Kälte vom Velo kippt. Den Rest des Weges geht er zu Fuss, in Hemd und Pullover. Am frühen Morgen kommt er in Zürich Enge an. Dort klaut er in einem Tea-Room drei Tafeln Frigor-Schokolade, «die gute mit der Crème drin». Er schlingt sie alle aufs Mal herunter.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgqq6cis1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Jahrelang wird er danach keinen Bissen Frigor-Schokolade mehr essen können.</p><div id="id-doc-1hg84l7gc0" content="" pagetype="Article" is-new-line-child="true" class="imagegrid articlecomponent imagegrid--containerwidth nzzinteraction"><div class="imagegrid__row"><div class="imagegrid__image imagegrid__image--1of2"><figure class="articlecomponent image image--grid1of2" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/4e148d80-f6a0-4b5e-8f99-9fce69981e39.jpeg?width=1200&height=1800&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder image__placeholder--grid1of2" style="padding-bottom:150%;"><img alt="" data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="3712" height="5568" src="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/4e148d80-f6a0-4b5e-8f99-9fce69981e39.jpeg?width=624&height=931&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3712,5541,x0,y0" loading="eager" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/4e148d80-f6a0-4b5e-8f99-9fce69981e39.jpeg?width=312&height=466&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3712,5541,x0,y0 312w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/4e148d80-f6a0-4b5e-8f99-9fce69981e39.jpeg?width=624&height=931&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3712,5541,x0,y0 624w" class="image-placeholder__image image__src--grid1of2" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div>  </figure></div><div class="imagegrid__image imagegrid__image--1of2"><figure class="articlecomponent image image--grid1of2" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/cf56f025-6574-40c9-bf52-130f0465182d.jpeg?width=1200&height=1800&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder image__placeholder--grid1of2" style="padding-bottom:150%;"><img alt="" data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="3648" height="5472" src="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/cf56f025-6574-40c9-bf52-130f0465182d.jpeg?width=624&height=931&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3648,5445,x0,y0" loading="eager" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/cf56f025-6574-40c9-bf52-130f0465182d.jpeg?width=312&height=466&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3648,5445,x0,y0 312w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/cf56f025-6574-40c9-bf52-130f0465182d.jpeg?width=624&height=931&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3648,5445,x0,y0 624w" class="image-placeholder__image image__src--grid1of2" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div>  </figure></div></div>  <div class="image-description"><h2 data-nzz-tid="image-description-caption" data-team-image-caption="true" class="image-description__caption image-description__caption--large">Die Erinnerung an die Übergriffe in Heimen und Anstalten hat Massimo Biondi kürzlich auch in einer improvisierten Skulptur verarbeitet. </h2> </div></div><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsq2" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Wenig später greift ihn die Polizei auf und bringt ihn zum Vater. Ein Jahr kann er diesmal bei ihm bleiben. In die Schule geht er allerdings nur kurz. Er meldet sich brieflich vom Unterricht ab, indem er sich für seinen Vater ausgibt. Niemand bemerkt es.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsq3" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">«Ich war schon ein Schwieriger», sagt Biondi.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsq4" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Ohne Schule fühlt er sich frei, zieht durch die Stadt, schwimmt im See, klaut ein Velo, fährt damit hoch nach Höngg und wieder hinunter. Bis er einmal zu spät nach Hause kommt, der Vater ihn in der Schule sucht – und erfährt, dass der Sohn dort seit Monaten nicht mehr hingeht.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsq5" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Einen Tag später packt seine Stiefmutter zwei Hemden, zwei Hosen, eine Unterhose und ein Paar Socken in ein Köfferchen. Und Biondi kommt in das dritte Heim, das härteste von allen.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsq6" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Es heisst Albisbrunn, liegt ländlich-abgelegen im zürcherischen Hausen am Albis und wird von einem Tyrannen geführt. «So ein zackiger Militärgrind», sagt Biondi. Einer, der die Jungen vor jedem Essen in Reih und Glied auftreten lässt, ein Opfer sucht – und dann zuschlägt. «Das konnte wegen eines falsch geknöpften Hemds sein oder weil man gesprochen hat, wenn man schweigen sollte», sagt Biondi.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgdj2v3d0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Von seiner Familie hört er in dieser Zeit wenig. Die anderen erhalten Pakete mit Essen und Kleidern, dürfen in den Sommerferien nach Hause. Er nicht. Um ein paar Jeans zu bekommen, lässt er einen anderen Jungen einen Monat lang sein Fleisch essen – und erhält dafür die ersehnten Hosen.</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1hgqr4vrq0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent nzzinteraction"><span>Härte, Disziplin, Moral</span></h2><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsq8" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Mit Drill und harter Arbeit sollen die Jungen in Albisbrunn diszipliniert werden. Biondi – damals 13 – muss Teiche ausheben, den Bauern auf dem Acker helfen und in der Werkstatt Spielzeug zusammenbauen, wie er es selbst nie besessen hat.</p><div id="id-doc-1hg84pnvk0" content="" pagetype="Article" is-new-line-child="true" class="imagegrid articlecomponent imagegrid--containerwidth nzzinteraction"><div class="imagegrid__row"><div class="imagegrid__image imagegrid__image--1of2"><figure class="articlecomponent image image--grid1of2" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/8a58001a-4c02-4c97-852e-90f8548ca692.jpeg?width=1200&height=1800&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder image__placeholder--grid1of2" style="padding-bottom:150%;"><img alt="" data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="3712" height="5568" src="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/8a58001a-4c02-4c97-852e-90f8548ca692.jpeg?width=624&height=931&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3712,5541,x0,y0" loading="eager" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/8a58001a-4c02-4c97-852e-90f8548ca692.jpeg?width=312&height=466&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3712,5541,x0,y0 312w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/8a58001a-4c02-4c97-852e-90f8548ca692.jpeg?width=624&height=931&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3712,5541,x0,y0 624w" class="image-placeholder__image image__src--grid1of2" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div>  </figure></div><div class="imagegrid__image imagegrid__image--1of2"><figure class="articlecomponent image image--grid1of2" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/87907dcb-eca7-40c8-91c3-8bf15af920df.jpeg?width=1200&height=1799&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder image__placeholder--grid1of2" style="padding-bottom:149.95%;"><img alt="" data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="3201" height="4800" src="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/87907dcb-eca7-40c8-91c3-8bf15af920df.jpeg?width=624&height=931&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3201,4778,x0,y0" loading="eager" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/87907dcb-eca7-40c8-91c3-8bf15af920df.jpeg?width=312&height=466&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3201,4778,x0,y0 312w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/87907dcb-eca7-40c8-91c3-8bf15af920df.jpeg?width=624&height=931&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3201,4778,x0,y0 624w" class="image-placeholder__image image__src--grid1of2" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div>  </figure></div></div>  <div class="image-description"><h2 data-nzz-tid="image-description-caption" data-team-image-caption="true" class="image-description__caption image-description__caption--large">Massimo Biondi ist in Zürich bekannt als begnadeter Restaurator historischer Möbel. Er will wieder ganz machen, was andere verloren gegeben haben.</h2> </div></div><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgps473i0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Die Jugendheime jener Zeit sehen sich als Ersatzfamilien, die Kindern jene Härte, Disziplin und Moral einhämmern, die ihnen zu Hause scheinbar fehlt. </p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgq776nq0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Wer sich dieser Art von Erziehung widersetzt, stellt das ganze System infrage.</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1hgqrc36t0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent nzzinteraction"><span>Nächtelang in der Waschküche</span></h2><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hg849nsq7" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Massimo Biondi tut in Albisbrunn genau das. Als der Heimleiter wieder einmal vor allen einen Wehrlosen verprügelt, stellt Biondi – unterdessen 14 – sich schützend vor das Opfer. Er sagt: «Probier es lieber mit mir, das überlebst du nicht!»</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgqrhci91" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Ein anderes Mal beordert der Heimleiter Biondi zur Leibesvisitation. Er müsse sich ausziehen, sagt er in seinem Büro. «Er wollte mir an die Hosen. Da sagte ich: ‹Nein, mit mir nicht. Wenn du mich anfasst, steche ich dich ab! In der Nacht, wenn du schläfst.› Da habe ich die Angst in seinen Augen gesehen.»</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgqrn7ha1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Für gefährlich und unberechenbar sollen sie ihn halten – das ist Biondis Überlebensstrategie. Und vielleicht seine Rettung: Später wird er erfahren, dass der Heimleiter sich an Kommilitonen vergriffen hat.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgqs1hhm0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Für seinen Widerstand wandert Biondi in die Waschküche. Nächtelang wird er dort eingesperrt. Keine Heizung, keine Decke, kalter Plättchenboden.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgqs3onr0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Er muss einen Monat lang im Stehen essen, erhält nur die schlechtesten Kleider oder muss über Mittag zusätzliche Arbeitsstunden leisten. Je mehr er kämpft, desto härter wird er behandelt. Und je härter er behandelt wird, desto mehr Hemmungen verliert er.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgdidn6a0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Biondi haut ab, wird wieder eingefangen, bricht in Kioske ein, wird erwischt, klaut Geld, steht kurz davor, ins Gefängnis zu kommen. Die Abwärtsspirale dreht sich – bis er schliesslich einen Ausweg findet.</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1hgqsqli10" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent nzzinteraction"><span>Die Befreiung</span></h2><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgdi1t7g1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Es ist schliesslich ein unscheinbarer Moment, der für Massimo Biondi zur Befreiung wird. Und eine entscheidende Rolle spielt dabei eine Holztruhe, nicht unähnlich derjenigen, die heute in seinem Geschäft steht.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgdlbr0r0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Mit 15 haut Biondi ein weiteres Mal ab und kommt in ein neues Heim: die Erziehungsanstalt für Schwererziehbare im luzernischen Bad Knutwil. Dort hat Biondi Glück – er gerät an einen guten Schreinermeister. Mit ihm macht er ab: Schafft er die Lehre, darf er raus.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgdlsp390" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">«Und dann hat irgendeine Händlerin aus Zürich diese alte Holztruhe vorbeigebracht, zum Flicken. Der Meister hat gesagt: Biondi, du machst das. Und ich natürlich erst so: ‹Immer ich, sicher nicht!› Aber dann habe ich sie mir angeschaut, ganz genau», sagt Biondi. «Ah, da fehlt etwas . . . Da war mal ein Sockel . . . Wie kann ich das nachbauen? Da, in diesem Moment habe ich gemerkt: Das ist mein Leben, mein Beruf.»</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgdmd2r00" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Ohne Probleme schliesst Biondi seine Lehre ab, mit Bestnoten kommt er durch die Prüfung. Und dann, mit 19 Jahren, läuft er aus dem Heim, nimmt den Zug nach Zürich und tut für den Rest seines Lebens das, was er sich vorgenommen hat: Er macht wieder ganz, was andere verloren gegeben haben.</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1hgqtn0750" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent nzzinteraction"><span>Druck von aussen</span></h2><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgqtmum70" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">1964, als Biondi das Anstaltsleben hinter sich lässt, ist das Ende der administrativen Versorgung noch fern. Dieses kommt erst mehr als zehn Jahre später, nach jahrzehntelanger Kritik durch die Betroffenen.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgqtpq490" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Doch am Ende ist es nicht die Kritik, die den Ausschlag gibt. Es ist die Ratifizierung der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention 1974. Da stellt sich heraus, dass die Schweiz mit ihren fürsorgerischen Zwangsmassnahmen dagegen verstösst.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgqtteaj0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Das bringt die träge Politik zum Handeln. 1981 wird erstmals in einem Bundesgesetz geregelt, wann und wie Menschen, die kein Verbrechen begangen haben, die Freiheit genommen werden darf. Und wann eben nicht. Eine offizielle Entschuldigung durch den Bundesrat folgt 2013, jene durch die Stadt Zürich im September 2023. Auch eine historische Aufarbeitung der städtischen Versorgungspolitik ist angekündigt.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgqtsr750" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Für Zehntausende von Heimkindern kommt das zu spät. Ihr Leben ist durch das Trauma und das Stigma der «Versorgung» gezeichnet. Viele finden nie mehr auf die Beine.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgqu52om0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Bei Massimo Biondi jedoch ist das anders.</p><div id="id-doc-1hhemhm7r0" content="" pagetype="Article" is-new-line-child="true" class="imagegrid articlecomponent imagegrid--containerwidth nzzinteraction"><div class="imagegrid__row"><div class="imagegrid__image imagegrid__image--1of2"><figure class="articlecomponent image image--grid1of2" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/12/12/83db28b2-a30a-420b-a9ce-a5d4e57659cf.jpeg?width=1200&height=1800&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder image__placeholder--grid1of2" style="padding-bottom:150.03%;"><img alt="" data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="3478" height="5218" src="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/12/12/83db28b2-a30a-420b-a9ce-a5d4e57659cf.jpeg?width=624&height=931&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3478,5192,x0,y0" loading="eager" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/12/12/83db28b2-a30a-420b-a9ce-a5d4e57659cf.jpeg?width=312&height=466&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3478,5192,x0,y0 312w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/12/12/83db28b2-a30a-420b-a9ce-a5d4e57659cf.jpeg?width=624&height=931&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3478,5192,x0,y0 624w" class="image-placeholder__image image__src--grid1of2" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div>  </figure></div><div class="imagegrid__image imagegrid__image--1of2"><figure class="articlecomponent image image--grid1of2" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/2d605c72-bb49-4260-90df-4915037b4d9c.jpeg?width=1200&height=1800&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder image__placeholder--grid1of2" style="padding-bottom:150%;"><img alt="" data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="3712" height="5568" src="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/2d605c72-bb49-4260-90df-4915037b4d9c.jpeg?width=624&height=931&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3712,5541,x0,y0" loading="eager" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/2d605c72-bb49-4260-90df-4915037b4d9c.jpeg?width=312&height=466&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3712,5541,x0,y0 312w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/2d605c72-bb49-4260-90df-4915037b4d9c.jpeg?width=624&height=931&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3712,5541,x0,y0 624w" class="image-placeholder__image image__src--grid1of2" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div>  </figure></div></div>  <div class="image-description"><h2 data-nzz-tid="image-description-caption" data-team-image-caption="true" class="image-description__caption image-description__caption--large">Ohne seine Frau, die mit ihm sein Geschäft führt, wäre er verloren gewesen, sagt Massimo Biondi. Fehlerfreies Schreiben zum Beispiel wurde ihm in seiner Heimkarriere nie richtig beigebracht.</h2> </div></div><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1hgqu5ifa0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent nzzinteraction"><span>«Ein wunderschönes Leben»</span></h2><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgdmijn10" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Als freier Mann macht er rasch Karriere. Er arbeitet erst für andere Antik-Schreiner, eröffnet dann zusammen mit seiner Frau ein eigenes Geschäft, das schliesslich zur ersten Adresse für historische Möbelrenovationen in der Stadt Zürich wird. Das Landesmuseum empfiehlt ihn, die Zürcher Oberschicht vertraut ihm die Familienstücke an. Sein Geschäft am Rindermarkt gehört – zumindest, wenn man die lokale Bevölkerung fragt – zu den bekanntesten der Zürcher Altstadt.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgpsbd790" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Noch heute, mit fast 80, denkt er nicht ans Aufhören, kommt jeden Tag ins Geschäft. In seiner Werkstatt, klein und vollgestellt, hat jedes Objekt eine Geschichte. Und egal, ob es ein unbezahlbares Holzmöbel ist oder eine Brille aus Plastik: Biondi fasst jedes Stück an, als verdiene es den allergrössten Respekt.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgqta55k0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Biondi sagt über sich, er habe «ein wunderschönes Leben». Wenn er von seiner Jugendzeit erzählt, sagt er oft Sätze wie «Ich will nicht jammern» oder «Andere hatten es schlimmer als ich». Manchmal treibt ihn die Frage um, warum ihn – anders als viele andere – die Vergangenheit im Heim nicht gebrochen hat. War es Willensstärke? Oder einfach Glück? Meist, sagt er, denke er jedoch nicht allzu viel über dieses Kapitel seines Lebens nach.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgptcu3j1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Biondi hat einen erwachsenen Sohn, der in Japan lebt. Mit seiner Frau ist er zusammen, seit er 22 ist. Er lernt sie im «Grüezi» kennen, einer alkoholfreien Bar neben dem Hauptbahnhof. «Ich wusste sofort: Das ist sie. Das ist die Frau fürs Leben», sagt er. Und so ist es dann auch.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hhbt8ag60" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Sie kümmert sich im Geschäft um all das, was ihm nach den Jahren im Heim Mühe bereitet: Korrespondenz, Buchhaltung, Steuern, Verträge. Ohne sie, sagt er, wäre sein Erfolg nie möglich gewesen. Ihr Leben lang, sagt sie, sei sie sein Schutzschild gewesen. </p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1hgpsb3jk1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Jeden Mittag gehen die beiden zusammen einen Kaffee trinken, jeweils in einem schicken Lokal in der Innenstadt. Da sitzt Biondi dann, in Wollsocken und klobigen Arbeitsschuhen, Hemd und Hose mit Farbtupfern übersät. Inmitten von Anzugträgern und parfümierten Damen lässt er sich bedienen. Und es ist für ihn wie eine kleine, friedliche Rebellion.</p><figure id="id-doc-1hg84qt4s0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="image" data-vars-danzz-last-article-element="true" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent image image--containerwidth nzzinteraction" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/27f48b1b-d06d-4fef-bd4d-2e6daf6c629b.jpeg?width=1200&height=1812&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder" style="padding-bottom:150.98%;"><img alt="«Einfach habe ich es ihnen nicht gemacht»: Massimo Biondi in seiner Schreinerei am Zürcher Rindermarkt." data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="3576" height="5399" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" loading="lazy" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/27f48b1b-d06d-4fef-bd4d-2e6daf6c629b.jpeg?width=1120&height=1697&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3564,5399,x0,y0 1120w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/27f48b1b-d06d-4fef-bd4d-2e6daf6c629b.jpeg?width=2240&height=3394&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3564,5399,x0,y0 2240w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/27f48b1b-d06d-4fef-bd4d-2e6daf6c629b.jpeg?width=976&height=1479&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3564,5399,x0,y0 976w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/27f48b1b-d06d-4fef-bd4d-2e6daf6c629b.jpeg?width=1952&height=2958&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3564,5399,x0,y0 1952w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/27f48b1b-d06d-4fef-bd4d-2e6daf6c629b.jpeg?width=736&height=1115&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3564,5399,x0,y0 736w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/27f48b1b-d06d-4fef-bd4d-2e6daf6c629b.jpeg?width=1472&height=2230&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3564,5399,x0,y0 1472w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/27f48b1b-d06d-4fef-bd4d-2e6daf6c629b.jpeg?width=375&height=568&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3564,5399,x0,y0 375w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/11/27/27f48b1b-d06d-4fef-bd4d-2e6daf6c629b.jpeg?width=750&height=1136&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3564,5399,x0,y0 750w" sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 1120px, (min-width: 1024px) 976px, (min-width: 768px) 736px" class="image-placeholder__image" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div> <figcaption class="articlecomponent__description"> <div class="image-description image-description--containerwidth"><h2 data-nzz-tid="image-description-caption" data-team-image-caption="true" class="image-description__caption image-description__caption--large">«Einfach habe ich es ihnen nicht gemacht»: Massimo Biondi in seiner Schreinerei am Zürcher Rindermarkt.</h2> </div></figcaption> </figure><div id="id-doc-1hg849nsq25" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="sharebox" is-new-line-child="true" 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container__header-title--moretosubject"><span class="container__header-text container__header-text--moretosubject">Passend zum Artikel</span></div></div> <div class="widget__row widget__row--noBorder"><div data-team-more-to-subject class="widget--articlelist-a"><article data-source-element-widget="" class="teaser--article teaser--articlelist-a "><div id="id-ld_1738267" data-nzz-tid="teaser" data-nzz-ct="" class="teaser teaser__layout--longformvisual teaser--size-articlelist-a">    <div flag-item="[object Object]" flag-size="articlelist-a" class="poster poster--articlelist-a poster--articlelist-a-longformvisual"><figure class="poster__figure poster__figure--image"><a href="/zuerich/er-kaempfte-fuer-den-fuehrer-die-schweiz-half-ihm-bei-der-flucht-aufstieg-fall-und-rettung-eines-nazi-arztes-ld.1738267" data-nzz-referrer="articleTeaser" class="teaser__link teaser__link--poster teaser__link--poster-articlelist-a"><div class="image-placeholder poster__placeholder" style="padding-bottom:100%;"><img alt="«Wird Ausstellung des Ausweises empfohlen? – «Ja»: Ausschnitt aus Irsiglers Akte bei der Eidgenössischen Fremdenpolizei. 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font-size="70" font-family="GTAmerica-Medium">1</text><text transform="translate(85.576 221.573)" font-size="70" font-family="GTAmerica-Medium">2</text><text transform="translate(369.6 325.886)" font-size="70" font-family="GTAmerica-Medium">4</text><text transform="translate(183.015 416.184)" font-size="70" font-family="GTAmerica-Medium">1</text></svg></div> <h3 href="https://spiele.nzz.ch/sudoku/?utm_campaign=sudoku&utm_medium=footer_widget&utm_source=nzz_ch" class="games-widget__title">Sudoku</h3></a></div><div class="games-widget__item swiper-slide"><a href="https://spiele.nzz.ch/mahjong/?utm_campaign=mahjong&utm_medium=footer_widget&utm_source=nzz_ch" class="games-widget__link"><div class="games-widget__icon games-widget__icon--article"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 500 500" class="nzz-icons--icon nzz-icons--fill" style="width:72px;height:72px;"><path pid="0" d="M366.6 403.5c-3.5 0-6.9-.5-10.3-1.5l-163.6-50c-9-2.8-16.4-8.9-20.9-17.3s-5.4-18-2.6-27L249.8 44c4.5-14.8 18.5-25.1 34-25.1 3.5 0 6.9.5 10.3 1.5l163.6 50c9 2.8 16.4 8.9 20.9 17.3s5.4 18 2.6 27l-80.6 263.6c-4.5 14.9-18.5 25.2-34 25.2z" fill="#fff"/><path pid="1" d="M283.8 28c2.6 0 5.2.4 7.6 1.1l163.6 50c14 4.3 21.8 19.1 17.6 33L392 375.8c-3.4 11-13.8 18.7-25.4 18.7-2.6 0-5.2-.4-7.6-1.1l-163.6-50c-14-4.3-21.8-19.1-17.6-33l80.6-263.6c3.4-11.1 13.8-18.8 25.4-18.8m0-18c-19 0-36.8 12.4-42.6 31.5L160.6 305c-7.1 23.4 6.1 48.4 29.5 55.5l163.6 50c4.3 1.3 8.6 1.9 12.9 1.9 19 0 36.8-12.4 42.6-31.5l80.6-263.6c7.1-23.4-6.1-48.4-29.5-55.5l-163.6-50c-4.3-1.2-8.6-1.8-12.9-1.8z"/><path pid="2" d="M355 158.1c-2.5 0-4.9-.4-7.3-1.1-13.1-4-20.5-17.9-16.5-31.1 3.2-10.5 12.8-17.6 23.8-17.6 2.5 0 4.9.4 7.3 1.1 6.4 1.9 11.6 6.2 14.7 12.1 3.1 5.9 3.8 12.6 1.8 19-3.3 10.6-12.8 17.6-23.8 17.6z" fill="#fff"/><path pid="3" d="M355 117.4c1.6 0 3.1.2 4.7.7 4.1 1.2 7.4 4 9.4 7.7s2.4 8 1.2 12.1c-2 6.6-8.3 11.2-15.2 11.2-1.6 0-3.1-.2-4.7-.7-8.4-2.6-13.1-11.5-10.5-19.8 1.9-6.6 8.1-11.2 15.1-11.2m-.1-18c-14.5 0-27.9 9.4-32.4 24-5.5 17.9 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Wie Zehntausende andere wurde er ein Opfer fürsorgerischer Zwangsmassnahmen. Heute ist er der bekannteste Schreiner der Altstadt. 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Jeder ausser ihm."},data:{},prevElement:dA,nextElement:cC},{id:"doc-6c53ebc0",identifier:cC,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hh2f59sb1",content:{text:"Die Ränder sind von Holzwürmern zerfressen, die Platte verblichen, die Risse im alten Holz gut sichtbar. Die Truhe stammt aus dem 17. Jahrhundert, und wenn Biondis Kunden sie sehen, sagen sie: «Die wird mal schön, wenn sie restauriert ist.»"},paidContent:d,prevElement:cC,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp2",content:{text:"Doch wer so denke, sagt Biondi, habe nichts verstanden. «Mir gefällt sie, weil sie nicht perfekt ist, weil man ihr das Alter ansieht und all das, was sie überstanden hat.»"},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp3",content:{text:"Biondi ist 78, ein Mann mit sanfter Stimme und harter Vergangenheit. Einer, dem als Kind niemand fehlerloses Schreiben beibringen mochte und der heute auswendig Gottfried-Keller-Gedichte zitiert. Einer, der Geschichte sichtbar machen will, statt sie zu verbergen."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp4",content:{text:"Massimo Biondi, in Zürich bekannt als Restaurator antiker Möbel, ist ein ehemaliges Heimkind. Wie Tausende in der Stadt und Zehntausende in der ganzen Schweiz wurde er in seiner Jugend Opfer fürsorgerischer Zwangsmassnahmen. "},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp6",content:{text:"«Man hat bei uns immer den billigsten Weg genommen», sagt Biondi. «Aber einfach habe ich es ihnen nicht gemacht!»"},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:al},{component:dG,identifier:al,id:dH,content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F8e5d31d9-cbc2-4bcf-964a-03c61d526ddd.jpeg",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F8e5d31d9-cbc2-4bcf-964a-03c61d526ddd.jpeg?width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp",mediaId:"w-Z8ZbQcSrHS",width:2574,height:3861,mimeType:l,altText:u,origins:[{name:g,identifier:dI}],imageService:p,key:"2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F8e5d31d9-cbc2-4bcf-964a-03c61d526ddd.jpeg"},caption:cD},styles:{position:dJ},data:{_captionDirective:{}},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:h},{component:w,identifier:h,id:"doc-1hgqpc8q00",content:{title:"«Das Essen reichte nicht für alle»",id:"subtitle-das-essen-reichte-nicht-f-r-alle"},contentTable:b,paidContent:d,prevElement:al,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp10",content:{text:"«Ein ‹Böser›, ein ‹Schwieriger›, ein ‹Krimineller› – so einer war ich für sie», sagt Biondi, wenn er über die Heimleiter und Erzieher spricht, die als Junger sein Leben bestimmten. «Und zwar, weil ich ihnen gesagt habe: Ihr habt kein Recht, null recht, mich so zu behandeln. Weil ich mich gewehrt habe.»"},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:h,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp11",content:{text:"Zu wehren beginnt Biondi sich früh. Mit sechs Jahren ist das, als er sein Zuhause verliert."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp12",content:{text:"Zuvor hat er schon seine Mutter verloren, bei der Geburt. Der Vater – ein Marktfahrer, arm und ständig unterwegs – gibt ihn zur Grossmutter. Die lebt davon, dass sie anderen Leuten für ein paar Franken die Wäsche macht. Neben dem kleinen Massimo sorgt sie auch für eine erwachsene Tochter, der ein Bein fehlt. Ihr Mann, ein Alkoholiker, ist keine Hilfe. Einen modernen Sozialstaat gibt es in den 1940ern noch nicht."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp13",content:{text:"Obwohl Biondi mit der Grossmutter von Notwohnung zu Notwohnung zieht, von Bruchbude zu Baracke, fühlt er sich bei ihr zu Hause. Bis er mit sechs fortgeschickt wird – zurück zum Vater und zu dessen neuer Frau."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp14",content:{text:"Dort schaut niemand auf ihn. Zu sechst wohnt die Familie in drei Zimmern. Der Vater ist von morgens um vier bis Abends um elf unterwegs, verkauft auf Märkten Gürtel und Hosenträger. Zum Überleben lässt er manchmal einen Fünfliber zurück, manchmal eine Zehnernote und manchmal auch nichts. «Wir haben von Tag zu Tag gelebt», sagt Biondi. «Oft reichte das Essen nicht für alle.»"},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp15",content:{text:"Die Stiefmutter – wie der Vater aus Italien – zieht die leibliche Tochter den Stiefkindern vor. Sie bekommt jeden Morgen ein Bananenmüesli. Biondi darf, wenn davon etwas übrig bleibt, die Reste essen."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:r},{component:bn,identifier:r,id:"doc-1hg84iq6i0",content:{caption:"Massimo Biondis Schreinerei in der Zürcher Altstadt ist voller Fundstücke, denen er wieder Leben eingehaucht hat."},styles:{"imagegrid-width":bo},containers:{imageRows:[{component:bp,identifier:bq,id:"doc-1hg84iq6j0",containers:{imageRow:[{component:E,identifier:F,id:dK,content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002Fac87ad40-c51a-4166-9257-5dc1a5fa7db5.jpeg",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002Fac87ad40-c51a-4166-9257-5dc1a5fa7db5.jpeg?width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp",mediaId:"1TwF6CS6FfMZ",width:3647,height:5471,mimeType:l,altText:u,origins:[{name:g,identifier:"2149473522"}],imageService:p,key:"2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002Fac87ad40-c51a-4166-9257-5dc1a5fa7db5.jpeg"}}},{component:E,identifier:F,id:dL,content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F6105afa0-e0f3-4a01-86df-6f346551f81a.jpeg",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F6105afa0-e0f3-4a01-86df-6f346551f81a.jpeg?width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp",mediaId:"8Int5vFg24o0",width:3449,height:5173,mimeType:l,altText:u,origins:[{name:g,identifier:"2149473518"}],imageService:p,key:"2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F6105afa0-e0f3-4a01-86df-6f346551f81a.jpeg"}}}]}}]},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp16",content:{text:"Die Hausaufgaben macht er nicht, den Eltern ist es egal, und die Lehrer stellen ihn als Reaktion in die Ecke oder schicken ihn aus dem Unterricht, stundenlang. «Ich habe früh gelernt, dass die Erwachsenen nicht automatisch die besseren Leute sind, bloss weil sie erwachsen sind», sagt Biondi. "},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:r,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp17",content:{text:"Mit acht Jahren läuft er das erste Mal von zu Hause weg, lebt drei Tage auf einer Brache in Wipkingen, bevor die Polizei ihn wieder nach Hause bringt – und er das erste Mal in ein Heim kommt."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:h},{component:w,identifier:h,id:"doc-1hgqpde2g0",content:{title:"Im Visier der Behörden",id:"subtitle-im-visier-der-beh-rden"},contentTable:b,paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgps0kj50",content:{text:"Es sind Menschen aus sozial schwachen Verhältnissen, die damals am schnellsten zum Ziel behördlicher Massnahmen werden. Wer arm ist, vielleicht noch aus dem Ausland, wer aus dem Raster fällt und als unfähig gilt, ein geregeltes Leben zu führen: Der oder die wird in staatliche Obhut genommen und in eine Anstalt gesteckt."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:h,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgq0b97r0",content:{text:"Das ist in der Schweiz bis in die 1980er Jahre die Praxis von Vormundschaftsbehörden, Heimen und Psychiatrien. Zwangsarbeit, körperliche Züchtigung und sexuelle Übergriffe sind dort an der Tagesordnung. Zwischen 50 000 und 60 000 Personen verlieren zwischen 1930 und 1980 Freiheit, Ansehen und nicht selten auch die Chance auf ein normales Leben. "},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgq1lrcc1",content:{text:"Kritisiert werden diese «fürsorgerischen Zwangsmassnahmen», seit es sie gibt. Doch von einer Mehrheit in Politik, Verwaltung und Gesellschaft werden sie akzeptiert. Ja man sieht sie gar als einen Akt der Nächstenliebe: als Hilfe für jene, die sich angeblich selbst nicht helfen können."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:h},{component:w,identifier:h,id:"doc-1hgqpe4mj0",content:{title:"Die falschen Priester",id:"subtitle-die-falschen-priester"},contentTable:b,paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp18",content:{text:"Im ersten Kinderheim seiner langen Anstaltskarriere – der Brüschhalde in Männedorf – bleibt Massimo Biondi nur ein paar Monate. Die Schule beschränkt sich auf einen Betreuer, der ein paar Finger hochstreckt und fragt «Wie viele sind es?». Allen, die nicht zählen können, gibt er eine Ohrfeige. «Zack! Und dann ab ins Kämmerchen», an viel mehr erinnert sich Biondi nicht."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:h,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp19",content:{text:"Bald wird er – nach einem kurzen Intermezzo zu Hause – in ein günstigeres Heim gebracht. Ins Raphaelsheim in Steinen, Kanton Schwyz. Es wird von Ordensschwestern geführt, beherbergt Kinder und Behinderte jeden Alters, und, sagt Biondi, «alles dort war so falsch»."},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgq2mtkt1",content:{text:"Die Schwestern, die von Nächstenliebe reden, während sie die Zöglinge in Küche und Wäscherei schuften lassen."},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgq2n2fs1",content:{text:"Die Zürcher Vormundin, die einmal im Jahr für einen Alibi-Besuch vorbeikommt und sagt: «So schlimm, wie du sagst, wird es schon nicht sein.»"},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgdh3l2d1",content:{text:"Und die Priester, die sich an den Buben vergreifen."},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp20",content:{text:"«Wenn man allein war, versuchten sie, einem ans Schnäbi zu langen», sagt Biondi. «Ich bin dann immer sofort weg, habe gesagt ‹Ich gehe!›. Viele andere haben sich das nicht getraut.»"},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp21",content:{text:"Früh findet Biondi für sich einen Weg, um zu überleben: Er versucht, allen Angst einzuflössen – Mitzöglingen wie Betreuern. Kommt er in einen neuen Schlafsaal, wartet er nicht ab, ob andere ihn verprügeln. Er prügelt zuerst. "},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsp22",content:{text:"Immer wieder wird er im Raphaelsheim bestraft, in eine kalte Kammer gleich neben der Kapelle gesperrt. Bis er dort vorsorglich Werkzeug deponiert. Damit bricht er in der Nacht aus und schläft im warmen Heizkeller. Der Gärtner hat die Türe heimlich für ihn offen gelassen. «Das war ein Bündner, ein guter, ein weltlicher Mensch.»"},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsq0",content:{text:"Nach zwei Jahren hat Biondi genug. In einer Dezembernacht bricht er aus und klaut am Bahnhof Steinen ein Velo. Damit fährt er los, in Richtung Zürich. Da ist er elf Jahre alt."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:h},{component:w,identifier:h,id:"doc-1hgqpo1nl0",content:{title:"Wer sich weigert, wird bestraft",id:"subtitle-wer-sich-weigert-wird-bestraft"},contentTable:b,paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgqpurci0",content:{text:"Die grosse Mehrheit der administrativ Versorgten – rund 80 Prozent – sind Männer und Knaben. Frauen trifft es vor allem, wenn sie gegen die Sexualmoral verstossen, etwa ausserhalb der Ehe schwanger werden. Viele werden nicht nur versorgt und für Zwangsarbeit eingesetzt, sondern zum Teil auch sterilisiert. An psychisch Kranken werden derweil experimentelle Medikamente getestet."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:h,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgq3p2u31",content:{text:"Dieses System der «administrativen Versorgung» wird durch genau jene Prinzipien ermöglicht, auf die man in der Schweiz sonst stolz ist: den Föderalismus, das Milizsystem und die Kleinräumigkeit des Landes."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hh2idhen0",content:{text:"Lokale Behörden haben viel Macht und wenig gerichtliche Kontrolle. Sie sind oft von Laien besetzt, die schalten und walten, wie sie wollen. Nicht selten spielen dabei persönliche Sympathien – man kennt sich – oder Vorurteile – etwa gegen Fahrende – eine Rolle."},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:h},{component:w,identifier:h,id:"doc-1hgqq5ee50",content:{title:"Nach der Flucht die Frigor-Schokolade",id:"subtitle-nach-der-flucht-die-frigor-schokolade"},contentTable:b,paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsq1",content:{text:"Massimo Biondi schafft es bis an den Zugersee, bevor er vor Kälte vom Velo kippt. Den Rest des Weges geht er zu Fuss, in Hemd und Pullover. Am frühen Morgen kommt er in Zürich Enge an. Dort klaut er in einem Tea-Room drei Tafeln Frigor-Schokolade, «die gute mit der Crème drin». Er schlingt sie alle aufs Mal herunter."},paidContent:d,prevElement:h,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgqq6cis1",content:{text:"Jahrelang wird er danach keinen Bissen Frigor-Schokolade mehr essen können."},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:r},{component:bn,identifier:r,id:"doc-1hg84l7gc0",content:{caption:"Die Erinnerung an die Übergriffe in Heimen und Anstalten hat Massimo Biondi kürzlich auch in einer improvisierten Skulptur verarbeitet. "},styles:{"imagegrid-width":bo},containers:{imageRows:[{component:bp,identifier:bq,id:"doc-1hg84l7gc1",containers:{imageRow:[{component:E,identifier:F,id:dM,content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F4e148d80-f6a0-4b5e-8f99-9fce69981e39.jpeg",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F4e148d80-f6a0-4b5e-8f99-9fce69981e39.jpeg?width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp",mediaId:"ikfy9OPoreLC",width:am,height:br,mimeType:l,altText:u,origins:[{name:g,identifier:"2149473553"}],imageService:p,key:"2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F4e148d80-f6a0-4b5e-8f99-9fce69981e39.jpeg"}}},{component:E,identifier:F,id:dN,content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002Fcf56f025-6574-40c9-bf52-130f0465182d.jpeg",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002Fcf56f025-6574-40c9-bf52-130f0465182d.jpeg?width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp",mediaId:"REtM5VXfgTrm",width:3648,height:5472,mimeType:l,altText:u,origins:[{name:g,identifier:"2149473611"}],imageService:p,key:"2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002Fcf56f025-6574-40c9-bf52-130f0465182d.jpeg"}}}]}}]},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsq2",content:{text:"Wenig später greift ihn die Polizei auf und bringt ihn zum Vater. Ein Jahr kann er diesmal bei ihm bleiben. In die Schule geht er allerdings nur kurz. Er meldet sich brieflich vom Unterricht ab, indem er sich für seinen Vater ausgibt. Niemand bemerkt es."},paidContent:d,prevElement:r,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsq3",content:{text:"«Ich war schon ein Schwieriger», sagt Biondi."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsq4",content:{text:"Ohne Schule fühlt er sich frei, zieht durch die Stadt, schwimmt im See, klaut ein Velo, fährt damit hoch nach Höngg und wieder hinunter. Bis er einmal zu spät nach Hause kommt, der Vater ihn in der Schule sucht – und erfährt, dass der Sohn dort seit Monaten nicht mehr hingeht."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsq5",content:{text:"Einen Tag später packt seine Stiefmutter zwei Hemden, zwei Hosen, eine Unterhose und ein Paar Socken in ein Köfferchen. Und Biondi kommt in das dritte Heim, das härteste von allen."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsq6",content:{text:"Es heisst Albisbrunn, liegt ländlich-abgelegen im zürcherischen Hausen am Albis und wird von einem Tyrannen geführt. «So ein zackiger Militärgrind», sagt Biondi. Einer, der die Jungen vor jedem Essen in Reih und Glied auftreten lässt, ein Opfer sucht – und dann zuschlägt. «Das konnte wegen eines falsch geknöpften Hemds sein oder weil man gesprochen hat, wenn man schweigen sollte», sagt Biondi."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgdj2v3d0",content:{text:"Von seiner Familie hört er in dieser Zeit wenig. Die anderen erhalten Pakete mit Essen und Kleidern, dürfen in den Sommerferien nach Hause. Er nicht. Um ein paar Jeans zu bekommen, lässt er einen anderen Jungen einen Monat lang sein Fleisch essen – und erhält dafür die ersehnten Hosen."},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:h},{component:w,identifier:h,id:"doc-1hgqr4vrq0",content:{title:"Härte, Disziplin, Moral",id:"subtitle-h-rte-disziplin-moral"},contentTable:b,paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsq8",content:{text:"Mit Drill und harter Arbeit sollen die Jungen in Albisbrunn diszipliniert werden. Biondi – damals 13 – muss Teiche ausheben, den Bauern auf dem Acker helfen und in der Werkstatt Spielzeug zusammenbauen, wie er es selbst nie besessen hat."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:h,nextElement:r},{component:bn,identifier:r,id:"doc-1hg84pnvk0",content:{caption:"Massimo Biondi ist in Zürich bekannt als begnadeter Restaurator historischer Möbel. Er will wieder ganz machen, was andere verloren gegeben haben."},styles:{"imagegrid-width":bo},containers:{imageRows:[{component:bp,identifier:bq,id:"doc-1hg84pnvk1",containers:{imageRow:[{component:E,identifier:F,id:dO,content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F8a58001a-4c02-4c97-852e-90f8548ca692.jpeg",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F8a58001a-4c02-4c97-852e-90f8548ca692.jpeg?width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp",mediaId:"7wMmtlQJBx53",width:am,height:br,mimeType:l,altText:u,origins:[{name:g,identifier:"2149473603"}],imageService:p,key:"2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F8a58001a-4c02-4c97-852e-90f8548ca692.jpeg"}}},{component:E,identifier:F,id:dP,content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F87907dcb-eca7-40c8-91c3-8bf15af920df.jpeg",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F87907dcb-eca7-40c8-91c3-8bf15af920df.jpeg?width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp",mediaId:"PC7eyD-oQmCB",width:3201,height:4800,mimeType:l,altText:u,origins:[{name:g,identifier:"2149473566"}],imageService:p,key:"2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F87907dcb-eca7-40c8-91c3-8bf15af920df.jpeg"}}}]}}]},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgps473i0",content:{text:"Die Jugendheime jener Zeit sehen sich als Ersatzfamilien, die Kindern jene Härte, Disziplin und Moral einhämmern, die ihnen zu Hause scheinbar fehlt. "},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:r,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgq776nq0",content:{text:"Wer sich dieser Art von Erziehung widersetzt, stellt das ganze System infrage."},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:h},{component:w,identifier:h,id:"doc-1hgqrc36t0",content:{title:"Nächtelang in der Waschküche",id:"subtitle-n-chtelang-in-der-waschk-che"},contentTable:b,paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hg849nsq7",content:{text:"Massimo Biondi tut in Albisbrunn genau das. Als der Heimleiter wieder einmal vor allen einen Wehrlosen verprügelt, stellt Biondi – unterdessen 14 – sich schützend vor das Opfer. Er sagt: «Probier es lieber mit mir, das überlebst du nicht!»"},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:h,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgqrhci91",content:{text:"Ein anderes Mal beordert der Heimleiter Biondi zur Leibesvisitation. Er müsse sich ausziehen, sagt er in seinem Büro. «Er wollte mir an die Hosen. Da sagte ich: ‹Nein, mit mir nicht. Wenn du mich anfasst, steche ich dich ab! In der Nacht, wenn du schläfst.› Da habe ich die Angst in seinen Augen gesehen.»"},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgqrn7ha1",content:{text:"Für gefährlich und unberechenbar sollen sie ihn halten – das ist Biondis Überlebensstrategie. Und vielleicht seine Rettung: Später wird er erfahren, dass der Heimleiter sich an Kommilitonen vergriffen hat."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgqs1hhm0",content:{text:"Für seinen Widerstand wandert Biondi in die Waschküche. Nächtelang wird er dort eingesperrt. Keine Heizung, keine Decke, kalter Plättchenboden."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgqs3onr0",content:{text:"Er muss einen Monat lang im Stehen essen, erhält nur die schlechtesten Kleider oder muss über Mittag zusätzliche Arbeitsstunden leisten. Je mehr er kämpft, desto härter wird er behandelt. Und je härter er behandelt wird, desto mehr Hemmungen verliert er."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgdidn6a0",content:{text:"Biondi haut ab, wird wieder eingefangen, bricht in Kioske ein, wird erwischt, klaut Geld, steht kurz davor, ins Gefängnis zu kommen. Die Abwärtsspirale dreht sich – bis er schliesslich einen Ausweg findet."},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:h},{component:w,identifier:h,id:"doc-1hgqsqli10",content:{title:"Die Befreiung",id:"subtitle-die-befreiung"},contentTable:b,paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgdi1t7g1",content:{text:"Es ist schliesslich ein unscheinbarer Moment, der für Massimo Biondi zur Befreiung wird. Und eine entscheidende Rolle spielt dabei eine Holztruhe, nicht unähnlich derjenigen, die heute in seinem Geschäft steht."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:h,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgdlbr0r0",content:{text:"Mit 15 haut Biondi ein weiteres Mal ab und kommt in ein neues Heim: die Erziehungsanstalt für Schwererziehbare im luzernischen Bad Knutwil. Dort hat Biondi Glück – er gerät an einen guten Schreinermeister. Mit ihm macht er ab: Schafft er die Lehre, darf er raus."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgdlsp390",content:{text:"«Und dann hat irgendeine Händlerin aus Zürich diese alte Holztruhe vorbeigebracht, zum Flicken. Der Meister hat gesagt: Biondi, du machst das. Und ich natürlich erst so: ‹Immer ich, sicher nicht!› Aber dann habe ich sie mir angeschaut, ganz genau», sagt Biondi. «Ah, da fehlt etwas . . . Da war mal ein Sockel . . . Wie kann ich das nachbauen? Da, in diesem Moment habe ich gemerkt: Das ist mein Leben, mein Beruf.»"},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgdmd2r00",content:{text:"Ohne Probleme schliesst Biondi seine Lehre ab, mit Bestnoten kommt er durch die Prüfung. Und dann, mit 19 Jahren, läuft er aus dem Heim, nimmt den Zug nach Zürich und tut für den Rest seines Lebens das, was er sich vorgenommen hat: Er macht wieder ganz, was andere verloren gegeben haben."},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:h},{component:w,identifier:h,id:"doc-1hgqtn0750",content:{title:"Druck von aussen",id:"subtitle-druck-von-aussen"},contentTable:b,paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgqtmum70",content:{text:"1964, als Biondi das Anstaltsleben hinter sich lässt, ist das Ende der administrativen Versorgung noch fern. Dieses kommt erst mehr als zehn Jahre später, nach jahrzehntelanger Kritik durch die Betroffenen."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:h,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgqtpq490",content:{text:"Doch am Ende ist es nicht die Kritik, die den Ausschlag gibt. Es ist die Ratifizierung der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention 1974. Da stellt sich heraus, dass die Schweiz mit ihren fürsorgerischen Zwangsmassnahmen dagegen verstösst."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgqtteaj0",content:{text:"Das bringt die träge Politik zum Handeln. 1981 wird erstmals in einem Bundesgesetz geregelt, wann und wie Menschen, die kein Verbrechen begangen haben, die Freiheit genommen werden darf. Und wann eben nicht. Eine offizielle Entschuldigung durch den Bundesrat folgt 2013, jene durch die Stadt Zürich im September 2023. Auch eine historische Aufarbeitung der städtischen Versorgungspolitik ist angekündigt."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgqtsr750",content:{text:"Für Zehntausende von Heimkindern kommt das zu spät. Ihr Leben ist durch das Trauma und das Stigma der «Versorgung» gezeichnet. Viele finden nie mehr auf die Beine."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgqu52om0",content:{text:"Bei Massimo Biondi jedoch ist das anders."},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:r},{component:bn,identifier:r,id:"doc-1hhemhm7r0",content:{caption:"Ohne seine Frau, die mit ihm sein Geschäft führt, wäre er verloren gewesen, sagt Massimo Biondi. Fehlerfreies Schreiben zum Beispiel wurde ihm in seiner Heimkarriere nie richtig beigebracht."},styles:{"imagegrid-width":bo},containers:{imageRows:[{component:bp,identifier:bq,id:"doc-1hhemhm7r1",containers:{imageRow:[{component:E,identifier:F,id:dQ,content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F12\u002F12\u002F83db28b2-a30a-420b-a9ce-a5d4e57659cf.jpeg",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F12\u002F12\u002F83db28b2-a30a-420b-a9ce-a5d4e57659cf.jpeg?width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp",mediaId:"3QL5KH24altW",width:3478,height:5218,mimeType:l,altText:u,origins:[{name:g,identifier:"2149473561"}],imageService:p,key:"2023\u002F12\u002F12\u002F83db28b2-a30a-420b-a9ce-a5d4e57659cf.jpeg"}}},{component:E,identifier:F,id:dR,content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F2d605c72-bb49-4260-90df-4915037b4d9c.jpeg",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F2d605c72-bb49-4260-90df-4915037b4d9c.jpeg?width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp",mediaId:"AVauPGz8fO5a",width:am,height:br,mimeType:l,altText:u,origins:[{name:g,identifier:"2149473648"}],imageService:p,key:"2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F2d605c72-bb49-4260-90df-4915037b4d9c.jpeg"}}}]}}]},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:h},{component:w,identifier:h,id:"doc-1hgqu5ifa0",content:{title:"«Ein wunderschönes Leben»",id:"subtitle-ein-wundersch-nes-leben"},contentTable:b,paidContent:d,prevElement:r,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgdmijn10",content:{text:"Als freier Mann macht er rasch Karriere. Er arbeitet erst für andere Antik-Schreiner, eröffnet dann zusammen mit seiner Frau ein eigenes Geschäft, das schliesslich zur ersten Adresse für historische Möbelrenovationen in der Stadt Zürich wird. Das Landesmuseum empfiehlt ihn, die Zürcher Oberschicht vertraut ihm die Familienstücke an. Sein Geschäft am Rindermarkt gehört – zumindest, wenn man die lokale Bevölkerung fragt – zu den bekanntesten der Zürcher Altstadt."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:h,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgpsbd790",content:{text:"Noch heute, mit fast 80, denkt er nicht ans Aufhören, kommt jeden Tag ins Geschäft. In seiner Werkstatt, klein und vollgestellt, hat jedes Objekt eine Geschichte. Und egal, ob es ein unbezahlbares Holzmöbel ist oder eine Brille aus Plastik: Biondi fasst jedes Stück an, als verdiene es den allergrössten Respekt."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgqta55k0",content:{text:"Biondi sagt über sich, er habe «ein wunderschönes Leben». Wenn er von seiner Jugendzeit erzählt, sagt er oft Sätze wie «Ich will nicht jammern» oder «Andere hatten es schlimmer als ich». Manchmal treibt ihn die Frage um, warum ihn – anders als viele andere – die Vergangenheit im Heim nicht gebrochen hat. War es Willensstärke? Oder einfach Glück? Meist, sagt er, denke er jedoch nicht allzu viel über dieses Kapitel seines Lebens nach."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgptcu3j1",content:{text:"Biondi hat einen erwachsenen Sohn, der in Japan lebt. Mit seiner Frau ist er zusammen, seit er 22 ist. Er lernt sie im «Grüezi» kennen, einer alkoholfreien Bar neben dem Hauptbahnhof. «Ich wusste sofort: Das ist sie. Das ist die Frau fürs Leben», sagt er. Und so ist es dann auch."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hhbt8ag60",content:{text:"Sie kümmert sich im Geschäft um all das, was ihm nach den Jahren im Heim Mühe bereitet: Korrespondenz, Buchhaltung, Steuern, Verträge. Ohne sie, sagt er, wäre sein Erfolg nie möglich gewesen. Ihr Leben lang, sagt sie, sei sie sein Schutzschild gewesen. "},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:c},{component:e,identifier:c,id:"doc-1hgpsb3jk1",content:{text:"Jeden Mittag gehen die beiden zusammen einen Kaffee trinken, jeweils in einem schicken Lokal in der Innenstadt. Da sitzt Biondi dann, in Wollsocken und klobigen Arbeitsschuhen, Hemd und Hose mit Farbtupfern übersät. Inmitten von Anzugträgern und parfümierten Damen lässt er sich bedienen. Und es ist für ihn wie eine kleine, friedliche Rebellion."},data:{},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:al},{component:dG,identifier:al,id:dS,content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F27f48b1b-d06d-4fef-bd4d-2e6daf6c629b.jpeg",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F27f48b1b-d06d-4fef-bd4d-2e6daf6c629b.jpeg?width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp",mediaId:"hpK7PkJkKPIH",width:3576,height:5399,mimeType:l,altText:u,origins:[{name:g,identifier:dT}],imageService:p,key:"2023\u002F11\u002F27\u002F27f48b1b-d06d-4fef-bd4d-2e6daf6c629b.jpeg"},caption:dU},styles:{position:dJ},paidContent:d,prevElement:c,nextElement:cE,lastContentElement:d},{component:"sharebox",identifier:cE,id:"doc-1hg849nsq25",paidContent:d,prevElement:al,nextElement:dV},{component:"moreToSubject",identifier:dV,id:"doc-1hftrec9e3",content:{title:"Passend zum Artikel"},containers:{"moreToSubject-area":[{component:bs,identifier:bt,id:"doc-1hftrec9e5",content:{"link-box-embed":{service:bu,params:{type:bv,layout:[aH,bw,bx,by,bz,bA,s,bB,ad,aI,aJ,bC,aK,aL,aM,aN,aO],mediaId:1738267}},article:{metadata:{teaserAuthor:"Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv \u002F E4264#1988\u002F2#29683*",contentTypeGroup:ae,significantUpdate:b,teaserGallery:{images:[],style:a},language:{groupId:"sRWyB6gWJd3H",label:aP,locale:x},title:"Er kämpft für den «Führer» – die Schweiz hilft ihm bei der Flucht: Aufstieg, Fall und Rettung eines Nazi-Arztes",seoTitle:"Ein Nazi-Arzt kämpft für Adolf Hitler – die Schweiz hilft ihm bei der Flucht",nzzAuthors:[{external:b,name:bD,id:bE,shortName:cF}],nzzPrintTitle:"Er kämpft für den «Führer», die Schweiz hilft ihm bei der Flucht",designName:aQ,premium:b,seoSocialMediaTitle:"Der Nazi-Arzt und die Schweiz: Aufstieg, Fall und Rettung des Franz Johann Irsigler",significantUpdateTill:"2023-09-09T15:30:00.000Z",nzzEditor:[{external:b,name:"Marc Tribelhorn (tri)",id:1373906,shortName:"tri"}],department:{path:m,premium:b,level:o,name:j},publicationDate:dW,slug:"er-kaempfte-fuer-den-fuehrer-die-schweiz-half-ihm-bei-der-flucht-aufstieg-fall-und-rettung-eines-nazi-arztes",firstPublicationDate:dW,authorLine:dX,owner:A,nzzCharacterCount:30000,numberOfContentComponents:132,lastProofreadRevision:57495027,leadText:"Franz Johann Irsigler betreibt Hirnforschung für das «Dritte Reich». 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Als Arzt betreibt er Hirnforschung \nfür das «Dritte Reich». Nach dem Krieg taucht er unter. Die Geschichte eines Rassenfanatikers, der ein Leben lang ohne Strafe bleibt.\nVON GIORGIO SCHERRER",embeds:{images:[{author:"Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv \u002F E4264#1988\u002F2#29683*",caption:"«Wird Ausstellung des Ausweises empfohlen? – «Ja»: Ausschnitt aus Irsiglers Akte bei der Eidgenössischen Fremdenpolizei. ",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002FO=75\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F09\u002F04\u002F9ac48fbc-378b-4272-abde-917c502b6eb5.jpeg"},{author:cJ,caption:"In Irsiglers NSDAP-Parteiakte haben zahlreiche Lebensläufe überdauert. 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Danach wird ihm in der Psychiatrie die Persönlichkeit genommen. Ein Verbrechen und seine Strafe in der Nachkriegs-Schweiz. 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Bitte prüfen Sie Ihre Internetverbindung oder versuchen Sie es später erneut.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E","loginexp","ANMELDEN","bellevue","morpheus.header--hero","doc-1hg849nsn0",1835,1868,"desktop",3936,"image","doc-1hg84go140","2149473673","image--containerwidth","doc-1hg84iq6j1","doc-1hg84iq6j2","doc-1hg84l7gc2","doc-1hg84l7gc3","doc-1hg84pnvk2","doc-1hg84pnvk3","doc-1hhemhm7r2","doc-1hhemhm7r3","doc-1hg84qt4s0","2149473575","«Einfach habe ich es ihnen nicht gemacht»: Massimo Biondi in seiner Schreinerei am Zürcher Rindermarkt.","morpheus.moreToSubject","2023-09-09T03:30:00.000Z","Giorgio Scherrer",1374,"Kastriert, lobotomiert, verwahrt: ein Verbrechen und seine Strafe in der Nachkriegsschweiz.","ld.1706181",1212,"Er wird sein Leben in Heimen und Anstalten verbringen: Walter S. als Kind im Zürcher Landerziehungsheim Albisbrunn.","Philipp Giegel \u002F SVZ \u002F Nonam-Archiv","«Indianermuseum»: Die seltsame Geschichte des Nonam in Zürich","Fabian Baumgartner (fbi)",1372409,"fbi","Der grosse Traum des Gottfried Hotz und seine seltsamen Folgen.","ld.1733777",34,"Die «eigentliche indianische Kultur» war für Gottfried Hotz «längst untergegangen». In Zürich wollte er ihre Überreste bewahren.","Irma Frei war Zwangsarbeiterin in der Spinnerei des Waffenfabrikanten Emil Bührle. Sie sagt: «Ich gebe keine Ruhe, bis uns die Behörden entschädigen»","Karin Hofer (hfk)",1372635,"hfk","2024-03-13T04:07:00.000Z","Die Geschichte einer gestohlenen Kindheit.",619,4949,2784,1143,"ld.1819491","Irma Frei wirkt heiter, obwohl sie viel erleiden musste in ihrem Leben.",{},{},{},2775,100,{},"Massimo Biondi wird im Kinderheim geschlagen, eingesperrt und zum «Kriminellen» erklärt. 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