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<li id="toc-Formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_Torch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Torch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Operation Torch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Torch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_operations_in_North_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_operations_in_North_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Further operations in North Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_operations_in_North_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-D-Day_and_beyond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#D-Day_and_beyond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>D-Day and beyond</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-D-Day_and_beyond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ardennes_offensive_and_the_crossing_of_the_Rhine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ardennes_offensive_and_the_crossing_of_the_Rhine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Ardennes offensive and the crossing of the Rhine</span> </div> 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">No. 6 Commando</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:6_commando_adour_raid_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A man in a naval uniform addresses soldiers from a platform on a ship" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/6_commando_adour_raid_1942.jpg/250px-6_commando_adour_raid_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/6_commando_adour_raid_1942.jpg/375px-6_commando_adour_raid_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/6_commando_adour_raid_1942.jpg/500px-6_commando_adour_raid_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1748" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Lord Louis Mountbatten addresses troops from No. 6 Commando prior to the Adour estuary raid, April 1942</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1940–1946</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="406" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_Commandos" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commandos">British Commando</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data">Special Forces</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">470–535 men all ranks</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Service_Brigade" title="1st Special Service Brigade">1st Special Service Brigade</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Archery" title="Operation Archery">Operation Archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Myrmidon" title="Operation Myrmidon">Operation Myrmidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bristle" title="Operation Bristle">Operation Bristle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Operation Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blackcock" title="Operation Blackcock">Operation Blackcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Plunder" title="Operation Plunder">Operation Plunder</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Mills-Roberts" title="Derek Mills-Roberts">Derek Mills-Roberts</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Combined Operations<br />Shoulder<br />Patch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Commandos_Patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Insignia of Combined Operations units it is a combination of a red Thompson submachine gun, a pair of wings, an anchor and mortar rounds on a black backing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/British_Commandos_Patch.svg/70px-British_Commandos_Patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/British_Commandos_Patch.svg/105px-British_Commandos_Patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/British_Commandos_Patch.svg/140px-British_Commandos_Patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p><b>No. 6 Commando</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalion</a>-sized <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> <a href="/wiki/British_Commandos" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commandos">commando</a> unit of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. Although it was raised to conduct small-scale raids and harass garrisons along the coast of German-occupied France, it was mainly employed as a highly trained infantry assault unit. </p><p>Formed in July 1940, No. 6 Commando's first involvement in operations came in late 1941 when it contributed small forces to raids in <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>. In April 1942 the whole unit was scheduled to take part in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Myrmidon" title="Operation Myrmidon">Operation Myrmidon</a>, in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, but this raid was eventually cancelled. As a result, the first full-scale operation that No. 6 Commando took part in was <a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Operation Torch</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> landings in <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> in November 1942. Later, it joined the <a href="/wiki/Tunisia_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisia Campaign">advance into Tunisia</a> in 1943. On 6 June 1944, it participated in the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">D-Day landings</a> in France as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a>, coming ashore with the <a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Service_Brigade" title="1st Special Service Brigade">1st Special Service Brigade</a> which was tasked with linking up with the troops from the <a href="/wiki/6th_Airborne_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="6th Airborne Division (United Kingdom)">6th Airborne Division</a> on the eastern flank of <a href="/wiki/Sword_Beach" title="Sword Beach">Sword</a>. </p><p>Following this, No. 6 Commando were used in the defence of the beachhead and the subsequent operations to break out from Normandy before being withdrawn with the rest of the brigade back to the United Kingdom in September 1944. In January 1945, they took part in the Allied counterattack during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes Offensive</a> before joining the advance into Germany as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Plunder" title="Operation Plunder">Operation Plunder</a>. With the end of hostilities, the unit was disbanded in 1946. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._6_Commando&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation">Formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._6_Commando&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early June 1940 following the lightning advance of the Germans through France and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a>, the British prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, realised the need for Britain to maintain some form of offensive action and directed his chief staff officer and military adviser, General <a href="/wiki/Hastings_Ismay,_1st_Baron_Ismay" title="Hastings Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay">Hastings Ismay</a>, to begin organising a force which could conduct raids along the coast of German-occupied Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after this, even before the concept had been fully developed, the <a href="/wiki/War_Office" title="War Office">War Office</a> put out a request for volunteers among the troops in Britain to join a force they would be known as the <a href="/wiki/British_Commandos" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commandos">Commandos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this stage it was decided to create 12 commando units, each with an establishment of roughly 500 men.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No. 6 Commando was one of the units formed at this time. Raised at <a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_North_Yorkshire" title="Scarborough, North Yorkshire">Scarborough</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 26 July 1940, it was placed under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Timothy Fetherstonhaugh, who was a <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Army_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial Army (United Kingdom)">Territorial officer</a> holding the substantive rank of <a href="/wiki/Captain_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)">captain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Royal_Regiment_(West_Surrey)" title="Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)">Queen’s Royal Regiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-website1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, the unit's personnel were mainly drawn from the British Army's <a href="/wiki/Western_Command_(United_Kingdom)" title="Western Command (United Kingdom)">Western Command</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although later personnel were drawn from all commands and branches of the army. Garrison duties were undertaken at <a href="/wiki/Romney_Marsh" title="Romney Marsh">Romney Marsh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brightlingsea" title="Brightlingsea">Brightlingsea</a>, before the unit moved to <a href="/wiki/Milford_Haven" title="Milford Haven">Milford Haven</a> where they undertook amphibious training.<sup id="cite_ref-website1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around this time, the commando adopted the Scottish <a href="/wiki/Tam_o%27shanter_(hat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tam o'shanter (hat)">tam o'shanter</a> as their official headdress.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H_014599_101_Troop_Special_Service_Brigade_Oct_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two men in uniforms advance behind a wall carrying weapons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/H_014599_101_Troop_Special_Service_Brigade_Oct_1941.jpg/220px-H_014599_101_Troop_Special_Service_Brigade_Oct_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/H_014599_101_Troop_Special_Service_Brigade_Oct_1941.jpg/330px-H_014599_101_Troop_Special_Service_Brigade_Oct_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/H_014599_101_Troop_Special_Service_Brigade_Oct_1941.jpg/440px-H_014599_101_Troop_Special_Service_Brigade_Oct_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>Men from 101 Troop, No. 6 Commando train around Inveraray, Scotland, October 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>In October, when the commandos were reorganised into "Special Service" battalions underneath the overarching <a href="/wiki/Special_Service_Brigade" title="Special Service Brigade">Special Service Brigade</a>, No. 6 Commando was amalgamated with <a href="/wiki/No._5_Commando" title="No. 5 Commando">No. 5 Commando</a> and became a <a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">company</a>-sized element in the 5th Special Service Battalion under Fetherstonhaugh's command and based at <a href="/wiki/Helensburgh" title="Helensburgh">Helensburgh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-website2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1941, following a reversal in War Office thinking, the battalion was broken up again into its constituent parts and No. 6 Commando was reorganised as a battalion equivalent unit, albeit with six <a href="/wiki/Troops" class="mw-redirect" title="Troops">troops</a> instead of the original 10.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_operations">Early operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._6_Commando&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the failures of the hastily planned commando operations undertaken in June and July 1940,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there was a period of inactivity in which the concept was refined and detailed planning was undertaken while individual units carried out extensive and specialised training.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 1941 a number of raids were undertaken but No. 6 Commando did not conduct its first operation until later in the year.<sup id="cite_ref-website1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 December 1941, No. 6 Commando, along with a detachment from <a href="/wiki/No._12_Commando" title="No. 12 Commando">No. 12 Commando</a> and some Norwegian soldiers, took part in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Kitbag" title="Operation Kitbag">Operation Kitbag</a>, a raid on the town of <a href="/wiki/Flor%C3%B8" title="Florø">Florø</a> in <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chappell14_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chappell14-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Embarking on <a href="/wiki/HMS_Prince_Charles_(1941)" title="HMS Prince Charles (1941)">HMS <i>Prince Charles</i></a>, an <a href="/wiki/Infantry_landing_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Infantry landing ship">infantry landing ship</a>, they set out from <a href="/wiki/Scapa_Flow" title="Scapa Flow">Scapa Flow</a>. During the voyage an incident occurred while some of the men were priming <a href="/wiki/Grenade" title="Grenade">grenades</a> for the raid which resulted in six men being killed and another 11 seriously wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders42_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders42-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the decision was made to continue with the raid, although it was eventually called off when the naval commander was unable to locate the fjord upon which Florø was located due to navigational difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-Chappell14_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chappell14-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Saunders42_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders42-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in the month, on 27 December, No. 6 Commando provided a small detachment of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">engineers</a> to support <a href="/wiki/No._3_Commando" title="No. 3 Commando">No. 3 Commando</a>'s raid on <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5gs%C3%B8y" title="Vågsøy">Vågsøy</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5l%C3%B8y" title="Måløy">Måløy</a> in Norway as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Archery" title="Operation Archery">Operation Archery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The raid proved a resounding success; however, No. 6 Commando did not participate in another until April 1942 when it took part in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Myrmidon" title="Operation Myrmidon">Operation Myrmidon</a>. This operation was an abortive raid on the <a href="/wiki/Adour" title="Adour">Adour Estuary</a> in southern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chappell23_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chappell23-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan was to disrupt road and rail transport between France and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> by landing approximately 3,000 troops, consisting of <a href="/wiki/No._1_Commando" title="No. 1 Commando">No. 1</a> and No. 6 Commandos. They would be followed up by one and a half Royal Marine battalions along with an armoured regiment and a motor battalion.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After embarking on the transport ships <a href="/wiki/HMS_Queen_Emma" title="HMS Queen Emma">HMS <i>Queen Emma</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Princess_Beatrix" title="HMS Princess Beatrix">HMS <i>Princess Beatrix</i></a>, the force spent a month sailing off the French coast disguised as Spanish merchant ships. On 5 April, the ships approached the mouth of the estuary in order to carry out the landing. Amidst bad weather they encountered a sandbar that they had not expected and, unable to pass it, the raid was called off and the ships returned to the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-Chappell23_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chappell23-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operation_Torch">Operation Torch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._6_Commando&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operation Torch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of these disappointments, No. 6 Commando's first major action as a formed unit came in November 1942 when, along with No. 1 Commando, it formed part of the spearhead for the Allied landings in <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Operation Torch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chappell29_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chappell29-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Iain McAlpine, the commando embarked upon <a href="/wiki/HMT_Awatea" title="HMT Awatea">HMT <i>Awatea</i></a> in October 1942 in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> along with some <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Rangers" title="United States Army Rangers">United States Army Rangers</a> that were also taking part in the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders111_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders111-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tensions were high between the British and the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy French</a> at this time because of a number of clashes and as a result the decision was made for the commandos to be equipped with American weapons and uniforms in an effort to placate the defenders.<sup id="cite_ref-Chappell59_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chappell59-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Torch_landings_Algiers_8_November_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A map with military symbols depicting unit landings on a coast line" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Operation_Torch_landings_Algiers_8_November_1942.jpg/300px-Operation_Torch_landings_Algiers_8_November_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Operation_Torch_landings_Algiers_8_November_1942.jpg/450px-Operation_Torch_landings_Algiers_8_November_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Operation_Torch_landings_Algiers_8_November_1942.jpg/600px-Operation_Torch_landings_Algiers_8_November_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1335" /></a><figcaption>A map depicting the Allied landings that took place around Algiers on 8 November 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>The voyage from the United Kingdom took approximately three weeks<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders111_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders111-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 7 November 1942 <i>Awatea</i> arrived at its assigned station off the coast near the harbour of <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>. At 10:15 pm No. 6 Commando took to their landing craft.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders112_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders112-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The launch did not go smoothly. From the outset they were hampered by the inexperience of the crews lowering the landing craft into the water and this, along with other factors that arose later including poor weather, breakdowns and navigational errors meant that the majority of No. 6 Commando's landing craft missed the rendezvous with the motor launch that was to guide them to the landing beaches. As a result, many landed at the wrong spot and the schedule was ruined.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders112_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders112-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the end the first landings took place at 3:00 am on 8 November, two hours later than planned, while the last wave came ashore in broad daylight at 6:30 am.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders112_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders112-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, in most places resistance was light and the first landings experienced only desultory artillery and machine gun fire from the defenders as they came ashore. Faulty navigation meant that No. 9 Troop attempted to land on the Ilot de la Marine, which was described by author <a href="/wiki/Hilary_Saint_George_Saunders" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilary Saint George Saunders">Hilary Saint George Saunders</a> as "the most heavily fortified part of Algiers harbour", and it was here that the majority of the commando's casualties for the day—two killed and 19 wounded—were suffered.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders112_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders112-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once ashore the commando's first task was to secure four beaches between <a href="/wiki/Cape_Caxine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Caxine">Cape Caxine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ras_Acrata" title="Ras Acrata">Ras Acrata</a> for the main force. This was achieved with relative ease as the defenders surrendered almost immediately.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders113_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders113-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this part of the commando secured <a href="/wiki/Pointe_Pescarde" title="Pointe Pescarde">Pointe Pescarde</a>, about 3 miles (4.8 km) from the town while another force, consisting of about three and a half troops under the second-in-command, Major Jock MacLeod of the <a href="/wiki/Cameronians_(Scottish_Rifles)" title="Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)">Cameronians</a>, moved on towards their main objective, which was to capture Fort Duperre, from where French artillery was firing upon the ships anchored offshore.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders113_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders113-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MacLeod's men reached the fort with no trouble, but armed with only small arms, they were unable to capture it.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders113_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders113-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 1:30 pm, after the <a href="/wiki/Forward_observer" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward observer">forward observer</a>, a captain from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Canadian Artillery">Royal Canadian Artillery</a> directed an air strike on the fort from a number of <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a> fighter-bombers, a dialogue was opened between the attackers and the defenders and after threats of a naval bombardment were made the fort’s garrison finally surrendered.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders113_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders113-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_operations_in_North_Africa">Further operations in North Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._6_Commando&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further operations in North Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After capturing Fort Duperre, the commandos received reports that a force of some 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Zouaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Zouaves">Zouaves</a> were moving up to recapture the position.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders114_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders114-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French attack did not eventuate, however, and in the end the commandos marched all the way to <a href="/wiki/Maison_Blanche_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Maison Blanche Airport">Maison Blanche</a>. Having only been issued with rations for a day, they had to rely on fruit and bread that they obtained by bartering with the locals on the way. Eventually they arrived at the port, where they embarked upon the destroyers <a href="/wiki/HMS_Wheatland" title="HMS Wheatland">HMS <i>Wheatland</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Lammerton" class="mw-redirect" title="HMS Lammerton"><i>Lammerton</i></a> and in company with a force of US Rangers they set out to capture the airfields at Allerlick and Duzzerville, near <a href="/wiki/Bone,_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone, Algeria">Bone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders114_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders114-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon arrival No. 6 Commando took up defensive positions in the orange groves alongside troops from the <a href="/wiki/3_PARA" class="mw-redirect" title="3 PARA">3rd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Own_Royal_West_Kent_Regiment" title="Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment">Royal West Kents</a> and a number of Frenchmen that decided to join their cause.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders115_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders115-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A brief period of lull followed where the commandos were mainly involved in defending the airfield against air attacks from the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a>, before they moved off again to take part in the fighting around <a href="/wiki/Medjez_el-Bab" class="mw-redirect" title="Medjez el-Bab">Medjez-el-Bab</a>, where they fought on the left flank of the first French regular forces to engage the Germans since the fall of France in 1940, forming the spearhead of the advance towards <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders116_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders116-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Air_Force_Operations_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa,_1939-1943._CNA46.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Propeller-driven aircraft dispersed along an unsealed airstrip" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Royal_Air_Force_Operations_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa%2C_1939-1943._CNA46.jpg/220px-Royal_Air_Force_Operations_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa%2C_1939-1943._CNA46.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Royal_Air_Force_Operations_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa%2C_1939-1943._CNA46.jpg/330px-Royal_Air_Force_Operations_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa%2C_1939-1943._CNA46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Royal_Air_Force_Operations_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa%2C_1939-1943._CNA46.jpg/440px-Royal_Air_Force_Operations_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa%2C_1939-1943._CNA46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Supermarine Spitfire Mark Vs, reinforcement aircraft for North African units, lined up at Bone airfield, Algeria.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 21 November, reinforcements had reached them and the decision was made to move the commandos to <a href="/wiki/El_Kala" title="El Kala">La Calle</a> by rail. With only intermittent air cover, the train was attacked by German fighters and No. 6 Commando suffered heavy casualties with 11 killed and 32 wounded. After the train driver jumped from the engine, one of the commandos took over the duties of driving the train.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders116_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders116-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unit remained in La Calle until 26 November, during which time the commandos were used to unload stores from the ships in the port, while half the unit carried out a reconnaissance patrol near <a href="/wiki/Tabarka" title="Tabarka">Tabarka</a>, to determine whether the German tanks that were parked there were real or decoys.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following this the commandos were used mainly as highly trained infantry units for the rest of their involvement in the North African campaign and for the majority of this time they were attached to the <a href="/wiki/36th_Infantry_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="36th Infantry Brigade">36th Infantry Brigade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders117_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders117-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the course of the next five months the commandos were involved in a number of costly attacks and periods of static defence, in between which they carried out aggressive fighting patrols.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indicative of the nature of the fighting during this time was No. 6 Commando's attack on the Green Hill feature on 30 November 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders117_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders117-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main attack was launched at 4:00 am, as three troops—Nos. 3, 4 and 6 Troops—attacked from the north and west, while No. 5 Troop conducted a diversionary attack from the flank.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders118_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders118-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As soon as the main force left its <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Departure" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of Departure">line of departure</a> it came under intense oblique fire from interlocking medium and heavy machine guns positioned in a diamond-shaped perimeter on top of the hill.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders118_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders118-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fire was so intense that the troop providing support by fire on the flank was unable to suppress it and the attack was temporarily postponed until the afternoon when it was hoped that artillery support could be utilised.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders118_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders118-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 4:00 pm, following a period of artillery preparation, the commandos launched their attack. Amidst thick mist and heavy rain, the attack went badly from the start. Shortly after stepping off, No. 5 Troop was ambushed by a German force disguised as locals, reducing its strength to just five men. The main assault force pressed on, although by now it consisted of only 67 men due to earlier losses. Part of the assault force—No. 6 Troop—took heavy fire and lost forward momentum; however, the other two troops gained the top of the hill and broke in to the German position. Upon reaching the summit they were greeted by an intense volume of heavy machine gun fire and at this point it became clear that the preparatory bombardment had not been successful.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders118_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders118-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Calls for further artillery support were denied due to a shortage of ammunition amongst the field batteries and eventually after a number of unsuccessful attempts at taking the position the commandos were forced to retire.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders118_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders118-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The commando's losses on Green Hill amounted to 80 men killed or wounded and as a result No. 6 Commando had to be reorganised into four troops instead of the six that its establishment called for.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders118_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders118-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after this the unit suffered another blow when its commanding officer, Iain McAlpine, suffered heart trouble and had to be evacuated to hospital. In his place Major Jock MacLeod temporarily took over command.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early January 1943, Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Derek_Mills-Roberts" title="Derek Mills-Roberts">Derek Mills-Roberts</a> arrived from the United Kingdom to take over the unit,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he was in command when on 26 February 1943 they were involved in bitter fighting against two battalions of German parachute infantry with armoured support which attacked their position as part of an attempt to encircle the 1st Army by cutting the Medjez road.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders125_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders125-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a fight that lasted over five hours, against an enemy that outnumbered them and had the advantage of heavy armoured support, the commandos, along with elements from the Reconnaissance Regiment, were able to stop the advance long enough for reinforcements to be brought up. In this action, No. 6 Commando incurred 11 killed, 34 wounded and 55 missing in action. This represented over 40 per cent of the unit's strength at the time, although later a number of those that were captured were recovered after the Germans withdrew.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After this, No. 6 Commando was put into the role of mobile reserve in an effort to maintain the unit's integrity and spare it from incurring further losses that might render it unable to remain in the line. Nevertheless, throughout March and into April they continued to carry out patrol operations around <a href="/wiki/Goubellat" title="Goubellat">Goubellat</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ben_Arada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ben Arada (page does not exist)">Ben Arada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders126_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders126-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, in early April the decision was made to withdraw the commandos from the fighting in North Africa. Lacking the administrative support and reinforcements of regular infantry units, the unit's strength had fallen to just 150 men and as a result it was no longer considered effective.<sup id="cite_ref-Chappell29_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chappell29-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 April, No. 6 Commando arrived in Algiers, where it remained for two weeks before embarking on HMT <i>Staffordshire</i> on 24 April. After a short voyage, it arrived back in the United Kingdom on 2 May 1943 to begin preparations for the invasion of German-occupied France.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="D-Day_and_beyond">D-Day and beyond</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._6_Commando&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: D-Day and beyond"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After returning from North Africa, No. 6 Commando became part of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Service_Brigade" title="1st Special Service Brigade">1st Special Service Brigade</a>, commanded by Brigadier <a href="/wiki/Simon_Fraser,_15th_Lord_Lovat" title="Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat">The Lord Lovat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The grouping of the commandos into brigades underneath the <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisional</a>-sized Special Service Group headquarters was part of the general reorganisation that took place in late 1943 as the evolution of their role from raiding to assault infantry was formalised. This saw a change in the individual unit establishments, with the addition of organic transport assets, as well as an increase in the allocation of indirect and direct fire support weapons at commando level.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further support units were added at brigade level, including administration, transport, logistics and signals.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On D-Day, the 1st Special Service Brigade was tasked with landing behind the <a href="/wiki/8th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="8th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">8th Infantry Brigade</a>, capturing the port of <a href="/wiki/Ouistreham" title="Ouistreham">Ouistreham</a> and linking up with the <a href="/wiki/6th_Airborne_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Airborne Division">6th Airborne Division</a> on the eastern flank of <a href="/wiki/Sword_Beach" title="Sword Beach">Sword</a>, where they were holding the high ground near La Plein and the <a href="/wiki/Pegasus_Bridge" title="Pegasus Bridge">bridges over the River Orne and Caen Canal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No. 6 Commando, with Lovat's brigade headquarters, came ashore on Queen Red beach of the Sword landing area, near La Breche, at 8:40 am on 6 June 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pegasus_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pegasus-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No. 6 Commando led the brigade from the beach. Moving through a swamp that briefly slowed their progress, the commandos began to come up against the German defences that had not been destroyed by the naval bombardment.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders240_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders240-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Where possible they attempted an indirect approach, penetrating the defences using infiltration tactics. However, as they advanced towards bridges that had been captured by the paratroopers earlier in the day, they assaulted four pillboxes as well as an artillery battery that had been firing on the landing beaches.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders241_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders241-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1stspecairforcenormandy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black-and-white photograph of a jeep with soldiers sitting on top and standing beside it. The soldiers sitting on the jeep are three German soldiers and one British soldier who is interrogating the Germans. On the bonnet of the jeep is small motorcycle, while in the background is a Horsa glider" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/1stspecairforcenormandy.jpg/220px-1stspecairforcenormandy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/1stspecairforcenormandy.jpg/330px-1stspecairforcenormandy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/1stspecairforcenormandy.jpg/440px-1stspecairforcenormandy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Commandos from the 1st Special Service Brigade with captured German soldiers near Ranville on 7 June 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>In the end it took the commando three-and-a-half hours to advance the 6.5 miles (10.5 km) to the bridges, with the lead elements, mounted on bicycles, linking up with gliderborne troops from D Company, 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_and_Buckinghamshire_Light_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry">Oxford and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry</a> under Major <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_(British_Army_officer)" title="John Howard (British Army officer)">John Howard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders241_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders241-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After effecting the link up, the commandos joined with paratroops from the <a href="/wiki/Parachute_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)" title="Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)">9th Battalion, The Parachute Regiment</a> in an attack on the village of La Plein, before digging in to begin defending against possible counterattack.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders241_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders241-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the day, No. 6 Commando had suffered three killed and 32 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-pegasus_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pegasus-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the week that followed the brigade undertook defensive duties as the Germans attempted to apply pressure on the beachhead by infiltrating the defensive positions on the eastern flank.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 June, the airborne troops launched an <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Br%C3%A9ville" title="Battle of Bréville">attack on the village of Breville</a> from where German artillery had been shelling them during the preceding week. Although successful, British casualties were high. Having been subjected to an intense artillery barrage, No. 6 Commando suffered 16 casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-pegasus_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pegasus-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The barrage also wounded the brigade commander, Lord Lovat, to the extent that No. 6 Commando's commanding officer, Mills-Roberts, although wounded himself, was asked to take over from him. Major Anthony Lewis,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formerly of the <a href="/wiki/Dorset_Regiment" title="Dorset Regiment">Dorset Regiment</a>, stepped up to take over as commanding officer temporarily, before being confirmed in the role on 24 June and receiving a promotion to acting-lieutenant colonel.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remained in command until 8 August 1944, when Lieutenant Colonel Charles Courtney-Coade of the <a href="/wiki/South_Staffordshire_Regiment" title="South Staffordshire Regiment">South Staffordshire Regiment</a> took over, and Lewis reverted to the role of second-in-command.<sup id="cite_ref-pegasus_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pegasus-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although they had initially been told that they would be withdrawn from the front within 48 hours, the strategic situation called that they remained at the front holding the ground on the eastern flank.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders250_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders250-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late July a breakout from the beachhead was attempted and the 1st Special Service Brigade moved through the Le Bois de Bavent, a large wooded area, as the Germans began to withdraw.<sup id="cite_ref-Durnford202_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durnford202-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, little progress was made, and, after a brief move which saw No. 6 Commando advance to Bavent,<sup id="cite_ref-Durnford202_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durnford202-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they went on the defensive again.<sup id="cite_ref-pegasus_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pegasus-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 August, a general advance began and the following morning No. 6 Commando took part in an attack to seize an area of high ground to the east of the <a href="/wiki/Dives_(river)" title="Dives (river)">Dives</a>, north of Dozule.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders251_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders251-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The attack took place under the cover of darkness and the lead elements were able to infiltrate deep into the German positions before they were detected.<sup id="cite_ref-Durnford203_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durnford203-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By daybreak the position had been captured and over the course of the day four determined counter-attacks were repelled.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders251_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders251-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one attack, a troop from No. 6 Commando rushed their attackers, killing the senior German officer and capturing 25 prisoners as the attack was broken up.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders251_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders251-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the next five days, the brigade advanced a further 40 miles (64 km) before a halt was finally called on 26 August 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-Durnford203_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durnford203-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 September, No. 6 Commando, along with the rest of the 1st Special Service Brigade, were withdrawn from the line and returned to the United Kingdom to prepare to be redeployed to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> for operations against the <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> in <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had been in action continuously for 83 days.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders289_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders289-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ardennes_offensive_and_the_crossing_of_the_Rhine">Ardennes offensive and the crossing of the Rhine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._6_Commando&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ardennes offensive and the crossing of the Rhine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_commandos_in_the_shattered_outskirts_of_Wesel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black-and-white photograph of a battle scene in which two Vickers machine guns are firing from behind cover of a pile of rubble. Each machine gun is crewed by two men, a firer and an observer with a pair of binoculars. Another soldier is looking on from behind the crews" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/British_commandos_in_the_shattered_outskirts_of_Wesel.jpg/220px-British_commandos_in_the_shattered_outskirts_of_Wesel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/British_commandos_in_the_shattered_outskirts_of_Wesel.jpg/330px-British_commandos_in_the_shattered_outskirts_of_Wesel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/British_commandos_in_the_shattered_outskirts_of_Wesel.jpg/440px-British_commandos_in_the_shattered_outskirts_of_Wesel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>Men from the 1st Commando Brigade fight on the outskirts of Wesel 1945.</figcaption></figure> <p>It had been planned to send the brigade—which had been renamed the 1st Commando Brigade in late 1944—to India, however, the effect of the German <a href="/wiki/Ardennes_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardennes Offensive">Ardennes Offensive</a> prevented this<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in January 1945, still under the command of Brigadier Derek Mills-Roberts, they crossed the English Channel by sea and landed in the Netherlands from where they were deployed to Asten on the <a href="/wiki/Meuse_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Meuse River">Maas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders289_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders289-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time they arrived the German advance had been largely halted and it was not until 23 January that the brigade was engaged in any large-scale operations. Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Lewis, that night No. 6 Commando joined <a href="/wiki/Operation_Blackcock" title="Operation Blackcock">Operation Blackcock</a>. Lewis had taken over from Courtenay-Coade<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the latter had experienced complications from the head injury he had suffered in France earlier. As part of Blackcock, the unit advanced over the ice-covered <a href="/wiki/Juliana_Canal" title="Juliana Canal">Juliana Canal</a> and took up positions at <a href="/wiki/Maasbracht" title="Maasbracht">Maasbracht</a>, in support of <a href="/wiki/45_Commando" title="45 Commando">No. 45 (Royal Marine) Commando</a>'s advance on St. Joostburg.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders290_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders290-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following day, after the Royal Marines had met stiff resistance, No. 6 Commando attempted to advance from its position in an effort to relieve the pressure on them. This attack was well supported by artillery and a squadron of armour from the <a href="/wiki/8th_Hussars" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Hussars">8th Hussars</a>, nevertheless, the commandos were stopped near an orchard close to the crossroads by a hastily formed, but well-led, force consisting of Luftwaffe aircrew and <a href="/wiki/Fallschirmj%C3%A4ger" title="Fallschirmjäger">Fallschirmjäger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders290_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders290-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the rest of the brigade advanced towards the town of <a href="/wiki/Linne" title="Linne">Linne</a>, attempts to cross the Montforterbeek Canal were frustrated by the defenders who managed to destroy all the bridges that crossed it. The ice over the canal was not thick enough to support the crossing of armour, so temporary bridges were brought up and erected by members of the Royal Engineers.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders291_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders291-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, after a number of attempts at forcing a crossing, an assault force from No. 3 Commando managed to enter Linne.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders291_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders291-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After this the commandos came up against part of the <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Line" title="Siegfried Line">Siegfried Line</a> defences around <a href="/wiki/Roermond" title="Roermond">Roermond</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders292_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders292-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A short halt followed and during this time No. 6 Commando sent out a number of patrols mounted on the tanks of the 8th Hussars.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders293_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders293-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February, the snow thawed and the ground turned to mud which rendered the tanks useless and as a result the commandos carried out their patrols on foot.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders293_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders293-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early March, No. 6 Commando moved with the rest of the 1st Commando Brigade to <a href="/wiki/Venray" title="Venray">Venray</a> where they carried out rehearsals for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Plunder" title="Operation Plunder">Operation Plunder</a>, the crossing of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders292_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders292-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the course of two weeks training was undertaken at a creek near Wansum and on 23 March 1945 the assault took place, with the objective being the capture of the town of <a href="/wiki/Wesel" title="Wesel">Wesel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No. 6 Commando went across in the second wave on board storm-boats crewed by engineers. They came under fire almost immediately and as a result of this, and several mechanical failures, a number of boats were sunk before they reached the landing site at Grav Islet, where the lead unit, <a href="/wiki/46_Commando" class="mw-redirect" title="46 Commando">No. 46 (Royal Marine) Commando</a> had established a bridgehead.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders296_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders296-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately the majority of the commandos made it to the form up point and No. 6 Commando passed through the marines' positions to lead the advance into the town from the north-east, marking the route as they went with white tape.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders296_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders296-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the course of the next two days the commandos took control of the town and repelled a number of German counterattacks, before Wesel finally fell late on 25 March.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crossing_the_Rhine_in_a_Buffalo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black and white image of soldiers crossing a body of water in an amphibious vehicle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Crossing_the_Rhine_in_a_Buffalo.jpg/220px-Crossing_the_Rhine_in_a_Buffalo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Crossing_the_Rhine_in_a_Buffalo.jpg/330px-Crossing_the_Rhine_in_a_Buffalo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Crossing_the_Rhine_in_a_Buffalo.jpg/440px-Crossing_the_Rhine_in_a_Buffalo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A Buffalo landing vehicle, such as those used by 1st Commando Brigade, crosses the Rhine during Operation Plunder</figcaption></figure> <p>After this the brigade continued to advance, moving through Ruddenburg and Greven before carrying out an attack on Osnabruck on 4 April 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the night of 7/8 April they crossed the <a href="/wiki/Weser_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Weser River">Weser River</a> in assault boats and under the cover of darkness carried out a flanking manoeuvre on the Germans occupying the town of Leese, catching them by surprise.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders300_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders300-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their next task was the capture of the road bridge spanning the <a href="/wiki/Aller_(Germany)" title="Aller (Germany)">Aller river</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/11th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="11th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">11th Armoured Division's</a> advance on the town of Essel.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders300_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders300-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1st Commando Brigade carried out a preliminary move across the river over a railway bridge some distance away from their objective and after forcing their way across, they removed the explosives that had been placed on the bridge and dug in on the other side.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders301_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders301-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the course of about three-and-a-half hours they repelled a number of determined counterattacks, before No. 6 Commando, supported by <a href="/wiki/Vickers_machine_gun" title="Vickers machine gun">Vickers machine guns</a> fixed bayonets and charged the German marines that were defending the bridge, and inflicting heavy casualties upon them.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders301_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders301-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the bridge having been captured other elements of the brigade established a bridgehead for the advancing 11th Armoured and on 19 April they arrived in <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCneburg" title="Lüneburg">Lüneburg</a>, where they began to prepare for the crossing of the <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders302_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders302-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assault began at 2:00 am on 29 April with No. 6 Commando leading the way across in <a href="/wiki/Landing_Vehicle_Tracked" title="Landing Vehicle Tracked">Buffalo landing vehicles</a>. Under fire the entire way, they landed downstream from the objective—<a href="/wiki/Lauenburg" title="Lauenburg">Lauenburg</a>—and launched an assault against the defenders who were perched on a cliff overlooking the narrow landing beach.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders302_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders302-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After reaching the top of the cliff, they broke through the defences and established themselves to the north of the town, while the rest of the brigade came up. Throughout the remainder of the day, the town was cleared and patrols sent out; a patrol from No. 6 Commando captured the <a href="/wiki/Elbe-L%C3%BCbeck_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbe-Lübeck Canal">Elbe–Trave Canal</a> bridge, arriving just as the demolition party was preparing it for detonation.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders302_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders302-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Resistance in Lauenburg ceased on 30 April 1945 and during the beginning of May the 1st Commando Brigade advanced towards the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, which they reached at <a href="/wiki/Neustadt_in_Holstein" title="Neustadt in Holstein">Neustadt</a>. A few days later Germany surrendered and No. 6 Commando's war service came to an end.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders302_71-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders302-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disbandment">Disbandment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._6_Commando&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Disbandment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the end of hostilities, No. 6 Commando remained in Germany to undertake various occupation duties along with the rest of the 1st Commando Brigade. These duties included searching for German personnel and officials that were wanted for questioning or to be tried for war crimes, distributing food to the populace and helping to restore law and order as part of the reconstruction process.<sup id="cite_ref-Parker183_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parker183-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 1946, the unit returned to the United Kingdom and it was eventually disbanded.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time the decision was made to disband all the Army commando units and demobilise or return their personnel to their original regiments or branches of service.<sup id="cite_ref-Parker183_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parker183-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the commando role was maintained solely by the Royal Marines Commandos, although they too were subjected to cut backs, being reduced from eight wartime units to just three.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commanding_officers">Commanding officers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._6_Commando&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Commanding officers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lieutenant Colonel Timothy Fetherstonhaugh: 26 July 1940 – 1 March 1942</li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Trevor: 1 March 1942 – 24 May 1942</li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Iain MacAlpine: 24 May 1942 – 4 December 1942</li> <li>Major Jock MacLeod: 4 December 1942 – 16 January 1943</li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Derek_Mills-Roberts" title="Derek Mills-Roberts">Derek Mills-Roberts</a>: 16 January 1943 – 12 June 1944</li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Lewis: 12 June 1944 – 8 August 1944</li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Charles Courtenay-Coade: 8 August 1944 – 8 January 1945</li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Lewis: 8 January 1945 – January 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle_honours">Battle honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._6_Commando&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Battle honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Battle_honour" title="Battle honour">battle honours</a> were awarded to the British Commandos during the Second World War:<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dodecanese_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodecanese Campaign">Adriatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign">Alethangyaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Plunder" title="Operation Plunder">Aller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shingle" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Shingle">Anzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Argenta_Gap" title="Battle of the Argenta Gap">Argenta Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign">Burma 1943–45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Dieppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Dives Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisian Campaign">Djebel Choucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Scheldt" title="Battle of the Scheldt">Flushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodecanese_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodecanese Campaign">Greece 1944–45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign (World War II)">Italy 1943–45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_170" title="Battle of Hill 170">Kangaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign (World War II)">Landing at Porto San Venere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Landing in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Plunder" title="Operation Plunder">Leese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Litani" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Litani">Litani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean,_Middle_East_and_African_theatres_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean, Middle East and African theatres of World War II">Middle East 1941, 1942, 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shingle" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Shingle">Monte Ornito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign">Myebon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_Landing" class="mw-redirect" title="Normandy Landing">Normandy Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North Africa 1941–43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-West_Europe_1944-45" class="mw-redirect" title="North-West Europe 1944-45">North-West Europe 1942, 1944–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claymore" title="Operation Claymore">Norway 1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Pursuit to Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Varsity" title="Operation Varsity">Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Chariot" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Chariot">St. Nazaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisia Campaign">Sedjenane 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Sicily 1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisian Campaign">Steamroller Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria-Lebanon_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria-Lebanon Campaign">Syria 1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Termoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Termoli">Termoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Archery" title="Operation Archery">Vaagso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Roast" title="Operation Roast">Valli di Comacchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Scheldt" title="Battle of the Scheldt">Westkapelle</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._6_Commando&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laffin 1999, pp. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker 2000, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker 2000, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-website1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-website1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-website1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-website1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chappell23-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chappell23_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chappell23_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chappell 1996, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Macksey 1990, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chappell29-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chappell29_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chappell29_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chappell 1996, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders111-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders111_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders111_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chappell59-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chappell59_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chappell 1996, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders112-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders112_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders112_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders112_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders112_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders113-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders113_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders113_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders113_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders113_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders114-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders114_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders114_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders115-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saunders115_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders116-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders116_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders116_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lt.+Col+Anthony+David+Lewis%2C+DSO%2C+MBE+%28OC%29%2C+CdG&rft.pub=www.6commando.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.6commando.com%2FPages%2FCommanding%2520Officers%2FCO%2520Lewis%2520AD%2FOfficer%2520Lewis%2520AD.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo.+6+Commando" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders250-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saunders250_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Durnford202-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Durnford202_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Durnford202_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Durnford-Slater 2002, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders251-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders251_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders251_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders251_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Durnford203-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Durnford203_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Durnford203_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Durnford-Slater 2002, p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, pp. 288–289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders289-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders289_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders289_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Durnford-Slater 2002, p. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.6commando.com/Pages/Commanding%20Officers/CO%20Coade%20CC/Officer%20Coade%20CC.html">"Lt-Col. Charles "Bill" Courtenay-Coade"</a>. www.6commando.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lt-Col.+Charles+%22Bill%22+Courtenay-Coade&rft.pub=www.6commando.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.6commando.com%2FPages%2FCommanding%2520Officers%2FCO%2520Coade%2520CC%2FOfficer%2520Coade%2520CC.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo.+6+Commando" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders290-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders290_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders290_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders291-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders291_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders291_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders292-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders292_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders292_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 292.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders293-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders293_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders293_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders296-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders296_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders296_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 297.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Durnford-Slater 2002, p. 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders300-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders300_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders300_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders301-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders301_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders301_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders302-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders302_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders302_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders302_71-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders302_71-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saunders 1959, p. 302.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parker183-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Parker183_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parker183_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker 2000, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chappell 1996, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neillands 2004, p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.6commando.com/Pages/Commanding%20Officers/CO">"No. 6 Commando – Commanding Officers"</a>. www.6commando.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No.+6+Commando+%E2%80%93+Commanding+Officers&rft.pub=www.6commando.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.6commando.com%2FPages%2FCommanding%2520Officers%2FCO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo.+6+Commando" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moreman 2006, p. 94.</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChappell1996" class="citation book cs1">Chappell, Mike (1996). <i>Army Commandos 1940–1945</i>. Elite Series # 64. London: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-579-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-579-9"><bdi>1-85532-579-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Army+Commandos+1940%E2%80%931945&rft.place=London&rft.series=Elite+Series+%23+64&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-85532-579-9&rft.aulast=Chappell&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo.+6+Commando" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurnford-Slater2002" class="citation book cs1">Durnford-Slater, John (2002) [1953]. <i>Commando: Memoirs of a Fighting Commando in World War Two</i>. London: Greenhill Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85367-479-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85367-479-6"><bdi>1-85367-479-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commando%3A+Memoirs+of+a+Fighting+Commando+in+World+War+Two&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Greenhill+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-85367-479-6&rft.aulast=Durnford-Slater&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo.+6+Commando" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaffin1999" class="citation book cs1">Laffin, John (1999). <i>Raiders: Great Exploits of the Second World War</i>. Stroud: Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-1525-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-1525-0"><bdi>978-0-7509-1525-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raiders%3A+Great+Exploits+of+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Sutton&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7509-1525-0&rft.aulast=Laffin&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo.+6+Commando" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacksey1990" class="citation book cs1">Macksey, Kenneth (1990). <i>Commando: Hit and Run Combat in World War II</i>. Chelsea, Michigan: Scarborough House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8128-2973-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8128-2973-0"><bdi>978-0-8128-2973-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commando%3A+Hit+and+Run+Combat+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Chelsea%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Scarborough+House&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8128-2973-0&rft.aulast=Macksey&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo.+6+Commando" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoreman2006" class="citation book cs1">Moreman, Tim (2006). <i>British Commandos 1940–46</i>. Botley, Oxford: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-986-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-986-8"><bdi>978-1-84176-986-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Commandos+1940%E2%80%9346&rft.place=Botley%2C+Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-986-8&rft.aulast=Moreman&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo.+6+Commando" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeillands2004" class="citation book cs1">Neillands, Robin (2004) [1987]. <i>By Sea and Land: The Story of the Royal Marine Commandos</i>. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military Classics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84415-043-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-84415-043-7"><bdi>1-84415-043-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=By+Sea+and+Land%3A+The+Story+of+the+Royal+Marine+Commandos&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Military+Classics&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-84415-043-7&rft.aulast=Neillands&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo.+6+Commando" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2000" class="citation book cs1">Parker, John (2000). <i>Commandos: The Inside Story of Britain's Most Elite Fighting Force</i>. London: Headline. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7472-7008-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7472-7008-9"><bdi>978-0-7472-7008-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commandos%3A+The+Inside+Story+of+Britain%27s+Most+Elite+Fighting+Force&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Headline&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7472-7008-9&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo.+6+Commando" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaunders1959" class="citation book cs1">Saunders, Hilary St. George (1959) [1949]. <i>The Green Beret: The Commandos at War</i>. London: Four Square Books. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1260659">1260659</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Green+Beret%3A+The+Commandos+at+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Four+Square+Books&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1260659&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=Hilary+St.+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo.+6+Commando" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt 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href="/wiki/Template:British_Commando_units_of_the_Second_World_War" title="Template:British Commando units of the Second World War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Commando_units_of_the_Second_World_War" title="Template talk:British Commando units of the Second World War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Commando_units_of_the_Second_World_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Commando units of the Second World War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_Commando_units_of_the_Second_World_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/British_Commandos" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commandos">British Commando units of the Second World War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British Army:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._1_Commando" title="No. 1 Commando">No. 1 Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._2_Commando" title="No. 2 Commando">No. 2 Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._3_Commando" title="No. 3 Commando">No. 3 Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._4_Commando" title="No. 4 Commando">No. 4 Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._5_Commando" title="No. 5 Commando">No. 5 Commando</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">No. 6 Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._7_Commando" title="No. 7 Commando">No. 7 Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._8_(Guards)_Commando" title="No. 8 (Guards) Commando">No. 8 (Guards) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._9_Commando" title="No. 9 Commando">No. 9 Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._10_(Inter-Allied)_Commando" title="No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando">No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._11_(Scottish)_Commando" title="No. 11 (Scottish) Commando">No. 11 (Scottish) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._12_Commando" title="No. 12 Commando">No. 12 Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._14_(Arctic)_Commando" title="No. 14 (Arctic) Commando">No. 14 (Arctic) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._50_Commando" title="No. 50 Commando">No. 50 Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._51_Commando" title="No. 51 Commando">No. 51 Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._52_Commando" title="No. 52 Commando">No. 52 Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._62_Commando" title="No. 62 Commando">No. 62 Commando (Small Scale Raiding Force)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Commando" title="Middle East Commando">Middle East Commando</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Royal Marine:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/40_Commando" title="40 Commando">No. 40 (Royal Marine) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41_Commando" title="41 Commando">No. 41 (Royal Marine) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42_Commando" title="42 Commando">No. 42 (Royal Marine) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43_Commando_Fleet_Protection_Group_Royal_Marines" title="43 Commando Fleet Protection Group Royal Marines">No. 43 (Royal Marine) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._44_(Royal_Marine)_Commando" title="No. 44 (Royal Marine) Commando">No. 44 (Royal Marine) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45_Commando" title="45 Commando">No. 45 (Royal Marine) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._46_(Royal_Marine)_Commando" title="No. 46 (Royal Marine) Commando">No. 46 (Royal Marine) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._47_(Royal_Marine)_Commando" title="No. 47 (Royal Marine) Commando">No. 47 (Royal Marine) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._48_(Royal_Marine)_Commando" title="No. 48 (Royal Marine) Commando">No. 48 (Royal Marine) Commando</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Royal Navy:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Commandos" title="Royal Naval Commandos">Royal Naval Commandos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_commando_frogmen" title="British commando frogmen">British commando frogmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Royal Air Force:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Commandos" title="Royal Air Force Commandos">Royal Air Force Commandos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint Service:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._30_Commando" title="No. 30 Commando">No. 30 Commando</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brigades (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_special_service_brigades_of_the_Second_World_War" title="List of British special service brigades of the Second World War">List</a>):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Service_Brigade" title="Special Service Brigade">Special Service Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Service_Brigade" title="1st Special Service Brigade">1st Special Service Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Special_Service_Brigade" title="2nd Special Service Brigade">2nd Special Service Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Commando_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="3 Commando Brigade (United Kingdom)">3rd Special Service Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Special_Service_Brigade" title="4th Special Service Brigade">4th Special Service Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service_Troops" title="Special Air Service Troops">Special Air Service Troops</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ad hoc Forces:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Forfar" title="Operation Forfar">Forfarforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layforce" title="Layforce">Layforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layforce_II" title="Layforce II">Layforce II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northforce" title="Northforce">Northforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timberforce" title="Timberforce">Timberforce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Commando forces:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">Special Air Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Service" title="Special Boat Service">Special Boat Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service#Second_World_War" title="Special Air Service">Special Raiding Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popski%27s_Private_Army" title="Popski's Private Army">No. 1 Demolition Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Desert_Group" title="Long Range Desert Group">Long Range Desert Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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