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Elon Musk's lawsuit could be the least of OpenAI's problems—its planned conversion will cost a fortune | Fortune
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a fortune</h1><div class="sc-1b197338-3 eAUloF"><div data-cy="article-author-and-date" class="sc-1b197338-4 kSuJSK"><div class="sc-1b197338-5 hVFrww"><div class="sc-cc7d6b4a-0 lNYKf article-info"><span class="sc-cc7d6b4a-2 gYLbUA by-text">BY</span><span class="sc-cc7d6b4a-3 jdpmmF list-item-wrapper"><a href="https://fortune.com/author/christiaan-hetzner/" target="_self" class="sc-93594058-0 caCSpL styled-custom-link " data-cy="by-line-author" rel="author" aria-label="Go to Christiaan Hetzner author's page">Christiaan Hetzner</a></span></div></div><div class="sc-1b197338-6 bGyoBg"></div></div><div class="sc-dd958c2-0 glqbtz"><div class="sc-dd958c2-2 fIciQk article-redesign"><div role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="share-button"><svg class="share-icon" width="30" height="33" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 30 33" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M25.1306 32.8766C23.843 32.8766 22.7402 32.4177 21.8224 31.4999C20.9046 30.5821 20.4457 29.4793 20.4457 28.1917C20.4457 27.9999 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style="color:transparent;height:auto;object-fit:cover;width:100%;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 768 512'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mO8fv1mPQAIHAMIsIR6agAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="100vw" srcSet="https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1490660761-e1732292512662.jpg?w=320&q=75 320w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1490660761-e1732292512662.jpg?w=384&q=75 384w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1490660761-e1732292512662.jpg?w=480&q=75 480w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1490660761-e1732292512662.jpg?w=576&q=75 576w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1490660761-e1732292512662.jpg?w=768&q=75 768w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1490660761-e1732292512662.jpg?w=1024&q=75 1024w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1490660761-e1732292512662.jpg?w=1280&q=75 1280w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1490660761-e1732292512662.jpg?w=1440&q=75 1440w" src="https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1490660761-e1732292512662.jpg?w=1440&q=75"/><div data-cy="caption" class="sc-762dcccc-9 fbephs">CEO Sam Altman faces a bill that could potentially run in the tens of billions should he convert OpenAI into a for-profit company.</div><div data-cy="credit" class="sc-762dcccc-10 ebMnGM">Win McNamee—Getty Images</div></div></div><div class="sc-9d11c37b-6 ccKQGH trinity-player"><div class="trinity-tts-pb" dir="ltr"></div></div><div class="sc-9d11c37b-1 gGsili"><div class="sc-9d11c37b-2 diFVtX"><div id="article-content" class="sc-9d11c37b-3 kZBgtU"><div><div data-cy="article-content" class="rawHtml-content-no-nativo"><p>A good rule of thumb in life is to never get on the bad side of a litigation-happy centibillionaire with a Rolodex of law firms at his beck and call. </p><div class="paywall-selector"></div><div class="paywall"> <p>But Elon Musk’s second lawsuit against OpenAI, to whom he made charitable donations amounting in total to more than $50 million, may be the least of its immediate concerns. There is one authority that still has greater resources at its fingertips than the man tipped to be the <a href="https://fortune.com/2024/09/09/elon-musk-worlds-first-trillionaire-net-worth-tesla-stock/" target="_self" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://fortune.com/2024/09/09/elon-musk-worlds-first-trillionaire-net-worth-tesla-stock/">world’s first trillionaire</a> — the government. </p><div class="related-video-container hidden"><div class="sc-b2504c1d-0 dTxuPI"><div class="sc-c5bbce56-0 ipVLKc"></div><div class="sc-c5bbce56-0 gZwXGO video-placeholder"></div></div></div> <p>And it can make OpenAI’s life hell if it chooses to investigate and prosecute any missteps as the ChatGPT creator attempts to shed its nonprofit shell and emerge as a public benefit corporation capable of one day enriching its shareholders. </p> <p>In fact, the state is really the <a href="https://fortune.com/2024/10/13/elon-musk-openai-sam-altman-lawsuit/?utm_source=search&utm_medium=suggested_search&utm_campaign=search_link_clicks" target="_self" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://fortune.com/2024/10/13/elon-musk-openai-sam-altman-lawsuit/?utm_source=search&utm_medium=suggested_search&utm_campaign=search_link_clicks">only entity capable of pursuing legal measures</a> to ensure nonprofits don’t cheat the system. And in a matter of weeks the levers of government power will be in the hands of close Musk ally, Donald Trump.</p> <p>“If I was OpenAI and you asked me what should worry me more,” Luís Calderón Gómez, an assistant professor at Yeshiva University’s specializing in tax policy, tells <em>Fortune</em>, “it wouldn’t be Musk’s lawsuit, it would be the conversion.” </p> <p>In a statement to <em>Fortune</em>, OpenAI chair Bret Taylor pledged the nonprofit board would honor its fiduciary obligation by ensuring the company remains well-positioned to fulfill its stated mission.</p> <p>“While our work remains ongoing as we continue to consult independent financial and legal advisors,” he said, “Any potential restructuring would ensure the nonprofit continues to exist and thrive, and receives full value for its current stake in the OpenAI for-profit with an enhanced ability to pursue its mission.”</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Open-AI’s for-profit subsidiary is already valued at $157 billion</h2> <p>The stakes are unusually high for the otherwise sleepy sector of U.S. nonprofits, estimated to account for $3.3 trillion of America’s annual economic output. Despite its significance as the company behind the boom in generative artificial intelligence, an <a href="https://fortune.com/2024/11/20/openai-ceo-sam-altman-salary-76001/?utm_source=search&utm_medium=suggested_search&utm_campaign=search_link_clicks" target="_self" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://fortune.com/2024/11/20/openai-ceo-sam-altman-salary-76001/?utm_source=search&utm_medium=suggested_search&utm_campaign=search_link_clicks">IRS filing</a> this week from OpenAI reveals just how little value is actually assigned to the nonprofit.</p> <p>Thanks to the goldrush triggered by the commercial launch of ChatGPT nearly two years ago, a recent fundraising round valued OpenAI Global, LLC, the operating company, at a staggering <a href="https://fortune.com/2024/10/02/openai-officially-raises-6-6-billion-funding-deal-157-billion-valuation-sam-altman-thrive-capital/?utm_source=search&utm_medium=suggested_search&utm_campaign=search_link_clicks" target="_self" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://fortune.com/2024/10/02/openai-officially-raises-6-6-billion-funding-deal-157-billion-valuation-sam-altman-thrive-capital/?utm_source=search&utm_medium=suggested_search&utm_campaign=search_link_clicks">$157 billion</a>. Earlier this year one of Asia’s foremost experts in the field, Kai-fu Lee, even suggested it could make history as the first privately-held company worth <a href="https://fortune.com/asia/2024/03/28/openai-trillion-dollar-valuation-megacap-microsoft-google-china-genai/?queryly=related_article" target="_self" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://fortune.com/asia/2024/03/28/openai-trillion-dollar-valuation-megacap-microsoft-google-china-genai/?queryly=related_article">$1 trillion</a>.</p> <p>For all intents and purposes, it operates like a normal company, counting <a href="https://fortune.com/company/microsoft/" target="_blank" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://fortune.com/company/microsoft/">Microsoft</a> alongside Khosla Ventures and <a href="https://fortune.com/company/linkedin/" target="_blank" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://fortune.com/company/linkedin/">LinkedIn</a> co-founder Reid Hoffman as major investors. </p> <p>Yet its controlling shareholder, OpenAI, Inc., is classified a 501(c)(3) corporation under the tax code of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). It was exempted from paying into the public purse after <a href="https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/25197523/openai-application-for-tax-exempt-status.pdf" target="_blank" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/25197523/openai-application-for-tax-exempt-status.pdf" rel="noopener">pledging</a> to “advance digital intelligence in the way that is most likely to benefit humanity as a whole, unconstrained by a need to generate a financial return.” </p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">The health care sector blazed the trail for hybrid nonprofits</h2> <p>This seemingly bizarre hybrid corporate structure, adopted by OpenAI in <a href="https://openai.com/index/openai-lp/" target="_blank" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://openai.com/index/openai-lp/" rel="noopener">March 2019</a>, resulted primarily from developments in the healthcare sector. </p> <p>In order to prevent financially struggling clinics from closing, which could cut off the supply of medical services in their local community, the IRS in 1998 began allowing them to team up with for-profit competitors so long as the nonprofit retained final control. </p><div data-cy="nativoTout"></div> <div class="wp-block-image" style="margin:auto;max-width:1024px"><img alt="The corporate structure of OpenAI" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="727" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent;height:auto;object-fit:cover;width:100%;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 1024 727'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 -1' result='s'/%3E%3CfeFlood x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25'/%3E%3CfeComposite operator='out' in='s'/%3E%3CfeComposite in2='SourceGraphic'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage width='100%25' height='100%25' x='0' y='0' preserveAspectRatio='none' style='filter: url(%23b);' href='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mO8fv1mPQAIHAMIsIR6agAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='/%3E%3C/svg%3E")" sizes="100vw" srcSet="https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OPENAI-Structure-1.png?w=320&q=75 320w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OPENAI-Structure-1.png?w=384&q=75 384w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OPENAI-Structure-1.png?w=480&q=75 480w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OPENAI-Structure-1.png?w=576&q=75 576w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OPENAI-Structure-1.png?w=768&q=75 768w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OPENAI-Structure-1.png?w=1024&q=75 1024w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OPENAI-Structure-1.png?w=1280&q=75 1280w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OPENAI-Structure-1.png?w=1440&q=75 1440w" src="https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OPENAI-Structure-1.png?w=1440&q=75"/><figcaption>The corporate structure of OpenAI</figcaption><div class="image-credit">Courtesy of OpenAI</div></div> <p>The ruling remains controversial, however. In <a href="https://www.warren.senate.gov/oversight/letters/senator-warren-bipartisan-group-of-senators-urge-treasury-irs-to-investigate-potential-abuse-of-tax-exempt-status-by-nonprofit-hospitals-to-restrict-care-and-overcharge-patients" target="_blank" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://www.warren.senate.gov/oversight/letters/senator-warren-bipartisan-group-of-senators-urge-treasury-irs-to-investigate-potential-abuse-of-tax-exempt-status-by-nonprofit-hospitals-to-restrict-care-and-overcharge-patients" rel="noopener">August of last year</a> Elizabeth Warren joined up with three of her Senate colleagues in a bipartisan effort to crack down on the practice after a recent study found that <a href="https://lownhospitalsindex.org/2023-fair-share-spending/" target="_blank" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://lownhospitalsindex.org/2023-fair-share-spending/" rel="noopener">three out of four</a> nonprofit clinics spent less on charitable care than they received in tax exemptions.</p> <p>As founder and CEO of nonprofit consultancy Altruist, Donald Summers argues governance problems and lack of proper scrutiny are partly due to the broader public laboring under an antiquated and naïve notion of the charitable sector. </p> <p>“People think nonprofits are soup kitchens and homeless shelters. They can be powerful, multibillion-dollar organizations that can own for-profit subsidiaries and take on debt,” Donald Summers, founder and CEO of Altruist tells <em>Fortune</em>. “They just can’t be bought and sold for the benefit of private individuals.” </p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Like a rainforest charity that decides to chop down the Amazon</h2> <p>OpenAI CEO Sam Altman has attributed his plans to convert to a for-profit (likely <a href="https://fortune.com/2024/09/13/sam-altman-openai-non-profit-structure-change-next-year/?utm_source=search&utm_medium=suggested_search&utm_campaign=search_link_clicks" target="_self" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://fortune.com/2024/09/13/sam-altman-openai-non-profit-structure-change-next-year/?utm_source=search&utm_medium=suggested_search&utm_campaign=search_link_clicks">next year</a> according to <em>Fortune</em>sources) as an organic evolution of its legal structure over time. As donations failed to keep pace with the spiraling costs for training its neural network, management decided the only option left to fulfil its charitable mission was to begin raising private money.</p> <p>Since then, however, it has been more judicious about the research it publishes, with no publicly available information revealing the full technical capabilities of its GPT-4 model, first released in 2023. It has also entered into exclusive deals with commercial partners that experts say run contrary to the ideals it claims to espouse.</p> <p>“It’s illegal and OpenAI is a house of cards,” <a href="https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1829400635709575595" target="_blank" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1829400635709575595" rel="noopener">scathed</a> Musk, who cut all ties to the company four years ago. He has described OpenAI’s plans to relinquish its nonprofit status as a <a href="https://fortune.com/2024/08/05/elon-musk-open-ai-sam-altman-lawsuit-artificial-intelligence-tesla-x/?utm_source=search&utm_medium=suggested_search&utm_campaign=search_link_clicks" target="_self" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://fortune.com/2024/08/05/elon-musk-open-ai-sam-altman-lawsuit-artificial-intelligence-tesla-x/?utm_source=search&utm_medium=suggested_search&utm_campaign=search_link_clicks">Shakesperean betrayal</a> and likened it to donating money to a charity to save the Amazon rainforest only for it to decide <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/16/cnbc-exclusive-cnbc-transcript-elon-musk-sits-down-with-cnbcs-david-faber-live-on-cnbc-tonight-.html" target="_blank" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/16/cnbc-exclusive-cnbc-transcript-elon-musk-sits-down-with-cnbcs-david-faber-live-on-cnbc-tonight-.html" rel="noopener">cutting trees down for timber</a> was a more profitable idea. </p> <p>While the primary purpose of a nonprofit must be to provide a benefit to society as a whole, that means by extension, the pursuit of capitalistic motives doesn’t have to be in conflict with its mission. </p> <p>“They aren’t necessarily mutually exclusive,” says Darryll Jones, professor of law at Florida A&M University and co-editor of the <em>Nonprofit Law Professors Blog, </em>in an interview with <em>Fortune</em>.</p> <p>And when they are, he adds, this need not be a problem—so long as the nonprofit’s goal take precedence. “That’s probably one reason why we haven’t heard [publicly] about an attorney general or the IRS challenging OpenAI.”</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">‘I don’t think we’ll set a precedent here’ </h2> <p>The argument has been that OpenAI’s change in corporate structure could give other startups the same idea, in other words with launch as tax-exempt nonprofits, only to convert to normal ownership once their business model has been ironed out and a commercially successful product can be launched. </p> <p>Speaking in March earlier this year, Altman refuted the idea his actions would effectively incentivize companies to play fast and loose with the tax code on the public’s dime. </p> <p>“I would heavily discourage any startup that was thinking about starting as a nonprofit and adding a for-profit arm later,” he <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvqFAi7vkBc&t=1975s" target="_blank" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvqFAi7vkBc&t=1975s" rel="noopener">said</a>. “I don’t think we’ll set a precedent here. If we knew what was going to happen, we would have done that too.”</p> <p>Transitioning is tricky since it involves privatizing what was once chartered for the public good. Any mistakes can result in hefty tax liabilities should the golden rule be violated that assets have to be exchanged dollar for dollar.</p> <p>“The basic principle is that the converting entity has to pay into the charitable sector an amount equivalent to what it’s taking out,” Robert Weissman, president of a corporate accountability advocacy group Public Citizen tells this publication. “But in this case it’s not obvious what the value of nonprofit OpenAI is.”</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Err on the generous side </h2> <p>According to its <a href="https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/810861541/202323199349330997/full" target="_blank" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/810861541/202323199349330997/full" rel="noopener">990 tax return</a> for the 2023 fiscal year just filed this month, its nonprofit listed net assets worth a paltry $21 million. </p> <p>That’s the absolute minimum the for-profit would have to provide to the state in exchange, yet it remains a drop in the bucket when compared to the $157 billion valuation of the for-profit. </p> <p>Weissman argues, however, any conversion means the tax-paying public must also be compensated for the <em>loss of control</em>, once the company is owned by shareholders. </p> <p>He estimates the premium for relinquishing this ought to be worth 20% of the for-profit entity over which it has final say. In other words, they’d shell out more than $30 billion. </p> <p>These funds that OpenAI Global LLC would have to pay then remain rightfully in the hands of the public, and can be then used for the endowment of a new charitable foundation, possibly devoted to AI safety, just as an example. </p> <p>For now however, it remains a guessing game that investment bankers will ultimately have to hash out in a third-party assessment. Florida A&M’s Jones believes OpenAI and Microsoft will be careful to err on the generous side. </p> <p>Any potential attempt to short-change taxpayers could trigger an investigation and potential lawsuit by the government that binds management capacity and consumes time and resources—something the duo can ill afford in the race with <a href="https://fortune.com/2024/09/03/elon-musk-xai-nvidia-colossus/" target="_self" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://fortune.com/2024/09/03/elon-musk-xai-nvidia-colossus/">fast-moving competitors</a> like Musk’s xAI.</p> <p>“After OpenAI talked up how great their technology is, it’s going to be difficult for them to lowball the price,” Jones argues.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">A lot of high-paid lawyers knocking their heads together</h2> <p>Following years of pushing the envelop both in technology and in tax law, the conversion does solve one thorny issue and that is the risk it may already be in breach of its nonprofit obligations. Public Citizen’s Weissman has <a href="https://www.citizen.org/article/fourth-letter-to-california-attorney-general-rob-bonta-openai-is-no-longer-operating-as-a-nonprofit/" target="_blank" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://www.citizen.org/article/fourth-letter-to-california-attorney-general-rob-bonta-openai-is-no-longer-operating-as-a-nonprofit/" rel="noopener">repeatedly written</a> to the attorney general of California, home to its headquarters, to press him on this very topic.</p> <p>Delaware, legal domicile of OpenAI, appears to be taking initial steps to ensure taxpayers aren’t cheated. <em>Axios</em><a href="https://www.axios.com/2024/10/30/openai-for-profit-delaware-attorney-general" target="_blank" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://www.axios.com/2024/10/30/openai-for-profit-delaware-attorney-general" rel="noopener"> </a><a href="https://www.axios.com/2024/10/30/openai-for-profit-delaware-attorney-general" target="_blank" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://www.axios.com/2024/10/30/openai-for-profit-delaware-attorney-general" rel="noopener">reported</a> recently that state attorney general Kathleen Jennings had lodged an official request with the company for additional information with regards to its conversion plan.</p> <p>“It is important that my office have an opportunity to review the terms of any such transaction prior to its consummation,” Jennings was quoted as writing in October. “The current beneficiaries of OpenAI have an interest in ensuring that charitable assets are not transferred to private interests without due consideration.” </p> <p>The Delaware AG’s office did not respond to a request by <em>Fortune</em> for comment but its counterpart in California office has said it does not comment in principle on the existence or progress of an investigation. </p> <p>Gomez agrees with Altman’s assessment that OpenAI won’t be creating an all-new business model for startups because of just how easily it could fall afoul of the government if officials feel the public purse has been cheated. </p> <p>“There aren’t many ways to do this without incurring a big tax liability and without getting sued by the state, either Delaware, California, the Department of Justice or the IRS,” he tells <em>Fortune</em>. “So I am very confident there are a lot of lawyers getting paid a <em>lot</em> of money to work on this right now.”</p></div><div class="sc-30bdb254-0 kxagCu article" data-cy="subscriptionPlea"><b>How many degrees of separation are you from the globe's most powerful business leaders? </b>Explore who made our brand-new list of the <a href="https://fortune.com/ranking/most-powerful-people/?&itm_source=fortune&itm_medium=article_tout" target="_self" class="sc-93594058-0 fowfrQ " aria-label="Go to https://fortune.com/ranking/most-powerful-people/?&itm_source=fortune&itm_medium=article_tout">100 Most Powerful People in Business</a>. 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aria-label="Go to full article Kia and Hyundai recall over 200,000 electric vehicles at risk of losing power mid-drive">Kia and Hyundai recall over 200,000 electric vehicles at risk of losing power mid-drive</a></h2><div data-cy="postAuthors" class="sc-2f1a523b-0 biIOBr card-info-wrapper"><div class="sc-cc7d6b4a-0 lNYKf author-list"><span class="sc-cc7d6b4a-2 gYLbUA by-text">BY</span><span class="sc-cc7d6b4a-3 jdpmmF list-item-wrapper"><a href="https://fortune.com/author/associated-press/" target="_self" class="sc-93594058-0 caCSpL styled-custom-link " data-cy="by-line-author" rel="author" aria-label="Go to The Associated Press author's page">The Associated Press</a></span></div><time data-cy="postDate" class="sc-e3c4bc02-3 jhrdrf date"></time></div></div></div></li><li class="sc-6cf2855c-2 lmrGQL content-wrapper"><span class="sc-6cf2855c-5 gngcCZ time-ago-wrapper">0 minutes ago</span><div class="sc-e3c4bc02-0 dvEGRk content"><div class="sc-e3c4bc02-1 dcxLXD card"><img alt="Anthropic 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pistol that went off by itself","titleLink":"https://fortune.com/2024/11/21/gunmaker-sig-sauer-ordered-pay-11-million-philadelphia-man-wounded-pistol/?itm_source=parsely-api"},{"authors":[{"name":"Christiaan Hetzner","uri":"/author/christiaan-hetzner","__typename":"MostPopularAuthors","email":"","image":"","sameAs":"","type":"","url":"/author/christiaan-hetzner/"}],"contentType":null,"date":"2024-11-22T13:00:53","dateFormatted":"November 22, 2024","dateGMT":"2024-11-22T13:00:53","dateGMTFormatted":"November 22, 2024","dateUpdated":"2024-11-22T17:05:12","dateUpdatedFormatted":"November 22, 2024","dateUpdatedGMT":"2024-11-22T22:05:12","dateUpdatedGMTFormatted":"November 22, 2024","excerpt":"Trump promised voters tariffs are a panacea for the economy, but Walmart finance chief John David Rainey warned they will be inflationary for customers.","eyebrowSectionLabel":"Retail","eyebrowSectionLink":"/section/retail","eyebrowTagLabel":"","eyebrowTagLink":"","image":{"altText":"","caption":"","mediaItemUrl":"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-2182526059_d40562-e1732276775549.jpg"},"title":"Walmart just leveled with Americans: China won’t be paying for Trump’s tariffs, in all likelihood you will","titleLink":"https://fortune.com/2024/11/22/donald-trump-economy-trade-tariffs-china-imports-walmart/?itm_source=parsely-api"},{"authors":[{"name":"Orianna Rosa Royle","uri":"/author/orianna-royle","__typename":"MostPopularAuthors","email":"","image":"","sameAs":"","type":"","url":"/author/orianna-royle/"}],"contentType":null,"date":"2024-11-22T11:33:29","dateFormatted":"November 22, 2024","dateGMT":"2024-11-22T11:33:29","dateGMTFormatted":"November 22, 2024","dateUpdated":"2024-11-22T13:46:40","dateUpdatedFormatted":"November 22, 2024","dateUpdatedGMT":"2024-11-22T18:46:40","dateUpdatedGMTFormatted":"November 22, 2024","excerpt":"Acronyms to make the list include IRL and WFH—despite the latter dominating workplace conversations for well over four years.","eyebrowSectionLabel":"Success","eyebrowSectionLink":"/section/success","eyebrowTagLabel":"","eyebrowTagLink":"","image":{"altText":"","caption":"","mediaItemUrl":"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1091917536-e1732272210927.jpg"},"title":"Bosses: Gen Z and millennial workers have no clue what you’re talking about when you use these acronyms","titleLink":"https://fortune.com/2024/11/22/bosses-workers-no-clue-what-youre-talking-about-acronyms-kpi-crm-vpn/?itm_source=parsely-api"}],"subdomain":"own","footer":{"footerDisclaimer":"\u003cp\u003e© 2024 Fortune Media IP Limited. 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Hetzner","sameAs":"","type":"Person","uri":"/author/christiaan-hetzner/","url":"https://fortune.com/author/christiaan-hetzner/","role":"","funFactHeader":"","funFactValue":"","social":{"instaUrl":"https://www.instagram.com/the_hetzman/","linkedinUrl":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/christiaan-hetzner-99154311/","twitterUrl":"https://twitter.com/christiaanhtznr","__typename":"AuthorSocialUrlsFields"},"shortIntro":"","__typename":"Co-authors"}],"breadcrumbs":{"items":[]},"bypassPaywall":{"postBypassLinkEnabled":"1","postBypassLinkUnique":""},"canonicalUrl":null,"channel":"Tech","content":"\u003cp\u003eA good rule of thumb in life is to never get on the bad side of a litigation-happy centibillionaire with a Rolodex of law firms at his beck and call. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"paywall-selector\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"paywall\"\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut Elon Musk’s second lawsuit against OpenAI, to whom he made charitable donations amounting in total to more than $50 million, may be the least of its immediate concerns. There is one authority that still has greater resources at its fingertips than the man tipped to be the\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2024/09/09/elon-musk-worlds-first-trillionaire-net-worth-tesla-stock/\"\u003eworld’s first trillionaire\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;— the government.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnd it can make OpenAI’s life hell if it chooses to investigate and prosecute any missteps as the ChatGPT creator attempts to shed its nonprofit shell and emerge as a public benefit corporation capable of one day enriching its shareholders. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn fact, the state is really the\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2024/10/13/elon-musk-openai-sam-altman-lawsuit/?utm_source=search\u0026amp;utm_medium=suggested_search\u0026amp;utm_campaign=search_link_clicks\"\u003eonly entity capable of pursuing legal measures\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;to ensure nonprofits don’t cheat the system. And in a matter of weeks the levers of government power will be in the hands of close Musk ally, Donald Trump.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“If I was OpenAI and you asked me what should worry me more,” Luís Calderón Gómez, an assistant professor at Yeshiva University’s specializing in tax policy, tells \u003cem\u003eFortune\u003c/em\u003e, “it wouldn’t be Musk’s lawsuit, it would be the conversion.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a statement to \u003cem\u003eFortune\u003c/em\u003e, OpenAI chair Bret Taylor pledged the nonprofit board would honor its fiduciary obligation by ensuring the company remains well-positioned to fulfill its stated mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“While our work remains ongoing as we continue to consult independent financial and legal advisors,” he said, “Any potential restructuring would ensure the nonprofit continues to exist and thrive, and receives full value for its current stake in the OpenAI for-profit with an enhanced ability to pursue its mission.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eOpen-AI\u0026#8217;s for-profit subsidiary is already valued at $157 billion\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe stakes are unusually high for the otherwise sleepy sector of U.S. nonprofits, estimated to account for $3.3 trillion of America’s annual economic output. Despite its significance as the company behind the boom in generative artificial intelligence, an\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2024/11/20/openai-ceo-sam-altman-salary-76001/?utm_source=search\u0026amp;utm_medium=suggested_search\u0026amp;utm_campaign=search_link_clicks\"\u003eIRS filing\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;this week from OpenAI reveals just how little value is actually assigned to the nonprofit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to the goldrush triggered by the commercial launch of ChatGPT nearly two years ago, a recent fundraising round valued OpenAI Global, LLC, the operating company, at a staggering \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2024/10/02/openai-officially-raises-6-6-billion-funding-deal-157-billion-valuation-sam-altman-thrive-capital/?utm_source=search\u0026amp;utm_medium=suggested_search\u0026amp;utm_campaign=search_link_clicks\"\u003e$157 billion\u003c/a\u003e. Earlier this year one of Asia’s foremost experts in the field, Kai-fu Lee, even suggested it could make history as the first privately-held company worth \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/asia/2024/03/28/openai-trillion-dollar-valuation-megacap-microsoft-google-china-genai/?queryly=related_article\"\u003e$1 trillion\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor all intents and purposes, it operates like a normal company, counting \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/company/microsoft/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMicrosoft\u003c/a\u003e alongside Khosla Ventures and \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/company/linkedin/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eLinkedIn\u003c/a\u003e co-founder Reid Hoffman as major investors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYet its controlling shareholder, OpenAI, Inc., is classified a 501(c)(3) corporation under the tax code of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). It was exempted from paying into the public purse after \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/25197523/openai-application-for-tax-exempt-status.pdf\"\u003epledging\u003c/a\u003e to “advance digital intelligence in the way that is most likely to benefit humanity as a whole, unconstrained by a need to generate a financial return.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eThe health care sector blazed the trail for hybrid nonprofits\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis seemingly bizarre hybrid corporate structure, adopted by OpenAI in\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://openai.com/index/openai-lp/\"\u003eMarch 2019\u003c/a\u003e, resulted primarily from developments in the healthcare sector.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to prevent financially struggling clinics from closing, which could cut off the supply of medical services in their local community, the IRS in 1998 began allowing them to team up with for-profit competitors so long as the nonprofit retained final control.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OPENAI-Structure-1.png?w=1024\u0026#038;h=727\" alt=\"The corporate structure of OpenAI\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-4078791\" src=\"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OPENAI-Structure-1.png?w=1024\u0026#038;h=727\" width=\"1024\" height=\"727\" original-width=\"1860\" original-height=\"1320\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption\u003eThe corporate structure of OpenAI\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"image-credit\"\u003eCourtesy of OpenAI\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ruling remains controversial, however. In\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/oversight/letters/senator-warren-bipartisan-group-of-senators-urge-treasury-irs-to-investigate-potential-abuse-of-tax-exempt-status-by-nonprofit-hospitals-to-restrict-care-and-overcharge-patients\"\u003eAugust of last year\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;Elizabeth Warren joined up with three of her Senate colleagues in a bipartisan effort to crack down on the practice after a recent study found that\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://lownhospitalsindex.org/2023-fair-share-spending/\"\u003ethree out of four\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;nonprofit clinics spent less on charitable care than they received in tax exemptions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs founder and CEO of nonprofit consultancy Altruist, Donald Summers argues governance problems and lack of proper scrutiny are partly due to the broader public laboring under an antiquated and naïve notion of the charitable sector.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“People think nonprofits are soup kitchens and homeless shelters. They can be powerful, multibillion-dollar organizations that can own for-profit subsidiaries and take on debt,” Donald Summers, founder and CEO of Altruist tells \u003cem\u003eFortune\u003c/em\u003e. “They just can’t be bought and sold for the benefit of private individuals.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eLike a rainforest charity that decides to chop down the Amazon\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOpenAI CEO Sam Altman has attributed his plans to convert to a for-profit (likely\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2024/09/13/sam-altman-openai-non-profit-structure-change-next-year/?utm_source=search\u0026amp;utm_medium=suggested_search\u0026amp;utm_campaign=search_link_clicks\"\u003enext year\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;according to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eFortune\u003c/em\u003esources) as an organic evolution of its legal structure over time. As donations failed to keep pace with the spiraling costs for training its neural network, management decided the only option left to fulfil its charitable mission was to begin raising private money.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSince then, however, it has been more judicious about the research it publishes, with no publicly available information revealing the full technical capabilities of its GPT-4 model, first released in 2023. It has also entered into exclusive deals with commercial partners that experts say run contrary to the ideals it claims to espouse.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It’s illegal and OpenAI is a house of cards,”\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1829400635709575595\"\u003escathed\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;Musk, who cut all ties to the company four years ago. He has described OpenAI’s plans to relinquish its nonprofit status as a\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2024/08/05/elon-musk-open-ai-sam-altman-lawsuit-artificial-intelligence-tesla-x/?utm_source=search\u0026amp;utm_medium=suggested_search\u0026amp;utm_campaign=search_link_clicks\"\u003eShakesperean betrayal\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;and likened it to donating money to a charity to save the Amazon rainforest only for it to decide\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/16/cnbc-exclusive-cnbc-transcript-elon-musk-sits-down-with-cnbcs-david-faber-live-on-cnbc-tonight-.html\"\u003ecutting trees down for timber\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;was a more profitable idea.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the primary purpose of a nonprofit must be to provide a benefit to society as a whole, that means by extension, the pursuit of capitalistic motives doesn’t have to be in conflict with its mission.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“They aren’t necessarily mutually exclusive,” says Darryll Jones, professor of law at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and co-editor of the\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eNonprofit Law Professors Blog,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ein an interview with\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eFortune\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnd when they are, he adds, this need not be a problem—so long as the nonprofit’s goal take precedence. “That’s probably one reason why we haven’t heard [publicly] about an attorney general or the IRS challenging OpenAI.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003e\u0026#8216;I don\u0026#8217;t think we\u0026#8217;ll set a precedent here\u0026#8217; \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe argument has been that OpenAI’s change in corporate structure could give other startups the same idea, in other words with launch as tax-exempt nonprofits, only to convert to normal ownership once their business model has been ironed out and a commercially successful product can be launched.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpeaking in March earlier this year, Altman refuted the idea his actions would effectively incentivize companies to play fast and loose with the tax code on the public’s dime.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“I would heavily discourage any startup that was thinking about starting as a nonprofit and adding a for-profit arm later,” he\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvqFAi7vkBc\u0026amp;t=1975s\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e. “I don’t think we’ll set a precedent here. If we knew what was going to happen, we would have done that too.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTransitioning is tricky since it involves privatizing what was once chartered for the public good. Any mistakes can result in hefty tax liabilities should the golden rule be violated that assets have to be exchanged dollar for dollar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The basic principle is that the converting entity has to pay into the charitable sector an amount equivalent to what it’s taking out,” Robert Weissman, president of a corporate accountability advocacy group Public Citizen tells this publication. “But in this case it’s not obvious what the value of nonprofit OpenAI is.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eErr on the generous side \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to its\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/810861541/202323199349330997/full\"\u003e990 tax return\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;for the 2023 fiscal year just filed this month, its nonprofit listed net assets worth a paltry $21 million.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s the absolute minimum the for-profit would have to provide to the state in exchange, yet it remains a drop in the bucket when compared to the $157 billion valuation of the for-profit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeissman argues, however, any conversion means the tax-paying public must also be compensated for the \u003cem\u003eloss of control\u003c/em\u003e, once the company is owned by shareholders. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe estimates the premium for relinquishing this ought to be worth 20% of the for-profit entity over which it has final say. In other words, they\u0026#8217;d shell out more than $30 billion. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese funds that OpenAI Global LLC would have to pay then remain rightfully in the hands of the public, and can be then used for the endowment of a new charitable foundation, possibly devoted to AI safety, just as an example.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor now however, it remains a guessing game that investment bankers will ultimately have to hash out in a third-party assessment. Florida A\u0026amp;M’s Jones believes OpenAI and Microsoft will be careful to err on the generous side.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny potential attempt to short-change taxpayers could trigger an investigation and potential lawsuit by the government that binds management capacity and consumes time and resources—something the duo can ill afford in the race with\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2024/09/03/elon-musk-xai-nvidia-colossus/\"\u003efast-moving competitors\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;like Musk’s xAI.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“After OpenAI talked up how great their technology is, it’s going to be difficult for them to lowball the price,” Jones argues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA lot of high-paid lawyers knocking their heads together\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing years of pushing the envelop both in technology and in tax law, the conversion does solve one thorny issue and that is the risk it may already be in breach of its nonprofit obligations. Public Citizen’s Weissman has\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.citizen.org/article/fourth-letter-to-california-attorney-general-rob-bonta-openai-is-no-longer-operating-as-a-nonprofit/\"\u003erepeatedly written\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;to the attorney general of California, home to its headquarters, to press him on this very topic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDelaware, legal domicile of OpenAI, appears to be taking initial steps to ensure taxpayers aren’t cheated. \u003cem\u003eAxios\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2024/10/30/openai-for-profit-delaware-attorney-general\"\u003e \u003c/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2024/10/30/openai-for-profit-delaware-attorney-general\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e recently that state attorney general Kathleen Jennings had lodged an official request with the company for additional information with regards to its conversion plan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It is important that my office have an opportunity to review the terms of any such transaction prior to its consummation,” Jennings was quoted as writing in October. “The current beneficiaries of OpenAI have an interest in ensuring that charitable assets are not transferred to private interests without due consideration.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Delaware AG’s office did not respond to a request by\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eFortune\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;for comment but its counterpart in California office has said it does not comment in principle on the existence or progress of an investigation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGomez agrees with Altman’s assessment that OpenAI won’t be creating an all-new business model for startups because of just how easily it could fall afoul of the government if officials feel the public purse has been cheated. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“There aren’t many ways to do this without incurring a big tax liability and without getting sued by the state, either Delaware, California, the Department of Justice or the IRS,” he tells \u003cem\u003eFortune\u003c/em\u003e. “So I am very confident there are a lot of lawyers getting paid a \u003cem\u003elot\u003c/em\u003e of money to work on this right now.”\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","databaseId":4078783,"dateGmt":"2024-11-23T09:34:00","dek":"","description":"The price tag for shedding its nonprofit shell could run into the tens of billions of dollars.","faq":[],"featuredMediaType":"image","floatingNavContent":"","floatingNavTitle":"","footnotes":null,"id":"cG9zdDo0MDc4Nzgz","image":"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1490660761-e1732292512662.jpg?resize=1200,600","imageCaption":"CEO Sam Altman faces a bill that could potentially run in the tens of billions should he convert OpenAI into a for-profit company.","imageCredit":"Win McNamee—Getty Images","keywords":"","link":"https://fortune.com/2024/11/23/openai-chatgpt-sam-altman-elon-musk-nonprofit-taxes-government-litigation/","metaTitle":"Elon Musk's lawsuit could be the least of OpenAI's problems—its planned conversion will cost a fortune","modifiedGmt":"2024-11-23T09:34:27","pageType":"article","platformCD":"own","postId":4078783,"postSettings":{"postSettingsDek":null,"enableSubscriptionPlea":true,"subscriptionPleaDesign":"with-bottom-border","subscriptionPleaPosition":null,"subscriptionPleaTextLined":"\u003cb\u003eHow many degrees of separation are you from the globe's most powerful business leaders? \u003c/b\u003eExplore who made our brand-new list of the \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/ranking/most-powerful-people/?\u0026itm_source=fortune\u0026itm_medium=article_tout\"\u003e100 Most Powerful People in Business\u003c/a\u003e. Plus, learn about the metrics we used to make it.","bylineCommentary":null,"mediaItem":{"altText":"OpenAI CEO Sam Altman","caption":"WASHINGTON, DC - MAY 16: Samuel Altman, CEO of OpenAI, appears for testimony before the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology, and the Law May 16, 2023 in Washington, DC. The committee held an oversight hearing to examine A.I., focusing on rules for artificial intelligence. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images)","mediaItemUrl":"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1490660761-e1732292512662.jpg"},"__typename":"Settings"},"premiumCategory":{"name":"P-Reported","premiumCategoryId":447849338,"link":"https://fortune.com/?taxonomy=premium_categories\u0026term=p-reported-paywall","__typename":"BrandedArticlePremiumCategoryFieldsFields"},"primaryPostTag":{"name":"openAI","primaryTagId":424575041,"link":"https://fortune.com/tag/openai/","uri":"/tag/openai/","__typename":"BrandedArticlePrimaryPostTagIdFieldsFields"},"primarySection":{"name":"Tech","primarySectionId":447864805,"link":"https://fortune.com/section/information-technology/","uri":"/section/information-technology/","__typename":"BrandedArticlePrimarySectionIdFieldsFields"},"primaryTopic":{"name":"","primaryTopicId":-1},"relatedVideoId":"21TmpXaVX0-4007502-14497","relatedVideoType":"stn_video_media","reviewedBy":null,"sectionNames":["Finance","Leadership","Politics","Tech","Tech"],"sections":[{"name":"Finance","sectionId":4269,"slug":"finance","__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationSectionFieldsFields"},{"name":"Leadership","sectionId":447824445,"slug":"leadership","__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationSectionFieldsFields"},{"name":"Politics","sectionId":447848617,"slug":"politics","__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationSectionFieldsFields"},{"name":"Tech","sectionId":447824897,"slug":"tech","__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationSectionFieldsFields"},{"name":"Tech","sectionId":447864805,"slug":"information-technology","__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationSectionFieldsFields"}],"series":[],"showModifiedTimestamp":0,"socialDescription":"The price tag for shedding its nonprofit shell could run into the tens of billions of dollars.","socialTitle":"Elon Musk's lawsuit could be the least of OpenAI's problems—its planned conversion will cost a fortune","stickyCta":null,"tagNames":["A.I.","California","delaware","Elon Musk","Government","IRS","mergers and acquisitions","Microsoft","Non-Profit","openAI","Sam Altman","Taxes"],"tags":[{"name":"A.I.","tagId":447824447,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"California","tagId":1337,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"delaware","tagId":3426,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Elon Musk","tagId":447823654,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Government","tagId":2311,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"IRS","tagId":18226208,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"mergers and acquisitions","tagId":103613,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Microsoft","tagId":447824508,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Non-Profit","tagId":78420,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"openAI","tagId":424575041,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Sam Altman","tagId":447823582,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Taxes","tagId":4517,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"}],"templateType":"default","thumbnailUrl":"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1490660761-e1732292512662.jpg","title":"Elon Musk’s lawsuit could be the least of OpenAI’s problems—shedding its nonprofit status will cost a fortune","topicNames":[],"topics":[],"url":"https://fortune.com/2024/11/23/openai-chatgpt-sam-altman-elon-musk-nonprofit-taxes-government-litigation/","videoId":null,"widgetCss":null},"articleData":{"adTags":[],"audienceDek":"The price tag for shedding its nonprofit shell could run into the tens of billions of dollars.","authorNames":["Christiaan Hetzner"],"authors":[{"email":"christiaan.hetzner@fortune.com","image":"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Hetzner_bio.jpg?w=150","name":"Christiaan Hetzner","sameAs":"","type":"Person","uri":"/author/christiaan-hetzner/","url":"https://fortune.com/author/christiaan-hetzner/","role":"","funFactHeader":"","funFactValue":"","social":{"instaUrl":"https://www.instagram.com/the_hetzman/","linkedinUrl":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/christiaan-hetzner-99154311/","twitterUrl":"https://twitter.com/christiaanhtznr","__typename":"AuthorSocialUrlsFields"},"shortIntro":"","__typename":"Co-authors"}],"breadcrumbs":{"items":[]},"bypassPaywall":{"postBypassLinkEnabled":"1","postBypassLinkUnique":""},"canonicalUrl":null,"channel":"Tech","content":"\u003cp\u003eA good rule of thumb in life is to never get on the bad side of a litigation-happy centibillionaire with a Rolodex of law firms at his beck and call. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"paywall-selector\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"paywall\"\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut Elon Musk’s second lawsuit against OpenAI, to whom he made charitable donations amounting in total to more than $50 million, may be the least of its immediate concerns. There is one authority that still has greater resources at its fingertips than the man tipped to be the\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2024/09/09/elon-musk-worlds-first-trillionaire-net-worth-tesla-stock/\"\u003eworld’s first trillionaire\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;— the government.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnd it can make OpenAI’s life hell if it chooses to investigate and prosecute any missteps as the ChatGPT creator attempts to shed its nonprofit shell and emerge as a public benefit corporation capable of one day enriching its shareholders. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn fact, the state is really the\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2024/10/13/elon-musk-openai-sam-altman-lawsuit/?utm_source=search\u0026amp;utm_medium=suggested_search\u0026amp;utm_campaign=search_link_clicks\"\u003eonly entity capable of pursuing legal measures\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;to ensure nonprofits don’t cheat the system. And in a matter of weeks the levers of government power will be in the hands of close Musk ally, Donald Trump.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“If I was OpenAI and you asked me what should worry me more,” Luís Calderón Gómez, an assistant professor at Yeshiva University’s specializing in tax policy, tells \u003cem\u003eFortune\u003c/em\u003e, “it wouldn’t be Musk’s lawsuit, it would be the conversion.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a statement to \u003cem\u003eFortune\u003c/em\u003e, OpenAI chair Bret Taylor pledged the nonprofit board would honor its fiduciary obligation by ensuring the company remains well-positioned to fulfill its stated mission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“While our work remains ongoing as we continue to consult independent financial and legal advisors,” he said, “Any potential restructuring would ensure the nonprofit continues to exist and thrive, and receives full value for its current stake in the OpenAI for-profit with an enhanced ability to pursue its mission.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eOpen-AI\u0026#8217;s for-profit subsidiary is already valued at $157 billion\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe stakes are unusually high for the otherwise sleepy sector of U.S. nonprofits, estimated to account for $3.3 trillion of America’s annual economic output. Despite its significance as the company behind the boom in generative artificial intelligence, an\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2024/11/20/openai-ceo-sam-altman-salary-76001/?utm_source=search\u0026amp;utm_medium=suggested_search\u0026amp;utm_campaign=search_link_clicks\"\u003eIRS filing\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;this week from OpenAI reveals just how little value is actually assigned to the nonprofit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to the goldrush triggered by the commercial launch of ChatGPT nearly two years ago, a recent fundraising round valued OpenAI Global, LLC, the operating company, at a staggering \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2024/10/02/openai-officially-raises-6-6-billion-funding-deal-157-billion-valuation-sam-altman-thrive-capital/?utm_source=search\u0026amp;utm_medium=suggested_search\u0026amp;utm_campaign=search_link_clicks\"\u003e$157 billion\u003c/a\u003e. Earlier this year one of Asia’s foremost experts in the field, Kai-fu Lee, even suggested it could make history as the first privately-held company worth \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/asia/2024/03/28/openai-trillion-dollar-valuation-megacap-microsoft-google-china-genai/?queryly=related_article\"\u003e$1 trillion\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor all intents and purposes, it operates like a normal company, counting \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/company/microsoft/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMicrosoft\u003c/a\u003e alongside Khosla Ventures and \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/company/linkedin/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eLinkedIn\u003c/a\u003e co-founder Reid Hoffman as major investors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYet its controlling shareholder, OpenAI, Inc., is classified a 501(c)(3) corporation under the tax code of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). It was exempted from paying into the public purse after \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/25197523/openai-application-for-tax-exempt-status.pdf\"\u003epledging\u003c/a\u003e to “advance digital intelligence in the way that is most likely to benefit humanity as a whole, unconstrained by a need to generate a financial return.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eThe health care sector blazed the trail for hybrid nonprofits\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis seemingly bizarre hybrid corporate structure, adopted by OpenAI in\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://openai.com/index/openai-lp/\"\u003eMarch 2019\u003c/a\u003e, resulted primarily from developments in the healthcare sector.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to prevent financially struggling clinics from closing, which could cut off the supply of medical services in their local community, the IRS in 1998 began allowing them to team up with for-profit competitors so long as the nonprofit retained final control.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OPENAI-Structure-1.png?w=1024\u0026#038;h=727\" alt=\"The corporate structure of OpenAI\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-4078791\" src=\"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/OPENAI-Structure-1.png?w=1024\u0026#038;h=727\" width=\"1024\" height=\"727\" original-width=\"1860\" original-height=\"1320\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption\u003eThe corporate structure of OpenAI\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"image-credit\"\u003eCourtesy of OpenAI\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ruling remains controversial, however. In\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/oversight/letters/senator-warren-bipartisan-group-of-senators-urge-treasury-irs-to-investigate-potential-abuse-of-tax-exempt-status-by-nonprofit-hospitals-to-restrict-care-and-overcharge-patients\"\u003eAugust of last year\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;Elizabeth Warren joined up with three of her Senate colleagues in a bipartisan effort to crack down on the practice after a recent study found that\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://lownhospitalsindex.org/2023-fair-share-spending/\"\u003ethree out of four\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;nonprofit clinics spent less on charitable care than they received in tax exemptions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs founder and CEO of nonprofit consultancy Altruist, Donald Summers argues governance problems and lack of proper scrutiny are partly due to the broader public laboring under an antiquated and naïve notion of the charitable sector.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“People think nonprofits are soup kitchens and homeless shelters. They can be powerful, multibillion-dollar organizations that can own for-profit subsidiaries and take on debt,” Donald Summers, founder and CEO of Altruist tells \u003cem\u003eFortune\u003c/em\u003e. “They just can’t be bought and sold for the benefit of private individuals.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eLike a rainforest charity that decides to chop down the Amazon\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOpenAI CEO Sam Altman has attributed his plans to convert to a for-profit (likely\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2024/09/13/sam-altman-openai-non-profit-structure-change-next-year/?utm_source=search\u0026amp;utm_medium=suggested_search\u0026amp;utm_campaign=search_link_clicks\"\u003enext year\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;according to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eFortune\u003c/em\u003esources) as an organic evolution of its legal structure over time. As donations failed to keep pace with the spiraling costs for training its neural network, management decided the only option left to fulfil its charitable mission was to begin raising private money.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSince then, however, it has been more judicious about the research it publishes, with no publicly available information revealing the full technical capabilities of its GPT-4 model, first released in 2023. It has also entered into exclusive deals with commercial partners that experts say run contrary to the ideals it claims to espouse.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It’s illegal and OpenAI is a house of cards,”\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1829400635709575595\"\u003escathed\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;Musk, who cut all ties to the company four years ago. He has described OpenAI’s plans to relinquish its nonprofit status as a\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2024/08/05/elon-musk-open-ai-sam-altman-lawsuit-artificial-intelligence-tesla-x/?utm_source=search\u0026amp;utm_medium=suggested_search\u0026amp;utm_campaign=search_link_clicks\"\u003eShakesperean betrayal\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;and likened it to donating money to a charity to save the Amazon rainforest only for it to decide\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/16/cnbc-exclusive-cnbc-transcript-elon-musk-sits-down-with-cnbcs-david-faber-live-on-cnbc-tonight-.html\"\u003ecutting trees down for timber\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;was a more profitable idea.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the primary purpose of a nonprofit must be to provide a benefit to society as a whole, that means by extension, the pursuit of capitalistic motives doesn’t have to be in conflict with its mission.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“They aren’t necessarily mutually exclusive,” says Darryll Jones, professor of law at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and co-editor of the\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eNonprofit Law Professors Blog,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ein an interview with\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eFortune\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnd when they are, he adds, this need not be a problem—so long as the nonprofit’s goal take precedence. “That’s probably one reason why we haven’t heard [publicly] about an attorney general or the IRS challenging OpenAI.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003e\u0026#8216;I don\u0026#8217;t think we\u0026#8217;ll set a precedent here\u0026#8217; \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe argument has been that OpenAI’s change in corporate structure could give other startups the same idea, in other words with launch as tax-exempt nonprofits, only to convert to normal ownership once their business model has been ironed out and a commercially successful product can be launched.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpeaking in March earlier this year, Altman refuted the idea his actions would effectively incentivize companies to play fast and loose with the tax code on the public’s dime.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“I would heavily discourage any startup that was thinking about starting as a nonprofit and adding a for-profit arm later,” he\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvqFAi7vkBc\u0026amp;t=1975s\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e. “I don’t think we’ll set a precedent here. If we knew what was going to happen, we would have done that too.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTransitioning is tricky since it involves privatizing what was once chartered for the public good. Any mistakes can result in hefty tax liabilities should the golden rule be violated that assets have to be exchanged dollar for dollar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The basic principle is that the converting entity has to pay into the charitable sector an amount equivalent to what it’s taking out,” Robert Weissman, president of a corporate accountability advocacy group Public Citizen tells this publication. “But in this case it’s not obvious what the value of nonprofit OpenAI is.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eErr on the generous side \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to its\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/810861541/202323199349330997/full\"\u003e990 tax return\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;for the 2023 fiscal year just filed this month, its nonprofit listed net assets worth a paltry $21 million.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s the absolute minimum the for-profit would have to provide to the state in exchange, yet it remains a drop in the bucket when compared to the $157 billion valuation of the for-profit.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWeissman argues, however, any conversion means the tax-paying public must also be compensated for the \u003cem\u003eloss of control\u003c/em\u003e, once the company is owned by shareholders. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHe estimates the premium for relinquishing this ought to be worth 20% of the for-profit entity over which it has final say. In other words, they\u0026#8217;d shell out more than $30 billion. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese funds that OpenAI Global LLC would have to pay then remain rightfully in the hands of the public, and can be then used for the endowment of a new charitable foundation, possibly devoted to AI safety, just as an example.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor now however, it remains a guessing game that investment bankers will ultimately have to hash out in a third-party assessment. Florida A\u0026amp;M’s Jones believes OpenAI and Microsoft will be careful to err on the generous side.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny potential attempt to short-change taxpayers could trigger an investigation and potential lawsuit by the government that binds management capacity and consumes time and resources—something the duo can ill afford in the race with\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2024/09/03/elon-musk-xai-nvidia-colossus/\"\u003efast-moving competitors\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;like Musk’s xAI.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“After OpenAI talked up how great their technology is, it’s going to be difficult for them to lowball the price,” Jones argues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eA lot of high-paid lawyers knocking their heads together\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing years of pushing the envelop both in technology and in tax law, the conversion does solve one thorny issue and that is the risk it may already be in breach of its nonprofit obligations. Public Citizen’s Weissman has\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.citizen.org/article/fourth-letter-to-california-attorney-general-rob-bonta-openai-is-no-longer-operating-as-a-nonprofit/\"\u003erepeatedly written\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;to the attorney general of California, home to its headquarters, to press him on this very topic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDelaware, legal domicile of OpenAI, appears to be taking initial steps to ensure taxpayers aren’t cheated. \u003cem\u003eAxios\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2024/10/30/openai-for-profit-delaware-attorney-general\"\u003e \u003c/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2024/10/30/openai-for-profit-delaware-attorney-general\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e recently that state attorney general Kathleen Jennings had lodged an official request with the company for additional information with regards to its conversion plan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It is important that my office have an opportunity to review the terms of any such transaction prior to its consummation,” Jennings was quoted as writing in October. “The current beneficiaries of OpenAI have an interest in ensuring that charitable assets are not transferred to private interests without due consideration.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Delaware AG’s office did not respond to a request by\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eFortune\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;for comment but its counterpart in California office has said it does not comment in principle on the existence or progress of an investigation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGomez agrees with Altman’s assessment that OpenAI won’t be creating an all-new business model for startups because of just how easily it could fall afoul of the government if officials feel the public purse has been cheated. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“There aren’t many ways to do this without incurring a big tax liability and without getting sued by the state, either Delaware, California, the Department of Justice or the IRS,” he tells \u003cem\u003eFortune\u003c/em\u003e. “So I am very confident there are a lot of lawyers getting paid a \u003cem\u003elot\u003c/em\u003e of money to work on this right now.”\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","databaseId":4078783,"dateGmt":"2024-11-23T09:34:00","dek":"","description":"The price tag for shedding its nonprofit shell could run into the tens of billions of dollars.","faq":[],"featuredMediaType":"image","floatingNavContent":"","floatingNavTitle":"","footnotes":null,"id":"cG9zdDo0MDc4Nzgz","image":"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1490660761-e1732292512662.jpg?resize=1200,600","imageCaption":"CEO Sam Altman faces a bill that could potentially run in the tens of billions should he convert OpenAI into a for-profit company.","imageCredit":"Win McNamee—Getty Images","keywords":"","link":"https://fortune.com/2024/11/23/openai-chatgpt-sam-altman-elon-musk-nonprofit-taxes-government-litigation/","metaTitle":"Elon Musk's lawsuit could be the least of OpenAI's problems—its planned conversion will cost a fortune","modifiedGmt":"2024-11-23T09:34:27","pageType":"article","platformCD":"own","postId":4078783,"postSettings":{"postSettingsDek":null,"enableSubscriptionPlea":true,"subscriptionPleaDesign":"with-bottom-border","subscriptionPleaPosition":null,"subscriptionPleaTextLined":"\u003cb\u003eHow many degrees of separation are you from the globe's most powerful business leaders? \u003c/b\u003eExplore who made our brand-new list of the \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/ranking/most-powerful-people/?\u0026itm_source=fortune\u0026itm_medium=article_tout\"\u003e100 Most Powerful People in Business\u003c/a\u003e. 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