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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>During Emperor Taizu's reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_Emperor_Taizu's_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_Zhu_Yougui's_reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_Zhu_Yougui's_reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>During Zhu Yougui's reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_Zhu_Yougui's_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Early reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Late reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal information</span> </div> </a> <ul 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhu_Zhen" title="Zhu Zhen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zhu Zhen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%9A%B0%EC%A0%95" title="주우정 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주우정" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%8F%8B%E8%B2%9E" title="朱友貞 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="朱友貞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhu_Zhen" title="Zhu Zhen – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zhu Zhen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="จู โหย่วเจิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จู โหย่วเจิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B6%D1%83_%D0%AE%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Чжу Ючжень – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чжу Ючжень" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Zhu Youzhen<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">朱友貞</span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Emperor of the Later Liang dynasty</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">913<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ268_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ268-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – November 18, 923</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yougui" title="Zhu Yougui">Zhu Yougui</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Dynasty abolished</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">20 October 888<sup id="cite_ref-HFD8_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFD8-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">18 November 923<span style="display:none">(923-11-18)</span> (aged 35)<sup id="cite_ref-AS_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ272_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ272-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Full name</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">Family name</a>: <div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><a href="/wiki/Zhu_(surname)" title="Zhu (surname)">Zhū</a> (朱)</div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_given_name" title="Chinese given name">Given name</a>: <div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Originally Yǒuzhēn (友貞),<br />later Huáng (鍠) (changed 913),<br />later Zhèn (瑱) (changed 915)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Era dates</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Qiánhuà (乾化) (913–915)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Zhēnmíng (貞明) (915–921)<br />Lóngdé (龍德) (921–923)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Zhu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Zhu Zhen</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">朱瑱</span>) (20 October 888<sup id="cite_ref-HFD8_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFD8-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AS_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 18 November 923<sup id="cite_ref-AS_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ272_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ272-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), often referred to in traditional histories as <b>Emperor Mo of Later Liang</b> (後梁末帝, "last emperor") and sometimes by his princely title <b>Prince of Jun</b> (均王), né <b>Zhu Youzhen</b> (朱友貞), known as <b>Zhu Huang</b> (朱鍠) from 913 to 915, was the third and last <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">emperor</a> of China's <a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang dynasty</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</a>, ruling from 913 to 923. He ordered his general Huangfu Lin (皇甫麟) to kill him in 923 when <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhuangzong_of_Later_Tang" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang">Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang</a> (Li Cunxu), the emperor of Later Liang's enemy <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a> to the north, was on the cusp of capturing the Later Liang capital <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Daliang</a>. His death marked the end of Later Liang, which was to be the longest among the Five Dynasties. Despite his ten-year reign being the longest of all the Five Dynasties emperors (if one does not count Li Cunxu's reign as the Prince of Jin prior to taking imperial title) sources on his era are relatively scarce, as many Later Liang records were destroyed following the Later Tang conquest of the Later Liang (as the Later Tang viewed the Later Liang as an illegitimate regime). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Youzhen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zhu Youzhen was born 888, at what was then <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>'s Bian Prefecture (汴州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>), as the fourth son of his father <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Quanzhong" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhu Quanzhong">Zhu Quanzhong</a>, who was then a major warlord as the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered at Bian Prefecture). His mother was Zhu Quanzhong's wife <a href="/wiki/Lady_Zhang_(Zhu_Quanzhong%27s_wife)" title="Lady Zhang (Zhu Quanzhong's wife)">Lady Zhang</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-HFD8_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFD8-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he was her only known biological son.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was described to be handsome, not talkative, and favoring scholars. In 900, he received the title of military advisor at Henan Municipality (河南, i.e., the <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> region).<sup id="cite_ref-HFD8_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFD8-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="During_Emperor_Taizu's_reign"><span id="During_Emperor_Taizu.27s_reign"></span>During Emperor Taizu's reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Youzhen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: During Emperor Taizu's reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 907, Zhu Quanzhong had Tang's final emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ai_of_Tang" title="Emperor Ai of Tang">Emperor Ai</a> yield the throne to him, ending Tang and starting a new <a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a> with him as its Emperor Taizu. He created his sons princes, and Zhu Youzhen received the title of Prince of Jun.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ266_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ266-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around that time, Emperor Taizu had just established a corps of imperial guards known as the Tianxing Army (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">天興軍</span></span>), and he made Zhu Youzhen one of the two commanders of the Tianxing Army.<sup id="cite_ref-HFD8_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFD8-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 910, Emperor Taizu gave him the honorary title of acting <i>Sikong</i> (司空, one of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Excellencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Excellencies">Three Excellencies</a>) and, in addition to command of the Tianxing Army, gave him the title of commander of forces at the eastern capital (i.e., Bian Prefecture, which by this point was known as Daliang, with Emperor Taizu having established Luoyang as capital).<sup id="cite_ref-HFD8_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFD8-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="During_Zhu_Yougui's_reign"><span id="During_Zhu_Yougui.27s_reign"></span>During Zhu Yougui's reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Youzhen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: During Zhu Yougui's reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 912, Emperor Taizu was seriously ill. He was considered to have favored his second son—an adoptive son, not a biological one—<a href="/wiki/Zhu_Youwen" title="Zhu Youwen">Zhu Youwen</a> the Prince of Bo, the most. (At that time, he had his daughters-in-law attend to him in the palace, and he often made them have sexual relations with him. He favored Zhu Youwen's wife Lady Wang the most, and partly due to that favored Zhu Youwen the most as well.) When he believed that he was near death, he sent Lady Wang to Daliang, where Zhu Youwen was serving as its defender, to summon Zhu Youwen to him. This drew anger and fear from his third son, <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yougui" title="Zhu Yougui">Zhu Yougui</a> the Prince of Ying, particularly since at that time he also issued an edict sending Zhu Yougui out of the capital to serve as the prefect of <a href="/wiki/Lai_Prefecture" title="Lai Prefecture">Lai Prefecture</a>. Zhu Yougui thus entered the palace and assassinated Emperor Taizu. Keeping Emperor Taizu's death a secret, he sent the <a href="/wiki/Eunuch_(court_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eunuch (court official)">eunuch</a> Ding Zhaopu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">丁昭溥</span></span>) to Daliang, and, in Emperor Taizu's name, ordered Zhu Youzhen to kill Zhu Youwen. After Zhu Youzhen did so and Ding returned to Luoyang to inform him, he announced Emperor Taizu's death, blaming the assassination on Zhu Youwen. He then took the throne. He made Zhu Youzhen the defender of Daliang and the capital of Kaifeng Municipality (i.e., the Daliang region).<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ268_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ268-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, it was said that Zhu Yougui quickly caused the people to be discontented with him, due to his frivolous acts. Further, the rumors that he had been the one who killed Emperor Taizu were spreading in the army. Soon thereafter, Zhu Youzhen's brother-in-law (Emperor Taizu's son-in-law) <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Yan_(Later_Liang)" title="Zhao Yan (Later Liang)">Zhao Yan</a> and cousin (Emperor Taizu's nephew) <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Xiangxian" title="Yuan Xiangxian">Yuan Xiangxian</a> were secretly plotting to overthrow Zhu Yougui. Zhao informed this to Zhu Youzhen, and Zhu Youzhen agreed with the plot, and further sent his close associate Ma Shenjiao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">馬慎交</span></span>) to Tianxiong Circuit (天雄, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>) to persuade the major general <a href="/wiki/Yang_Shihou" title="Yang Shihou">Yang Shihou</a> the military governor of Tianxiong to join the plot, and Yang agreed. Zhu Youzhen further persuaded the elite Longxiang Army (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">龍驤軍</span></span>) soldiers then at Daliang to join the plot as well, and then prepared to rise and attack Luoyang. However, before Zhu Youzhen could launch his own forces, Yuan and Zhao rose at Luoyang and killed Zhu Yougui. They then offered the throne to Zhu Youzhen, who accepted, but moved the capital to Daliang and took the throne there.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ268_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ268-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Youzhen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_reign">Early reign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Youzhen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After he took the throne, Zhu Youzhen changed his name to Zhu Huang, and later to Zhu Zhen. He sent overtures to the general <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Youqian" title="Zhu Youqian">Zhu Youqian</a>, who had submitted Huguo Circuit (護國, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>) to Later Liang's archrival <a href="/wiki/Jin_(Later_Tang_precursor)" title="Jin (Later Tang precursor)">Jin</a>, upon Zhu Yougui's assassination of Emperor Taizu, and Zhu Youqian agreed to resubmit to Later Liang.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ268_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ268-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The return of Zhu Youqian to the Later Liang fold, however, did not change the threat against Later Liang of Jin's expanding power, which Emperor Taizu had been very concerned about prior to his death.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ268_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ268-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also had to guard against two other rival states, <a href="/wiki/Qi_(Five_Dynasties)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qi (Five Dynasties)">Qi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wu_(Ten_Kingdoms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu (Ten Kingdoms)">Wu</a>. In 914, he stationed the general Kang Huaiying (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">康懷英</span></span>) at Yongping Circuit (永平, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>), to guard against Qi. Meanwhile, he tried to commission his brother Zhu Youzhang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">朱友璋</span></span>) the Prince of Fu as the military governor of Wuning Circuit (武寧, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>), to replace the Zhu Yougui-commissioned military governor Wang Yin (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王殷</span></span>). Wang, in fear, submitted to Wu. Zhu Zhen sent the generals Niu Cunjie (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">牛存節</span></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xun_(Later_Liang)" title="Liu Xun (Later Liang)">Liu Xun</a>, and they, after repelling the Wu general <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Jin" title="Zhu Jin">Zhu Jin</a>, captured Wuning's capital Xu Prefecture (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">徐州</span></span>). Wang committed suicide.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ269_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ269-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 915, Yang Shihou died. As Zhu Zhen had long been apprehensive of Yang's hold over the army, he outwardly mourned Yang but was in fact pleased. Zhao Yan and the official Shao Zan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">邵贊</span></span>) advocated using this opportunity to weaken Tianxiong Circuit, as it had, for most of Tang history up to this point, been a circuit that was <i>de facto</i> independent and difficult to control. Zhu Zhen agreed, and ordered that Tianxiong be divided into two circuits, with three of Tianxiong's six prefectures to belong to a new Zhaode Circuit (昭德, headquartered at Xiang Prefecture (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">相州</span></span>), in modern Handan as well). The Tianxiong soldiers resented this division, and mutinied under the leadership of the officer Zhang Yan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">張彥</span></span>), holding the Later Liang-commissioned military governor He Delun (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">賀德倫</span></span>) hostage. Zhu Zhen sent a eunuch, Fu Yi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">扈異</span></span>), to try to comfort the Tianxiong soldiers, but was not receptive to Zhang's request that Tianxiong's division be cancelled. Zhang thus decided to surrender the circuit to Jin. Li Cunxu shortly thereafter arrived at Tianxiong and took over control of the circuit. Intense campaigns between the Later Liang army, under Liu Xun's command, and the Jin army subsequently were waged, but the Jin army was continuously victorious over the Later Liang army, and two ambitious surprise-attack attempts by Liu and Wang Tan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王檀</span></span>) on the Jin capital <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a> were repelled by Jin. By fall 916, nearly all of the Later Liang territory north of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> had fallen to Jin. (During the campaign, the Later Liang morale was sufficiently shaken such that there was even a mutiny against Zhu Zhen at Daliang itself, led by the officer Li Ba (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李霸</span></span>), during which Zhu Zhen had to personally lead guards to defend the palace gate, but the general <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanqiu" title="Wang Yanqiu">Du Yanqiu</a> shortly after crushed the mutineers.)<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ269_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ269-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the campaign, Zhu's wife <a href="/wiki/Consort_Zhang_(Zhu_Zhen)" title="Consort Zhang (Zhu Zhen)">Consort Zhang</a> died. (Zhu had wanted to create her empress, but she continuously declined in light of the fact that he had not yet offered sacrifice to heaven and earth to solemnify his reign.)<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ269_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ269-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His younger brother Zhu Youjing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">朱友敬</span></span>) the Prince of Kang,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had long wanted to displace him, tried to use the occasion of Consort Zhang's funeral as an opportunity to rise to assassinate Zhu Zhen. The emperor, however, discovered this as the assassination was about to take place, and, after fleeing, had the imperial guards locate and kill the hidden assassins, and then executed Zhu Youjing. After this incident, it was said that Zhu only trusted Zhao, as well as Consort Zhang's brothers Zhang Handing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">張漢鼎</span></span>) and Zhang Hanjie (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">張漢傑</span></span>) and cousins Zhang Hanlun (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">張漢倫</span></span>) and Zhang Hanrong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">張漢融</span></span>), such that he only listened to their advice, to the exclusion of others, including the senior <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Jing_Xiang_(politician)" title="Jing Xiang (politician)">Jing Xiang</a> and director of imperial governance <a href="/wiki/Li_Zhen_(Later_Liang)" title="Li Zhen (Later Liang)">Li Zhen</a>, both greatly trusted by Emperor Taizu previously.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ269_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ269-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 917, an erstwhile vassal of Later Liang's, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Yan_(emperor)" title="Liu Yan (emperor)">Liu Yan</a> the military governor of Qinghai Circuit (清海, headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>), declared himself emperor of a new independent state of Yue (shortly after to be renamed Han, and therefore known historically as <a href="/wiki/Southern_Han" title="Southern Han">Southern Han</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ270_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ270-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 917, Liu Xun, who had for some time refused to report to Daliang after his defeats at Li Cunxu's hands,<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ269_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ269-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> finally did go to Daliang to pay homage to Zhu. Zhu relieved him of his command as the commander of the forces against Jin, and replaced him with <a href="/wiki/He_Gui" title="He Gui">He Gui</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ270_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ270-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had been able to suppress a mutiny at Qing Prefecture (慶州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>) in 916.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ269_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ269-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, at Zhao's suggestion, Zhu prepared a grand ceremony to sacrifice to heaven and earth at Luoyang, and departed Daliang to do so, despite the contrary advice of Jing. After he left Daliang, however, Jin forces attacked and captured the border fort of Yangliu (楊劉, in modern <a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>), south of the Yellow River. When the news of Yangliu's fall arrived at Luoyang, it greatly shocked the imperial officials who were attending to Zhu at that point, and there were rumors that Jin had further captured Daliang. Zhu, in panic, and to quell such rumors, cancelled the ceremony and returned to Daliang. After this incident, Jing submitted a petition, discussing his concerns about the northern war with Jin, and offered to command the army himself; Zhu, with Zhao and the four Zhangs disagreeing, declined Jing's offer.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ270_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ270-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 918, Li Cunxu gathered all the elite Jin troops that he could garner, and decided to launch one massive attack on Later Liang. Shortly after new year 919, he crossed the Yellow River and headed toward Daliang. He Gui intercepted him at Huliu Slope (胡柳陂, in modern <a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>). The battle was an initial major rout by the Later Liang forces over Jin forces, but a subsequent Jin counterattack led to massive Later Liang losses as well, making the battle essentially a draw, with both Later Liang and Jin suffering casualties of two-thirds of their army. For quite some time thereafter, neither side dared to attack the other. (Indeed, the Later Liang army was said to have collapsed so completely such that it took over a month for it to reorganize itself.)<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ270_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ270-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_reign">Late reign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Youzhen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Late reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 920, Zhu Youqian, after his having his son Zhu Lingde (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">朱令德</span></span>) taking over Zhongwu Circuit (忠武, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>) was initially met with anger by Zhu Zhen, rebelled against Later Liang and again submitted to Jin. Zhu Zhen sent Liu Xun to attack Zhu Youqian, but Liu was defeated by the Jin generals <a href="/wiki/Li_Cunshen" title="Li Cunshen">Li Cunshen</a> (Li Cunxu's adoptive brother) and <a href="/wiki/Li_Sizhao" title="Li Sizhao">Li Sizhao</a> (Li Cunxu's adoptive cousin), allowing Zhu Youqian to retain Huguo and remain in the Jin fold. (Subsequently, Zhu Zhen, suspecting Liu of having intentionally not defeating Zhu Youqian (as Liu and Zhu Youqian had children who were married to each other), poisoned Liu to death.)<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ271_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ271-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 921, Li Cunxu's major ally <a href="/wiki/Wang_Rong_(warlord)" title="Wang Rong (warlord)">Wang Rong</a> the Prince of <a href="/wiki/Zhao_(Five_Dynasties)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhao (Five Dynasties)">Zhao</a> was assassinated by his adoptive son <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Wenli" title="Zhang Wenli">Wang Deming</a>, who then took over Zhao lands and changed his name back to the birth name of Zhang Wenli. Zhang initially pretended to continue to submit to Li, but fearing (correctly) that Li would act against him, secretly made overtures to both Later Liang and <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Khitan Empire</a> in preparation for a campaign of resistance. Jing Xiang, pointing out that this was the prime opportunity to counterattack against Jin, argued for launching an army to aid Zhang, while Zhao Yan and the four Zhangs argued against it, reasoning that the Later Liang forces were needed to protect Later Liang's own territory. Zhu Zhen ended up not aiding Zhang Wenli, Zhang Wenli subsequently died and was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chujin" title="Zhang Chujin">Zhang Chujin</a>, who held out against Jin forces until late 922, but was eventually defeated, with Li absorbing Zhao territory into Jin. During Jin's campaign against Zhao, the new Later Liang supreme commander <a href="/wiki/Dai_Siyuan" title="Dai Siyuan">Dai Siyuan</a> was able to attack Wei Prefecture (衛州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>) and surprise the Jin garrison there, capturing it; this allowed Later Liang to regain its foothold north of the Yellow River and greatly recover in its morale.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ271_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ271-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 923, what appeared to be an even greater opportunity for Later Liang to counter the Jin gains occurred. After Li Sizhao died battle in the Zhao campaign in 922, his son <a href="/wiki/Li_Jitao" title="Li Jitao">Li Jitao</a> seized control the circuit that he had commanded, Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>), and Li Cunxu, not willing to wage a campaign against him, commissioned him as the acting military governor, renaming it Anyi (安義, as <a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">naming taboo</a> for Li Sizhao).<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ271_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ271-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in spring 923, Li Jitao, fearing that Li Cunxu would eventually act against him anyway, submitted his circuit to Later Liang. Zhu Zhen commissioned him as full military governor and renamed the circuit Kuangyi.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ272_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ272-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly after, Li Cunxu declared himself the emperor of a new <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a>. Shortly after, believing that a surprise move against Later Liang was necessary to break the stalemate between the two states, he sent his adoptive brother <a href="/wiki/Li_Siyuan" title="Li Siyuan">Li Siyuan</a> to launch a surprise attack Later Liang's Tianping Circuit (天平, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>), south of the Yellow River, catching Later Liang unprepared and capturing Tianping's capital Yun Prefecture (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">鄆州</span></span>). In fear and anger over Yun's fall, Zhu demoted Dai (who was Tianping's military governor but who was away commanding the army against Later Tang at the time) and commissioned <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanzhang" title="Wang Yanzhang">Wang Yanzhang</a> as the commander of the army against Later Tang instead. Wang quickly attacked and captured the border fort Desheng (德勝, in modern Puyang), intending to use it to cut off the supply line between Later Tang proper and Yun. However, his subsequent battles against Li Cunxu himself were indecisive; further, his commission caused much apprehension in the hearts of Zhao and the Zhangs, as he had long despised what he saw as their wickedness. Zhao and the Zhangs thus defamed him before Zhu, who then removed him and replaced him with <a href="/wiki/Duan_Ning" title="Duan Ning">Duan Ning</a>. Meanwhile, Zhu also destroyed the Yellow River levee at Hua Prefecture (滑州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>), causing a flood area, believing that it would impede further Later Tang attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ272_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ272-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Duan prepared an ambitious plan for a four-prong counterattack against Later Tang:<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ272_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ272-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Zhang" title="Dong Zhang">Dong Zhang</a> would head toward the major Later Tang city <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a> (formerly Jin's capital).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huo_Yanwei" title="Huo Yanwei">Huo Yanwei</a> would head toward Zhen Prefecture (鎮州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>, formerly Zhao's capital).</li> <li>Wang and Zhang Hanjie would head toward Yun Prefecture.</li> <li>Duan himself, along with Du Yanqiu, would confront Later Tang's emperor Li Cunxu.</li></ol> <p>However, the Later Liang officer <a href="/wiki/Kang_Yanxiao" title="Kang Yanxiao">Kang Yanxiao</a>, at this junction, defected to Later Tang, revealing Duan's plan to the Later Tang emperor and pointing out that the plan left the Later Liang capital Daliang defenseless, and pointing out that Wang's and Zhang Hanjie's army was the weakest of the four prongs and could easily be defeated. Li Cunxu decided to take the risky move himself, and advanced to Yun to join forces with Li Siyuan, and then engage Wang and Zhang Hanjie. He defeated them, capturing both Wang and Zhang Hanjie at Zhongdu (中都, in modern <a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>), and then headed directly toward the defenseless Daliang. With Duan's army trapped north of the Yellow River and unable to come to his rescue, Zhu saw the situation as hopeless. He ordered his general Huangfu Lin (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">皇甫麟</span></span>) to kill him; Huangfu did, and then committed suicide himself. This thus ended Later Liang. The <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Sima_Guang" title="Sima Guang">Sima Guang</a>, in his <i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a></i>, commented:<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ272_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ272-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Lord of Liang was temperate, respectful, frugal, and self-controlled. He was not frivolous or licentious. However, he trusted Zhao and the Zhangs, such that they wielded power and misused it, and he distanced himself from Jing and Li [Zhen], not listening to them, leading to the destruction of the dynasty.</p></blockquote> <p>Li Cunxu had Zhu's body buried with respect, but kept his head at the imperial temple. It was not until after Later Tang itself fell that <a href="/wiki/Shi_Jingtang" title="Shi Jingtang">Shi Jingtang</a>, the emperor of the succeeding <a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Jin (Five Dynasties)">Later Jin</a>, ordered that Zhu's head be properly buried.<sup id="cite_ref-HFD10_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFD10-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_information">Personal information</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Youzhen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Father <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Wen" title="Zhu Wen">Zhu Wen</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mother <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Zhang_(Zhu_Quanzhong%27s_wife)" title="Lady Zhang (Zhu Quanzhong's wife)">Lady Zhang</a>, posthumously honored Empress Yuanzhen</li></ul></li> <li>Wife <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consort_Zhang_(Zhu_Zhen)" title="Consort Zhang (Zhu Zhen)">Consort Zhang</a>, imperial consort title <i>Defei</i></li></ul></li> <li>Major Concubine <ul><li>Consort Guo</li></ul></li> <li>Daughter <ul><li>Princess Shouchun</li> <li>Princess Shouchang</li> <li>Princess Jin'an</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Youzhen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ268-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ268_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ268_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ268_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ268_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ268_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7268" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷268">vol. 268</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HFD8-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HFD8_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HFD8_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HFD8_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HFD8_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HFD8_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HFD8_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Old_History_of_the_Five_Dynasties" title="Old History of the Five Dynasties">Old History of the Five Dynasties</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%88%8A%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B78" class="extiw" title="zh:s:舊五代史/卷8">vol. 8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AS-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AS_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AS_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AS_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AS_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Academia Sinica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sinocal.sinica.edu.tw/">Chinese-Western Calendar Converter</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ272-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ272_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ272_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ272_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ272_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ272_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ272_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7272" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷272">vol. 272</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Qianhua</i> was an era name carried over from his father <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Wen" title="Zhu Wen">Zhu Wen</a> and actually began in 911.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/New_History_of_the_Five_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="New History of the Five Dynasties">New History of the Five Dynasties</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E6%96%B0%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B713" class="extiw" title="zh:s:新五代史/卷13">vol. 13</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ266-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ266_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7266" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷266">vol. 266</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ269-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ269_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ269_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ269_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ269_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ269_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ269_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7269" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷269">vol. 269</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Prince of Kang's name was referred to as Zhu Youjing in the <i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, and so it is used here. However, it was referred to as Zhu Youzi (朱友孜) in the <i>Old History of the Five Dynasties</i> and the <i>New History of the Five Dynasties</i>. See <i>Old History of the Five Dynasties</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%88%8A%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B712" class="extiw" title="zh:s:舊五代史/卷12">vol. 12</a>, and <i>New History of the Five Dynasties</i>, vol. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ270-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ270_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ270_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ270_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ270_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7270" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷270">vol. 270</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ271-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ271_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ271_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ271_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7271" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷271">vol. 271</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HFD10-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HFD10_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Old History of the Five Dynasties</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%88%8A%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B710" class="extiw" title="zh:s:舊五代史/卷10">vol. 10</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_History_of_the_Five_Dynasties" title="Old History of the Five Dynasties">Old History of the Five Dynasties</a></i>, vols. <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%88%8A%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B78" class="extiw" title="zh:s:舊五代史/卷8">8</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%88%8A%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B79" class="extiw" title="zh:s:舊五代史/卷9">9</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%88%8A%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B710" class="extiw" title="zh:s:舊五代史/卷10">10</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_History_of_the_Five_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="New History of the Five Dynasties">New History of the Five Dynasties</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E6%96%B0%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B703" class="extiw" title="zh:s:新五代史/卷03">vol. 3</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a></i>, vols. <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7266" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷266">266</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7268" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷268">268</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7269" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷269">269</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7270" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷270">270</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7271" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷271">271</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7272" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷272">272</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Zhu Youzhen </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 888</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 923</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="3">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yougui" title="Zhu Yougui">Zhu Yougui</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Emperor of Later Liang </b><br />913–923 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Dynasty destroyed </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">Emperor of China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>/<a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>) </b><br />913–917 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yan_(emperor)" title="Liu Yan (emperor)">Liu Yan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Han" title="Southern Han">Southern Han</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">Emperor of China</a> (central) </b><br />913–923 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Li_Cunxu" title="Li Cunxu">Li Cunxu</a> of <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Wen" title="Zhu Wen">Zhu Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yougui" title="Zhu Yougui">Zhu Yougui</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zhu Youzhen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concurrent warlords</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shouguang" title="Liu Shouguang">Liu Shouguang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yan_(Five_Dynasties_period)" title="Yan (Five Dynasties period)">Yan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Rong_(warlord)" title="Wang Rong (warlord)">Wang Rong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zhao_(Five_Dynasties_period)" title="Zhao (Five Dynasties period)">Zhao</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Maozhen" title="Li Maozhen">Li Maozhen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qi_(Li_Maozhen%27s_state)" title="Qi (Li Maozhen's state)">Qi</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Jin" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jin_(Later_Tang_precursor)" title="Jin (Later Tang precursor)">Jin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Li_Keyong" title="Li Keyong">Li Keyong</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Cunxu" title="Li Cunxu">Li Cunxu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Siyuan" title="Li Siyuan">Li Siyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Conghou" title="Li Conghou">Li Conghou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Congke" title="Li Congke">Li Congke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Jin (Five Dynasties)">Later Jin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Jingtang" title="Shi Jingtang">Shi Jingtang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Chonggui" title="Shi Chonggui">Shi Chonggui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interregnum<br />(<a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a> occupation)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Liao" title="Emperor Taizong of Liao">Emperor Taizong of Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shizong_of_Liao" title="Emperor Shizong of Liao">Emperor Shizong of Liao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Han_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Han (Five Dynasties)">Later Han</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhiyuan" title="Liu Zhiyuan">Liu Zhiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chengyou" title="Liu Chengyou">Liu Chengyou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Han" title="Northern Han">Northern Han</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chong" title="Liu Chong">Liu Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Jun_(Northern_Han)" title="Liu Jun (Northern Han)">Liu Chengjun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Ji%27en" title="Liu Ji'en">Liu Ji'en</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Jiyuan" title="Liu Jiyuan">Liu Jiyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Zhou" title="Later Zhou">Later Zhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Wei" title="Guo Wei">Guo Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chai_Rong" title="Chai Rong">Chai Rong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Zongxun" title="Guo Zongxun">Guo Zongxun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ten Kingdoms<br />(other than Northern Han)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Former_Shu" title="Former Shu">Former Shu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jian_(Former_Shu)" title="Wang Jian (Former Shu)">Wang Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zongyan" title="Wang Zongyan">Wang Zongyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Later Shu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Zhixiang" title="Meng Zhixiang">Meng Zhixiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Chang" title="Meng Chang">Meng Chang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jingnan" title="Jingnan">Jingnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Jixing" title="Gao Jixing">Gao Jixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Conghui" title="Gao Conghui">Gao Conghui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Baorong" title="Gao Baorong">Gao Baorong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Baoxu" title="Gao Baoxu">Gao Baoxu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Jichong" title="Gao Jichong">Gao Jichong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ma_Chu" title="Ma Chu">Chu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Yin" title="Ma Yin">Ma Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xisheng" title="Ma Xisheng">Ma Xisheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xifan" title="Ma Xifan">Ma Xifan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xiguang" title="Ma Xiguang">Ma Xiguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xi%27e" title="Ma Xi'e">Ma Xi'e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xichong" title="Ma Xichong">Ma Xichong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Han" title="Southern Han">Southern Han</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yan_(Southern_Han)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Yan (Southern Han)">Liu Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Bin_(Southern_Han)" title="Liu Bin (Southern Han)">Liu Bin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Sheng_(Southern_Han)" title="Liu Sheng (Southern Han)">Liu Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chang_(Southern_Han)" title="Liu Chang (Southern Han)">Liu Chang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yang_Wu" title="Yang Wu">Wu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Xingmi" title="Yang Xingmi">Yang Xingmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Wo" title="Yang Wo">Yang Wo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Longyan" title="Yang Longyan">Yang Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Pu" title="Yang Pu">Yang Pu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Bian" title="Li Bian">Li Bian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jing_(Southern_Tang)" title="Li Jing (Southern Tang)">Li Jing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)" title="Li Yu (Southern Tang)">Li Yu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Min_(Ten_Kingdoms)" title="Min (Ten Kingdoms)">Min</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chao_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Wang Chao (Tang dynasty)">Wang Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Shenzhi" title="Wang Shenzhi">Wang Shenzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanhan" title="Wang Yanhan">Wang Yanhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanjun" title="Wang Yanjun">Wang Yanjun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jipeng" title="Wang Jipeng">Wang Jipeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanxi" title="Wang Yanxi">Wang Yanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Wenjin" title="Zhu Wenjin">Zhu Wenjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yin_(Five_Dynasties_period)" title="Yin (Five Dynasties period)">Yin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanzheng" title="Wang Yanzheng">Wang Yanzheng</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Wuyue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Liu" title="Qian Liu">Qian Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Yuanguan" title="Qian Yuanguan">Qian Yuanguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Hongzuo" title="Qian Hongzuo">Qian Hongzuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Hongzong" title="Qian Hongzong">Qian Hongzong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Chu" title="Qian Chu">Qian Chu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Xia" title="Template:Kings of Xia">Xia</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Shang" title="Template:Kings of Shang">Shang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Zhou" title="Template:Kings of Zhou">Zhou</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Qin" title="Template:Monarchs of Qin">Qin</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Han_emperors" title="Template:Han emperors">Han</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Three_Kingdoms_emperors" title="Template:Three Kingdoms emperors">3 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_emperors_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Template:Jin emperors (266–420)">Jìn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Sixteen_Kingdoms_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Sixteen Kingdoms rulers">16 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_dynasties_emperors" title="Template:Southern dynasties emperors">S. Dynasties</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_dynasties_emperors" title="Template:Northern dynasties emperors">N. Dynasties</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Sui_emperors" title="Template:Sui emperors">Sui</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Tang_emperors" title="Template:Tang emperors">Tang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_rulers" title="Template:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms rulers">5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Liao_emperors" title="Template:Liao emperors">Liao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Song_emperors" title="Template:Song emperors">Song</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Western_Xia_emperors" title="Template:Western Xia emperors">W. Xia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_emperors_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Template:Jin emperors (1115–1234)">Jīn</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Yuan_emperors" title="Template:Yuan emperors">Yuan</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Ming_emperors" title="Template:Ming emperors">Ming</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Qing_emperors" title="Template:Qing emperors">Qing</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Presidents of the Republic of China">ROC</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Paramount_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Paramount leaders of the People's Republic of China">PRC</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Youzhen&oldid=1192387416">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Youzhen&oldid=1192387416</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:888_births" title="Category:888 births">888 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:923_deaths" title="Category:923 deaths">923 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)_emperors" title="Category:Later Liang (Five Dynasties) emperors">Later Liang (Five Dynasties) emperors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)_generals" title="Category:Later Liang (Five Dynasties) generals">Later Liang (Five Dynasties) generals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mayors_of_Kaifeng" title="Category:Mayors of Kaifeng">Mayors of Kaifeng</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:10th-century_Chinese_monarchs" title="Category:10th-century Chinese monarchs">10th-century Chinese monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Kaifeng" title="Category:Politicians from Kaifeng">Politicians from Kaifeng</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Suicides_by_sharp_instrument_in_China" title="Category:Suicides by sharp instrument in China">Suicides by sharp instrument in China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Generals_from_Henan" title="Category:Generals from Henan">Generals from Henan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 December 2023, at 02:01<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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