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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kurdish aims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kurdish_aims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Timeline subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_revolt_(1914)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_revolt_(1914)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Initial revolt (1914)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_revolt_(1914)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uprising_in_Botan_(1915–1916)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uprising_in_Botan_(1915–1916)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Uprising in Botan (1915–1916)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uprising_in_Botan_(1915–1916)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uprising_in_Dersim,_Ottoman_deportations_(1916)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uprising_in_Dersim,_Ottoman_deportations_(1916)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Uprising in Dersim, Ottoman deportations (1916)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uprising_in_Dersim,_Ottoman_deportations_(1916)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kurds_threaten_the_Ottoman_rear_(1916)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kurds_threaten_the_Ottoman_rear_(1916)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Kurds threaten the Ottoman rear (1916)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kurds_threaten_the_Ottoman_rear_(1916)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uprisings_in_Botan,_Dersim,_and_Kharput_(Summer_1917)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uprisings_in_Botan,_Dersim,_and_Kharput_(Summer_1917)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Uprisings in Botan, Dersim, and Kharput (Summer 1917)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uprisings_in_Botan,_Dersim,_and_Kharput_(Summer_1917)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uprisings_in_Mardin,_Diyarbekir,_Bitlis,_Russian_involvement_(August_1917)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uprisings_in_Mardin,_Diyarbekir,_Bitlis,_Russian_involvement_(August_1917)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Uprisings in Mardin, Diyarbekir, Bitlis, Russian involvement (August 1917)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uprisings_in_Mardin,_Diyarbekir,_Bitlis,_Russian_involvement_(August_1917)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mahmud_Barzanji_establishes_a_Kurdish_state_(1918)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mahmud_Barzanji_establishes_a_Kurdish_state_(1918)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Mahmud Barzanji establishes a Kurdish state (1918)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mahmud_Barzanji_establishes_a_Kurdish_state_(1918)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Passive_resistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Passive_resistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Passive resistance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Passive_resistance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Passive resistance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Passive_resistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kurdish_civilian_support_for_Russian_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kurdish_civilian_support_for_Russian_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Kurdish civilian support for Russian forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kurdish_civilian_support_for_Russian_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kurdish_civilian_opposition_to_the_Armenian_genocide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kurdish_civilian_opposition_to_the_Armenian_genocide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Kurdish civilian opposition to the Armenian genocide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kurdish_civilian_opposition_to_the_Armenian_genocide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kurdish_resistance_to_Ottoman_recruitment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kurdish_resistance_to_Ottoman_recruitment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Kurdish resistance to Ottoman recruitment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kurdish_resistance_to_Ottoman_recruitment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Casualties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Casualties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civilian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civilian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Civilian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civilian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kurds_gain_concessions_(1919-1920)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kurds_gain_concessions_(1919-1920)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Kurds gain concessions (1919-1920)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kurds_gain_concessions_(1919-1920)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koçgiri_rebellion_(1921)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koçgiri_rebellion_(1921)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Koçgiri rebellion (1921)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koçgiri_rebellion_(1921)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concessions_abandoned_(1923)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concessions_abandoned_(1923)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Concessions abandoned (1923)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concessions_abandoned_(1923)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_Lausanne_(1923-present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_Lausanne_(1923-present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>After Lausanne (1923-present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_Lausanne_(1923-present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Dünya Savaşı'nda Kürt isyanları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Kürt isyanları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%81%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="پہلی جنگ عظيم کے دوران کرد بغاوتیں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پہلی جنگ عظيم کے دوران کرد بغاوتیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q85775124#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rebellions_during_World_War_I" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Kurdish_rebellions_during_World_War_I" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rebellions_during_World_War_I"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdish_rebellions_during_World_War_I&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
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class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Kurdish rebellions during World War I</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern theater</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output 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div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap" style="width:335px;float:right;clear:right"><div style="width:335px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:335px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kurdish rebellions during World War I is located in West and Central Asia"><img alt="Kurdish rebellions during World War I is located in West and Central Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg/335px-West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="335" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg/503px-West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg/670px-West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5948" data-file-height="3836" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.544%;left:35.115%;font-size:0%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dersim"><img alt="Dersim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="l0">Dersim</div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.616%;left:39.213%;font-size:0%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Botan"><img alt="Botan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="l0">Botan</div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.317%;left:35.617%;font-size:0%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nazımiye"><img alt="Nazımiye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="l0">Nazımiye</div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.691%;left:35.276%;font-size:0%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mazght"><img alt="Mazght" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="l0">Mazght</div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.047%;left:34.847%;font-size:0%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pertek"><img alt="Pertek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="l0">Pertek</div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.059%;left:35.443%;font-size:0%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perri"><img alt="Perri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="l0">Perri</div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.495%;left:34.7%;font-size:0%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Elazığ"><img alt="Elazığ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="l0">Elazığ</div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.424%;left:34.735%;font-size:0%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kharput"><img alt="Kharput" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="l0">Kharput</div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.633%;left:36.973%;font-size:0%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mardin"><img alt="Mardin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="l0">Mardin</div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.22%;left:36.182%;font-size:0%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Diyarbekir"><img alt="Diyarbekir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="l0">Diyarbekir</div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.132%;left:39.097%;font-size:0%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bitlis"><img alt="Bitlis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="l0">Bitlis</div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.743%;left:44.176%;font-size:0%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sulaymaniyah"><img alt="Sulaymaniyah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="l0">Sulaymaniyah</div></div></div><div style="font-size:91%;padding-top:3px">Kurdish rebellions during World War I (West and Central Asia)</div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>August 1914 – October 1918</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Kurdistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Kurdistan">Northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Kurdistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Kurdistan">southern Kurdistan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> <b>De facto:</b> Establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_state_(1918-1919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish state (1918-1919)">quasi-independent Kurdish state</a> until 1919<br /><b>De jure:</b> Territorial concessions given to Kurds in 1920, reversed in 1923</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p>Various <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> tribes<br /><b>Limited support:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1917)</span> </p> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_state_(1918-1919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish state (1918-1919)">Kurdish state</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cevat_%C3%87obanl%C4%B1" title="Cevat Çobanlı">Cevat Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topal_Osman" title="Topal Osman">Topal Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_Pasha" title="Nureddin Pasha">Nureddin Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehib_Pasha" title="Wehib Pasha">Wehib Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Izzet_Pasha" title="Ahmed Izzet Pasha">Ahmed Izzet Pasha</a></li> <li>Galatalı Şevket Bey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djemal_Pasha" title="Djemal Pasha">Djemal Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_%C4%B0nan%C3%A7" title="Kâzım İnanç">Kâzım İnanç</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Barzanji" title="Mahmud Barzanji">Sheikh Mahmud</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eerif_Pasha" title="Şerif Pasha">Şerif Pasha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Yamulki" title="Mustafa Yamulki">Mustafa Pasha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Simko_Shikak" title="Simko Shikak">Simko Agha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Abdulkadir_Ubeydullah" title="Abdulkadir Ubeydullah">Abdulkadir Ubeydullah</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Askari" title="Ja'far al-Askari">Jafar Pasha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ali%C5%9Fer" title="Alişer">Alişir Efendî</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Emin_Ali_Bedir_Khan" title="Emin Ali Bedir Khan">Emin Ali</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Salam_Barzani" title="Abd al-Salam Barzani">Abd al-Salam Barzani</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a></span> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Unknown</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> Several villages burned, destroyed or looted<br />Large populations of Kurds displaced</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Kurdish_people" title="Category:Kurdish people">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kurds" title="History of the Kurds">Kurdish history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_culture" title="Kurdish culture">Kurdish culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roj_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Roj_emblem.svg/150px-Roj_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Roj_emblem.svg/225px-Roj_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Roj_emblem.svg/300px-Roj_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">People</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kurds" title="List of Kurds">List of Kurds</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_population" title="Kurdish population">Population</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><b>Homeland</b></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_Kurdistan" title="Turkish Kurdistan">Northern Kurdistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kurdistan" title="Iranian Kurdistan">Eastern Kurdistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Southern Kurdistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syrian_Kurdistan" title="Syrian Kurdistan">Western Kurdistan</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish diaspora">Diaspora</a></b></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Belgium" title="Kurds in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Canadians" title="Kurdish Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Kurds" title="Caucasian Kurds">Caucasia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Armenia" title="Kurds in Armenia">Armenia</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Azerbaijan" title="Kurds in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Georgia" title="Kurds in Georgia">Georgia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Denmark" title="Kurds in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Finland" title="Kurds in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_France" title="Kurds in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Germany" title="Kurds in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Greece" title="Kurds in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Iraq" title="Kurds in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Iran" title="Kurds in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Jews_in_Israel" title="Kurdish Jews in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Japan" title="Kurds in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Jordan" title="Kurds in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Kazakhstan" title="Kurds in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Lebanon" title="Kurds in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_the_Netherlands" title="Kurds in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Norway" title="Kurds in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Palestine" title="Kurds in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Pakistan" title="Kurds in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Russia" title="Kurds in Russia">Russia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chechen_Kurds" title="Chechen Kurds">Chechnya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Syria" title="Kurds in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Sweden" title="Kurds in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Sudan" title="Kurds in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Turkmenistan" title="Kurds in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Turkey" title="Kurds in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Ukraine" title="Kurds in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Kurds in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Americans" title="Kurdish Americans">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kurds" title="History of the Kurds">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Kurdish_uprisings" title="Timeline of Kurdish uprisings">Timeline of Kurdish uprisings</a></li></ul> <p><b>Ancient</b><br /> </p> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Karduchian dynasties</span></dt> <dd><br /><a href="/wiki/Corduene" class="mw-redirect" title="Corduene">Corduene</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zabdicene" title="Zabdicene">Zabdicene</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cyrtians" title="Cyrtians">Cyrtians</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Moxoene" title="Moxoene">Moxoene</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Kayus" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Kayus">Kayusids</a></li></ul> <p><b>Medieval</b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahrizor" title="Shahrizor">Shahrizor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Jafar_Dasni" title="Mir Jafar Dasni">Mir Jafar Dasni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aishanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Aishanids">Aishanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisam" class="mw-redirect" title="Daisam">Daisam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaddadids" title="Shaddadids">Shaddadids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawadid_dynasty" title="Rawadid dynasty">Rawadids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanwayhids" title="Hasanwayhids">Hasanwayhids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annazids" title="Annazids">Annazids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwanids_(Diyar_Bakr)" title="Marwanids (Diyar Bakr)">Marwanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadhabani" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadhabani">Hadhabani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaraspids" title="Hazaraspids">Hazaraspids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bitlis" title="Principality of Bitlis">Badlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardalan" title="Ardalan">Ardalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahdinan" title="Bahdinan">Badinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soran_Emirate" title="Soran Emirate">Soran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokryan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mokryan">Mokryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baban" title="Baban">Baban</a></li></ul> <p><b>Modern</b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistansky_Uyezd" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistansky Uyezd">Kurdistansky Uyezd</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kurdish rebellions during World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simko_Shikak_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Simko Shikak revolt">Simko Shikak revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%A7giri_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Koçgiri Rebellion">Koçgiri Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ararat_rebellion" title="Ararat rebellion">Ararat rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dersim_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dersim Rebellion">Dersim Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kurdistan" title="Kingdom of Kurdistan">Kingdom of Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Republic_of_Ararat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish Republic of Ararat">Kurdish Republic of Ararat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mahabad" title="Republic of Mahabad">Republic of Mahabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Anfal_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Anfal campaign">Al-Anfal campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Republic_of_Lachin" title="Kurdish Republic of Lachin">Kurdish Republic of Lachin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kurdistan" title="Iranian Kurdistan">Iranian Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Kurdistan" title="Turkish Kurdistan">Turkish Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Kurdistan" title="Syrian Kurdistan">Syrian Kurdistan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_culture" title="Kurdish culture">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newroz_as_celebrated_by_Kurds" title="Newroz as celebrated by Kurds">Celebrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_dance" title="Kurdish dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kurdistan" title="Flag of Kurdistan">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_mythology" title="Kurdish mythology">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kurdish_historical_sites" title="List of Kurdish historical sites">Historical sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_literature" title="Kurdish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_music" title="Kurdish music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kurdish_organisations" title="List of Kurdish organisations">Organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kurdish_philosophers" title="List of Kurdish philosophers">Philosophers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Languages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Kurmanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">Sorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kurdish" title="Southern Kurdish">Xwarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaza_language" title="Zaza language">Zaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laki_language" title="Laki language">Laki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorani_language_(Zaza-Gorani)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorani language (Zaza-Gorani)">Gorani</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kurdistan" title="Religion in Kurdistan">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_among_Kurds" title="Spread of Islam among Kurds">Spread</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish Jews">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabakism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabakism">Shabakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd%C3%A2nism" title="Yazdânism">Yazdânism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kurds" title="Template:Kurds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kurds" title="Template talk:Kurds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kurds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kurds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, several <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> rebellions took place within the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. The rebellions were preceded by the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Early_Kurdish_nationalism" title="Early Kurdish nationalism">early Kurdish nationalism</a> and Kurdish revolts in Bitlis in 1907 and early 1914. The primary Kurdish war aim was the creation of an independent Kurdish state, a goal that Britain and Russia promised to fulfil in order to incite Kurdish resistance. Other reasons for resistance include a fear that they would suffer the same <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">fate as the Armenians</a>, the desire for more autonomy, and according to Ottoman sources, banditry. </p><p>The first Kurdish rebellion was launched in August 1914, before the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Ottoman entry into World War I">Ottoman entry into World War I</a>. From 1915 to 1916, further Kurdish rebellions took place in Botan, Dersim, and south of <a href="/wiki/Ki%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Kiğı">Kiğı</a>. 1917 saw 2 additional waves of rebellion in summer and August, the latter of which received Russian military support. Besides direct military opposition, Kurdish civilians also partook in passive resistance by assisting advancing Russian forces, hiding or adopting Armenian refugees during the genocide, and resisting Ottoman military drafts. Shortly before the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Mudros" title="Armistice of Mudros">Armistice of Mudros</a> in October 1918, <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Barzanji" title="Mahmud Barzanji">Mahmud Barzanji</a> broke away from the Ottoman Empire and established a <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_state_(1918-1919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish state (1918-1919)">quasi-independent Kurdish state under British supervision</a>. </p><p>British wartime promises of an independent Kurdistan were included in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a> (1920), which assigned a small amount of territory for a planned Kurdish state, but these plans were abandoned with the Turkish nationalist victory in the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a> and the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a> (1923). <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rebellions_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish rebellions in Turkey">Kurdish rebellions in Turkey</a> continued after 1923 and are still ongoing in the present day. </p><p>Several villages were looted, burned or destroyed by both the Kurdish rebels and the Ottoman authorities. In reprisal to the rebellions, Ottoman authorities deported large populations of Kurds. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kurds#Ottoman_period" title="History of the Kurds">History of the Kurds § Ottoman period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Early_Kurdish_nationalism#Prior_to_1914" title="Early Kurdish nationalism">Early Kurdish nationalism § Prior to 1914</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bitlis_uprising_(1907)" title="Bitlis uprising (1907)">Bitlis uprising (1907)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bitlis_uprising_(1914)" title="Bitlis uprising (1914)">Bitlis uprising (1914)</a></div><p>The rebellions were preceded by the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Early_Kurdish_nationalism" title="Early Kurdish nationalism">early Kurdish nationalism</a> and Kurdish revolts in Bitlis in 1907 and early 1914. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kurdish_aims">Kurdish aims</h2></div> <p>The Kurds hoped that the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies of World War I</a> would aid them in <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_nationalism" title="Kurdish nationalism">creating an independent Kurdish nation</a> if they were to fight against the Ottomans.<sup id="cite_ref-:53_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:53-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, Britain<sup id="cite_ref-:6_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Russia<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> promised to support Kurdish independence to encourage resistance. As the war progressed, the advance of Russian troops into the Eastern Anatolian hinterland with an idea of the "Liberation of Armenia" gradually turned (for a while) into an unspoken "Liberation of Kurdistan".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other reasons for resistance include a fear that they would suffer the same <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">fate as the Armenians</a>, as well as increasing autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ottoman staff officer Barhan Ozkok, writing in 1932, attributes Kurdish resistance to a desire for independence as well as banditry.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2022 article by Turkish academic Erhan Taş contests claims that Kurdish resistance (specifically the 1916 Dersim revolt) was driven by nationalism or a desire for independence, as these are not backed by contemporary war documents and based on statements by authors writing in later decades.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_revolt_(1914)"><span id="Initial_revolt_.281914.29"></span>Initial revolt (1914)</h3></div> <p>The first Kurdish rebellion during World War I took place prior to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Ottoman entry into World War I">Ottoman entry into World War I</a>. In August 1914, the nephew of the mayor of Dersim was killed by a member of the Ferhatuşağı tribe, and in response to Ottoman reprisals the Ferhatuşağı tribe rebelled. The Ferhatuşağı were joined by the Karaballı, Lower Abbas, Abbasuşağı and Koçuşağı tribes. The murder of the chieftain of the Ferhatuşağı tribe ended the rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uprising_in_Botan_(1915–1916)"><span id="Uprising_in_Botan_.281915.E2.80.931916.29"></span>Uprising in Botan (1915–1916)</h3></div> <p>In spring 1915, a Kurdish revolt broke out in Botan.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revolt drove out the Ottoman troops entirely and as a result, the locals would govern the region for over a year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1994122_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmad1994122-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uprising_in_Dersim,_Ottoman_deportations_(1916)"><span id="Uprising_in_Dersim.2C_Ottoman_deportations_.281916.29"></span>Uprising in Dersim, Ottoman deportations (1916)</h3></div> <p>The <b>Dersim uprising of 1916<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> was an <a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevi</a> <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> uprising<sup id="cite_ref-Kieser2007_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kieser2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led by Ali Ağa<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the region of <a href="/wiki/Dersim" class="mw-redirect" title="Dersim">Dersim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kieser2007_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kieser2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its causes laid in the Kurdish fear that they would suffer the same <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">fate as the Armenians</a>, as well as the desire to remove the state control in Dersim.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This revolt was encouraged by Russian emissaries, who had promised to local chieftains that Dersim would be given independence after Russian occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The uprising began in early March 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurdish rebels occupied and destroyed the towns of <a href="/wiki/Naz%C4%B1miye" title="Nazımiye">Nazimiye</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazght&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazght (page does not exist)">Mazght</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pertek" title="Pertek">Pertek</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charsandjak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charsandjak (page does not exist)">Charsandjak</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kieser2007_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kieser2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then marched towards the residence of the province governor (vali), Mamuretülaziz (modern day <a href="/wiki/Elaz%C4%B1%C4%9F" title="Elazığ">Elazığ</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Kieser2001_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kieser2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kieser2007_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kieser2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Kurds advanced, they captured many weapons from Turkish soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turkish officials in Mezere and Harput felt extremely threatened by the Kurdish revolt, since the Russians at the time occupied the area between <a href="/wiki/Erzurum" title="Erzurum">Erzurum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erzincan" title="Erzincan">Erzincan</a> which adjoined Dersim to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ottoman army would likely to be incapable of resisting a coordinated Kurdish-Russian advance on <a href="/wiki/Harpoot" title="Harpoot">Harput</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading the Muslim population of that settlement to make preparations to escape.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the Kurdish rebellion, Ottoman authorities launched an operation to clear Dersim from Kurdish rebels on 1 April.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Involved in this operation was the Ottoman 13th division, led by Galatalı Şevket Bey.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This division included a contingent of troops led by Hasan Khayri Bey,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Shafi%E2%80%98i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi‘i">Shafi’i</a> <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kieser2007_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kieser2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the day following the start of the operation, Kurdish rebels launched an unsuccessful counterattack on <a href="/wiki/Pertek" title="Pertek">Pertek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurdish rebels were defeated at <a href="/wiki/Kayac%C4%B1,_Mazgirt" title="Kayacı, Mazgirt">Kayacı, Mazgirt</a> (13 April) and Şimaligarbî (16 April).<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 16 April, the rebels had been reduced to an area between Nazimiye and the Ohi stream.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 April, after defeating 500 rebels in the area, Ottoman troops looted <a href="/wiki/Kavaktepe,_Mazgirt" title="Kavaktepe, Mazgirt">Kavaktepe</a> and the surrounding villages.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day, they burned down the village of Lemit.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Ottoman troops advanced, they clashed with Kurds at Şeyhin, Kopik (22 April), Gökerik Hill, Sinevartaşı (23 April),<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Zelbaba Hill (28 April).<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 2 May, the Kurdish rebels surrendered.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operation had concluded with the defeat of the rebels, who had suffered heavy casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the situation now having come under Ottoman control, the preparations of the Muslim civilians of Harput to escape had been rendered obsolete.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the defeat of the uprising, entire populations of the responsible tribes were <a href="/wiki/Deportations_of_Kurds_(1916%E2%80%931934)" title="Deportations of Kurds (1916–1934)">deported from Dersim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kieser2001_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kieser2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kurds_threaten_the_Ottoman_rear_(1916)"><span id="Kurds_threaten_the_Ottoman_rear_.281916.29"></span>Kurds threaten the Ottoman rear (1916)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmed_Izzet_Pasha_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ahmed_Izzet_Pasha_1913.jpg/125px-Ahmed_Izzet_Pasha_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ahmed_Izzet_Pasha_1913.jpg/187px-Ahmed_Izzet_Pasha_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ahmed_Izzet_Pasha_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Izzet_Pasha" title="Ahmed Izzet Pasha">Ahmed Izzet Pasha</a>, c. 1913</figcaption></figure> <p>By late 1916, the Ottomans had suffered severe defeats at the hands of the Russians, having suffered a particularly severe defeat at <a href="/wiki/Bing%C3%B6l" title="Bingöl">Bingöl</a>. This led the Kurds to once again rise up against Ottoman authorities. Ottoman convoys in Dersim were attacked and isolated units slaughtered. From September to October 1916, Kurdish rebel efforts turned the situation of the Ottoman rear south of <a href="/wiki/Ki%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Kiğı">Kiğı</a> into one of "insecurity and disorder".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October, the Kurdish rebellion, alongside other factors, led Ottoman general <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Izzet_Pasha" title="Ahmed Izzet Pasha">Ahmed Izzet Pasha</a> to withdraw troops from the front, which then suppressed the rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uprisings_in_Botan,_Dersim,_and_Kharput_(Summer_1917)"><span id="Uprisings_in_Botan.2C_Dersim.2C_and_Kharput_.28Summer_1917.29"></span>Uprisings in Botan, Dersim, and Kharput (Summer 1917)</h3></div> <p>In summer 1917, Kurdish rebellions took place in Botan, Dersim, and Kharput.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uprisings_in_Mardin,_Diyarbekir,_Bitlis,_Russian_involvement_(August_1917)"><span id="Uprisings_in_Mardin.2C_Diyarbekir.2C_Bitlis.2C_Russian_involvement_.28August_1917.29"></span>Uprisings in Mardin, Diyarbekir, Bitlis, Russian involvement (August 1917)</h3></div> <p>In early August 1917, Kurdish rebellions took place in Mardin and Diyarbekir,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1994123_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmad1994123-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by Bitlis.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the other Kurdish uprisings received no military support by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies of World War I</a>, the uprisings of August 1917 received limited Russian support.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mahmud_Barzanji_establishes_a_Kurdish_state_(1918)"><span id="Mahmud_Barzanji_establishes_a_Kurdish_state_.281918.29"></span>Mahmud Barzanji establishes a Kurdish state (1918)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_state_(1918-1919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish state (1918-1919)">Kurdish state (1918-1919)</a></div> <p>With the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in October 1918, <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Barzanji" title="Mahmud Barzanji">Mahmud Barzanji</a> sought to break away from the Ottomans and create an autonomous southern Kurdistan under British supervision. He was elected as the head of government by a council of Kurdish notables in the Sulaimaniya region, and as soon as the British captured <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk" title="Kirkuk">Kirkuk</a> (25 October 1918<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) he captured Ottoman troops present in his district and declared the end of Ottoman rule, declaring allegiance to Britain. Other Kurdish regions followed suit, such as Rania and Keuisenjaq.<b><sup id="cite_ref-:52_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> This resulted in the creation of a quasi-independent <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_state_(1918-1919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish state (1918-1919)">Kurdish state</a>, which lasted until it was it was dissolved by Britain in June 1919, following <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Barzanji_revolts" title="Mahmud Barzanji revolts">a rebellion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Passive_resistance">Passive resistance</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kurdish_civilian_support_for_Russian_forces">Kurdish civilian support for Russian forces</h3></div> <p>On 2 August 1916, the Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Second Army (Ottoman Empire)">Second Army</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Izzet_Pasha" title="Ahmed Izzet Pasha">Ahmed Izzet Pasha</a> began an offensive to recapture Malazgirt from Russia. Russia responded by rushing experienced mountain units to stem Ottoman attacks. Kurdish civilians hostile to the Ottoman Empire helped Russian forces find uncharted tracks across the mountains. The Ottoman offensive came to a halt in early September and finished on 26 September 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kurdish_civilian_opposition_to_the_Armenian_genocide">Kurdish civilian opposition to the Armenian genocide</h3></div> <p>During the Armenian genocide, some Kurdish civilians hid or adopted Armenian refugees.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kurdish_resistance_to_Ottoman_recruitment">Kurdish resistance to Ottoman recruitment</h3></div> <p>Although tens of thousands of Kurds served for the Ottoman army during World War I, recruitment attempts were not always successful. In Diyarbekir and Bitlis, only a tiny portion of Kurdish tribesmen subscribed to the <i><a href="/wiki/Hamidiye_(cavalry)" title="Hamidiye (cavalry)">Hamidiye</a></i>, while, for instance, in Dersim, everybody refused to join. Lack of military enthusiasm was commonly noticed among the Kurds in the Ottoman Army, with Kurdish forces frequently showing contempt for orders and avoidance of responsibility. Ottoman leadership often distrusted Kurds, and deliberately equipped them with an insufficient amount of outmoded armaments and ammunition. Kurdish desertions were common, and almost no Kurdish soldiers remained in the Ottoman Army by the end of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casualties">Casualties</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <p>Ottoman staff officer Barhan Ozkok, writing in 1932, states that Kurdish rebels suffered 300 killed and 200 captured in a battle on 28 April 1916 during the Dersim revolt. He further mentions 100 Kurdish soldiers being killed on 1–2 May. He does not provide figures for the entire 1916 Dersim rebellion, nor does he provide figures on Ottoman losses.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yakup Kaya writes that Kurdish forces had suffered heavy casualties during the 1916 Dersim revolt.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civilian">Civilian</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deportations_of_Kurds" class="mw-redirect" title="Deportations of Kurds">Deportations of Kurds</a></div> <p>During the 1916 Dersim rebellion, Kurdish rebels destroyed the villages of <a href="/wiki/Naz%C4%B1miye" title="Nazımiye">Nazimiye</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazght&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazght (page does not exist)">Mazght</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pertek" title="Pertek">Pertek</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charsandjak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charsandjak (page does not exist)">Charsandjak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kieser2007_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kieser2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ottoman forces responded to the rebellion by looting <a href="/wiki/Kavaktepe,_Mazgirt" title="Kavaktepe, Mazgirt">Kavaktepe</a> and the surrounding villages. They also burned down the village of Lemit.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to Kurdish rebellions, Ottoman authorities carried out deportations against Kurdish civilians. Most sources suggest that as many as 700,000 Kurds were deported during World War I, although there are no reliable statistics.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Safrastian (1945) estimates that half of these deported Kurds died.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Üngör (2009) writes that "it would require a separate study to calculate meticulously how many were deported".<sup id="cite_ref-:03_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kurds_gain_concessions_(1919-1920)"><span id="Kurds_gain_concessions_.281919-1920.29"></span>Kurds gain concessions (1919-1920)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurdistan1920.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Kurdistan1920.png/200px-Kurdistan1920.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Kurdistan1920.png/300px-Kurdistan1920.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Kurdistan1920.png/400px-Kurdistan1920.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="658" /></a><figcaption>Provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a> for an independent Kurdistan (in 1920).</figcaption></figure> <p>The Kurds submitted their claim for independence to the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">Paris Peace Conference</a> in 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (January 2021)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> region, including <a href="/wiki/Mosul_Province,_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosul Province, Ottoman Empire">Mosul Province</a>, was scheduled to have a referendum to decide its fate. </p><p> There was no general agreement among Kurds on what the borders of Kurdistan should be because of the disparity between the areas of Kurdish settlement and the political and administrative boundaries of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖzoğlu200438_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖzoğlu200438-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The outlines of Kurdistan as an entity had been proposed in 1919 by <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eerif_Pasha" title="Şerif Pasha">Şerif Pasha</a>, who represented the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Elevation_of_Kurdistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Society for the Elevation of Kurdistan">Society for the Elevation of Kurdistan</a> (<i>Kürdistan Teali Cemiyeti</i>) at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">Paris Peace Conference</a>. He defined the region's boundaries as follows:</p><blockquote><p>The frontiers of Turkish Kurdistan, from an ethnographical point of view, begin in the north at <a href="/wiki/Sar%C4%B1kam%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Sarıkamış">Ziven</a>, on the Caucasian frontier, and continue westwards to <a href="/wiki/Erzurum" title="Erzurum">Erzurum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erzincan" title="Erzincan">Erzincan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kemah,_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemah, Turkey">Kemah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arapgir" title="Arapgir">Arapgir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Besni" title="Besni">Besni</a> and Divick (<a href="/wiki/Divri%C4%9Fi" title="Divriği">Divrik</a>?); in the south they follow the line from <a href="/wiki/Harran" title="Harran">Harran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Mountains" title="Sinjar Mountains">Sinjar Mountains</a>, Tel Asfar, <a href="/wiki/Erbil" title="Erbil">Erbil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulaymaniyah" title="Sulaymaniyah">Süleymaniye</a>, Akk-el-man, <a href="/wiki/Sinne" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinne">Sinne</a>; in the east, Ravandiz, <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkale" title="Başkale">Başkale</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vezirkale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vezirkale (page does not exist)">Vezirkale</a>, that is to say the frontier of <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> as far as <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ararat" title="Mount Ararat">Mount Ararat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>That caused controversy among other Kurdish nationalists, as it excluded the <a href="/wiki/Van_Province" title="Van Province">Van Region</a> (possibly as a sop to <a href="/wiki/Armenian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian people">Armenian</a> claims to that region). <a href="/wiki/Emin_Ali_Bedir_Khan" title="Emin Ali Bedir Khan">Emin Ali Bedir Khan</a> proposed an alternative map that included Van and an outlet to the sea via what is now Turkey's <a href="/wiki/Hatay_Province" title="Hatay Province">Hatay Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖzoğlu200440_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖzoğlu200440-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amid a joint declaration by Kurdish and Armenian delegations, Kurdish claims concerning <a href="/wiki/Erzurum_vilayet" title="Erzurum vilayet">Erzurum vilayet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sasun" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasun">Sassoun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sason" title="Sason">Sason</a>) were dropped, but arguments for sovereignty over Ağrı and Muş remained.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Neither proposal was endorsed by the treaty of Sèvres, which outlined a truncated Kurdistan on what is now Turkish territory (leaving out the Kurds of Iran, British-controlled <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Iraq" title="Mandatory Iraq">Iraq</a> and French-controlled <a href="/wiki/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">Syria</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koçgiri_rebellion_(1921)"><span id="Ko.C3.A7giri_rebellion_.281921.29"></span>Koçgiri rebellion (1921)</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:183px;max-width:183px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:124px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seyyid_Abdulkadir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Seyyid_Abdulkadir.jpg/181px-Seyyid_Abdulkadir.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Seyyid_Abdulkadir.jpg/272px-Seyyid_Abdulkadir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Seyyid_Abdulkadir.jpg/362px-Seyyid_Abdulkadir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="371" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:155px;max-width:155px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:124px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuri_Dersimi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nuri_Dersimi.jpg/153px-Nuri_Dersimi.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nuri_Dersimi.jpg/230px-Nuri_Dersimi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nuri_Dersimi.jpg/306px-Nuri_Dersimi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="457" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a> was supported by <a href="/wiki/Abdulkadir_Ubeydullah" title="Abdulkadir Ubeydullah">Abdulkadir Ubeydullah</a> (left) and opposed by <a href="/wiki/Nuri_Dersimi" title="Nuri Dersimi">Nuri Dersimi</a> (right), the latter of which would participate in the <a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%A7giri_rebellion" title="Koçgiri rebellion">Koçgiri rebellion</a>.</div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a> (19 May 1919 – 24 July 1923) was fought between the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_National_Movement" title="Turkish National Movement">Turkish National Movement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied powers</a>—namely <a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greece in the West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Turkish–Armenian War">Armenia on the East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">France on the South</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revolts_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Revolts during the Turkish War of Independence">royalists and the separatists in various cities</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Constantinople">United Kingdom and Italy in Constantinople (now Istanbul)</a>—after parts of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> were <a href="/wiki/Partitioning_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire">occupied and partitioned</a> following the Ottomans' defeat in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Encarta_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encarta-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-History.com_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History.com-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this war, Kurdish rebels fought against the Ankara government in the <a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%A7giri_rebellion" title="Koçgiri rebellion">Koçgiri rebellion</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a> was signed the Kurds began to feel more trustful that they were able to reach at least some sort of an autonomous government for themselves. <a href="/wiki/Abdulkadir_Ubeydullah" title="Abdulkadir Ubeydullah">Abdulkadir Ubeydullah</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ubeydullah" title="Sheikh Ubeydullah">Sheikh Ubeydullah</a> and the president of the SAK,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖzoğlu200488–91_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖzoğlu200488–91-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> supported the idea of a Kurdish autonomy within Turkey. But <a href="/wiki/Nuri_Dersimi" title="Nuri Dersimi">Nuri Dersimi</a> and Mustafa Pasha wanted more than autonomy, they wanted to establish an independent Kurdistan according to article 64 of the treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson198928–29_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson198928–29-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal</a> followed up on the events in the Dersim area and as it came to his knowledge that some of the Kurds were pursuing autonomy in line with the fourteen points announced by US president <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>, he answered that the plan of Wilson was worthless for the peoples in the eastern provinces and they should rather follow his Turkish nationalist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson198928–29_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson198928–29-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rebellion began in the overwhelmingly militant <a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%A7giri" class="mw-redirect" title="Koçgiri">Koçgiri</a> region in eastern present-day <a href="/wiki/Sivas_Province" title="Sivas Province">Sivas Province</a> in February 1921. The rebels were crushed by June 17, 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concessions_abandoned_(1923)"><span id="Concessions_abandoned_.281923.29"></span>Concessions abandoned (1923)</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey-Greece-Bulgaria_on_Treaty_of_Lausanne.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Turkey-Greece-Bulgaria_on_Treaty_of_Lausanne.png/239px-Turkey-Greece-Bulgaria_on_Treaty_of_Lausanne.png" decoding="async" width="239" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Turkey-Greece-Bulgaria_on_Treaty_of_Lausanne.png/359px-Turkey-Greece-Bulgaria_on_Treaty_of_Lausanne.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Turkey-Greece-Bulgaria_on_Treaty_of_Lausanne.png/478px-Turkey-Greece-Bulgaria_on_Treaty_of_Lausanne.png 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption>Borders of Turkey set by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>After Turkish nationalist victories in the <a href="/wiki/Turkish%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Turkish–Armenian War">Turkish–Armenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish</a> fronts (often referred to as the Eastern Front, the Southern Front, and the Western Front of the Turkish War of Independence, respectively), the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a> was abandoned and new treaties were signed. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne_(1923)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Lausanne (1923)">Treaty of Lausanne (1923)</a> failed to mention the Kurds.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_Lausanne_(1923-present)"><span id="After_Lausanne_.281923-present.29"></span>After Lausanne (1923-present)</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rebellions_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish rebellions in Turkey">Kurdish rebellions in Turkey</a> continued after the Treaty of Lausanne. In the 1920s and 1930s, there were the <a href="/wiki/Beyt%C3%BC%C5%9F%C5%9Febab_rebellion" title="Beytüşşebab rebellion">Beytüşşebab rebellion</a> (1924), <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Said_rebellion" title="Sheikh Said rebellion">Sheikh Said rebellion</a> (1925), <a href="/wiki/Ararat_rebellion" title="Ararat rebellion">Ararat rebellion</a> (1927-1930), and the <a href="/wiki/Dersim_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dersim Rebellion">Dersim Rebellion</a> (1937-1938). <a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">The current phase of Kurdish-Turkish conflict</a> began in 1978. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dersim_uprisings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dersim uprisings (page does not exist)">Dersim uprisings</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dersim_ayaklanmalar%C4%B1" class="extiw" title="tr:Dersim ayaklanmaları">tr</a>]</span> (1897–1938)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZardykhan2006" class="citation journal cs1">Zardykhan, Zharmukhamed (2006). "Ottoman Kurds of the First World War Era: Reflections in Russian Sources". <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>42</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">67–</span>85. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263200500399561">10.1080/00263200500399561</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4284431">4284431</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145313196">145313196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=Ottoman+Kurds+of+the+First+World+War+Era%3A+Reflections+in+Russian+Sources&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E67-%3C%2Fspan%3E85&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145313196%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4284431%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263200500399561&rft.aulast=Zardykhan&rft.aufirst=Zharmukhamed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:53-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:53_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEskander" class="citation web cs1">Eskander, Saad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2625/1/U615574.pdf">"Britain's Policy Towards The Kurdish Question, 1915-1923"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>etheses.lse.ac.uk</i>. p. 45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=etheses.lse.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Britain%27s+Policy+Towards+The+Kurdish+Question%2C+1915-1923&rft.pages=45&rft.aulast=Eskander&rft.aufirst=Saad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetheses.lse.ac.uk%2F2625%2F1%2FU615574.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong2019" class="citation web cs1">Armstrong, Mick (28 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redflag.org.au/node/6935">"The Kurdish tragedy"</a>. <i>redflag.org.au</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200317051825/https://redflag.org.au/node/6935">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=redflag.org.au&rft.atitle=The+Kurdish+tragedy&rft.date=2019-10-28&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Mick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fredflag.org.au%2Fnode%2F6935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZardykhan2006" class="citation journal cs1">Zardykhan, Zharmukhamed (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4284431">"Ottoman Kurds of the First World War Era: Reflections in Russian Sources"</a>. <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>42</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">67–</span>85. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263200500399561">10.1080/00263200500399561</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3206">0026-3206</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4284431">4284431</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145313196">145313196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=Ottoman+Kurds+of+the+First+World+War+Era%3A+Reflections+in+Russian+Sources&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E67-%3C%2Fspan%3E85&rft.date=2006&rft.issn=0026-3206&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145313196%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4284431%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263200500399561&rft.aulast=Zardykhan&rft.aufirst=Zharmukhamed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4284431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloxham2005" class="citation book cs1">Bloxham, Donald (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatgameofgenoc00blox"><i>The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism, and the Destruction of the Ottoman Armenians</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatgameofgenoc00blox/page/108">108</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927356-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927356-0"><bdi>978-0-19-927356-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Game+of+Genocide%3A+Imperialism%2C+Nationalism%2C+and+the+Destruction+of+the+Ottoman+Armenians&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-927356-0&rft.aulast=Bloxham&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatgameofgenoc00blox&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOzkok1937" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ozkok, Burhan (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dersim.biz/html/ozkok.htm"><i>Osmanlilar Devrinde Dersim Isyanlari</i></a> (in Turkish). Askeri Matbaa.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Osmanlilar+Devrinde+Dersim+Isyanlari&rft.pub=Askeri+Matbaa&rft.date=1937&rft.aulast=Ozkok&rft.aufirst=Burhan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dersim.biz%2Fhtml%2Fozkok.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaş2022" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Taş, Erhan (2022-04-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/susbed/issue/69556/1028526">"Dersim Aşiretlerinin Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nda Osmanlı Devleti'ne Karşı Sergilediği Paradoksal Tavır Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme"</a>. <i>Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sel%C3%A7uk+%C3%9Cniversitesi+Sosyal+Bilimler+Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC+Dergisi&rft.atitle=Dersim+A%C5%9Firetlerinin+Birinci+D%C3%BCnya+Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1%27nda+Osmanl%C4%B1+Devleti%27ne+Kar%C5%9F%C4%B1+Sergiledi%C4%9Fi+Paradoksal+Tav%C4%B1r+%C3%9Czerine+Bir+De%C4%9Ferlendirme&rft.issue=47&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E278-%3C%2Fspan%3E293&rft.date=2022-04-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.52642%2Fsusbed.1028526&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A247185602%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ta%C5%9F&rft.aufirst=Erhan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdergipark.org.tr%2Fen%2Fpub%2Fsusbed%2Fissue%2F69556%2F1028526&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYılmazçelik" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yılmazçelik, İbrahim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/19/1664/17762.pdf">"Dersim Sancağının Kurulmasından Sonra Karşılaşılan Güçlükler ve Dersim Sancağı ile İlgili Bu Dönemde Yazılan Raporlar (1875-1918)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>dergiler.ankara.edu.tr</i> (in Turkish). p. 186.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dergiler.ankara.edu.tr&rft.atitle=Dersim+Sanca%C4%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1n+Kurulmas%C4%B1ndan+Sonra+Kar%C5%9F%C4%B1la%C5%9F%C4%B1lan+G%C3%BC%C3%A7l%C3%BCkler+ve+Dersim+Sanca%C4%9F%C4%B1+ile+%C4%B0lgili+Bu+D%C3%B6nemde+Yaz%C4%B1lan+Raporlar+%281875-1918%29&rft.pages=186&rft.aulast=Y%C4%B1lmaz%C3%A7elik&rft.aufirst=%C4%B0brahim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdergiler.ankara.edu.tr%2Fdergiler%2F19%2F1664%2F17762.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEskander" class="citation web cs1">Eskander, Saad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2625/1/U615574.pdf">"Britain's Policy Towards The Kurdish Question, 1915-1923"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>etheses.lse.ac.uk</i>. p. 45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=etheses.lse.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Britain%27s+Policy+Towards+The+Kurdish+Question%2C+1915-1923&rft.pages=45&rft.aulast=Eskander&rft.aufirst=Saad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetheses.lse.ac.uk%2F2625%2F1%2FU615574.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmad1994122-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1994122_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAhmad1994">Ahmad 1994</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKüçük2002" class="citation book cs1">Küçük, Hülya (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CEiIc85EJFYC"><i>The Role of the Bektās̲h̲īs in Turkey's National Struggle</i></a>. BRILL. p. 216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004124431" title="Special:BookSources/9789004124431"><bdi>9789004124431</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Role+of+the+Bekt%C4%81s%CC%B2h%CC%B2%C4%ABs+in+Turkey%27s+National+Struggle&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9789004124431&rft.aulast=K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk&rft.aufirst=H%C3%BClya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCEiIc85EJFYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kieser2007-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kieser2007_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kieser2007_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kieser2007_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kieser2007_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kieser2007_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kieser2007_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKieser2007" class="citation book cs1">Kieser, Hans-Lukas (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_62A00tLaygC&pg=PA41">"The Alevis' ambivalent encounter with modernity. 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Peter Lang. pp. <span class="nowrap">41–</span>57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-03911-289-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-03911-289-0"><bdi>978-3-03911-289-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Alevis%27+ambivalent+encounter+with+modernity.+Islam%2C+reform+and+ethnopolitics+in+late+Ottoman+and+early+Republican+Turkey&rft.btitle=The+Other+Shiites%3A+From+the+Mediterranean+to+Central+Asia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E41-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-03911-289-0&rft.aulast=Kieser&rft.aufirst=Hans-Lukas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_62A00tLaygC%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kieser2001-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kieser2001_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kieser2001_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKieser2001" class="citation journal cs1">Kieser, Hans-Lukas (1 January 2001). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=itobiad.com&rft.atitle=Osmanl%C4%B1+Devleti%27nden+T%C3%BCrkiye+Cumhuriyeti%27ne+Ge%C3%A7i%C5%9F+S%C3%BCrecinde+Dersim+Sorunu&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Kaya&rft.aufirst=Yakup&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itobiad.com%2Ftr%2Fdownload%2Farticle-file%2F235897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteJongerden2003" class="citation book cs1">White, Paul Joseph; Jongerden, Joost (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KoyS17tMtDkC"><i>Turkey's Alevi Enigma: A Comprehensive Overview</i></a>. BRILL. p. 183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004125384" title="Special:BookSources/9789004125384"><bdi>9789004125384</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey%27s+Alevi+Enigma%3A+A+Comprehensive+Overview&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9789004125384&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Paul+Joseph&rft.au=Jongerden%2C+Joost&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKoyS17tMtDkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllenMuratoff2011" class="citation book cs1">Allen, William Edward David; Muratoff, Paul (2011-02-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oDb6P0HXwIcC"><i>Caucasian Battlefields: A History of the Wars on the Turco-Caucasian Border 1828-1921</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 438. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01335-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01335-2"><bdi>978-1-108-01335-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caucasian+Battlefields%3A+A+History+of+the+Wars+on+the+Turco-Caucasian+Border+1828-1921&rft.pages=438&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.isbn=978-1-108-01335-2&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=William+Edward+David&rft.au=Muratoff%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoDb6P0HXwIcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErickson2001" class="citation book cs1">Erickson, Edward J. 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Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31516-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31516-9"><bdi>978-0-313-31516-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ordered+to+Die%3A+A+History+of+the+Ottoman+Army+in+the+First+World+War&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-313-31516-9&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXUlsP0YuI1AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmad1994123-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1994123_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAhmad1994">Ahmad 1994</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoberly1927" class="citation book cs1">Moberly, James (1927). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100049244985.0x00008a"><i>HISTORY OF THE GREAT WAR BASED ON OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS. 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policies—introduction", <i>Journal of Genocide Research</i>, <b>10</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">7–</span>14, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623520801950820">10.1080/14623520801950820</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:71515470">71515470</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Genocide+Research&rft.atitle=Late+Ottoman+genocides%3A+the+dissolution+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+and+Young+Turkish+population+and+extermination+policies%E2%80%94introduction&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E14&rft.date=2008-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14623520801950820&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A71515470%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Schaller&rft.aufirst=Dominik+J.&rft.au=Zimmerer%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÜngör2011" class="citation cs2">Üngör, Ugur Ümit (2011), <i>The making of modern Turkey : nation and state in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950</i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199603602" title="Special:BookSources/9780199603602"><bdi>9780199603602</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+making+of+modern+Turkey+%3A+nation+and+state+in+Eastern+Anatolia%2C+1913-1950&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780199603602&rft.aulast=%C3%9Cng%C3%B6r&rft.aufirst=Ugur+%C3%9Cmit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdish+rebellions+during+World+War+I" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/35552839/DERS%C4%B0M_TAR%C4%B0H%C4%B0NDEN_NOTLAR_1916_%C4%B0SYANI">DERSİM TARİHİNDEN NOTLAR: 1916 İSYANI</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/26px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/34px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="1906" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rebellions_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of rebellions in the Ottoman Empire">Rebellions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Rise <span style="font-size:85%;">(1299–1453)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Bedreddin_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Bedreddin rebellion">Sheikh Bedreddin rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1416–20)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Konstantin_and_Fruzhin" title="Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin">Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1404–18)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Skanderbeg's rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1443–68)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%A7uktepe_rebellion" title="Buçuktepe rebellion">Buçuktepe rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1446)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Age_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire">Classical Age <span style="font-size:85%;">(1453–1550)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eahkulu_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Şahkulu Rebellion">Şahkulu Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1511)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Ali_Halife_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur Ali Halife rebellion">Nur Ali Halife rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1512)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasir_al-Din_rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasir al-Din rebellion (page does not exist)">Nasir al-Din rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1518)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celali_rebellions" title="Celali rebellions">Celali rebellions</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1519)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1585_Ottoman_expedition_against_the_Druze" title="1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze">Expeditions against the Druze</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1523–1524)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Z%C3%BCnnun_Rebellion" title="Baba Zünnun Rebellion">Baba Zünnun Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1526)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalender_%C3%87elebi_rebellion" title="Kalender Çelebi rebellion">Kalender Çelebi rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1527)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transformation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Transformation of the Ottoman Empire">Transformation <span style="font-size:85%;">(1550–1700)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariovo_and_Prilep_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariovo and Prilep Rebellion">Mariovo and Prilep Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1564–65)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1585_Ottoman_expedition_against_the_Druze" title="1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze">Expedition against the Druze</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1565)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ottoman_revolts_of_1565%E2%80%931572" title="Anti-Ottoman revolts of 1565–1572">Revolts of 1565–1572</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1585_Ottoman_expedition_against_the_Druze" title="1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze">Expeditions against the Druze</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1574–1576)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bua_(tribe)" title="Bua (tribe)">Theodoros Boua Grivas revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1585)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1585_Ottoman_expedition_against_the_Druze" title="1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze">Expedition against the Druze</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1585)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cairo Rebellion (page does not exist)">Cairo Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1586)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beylerbeyi_Event" class="mw-redirect" title="Beylerbeyi Event">Beylerbeyi Event</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1589)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celali_rebellions" title="Celali rebellions">Celali rebellions</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1590–1610)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Banat" title="Uprising in Banat">Uprising in Banat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1594)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himara_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Himara Revolt">Himara Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1596)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_uprising_of_1596%E2%80%931597" title="Serb uprising of 1596–1597">Serb Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1596–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Tarnovo_Uprising" title="First Tarnovo Uprising">First Tarnovo Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1598)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessaly_Rebellion_(1600)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessaly Rebellion (1600)">Thessaly Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1600)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamluk_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamluk Rebellion (page does not exist)">Mamluk Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1609)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_revolt_of_1611" title="Epirus revolt of 1611">Epirus revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1611)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anjar" title="Battle of Anjar">Druze rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1623)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaza_rebellion" title="Abaza rebellion">Abaza rebellions</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1624, 1627)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_power_struggle_(1658%E2%80%931667)" title="Druze power struggle (1658–1667)">Druze rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1642)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmeydan%C4%B1_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmeydanı Incident">Atmeydanı Incident</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1648)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1nar_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Çınar Incident">Çınar Incident</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1656)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaza_Hasan_Pasha#Second_revolt" title="Abaza Hasan Pasha">Abaza Hasan Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1658–1659)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_power_struggle_(1658%E2%80%931667)" title="Druze power struggle (1658–1667)">Druze power struggle</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1658–1667)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Tarnovo_Uprising" title="Second Tarnovo Uprising">Second Tarnovo Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1686)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiprovtsi_uprising" title="Chiprovtsi uprising">Chiprovtsi uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1688)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karposh%27s_rebellion" title="Karposh's rebellion">Karposh's rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1689)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Old_Regime" title="Ottoman Old Regime">Old Regime <span style="font-size:85%;">(1700–1789)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edirne_event" class="mw-redirect" title="Edirne event">Edirne event</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1703)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zisis_Karademos" title="Zisis Karademos">Naousa uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1705)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Insurrection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Great Insurrection (page does not exist)">The Great Insurrection</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1707–11)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1711_Karamanli_coup" title="1711 Karamanli coup">Karamanli revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1711)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Vu%C4%8Ditrn" title="Uprising in Vučitrn">Uprising in Vučitrn</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1717)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrona_Halil_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrona Halil Rebellion">Patrona Halil Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1730)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_Uprising_of_1737%E2%80%9339" class="mw-redirect" title="Serb Uprising of 1737–39">Serb Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1737–39)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlov_revolt" title="Orlov revolt">Orlov Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1770)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Da%27s_frontier_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Koča's frontier rebellion">Koča's frontier rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1788)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripolitanian_civil_war" title="Tripolitanian civil war">Tripolitanian civil war</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1793–1795)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_modernization_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire">Decline <span style="font-size:85%;">(1789–1908)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dahije" title="Dahije">Dahije</a> in Belgrade <span style="font-size:85%;">(1801–04)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Serbian_Uprising" title="First Serbian Uprising">First Serbian Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1804–13)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabak%C3%A7%C4%B1_Mustafa_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabakçı Mustafa rebellion">Kabakçı Mustafa rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1807)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan%C4%8Di%C4%87%27s_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Jančić's Rebellion">Jančić's Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1809)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Had%C5%BEi-Prodan%27s_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadži-Prodan's Rebellion">Hadži-Prodan's Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1814)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Serbian_Uprising" title="Second Serbian Uprising">Second Serbian Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1815-17)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallachian_uprising_of_1821" title="Wallachian uprising of 1821">Wallachian Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1821)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1_Rebellion_(1821)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niš Rebellion (1821)">Niš Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1821)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1821–29)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At%C3%A7al%C4%B1_Kel_Mehmet_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Atçalı Kel Mehmet revolt">Atçalı Kel Mehmet revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1830)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_uprising_(1831%E2%80%9332)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian uprising (1831–32)">Bosnian uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1831–33)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilmez_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilmez Rebellion (page does not exist)">Bilmez Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1832–33)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laz_rebellion_(1832%E2%80%931834)" title="Laz rebellion (1832–1834)">Laz rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1832–34)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shkod%C3%ABr_Rebellion_(1833)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shkodër Rebellion (1833) (page does not exist)">Shkodër Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1833)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest_Jovica%27s_Rebellion" title="Priest Jovica's Rebellion">Priest Jovica's Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1834)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Ma%C5%A1i%C4%87i_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Mašići Rebellion (page does not exist)">Second Mašići Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1834)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Peasant_Revolt_(1834%E2%80%9335)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Peasant Revolt (1834–35)">Syrian Peasant Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1834-35)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835%E2%80%931858_revolt_in_Ottoman_Tripolitania" title="1835–1858 revolt in Ottoman Tripolitania">Tripolitanian revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1835–1858)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posavina_Rebellion_(1836)" class="mw-redirect" title="Posavina Rebellion (1836)">Posavina Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1836)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livno_Rebellion_(1836)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livno Rebellion (1836) (page does not exist)">Livno Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1836)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirot_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirot Rebellion">Pirot Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1836)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkovitsa_Rebellion_(1836)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkovitsa Rebellion (1836)">Berkovitsa Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1836)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belogradchik_Rebellion_(1836)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belogradchik Rebellion (1836)">Belogradchik Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1836)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vlora_Rebellion_(1836)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vlora Rebellion (1836) (page does not exist)">Vlora Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1836)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1838_Druze_revolt" title="1838 Druze revolt">Druze revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1838)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diber_Rebellion_(1838%E2%80%9339)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diber Rebellion (1838–39) (page does not exist)">Diber Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1838–39)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1841)" title="Cretan Revolt (1841)">Cretan Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1841)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1_Rebellion_(1841)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niš Rebellion (1841)">Niš Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1841)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Dervish_Cara" title="Uprising of Dervish Cara">Uprising of Dervish Cara</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1843–44)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1845" title="Albanian revolt of 1845">Albanian Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1845)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1847" title="Albanian revolt of 1847">Albanian Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1847)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzegovina_Uprising_(1852%E2%80%9362)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herzegovina Uprising (1852–62)">Herzegovina Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1852–62)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Revolt_of_1854" title="Epirus Revolt of 1854">Epirus Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1854)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1854 Macedonian rebellion">Greek Macedonian rebellion of 1854</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1854)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecija%27s_First_Revolt" title="Pecija's First Revolt">Doljani Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1858)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_civil_conflict_in_Mount_Lebanon_and_Damascus" title="1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus">Mount Lebanon civil conflict</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1860)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_revolt_(1866%E2%80%931869)" title="Cretan revolt (1866–1869)">Cretan Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1866–69)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1867 Macedonian rebellion">Greek Macedonian rebellion of 1867</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1866–67)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzegovina_Uprising_(1875%E2%80%9377)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herzegovina Uprising (1875–77)">Herzegovina Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1875–77)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="April Uprising">Bulgarian April uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1876)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razlovtsi_insurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Razlovtsi insurrection">Razlovtsi insurrection</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1876)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumanovo_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumanovo Uprising">Kumanovo Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1878)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1878 Macedonian rebellion">1878 Macedonian rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1878)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_revolt_(1878)" title="Cretan revolt (1878)">Cretan Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1878)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kresna%E2%80%93Razlog_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Kresna–Razlog Uprising">Kresna–Razlog Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1878–79)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Revolt_of_1878" title="Epirus Revolt of 1878">Epirus Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1878)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mouzaki" title="Battle of Mouzaki">Thessaly Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1878)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulcinj_(1880)" title="Battle of Ulcinj (1880)">Ulcinj rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1878)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brsjak_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Brsjak Revolt">Brsjak Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1880–81)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_Revolt_(1896%E2%80%931897)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cretan Revolt (1896–1897) (page does not exist)">Cretan Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1896–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896%E2%80%931897_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1896–1897 Macedonian rebellion">1896–1897 Macedonian rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1896–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1897%E2%80%931898)" title="Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)">Cretan Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1897–98)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilinden%E2%80%93Preobrazhenie_Uprising" title="Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising">Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1903)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoubak_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoubak revolt">Shoubak revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1905)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theriso_revolt" title="Theriso revolt">Theriso revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1905)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Mesopotamia_uprising" title="1906 Mesopotamia uprising">Mesopotamia uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1906)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitlis_uprising_(1907)" title="Bitlis uprising (1907)">Bitlis uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1907)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire">Dissolution <span style="font-size:85%;">(1908–1922)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Turk_Revolution" title="Young Turk Revolution">Young Turk Revolution</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1908)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamawand_rebellion" title="Hamawand rebellion">Hamawand rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1908–10)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Bejat_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Bejat Revolution (page does not exist)">Al-Bejat Revolution</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1909)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31_March_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="31 March Incident">31 March Incident</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1909)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauran_Druze_Rebellion" title="Hauran Druze Rebellion">Hauran Druze Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1909)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaraniq_rebellion_(1909%E2%80%931910)" title="Zaraniq rebellion (1909–1910)">Zaraniq rebellion (1909–1910)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karak_revolt" title="Karak revolt">Karak revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">Albanian revolt of 1910</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malissori_uprising" title="Malissori uprising">Malissori uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1911)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">Albanian revolt of 1912</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Ottoman_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1912 Ottoman coup d'état">Savior Officers</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Ottoman_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1913 Ottoman coup d'état">Raid on the Sublime Porte</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Euphrates_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="1913 Euphrates rebellion">Euphrates rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitlis_uprising_(1914)" title="Bitlis uprising (1914)">Bitlis uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1914)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kurdish rebellions during World War I</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1914–18)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_uprising_in_Karbala" title="1915 uprising in Karbala">Uprising in Karbala</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1916–18)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_uprising_in_Hilla" title="1916 uprising in Hilla">Uprising in Hilla</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1916)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%A7giri_rebellion" title="Koçgiri rebellion">Koçgiri rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1921)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_I23297" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_I" title="Template:World War I"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_I" title="Template talk:World War I"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_I" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War I"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_I23297" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_I" title="Outline of World War I">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_of_World_War_I" title="List of military engagements of World War I">Military engagements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_I" title="Aftermath of World War I">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Economic history of World War I">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_geography_in_World_War_I" title="Role of geography in World War I">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of World War I">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_I" title="Home front during World War I">Home fronts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_memorials" title="World War I memorials">Memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_I" title="Opposition to World War I">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_in_popular_culture" title="World War I in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_World_War_I" title="Propaganda in World War I">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_puppet_states" title="List of World War I puppet states">Puppet states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_I" title="Technology during World War I">Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Theatres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="European theatre of World War I">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans_theatre" title="Balkans theatre">Balkans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_campaign" title="Serbian campaign">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_front_(World_War_I)" title="Italian front (World War I)">Italian Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign">Sinai and Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_campaign" title="Caucasus campaign">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="Persian campaign (World War I)">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_campaign" title="Mesopotamian campaign">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Hejaz & Levant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/African_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="African theatre of World War I">African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa_campaign" title="South West Africa campaign">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="East African campaign (World War I)">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun_campaign" title="Kamerun campaign">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togoland_campaign" title="Togoland campaign">Togoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_in_North_Africa_during_World_War_I" title="Military operations in North Africa during World War I">North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Asian_and_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I">Asian and Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_German_Samoa" title="Occupation of German Samoa">German Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_occupation_of_German_New_Guinea" title="Allied occupation of German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-boat_campaign" title="U-boat campaign">U-boat campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_U-boat_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I">North Atlantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Mediterranean_during_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare in the Mediterranean during World War I">Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Principal<br />participants</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_I" title="Allied leaders of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_I" title="Belgium in World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_during_World_War_I" title="Brazil during World War I">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_during_World_War_I" title="China during World War I">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army_in_World_War_I" title="French Army in World War I">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_during_World_War_I" title="Greece during World War I">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montenegro#World_War_I" title="History of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_I" title="Portugal during World War I">Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia in the First World War">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia_(1894%E2%80%931917)#Russia_at_war,_1914–1916" title="History of Russia (1894–1917)">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia#Serbia_in_World_War_I_(1914–1918)" title="History of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siam_in_World_War_I" title="Siam in World War I">Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Central_Powers_of_World_War_I" title="Leaders of the Central Powers of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria-Hungary_during_World_War_I" title="History of Austria-Hungary during World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_I" title="Bulgaria during World War I">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi Campaign">Senussi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritz Rebellion">South African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Darfur" title="Sultanate of Darfur">Darfur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I" title="Timeline of World War I">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Pre-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (1870–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a> (1880–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis" title="First Moroccan Crisis">Tangier Crisis</a> (1905–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Crisis" title="Bosnian Crisis">Bosnian Crisis</a> (1908–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agadir_Crisis" title="Agadir Crisis">Agadir Crisis</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a> (1911–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a> (1912–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a> (1913)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_I" title="Causes of World War I">Origins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_causes_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of the causes of World War I">Historiography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand">Sarajevo assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_riots_in_Sarajevo" title="Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo">Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">German invasion of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frontiers" title="Battle of the Frontiers">Battle of the Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cer" title="Battle of Cer">Battle of Cer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Galicia" title="Battle of Galicia">Battle of Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_East_Prussia_(1914)" title="Russian invasion of East Prussia (1914)">Russian invasion of East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg" title="Battle of Tannenberg">Battle of Tannenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Siege of Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="First Battle of the Masurian Lakes">First Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Grand Couronné">Battle of Grand Couronné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">First Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Siege of Przemyśl">Siege of Przemyśl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea" title="Race to the Sea">Race to the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">First Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_raid" title="Black Sea raid">Black Sea raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolubara" title="Battle of Kolubara">Battle of Kolubara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarikamish" title="Battle of Sarikamish">Battle of Sarikamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1915</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes">Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Battle of Łomża">Battle of Łomża</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Second Battle of Ypres">Second Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Lusitania" title="Sinking of the RMS Lusitania">Sinking of the RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Battle of Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">Second Battle of Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Isonzo" title="Battles of the Isonzo">Battles of the Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlice%E2%80%93Tarn%C3%B3w_offensive" title="Gorlice–Tarnów offensive">Gorlice–Tarnów offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Retreat_(Russia)" title="Great Retreat (Russia)">Great Retreat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bug%E2%80%93Narew_Offensive" title="Bug–Narew Offensive">Bug-Narew Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Novogeorgievsk" title="Siege of Novogeorgievsk">Siege of Novogeorgievsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Bug_offensive" title="Vistula–Bug offensive">Vistula–Bug offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">Second Battle of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_offensive_(1915)" title="Kosovo offensive (1915)">Kosovo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kut" title="Siege of Kut">Siege of Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loos" title="Battle of Loos">Battle of Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1916</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_offensive" title="Erzurum offensive">Erzurum offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Battle of Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Naroch_offensive" title="Lake Naroch offensive">Lake Naroch offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asiago" title="Battle of Asiago">Battle of Asiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jutland" title="Battle of Jutland">Battle of Jutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">Battle of the Somme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_day_on_the_Somme" title="First day on the Somme">first day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brusilov_offensive" title="Brusilov offensive">Brusilov offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baranovichi_offensive" title="Baranovichi offensive">Baranovichi offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Romani" title="Battle of Romani">Battle of Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastir_offensive" title="Monastir offensive">Monastir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Transylvania" title="Battle of Transylvania">Battle of Transylvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1917</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baghdad_(1917)" title="Fall of Baghdad (1917)">Capture of Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimmermann_telegram" title="Zimmermann telegram">Zimmermann telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Second battle of Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_battle_of_the_Aisne" class="mw-redirect" title="Second battle of the Aisne">Second battle of the Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerensky_offensive" title="Kerensky offensive">Kerensky offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărăști">Battle of Mărăști</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99e%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărășești">Battle of Mărășești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Oituz" title="Third Battle of Oituz">Third Battle of Oituz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caporetto" title="Battle of Caporetto">Battle of Caporetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Palestine_offensive" title="Southern Palestine offensive">Southern Palestine offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Malmaison" title="Battle of La Malmaison">Battle of La Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Battle of Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Foc%C8%99ani" title="Armistice of Focșani">Armistice of Focșani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_between_Russia_and_the_Central_Powers" title="Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers">Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1918</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faustschlag" title="Operation Faustschlag">Operation Faustschlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">German spring offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge_Raid" title="Zeebrugge Raid">Zeebrugge Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay" title="Battle of Goychay">Battle of Goychay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Piave_River" title="Second Battle of the Piave River">Second Battle of the Piave River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">Second Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days_Offensive" title="Hundred Days Offensive">Hundred Days Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardar_offensive" title="Vardar offensive">Vardar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Battle of Megiddo (1918)">Battle of Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Transjordan_attack" title="Third Transjordan attack">Third Transjordan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse–Argonne offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">Battle of Vittorio Veneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Salonica" title="Armistice of Salonica">Armistice of Salonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Mudros" title="Armistice of Mudros">Armistice of Mudros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Villa_Giusti" title="Armistice of Villa Giusti">Armistice of Villa Giusti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Romanian_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Second Romanian campaign of World War I">Second Romanian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice with Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollettino_della_Vittoria_Navale" title="Bollettino della Vittoria Navale">Naval Victory Bulletin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Belgrade" title="Armistice of Belgrade">Armistice of Belgrade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Co-belligerent conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_campaign" title="Somaliland campaign">Somaliland campaign</a> (1900–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> (1910–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a> (1914–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_rebellion" title="Muscat rebellion">Muscat rebellion</a> (1913–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaian_War" title="Zaian War">Zaian War</a> (1914–1921)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kurdish rebellions</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovambo_Uprising" title="Ovambo Uprising">Ovambo Uprising</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan_rebellion" title="Kelantan rebellion">Kelantan rebellion</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_campaign" title="Senussi campaign">Senussi campaign</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volta-Bani_War" title="Volta-Bani War">Volta-Bani War</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Protection_War" title="National Protection War">National Protection War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> (1916–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Central Asian Revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Darfur_(1916)" title="Invasion of Darfur (1916)">Invasion of Darfur</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaocen_revolt" title="Kaocen revolt">Kaocen revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a> (1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Post-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Ukrainian–Soviet War">Ukrainian–Soviet War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani War</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Georgian_War" title="Armeno-Georgian War">Armeno-Georgian War</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_and_interventions_in_Hungary_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)">Revolutions and interventions in Hungary</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Hungarian–Romanian War">Hungarian–Romanian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland Uprising</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Lithuanian Wars of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Egyptian_revolution" title="1919 Egyptian revolution">Egyptian Revolution</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="United Kingdom during the Turkish War of Independence">Anglo-Turkish War</a> (1918–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a> (1918–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a> (1919–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Turkish–Armenian War">Turkish–Armenian War</a> (1920)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Soviet–Georgian War</a> (1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Warfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_World_War_I" title="Aviation in World War I">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_I" title="Strategic bombing during World War I">Strategic bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons_in_World_War_I" title="Chemical weapons in World War I">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_cryptography" title="World War I cryptography">Cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_World_War_I" title="Horses in World War I">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_in_World_War_I" title="Logistics in World War I">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convoys_in_World_War_I" title="Convoys in World War I">Convoy system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench warfare</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Conscription493" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Conscription</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_conscription_in_Australia" title="World War I conscription in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1917" title="Conscription Crisis of 1917">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seferberlik" title="Seferberlik">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruitment_to_the_British_Army_during_World_War_I" title="Recruitment to the British Army during World War I">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1918" title="Conscription Crisis of 1918">Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1917" title="Selective Service Act of 1917">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_casualties" title="World War I casualties">Casualties</a> /<br />Civilian impact</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>British casualties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_parliamentarians_who_died_in_the_First_World_War" title="List of British parliamentarians who died in the First World War">Parliamentarians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_casualties_of_World_War_I" title="Ottoman casualties of World War I">Ottoman casualties</a></li> <li>Sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_rugby_union_players_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of international rugby union players killed in World War I">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of Olympians killed in World War I">Olympians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Disease</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1899%E2%80%931923_cholera_pandemic" title="1899–1923 cholera pandemic">1899–1923 cholera pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_typhus_and_relapsing_fever_epidemic_in_Serbia" title="1915 typhus and relapsing fever epidemic in Serbia">1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish flu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_occupation_of_Serbia" title="Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia">Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia</a></li> <li>Bulgarian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Albania" title="Bulgarian occupation of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Serbia_(World_War_I)" title="Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li>German occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Luxembourg_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_north-east_France_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of north-east France during World War I">Northeast France</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ober_Ost" title="Ober Ost">Ober Ost</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration" title="Occupied Enemy Territory Administration">Occupied Enemy Territory Administration</a></li> <li>Russian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Eastern_Galicia_(1914%E2%80%931915)" title="Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia (1914–1915)">Eastern Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Western_Armenia" title="Occupation of Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Prisoners of war in World War I">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Germans <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Italian prisoners of war in World War I">Italians</a></li> <li>POW locations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Canada" title="List of World War I prisoner-of-war camps in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany" title="World War I prisoners of war in Germany">Germany</a> / <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_I" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War I">camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war_camps_in_Switzerland_during_World_War_I" title="Prisoner of war camps in Switzerland during World War I">Switzerland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_World_War_I" title="Refugees of World War I">Refugees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belgian refugees <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_the_Netherlands_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in the Netherlands during the First World War">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_Britain_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in Britain during the First World War">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_I" title="War crimes in World War I">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Allied blockades <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Blockade of the Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Great Famine of Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon famine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Germany_(1914%E2%80%931919)" title="Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)">Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportations_from_East_Prussia_during_World_War_I" title="Deportations from East Prussia during World War I">Deportations from East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Kalisz" title="Destruction of Kalisz">Destruction of Kalisz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Dinant" title="Sack of Dinant">Sack of Dinant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_Ottoman_genocides" title="Late Ottoman genocides">Late Ottoman genocides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Pontic Greek genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Belgium" title="Rape of Belgium">Rape of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_World_War_I" title="Massacres of Albanians in World War I">Massacres of Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Ukrainian_Canadians" title="Internment of Ukrainian Canadians">Internment of Ukrainian Canadians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Diplomatic history of World War I">Diplomacy</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Entry into the war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_entry_into_World_War_I" title="French entry into World War I">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_entry_into_World_War_I" title="German entry into World War I">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Japanese entry into World War I">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Ottoman entry into World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Russian entry into World War I">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_entry_into_World_War_I" title="British entry into World War I">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_I" title="Declarations of war during World War I">Declarations of war</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/To_my_peoples" title="To my peoples">Austria-Hungary against Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_upon_Germany_(1914)" title="United Kingdom declaration of war upon Germany (1914)">UK against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I#Declaration_of_jihad" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottomans against the Triple Entente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1917)" title="United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)">USA against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Austria-Hungary" title="United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary">USA against Austria-Hungary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_Agreement" title="Constantinople Agreement">Constantinople Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1915)" title="Treaty of London (1915)">Treaty of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Germany_treaty_(1915)" title="Bulgaria–Germany treaty (1915)">Bulgaria–Germany treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Darin" title="Treaty of Darin">Treaty of Darin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sazonov%E2%80%93Pal%C3%A9ologue_Agreement" title="Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement">Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Economy_Pact" title="Paris Economy Pact">Paris Economy Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1916)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1916)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_of_Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne" title="Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Peace treaties</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modus_vivendi_of_Acroma" title="Modus vivendi of Acroma">Modus vivendi of Acroma</a></li> <li>Treaties of Brest-Litovsk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Russia–Central Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Ukraine%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)">Ukraine–Central Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Treaty of St. Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine">Treaty of Neuilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_a_Suspect_in_Sarajevo" title="Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo">Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutilated_victory" title="Mutilated victory">Mutilated victory</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Virgin" title="The Golden Virgin">The Golden Virgin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_shall_not_pass" title="They shall not pass">They shall not pass</a></i></li></ul> 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