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Disponibil în 59 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كيمياء حرارية – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيمياء حرارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="كيميا حراريه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كيميا حراريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termokimya" title="Termokimya – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Termokimya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Тэрмахімія – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэрмахімія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Тэрмахімія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэрмахімія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Термохимия – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Термохимия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="তাপ-রসায়ন – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাপ-রসায়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termohemija" title="Termohemija – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Termohemija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoqu%C3%ADmica" title="Termoquímica – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Termoquímica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C" title="کیمیای گەرمی – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کیمیای گەرمی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termochemie" title="Termochemie – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Termochemie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermochemie" title="Thermochemie – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thermochemie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Θερμοχημεία – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θερμοχημεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermochemistry" title="Thermochemistry – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thermochemistry" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termokemio" title="Termokemio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Termokemio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoqu%C3%ADmica" title="Termoquímica – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Termoquímica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termokeemia" title="Termokeemia – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Termokeemia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termokimika" title="Termokimika – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Termokimika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C" title="ترموشیمی – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترموشیمی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4mp%C3%B6kemia" title="Lämpökemia – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lämpökemia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamique_chimique" title="Thermodynamique chimique – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thermodynamique chimique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teirmiceimic" title="Teirmiceimic – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teirmiceimic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="ऊष्मारसायन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऊष्मारसायन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termokemija" title="Termokemija – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Termokemija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termok%C3%A9mia" title="Termokémia – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Termokémia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ջերմաքիմիա – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջերմաքիմիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termokimia" title="Termokimia – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Termokimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termokemio" title="Termokemio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Termokemio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termochimica" title="Termochimica – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Termochimica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="熱化学 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="熱化学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termokimia" title="Termokimia – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Termokimia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Термохимия – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Термохимия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B4%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="열화학 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="열화학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Термохимия – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Термохимия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termokimia" title="Termokimia – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Termokimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="အပူဓာတုဗေဒ – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အပူဓာတုဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termokjemi" title="Termokjemi – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Termokjemi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoquimia" title="Termoquimia – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Termoquimia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termochemia" title="Termochemia – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Termochemia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoqu%C3%ADmica" title="Termoquímica – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Termoquímica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Термохимия – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Термохимия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termohemija" title="Termohemija – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Termohemija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="තාප රසායනය – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තාප රසායනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermochemistry" title="Thermochemistry – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thermochemistry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoch%C3%A9mia" title="Termochémia – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Termochémia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termokemija" title="Termokemija – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Termokemija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termokimia" title="Termokimia – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Termokimia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Термохемија – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Термохемија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termokemi" title="Termokemi – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Termokemi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வெப்ப வேதியியல் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெப்ப வேதியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="อุณหเคมี – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อุณหเคมี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termokimika" title="Termokimika – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Termokimika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termokimya" title="Termokimya – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Termokimya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Термохімія – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Термохімія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="حرارتی کیمیاء – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حرارتی کیمیاء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Nhiệt hóa học – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiệt hóa học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="热化学 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="热化学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jia%CC%8Dt-h%C3%B2a-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Jia̍t-hòa-ha̍k – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jia̍t-hòa-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="熱化學 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="熱化學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183410#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Termochimie" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Termochimie" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid 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.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-style ambox-style" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; margin-left:-4px">[[wiki]]</span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune nu este în <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikizare" title="Wikipedia:Wikizare">formatul standard</a></b>.<br /> Ștergeți eticheta la încheierea standardizării.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16501920"><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.</b><br /> Puteți contribui prin adăugarea de referințe în vederea <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">susținerii bibliografice</a> a afirmațiilor pe care le conține.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p><p><b>Termochimia</b> este un domeniu al <a href="/wiki/Chimie_fizic%C4%83" title="Chimie fizică">chimiei fizice</a> care se ocupă cu studiul căldurilor de reacție și transformărilor de stare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concepte">Concepte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termochimie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Concepte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termochimie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Concepte"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noțiunile pe care le utilizează termochimia, precum și legile acesteia au la bază <a href="/wiki/Principiul_%C3%AEnt%C3%A2i_al_termodinamicii" title="Principiul întâi al termodinamicii">principiul întâi al termodinamicii</a>: ΔE = Q + L. Dacă ΔE < 0 → E<sub>final</sub> < E<sub>inițial</sub> → sistemul cedează energie în mediul exterior. În schimb, dacă ΔE > 0 → E<sub>final</sub> > E<sub>inițial</sub> → sistemul primește energie din mediul exterior, cu observația că starea inițială se referă la reactanți, iar starea finală la produșii de reacție. </p><p>Căldura (Q) este fie absorbită, fie degajată în cursul celor mai multe reacții chimice, cum ar fi oxidarea metabolică a „zahărului” la <a href="/wiki/Dioxid_de_carbon" title="Dioxid de carbon">dioxid de carbon</a> și apă care produce căldură, care menține corpul cald. </p><p>O bucată de gheață se topește când este ținută în mână, deoarece absoarbe căldură. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Entalpia_de_reacție"><span id="Entalpia_de_reac.C8.9Bie"></span>Entalpia de reacție</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termochimie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Entalpia de reacție" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termochimie&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Entalpia de reacție"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cea mai mare parte a transformărilor de stare și reacțiilor chimice, inclusiv ale sistemelor vii au loc la presiune constantă. </p><p>Când este vorba despre căldura cedată sau absorbită la presiune constantă chimiștii folosesc mărimea numită <a href="/wiki/Entalpie" title="Entalpie">entalpie</a>, notată cu H. Entalpia de reacție reprezintă variația de căldură a reacțiilor chimice, la presiune constantă. Entalpia unui sistem nu se poate măsura, dar se poate evalua și calcula variația de entalpie, ΔH (variația de entalpie a unui sistem este egală cu căldura primită sau cedată de un sistem la presiune constantă): ΔH = Q<sub>p</sub> și ΔH = H<sub>final</sub> − H<sub>inițial</sub> = H<sub>produși</sub> − H <sub>reactanți</sub>. </p><p>Într-o reacție chimică, variația de entalpie este egală cu diferența dintre suma entalpiilor produșilor de reacție și suma entalpiilor reactanților: ΔH = Σ<sub>neproduși</sub> H<sub>produși</sub> − Σ<sub>nereactanți</sub> H<sub>reactanți</sub>. </p><p>Variația de entalpie a reacției de sinteză a unui <a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">mol</a> de substanță compusă din elementele componente reprezintă entalpia molară de formare a substanței respective (se exprimă în KJ/mol). Măsurată în condiții standard, entalpia molară de formare se numește entalpie molară de formare standard și se notează cu H<sup>0</sup><sub>f</sub> sau ΔH<sup>0</sup>. </p><p>Cu cât ΔH<sup>0</sup><sub>f</sub> a unei substanțe este mai mică (negativă), cu atât substanța este mai stabilă. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termochimie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termochimie&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rela%C8%9Bia_lui_Mayer" title="Relația lui Mayer">Relația lui Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legea_Dulong-Petit" title="Legea Dulong-Petit">Legea Dulong-Petit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istoria_termodinamicii" title="Istoria termodinamicii">Istoria termodinamicii</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Ramurile_chimiei" title="Format:Ramurile chimiei"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Ramurile_chimiei" title="Discuție Format:Ramurile chimiei"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Ramurile_chimiei&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;">Ramurile <a href="/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie">chimiei</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Chimie_fizic%C4%83" title="Chimie fizică">Fizice</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Chimie_coloidal%C4%83" title="Chimie coloidală">Chimie coloidală</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_cuantic%C4%83" title="Chimie cuantică">Chimie cuantică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_fizic%C4%83" title="Chimie fizică">Chimie fizică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_nuclear%C4%83" title="Chimie nucleară">Chimie nucleară</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimia_st%C4%83rii_solide" title="Chimia stării solide">Chimia stării solide</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cinetic%C4%83_chimic%C4%83" title="Cinetică chimică">Cinetică chimică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cristalochimie" title="Cristalochimie">Cristalochimie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Electrochimie" title="Electrochimie">Electrochimie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Femtochimie" title="Femtochimie">Femtochimie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fotochimie" title="Fotochimie">Fotochimie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Magnetochimie" title="Magnetochimie">Magnetochimie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Radiochimie" title="Radiochimie">Radiochimie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sonochimie" title="Sonochimie">Sonochimie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopie" title="Spectroscopie">Spectroscopie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Stereochimie" title="Stereochimie">Stereochimie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Ba_suprafe%C8%9Belor" title="Știința suprafețelor">Știința suprafețelor</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Termochimie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Termodinamic%C4%83_chimic%C4%83" title="Termodinamică chimică">Termodinamică chimică</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Chimie_organic%C4%83" title="Chimie organică">Organice</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Biochimie" title="Biochimie">Biochimie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Biogeochimie" title="Biogeochimie">Biogeochimie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Biologie_chimic%C4%83" title="Biologie chimică">Biologie chimică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_bioorganic%C4%83" title="Chimie bioorganică">Chimie bioorganică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_biofizic%C4%83" title="Chimie biofizică">Chimie biofizică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_clinic%C4%83" title="Chimie clinică">Chimie clinică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_farmaceutic%C4%83" title="Chimie farmaceutică">Chimie farmaceutică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimia_fulerenelor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chimia fulerenelor — pagină inexistentă">Chimia fulerenelor</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_medical%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimie medicală">Chimie medicală</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_organic%C4%83" title="Chimie organică">Chimie organică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_fizic%C4%83" title="Chimie fizică">Chimie organică fizică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimia_polimerilor" title="Chimia polimerilor">Chimia polimerilor</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Farmacie" title="Farmacie">Farmacie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fitochimie" title="Fitochimie">Fitochimie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neurochimie" title="Neurochimie">Neurochimie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Petrochimie" title="Petrochimie">Petrochimie</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Chimie_anorganic%C4%83" title="Chimie anorganică">Anorganice</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimia_agregatelor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chimia agregatelor — pagină inexistentă">Chimia agregatelor</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_anorganic%C4%83" title="Chimie anorganică">Chimie anorganică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_bioanorganic%C4%83" title="Chimie bioanorganică">Chimie bioanorganică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_organometalic%C4%83" title="Chimie organometalică">Chimie organometalică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Ba_materialelor" title="Știința materialelor">Știința materialelor</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Geochimie" title="Geochimie">Geochimie</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Altele </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Astrochimie" title="Astrochimie">Astrochimie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimia_actinidelor" title="Chimia actinidelor">Chimia actinidelor</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_alimentar%C4%83" title="Chimie alimentară">Chimie alimentară</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_ambiental%C4%83" title="Chimie ambientală">Chimie ambientală</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_analitic%C4%83" title="Chimie analitică">Chimie analitică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_atmosferic%C4%83" title="Chimie atmosferică">Chimie atmosferică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_computa%C8%9Bional%C4%83" title="Chimie computațională">Chimie computațională</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_ecologic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimie ecologică">Chimie ecologică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_general%C4%83" title="Chimie generală">Chimie generală</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_supramolecular%C4%83" title="Chimie supramoleculară">Chimie supramoleculară</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_teoretic%C4%83" title="Chimie teoretică">Chimie teoretică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_verde" title="Chimie verde">Chimie verde</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chemoinformatic%C4%83" title="Chemoinformatică">Chemoinformatică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chemometrie" title="Chemometrie">Chemometrie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cosmochimie" title="Cosmochimie">Cosmochimie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Educa%C8%9Bie_chimic%C4%83" title="Educație chimică">Educație chimică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Imunochimie" title="Imunochimie">Imunochimie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Inginerie_chimic%C4%83" title="Inginerie chimică">Inginerie chimică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chimie_matematic%C4%83" title="Chimie matematică">Chimie matematică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sintez%C4%83_chimic%C4%83" title="Sinteză chimică">Sinteză chimică</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sintez%C4%83_organic%C4%83" title="Sinteză organică">Sinteză organică</a>)  <span 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.navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Fizic%C4%83_statistic%C4%83" title="Format:Fizică statistică"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Fizic%C4%83_statistic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Fizică statistică — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Fizic%C4%83_statistic%C4%83&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_statistic%C4%83" title="Fizică statistică">Fizică statistică</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Termodinamică </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Calorimetrie" title="Calorimetrie">Calorimetrie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Capacitate_termic%C4%83" title="Capacitate termică">Capacitate termică</a> • <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83ldur%C4%83_latent%C4%83" title="Căldură latentă">Căldură latentă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ciclu_termodinamic" title="Ciclu termodinamic">Ciclu termodinamic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ciclul_Carnot" title="Ciclul Carnot">Ciclul Carnot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ciclul_Clausius-Rankine" title="Ciclul Clausius-Rankine">Ciclul Clausius-Rankine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Coeficient_de_transformare_adiabatic%C4%83" title="Coeficient de transformare adiabatică">Coeficient de transformare adiabatică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Constanta_universal%C4%83_a_gazului_ideal" title="Constanta universală a gazului ideal">Constanta universală a gazului ideal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Echilibru_termodinamic" title="Echilibru termodinamic">Echilibru termodinamic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Energie_intern%C4%83" title="Energie internă">Energie internă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Energie_liber%C4%83" title="Energie liberă">Energie liberă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Entalpie" title="Entalpie">Entalpie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Entalpie_liber%C4%83" title="Entalpie liberă">Entalpie liberă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Entropia_radia%C8%9Biei_electromagnetice" title="Entropia radiației electromagnetice">Entropia radiației electromagnetice</a> • <a href="/wiki/Entropia_termodinamic%C4%83_(dup%C4%83_Carath%C3%A9odory)" title="Entropia termodinamică (după Carathéodory)">Entropia termodinamică (după Carathéodory)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Entropie" title="Entropie">Entropie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Entropie_termodinamic%C4%83" title="Entropie termodinamică">Entropie termodinamică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Evaporare" title="Evaporare">Evaporare</a> • <a href="/wiki/Faz%C4%83_(termodinamic%C4%83)" title="Fază (termodinamică)">Fază (termodinamică)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fierbere" title="Fierbere">Fierbere</a> • <a href="/wiki/Formula_lui_Planck" title="Formula lui Planck">Formula lui Planck</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frac%C8%9Bie_molar%C4%83" title="Fracție molară">Fracție molară</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaz_ideal" title="Gaz ideal">Gaz ideal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaz_perfect" title="Gaz perfect">Gaz perfect</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaz_real" title="Gaz real">Gaz real</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legea_Boyle-Mariotte" title="Legea Boyle-Mariotte">Legea Boyle-Mariotte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legea_Dulong-Petit" title="Legea Dulong-Petit">Legea Dulong-Petit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legea_lui_Avogadro" title="Legea lui Avogadro">Legea lui Avogadro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legea_lui_Dalton" title="Legea lui Dalton">Legea lui Dalton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legea_lui_Henry" title="Legea lui Henry">Legea lui Henry</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legea_lui_Raoult" title="Legea lui Raoult">Legea lui Raoult</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legile_de_deplasare_ale_lui_Wien" title="Legile de deplasare ale lui Wien">Legile de deplasare ale lui Wien</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legile_lui_Kirchhoff_(radia%C8%9Bie)" title="Legile lui Kirchhoff (radiație)">Legile lui Kirchhoff (radiație)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lema_lui_Carath%C3%A9odory_(termodinamic%C4%83)" title="Lema lui Carathéodory (termodinamică)">Lema lui Carathéodory (termodinamică)</a> • <a href="/wiki/M%C4%83rimi_molare_de_exces" title="Mărimi molare de exces">Mărimi molare de exces</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paradoxul_lui_Gibbs_(termodinamic%C4%83)" title="Paradoxul lui Gibbs (termodinamică)">Paradoxul lui Gibbs (termodinamică)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Perpetuum_mobile" title="Perpetuum mobile">Perpetuum mobile</a> • <a href="/wiki/Poten%C8%9Bial_chimic" title="Potențial chimic">Potențial chimic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Poten%C8%9Bial_termodinamic" title="Potențial termodinamic">Potențial termodinamic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Presiune_de_vapori" title="Presiune de vapori">Presiune de vapori</a> • <a href="/wiki/Principiile_termodinamicii" title="Principiile termodinamicii">Principiile termodinamicii</a> • <a href="/wiki/Principiul_al_doilea_al_termodinamicii" title="Principiul al doilea al termodinamicii">Principiul al doilea al termodinamicii</a> • <a href="/wiki/Principiul_al_doilea_al_termodinamicii:_Planck_versus_Carath%C3%A9odory" title="Principiul al doilea al termodinamicii: Planck versus Carathéodory">Principiul al doilea al termodinamicii: Planck versus Carathéodory</a> • <a href="/wiki/Principiul_al_treilea_al_termodinamicii" title="Principiul al treilea al termodinamicii">Principiul al treilea al termodinamicii</a> • <a href="/wiki/Principiul_%C3%AEnt%C3%A2i_al_termodinamicii" title="Principiul întâi al termodinamicii">Principiul întâi al termodinamicii</a> • <a href="/wiki/Principiul_zero_al_termodinamicii" title="Principiul zero al termodinamicii">Principiul zero al termodinamicii</a> • <a href="/wiki/Proces_adiabatic" title="Proces adiabatic">Proces adiabatic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Punct_de_fierbere" title="Punct de fierbere">Punct de fierbere</a> • <a href="/wiki/Punct_de_topire" title="Punct de topire">Punct de topire</a> • <a href="/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie_termic%C4%83" title="Radiație termică">Radiație termică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rela%C8%9Bia_lui_Mayer" title="Relația lui Mayer">Relația lui Mayer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rezonatorul_lui_Planck" title="Rezonatorul lui Planck">Rezonatorul lui Planck</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sistem_termodinamic" title="Sistem termodinamic">Sistem termodinamic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83" title="Temperatură">Temperatură</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Termochimie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Termodinamic%C4%83" title="Termodinamică">Termodinamică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Transformare_Legendre" title="Transformare Legendre">Transformare Legendre</a> • <a href="/wiki/Transformare_termodinamic%C4%83" title="Transformare termodinamică">Transformare termodinamică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Termodinamic%C4%83_chimic%C4%83" title="Termodinamică chimică">Termodinamică chimică</a> •</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Mecanică statistică </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Entropie_statistic%C4%83" title="Entropie statistică">Entropie statistică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Faz%C4%83_(mecanic%C4%83_statistic%C4%83)" title="Fază (mecanică statistică)">Fază (mecanică statistică)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Grad_de_libertate" title="Grad de libertate">Grad de libertate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mecanic%C4%83_statistic%C4%83" title="Mecanică statistică">Mecanică statistică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Operator_statistic" title="Operator statistic">Operator statistic</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Teorie cinetică </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Agita%C8%9Bie_termic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Agitație termică">Agitație termică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Constanta_Boltzmann" title="Constanta Boltzmann">Constanta Boltzmann</a> • <a href="/wiki/Demonul_lui_Maxwell" title="Demonul lui Maxwell">Demonul lui Maxwell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83rul_lui_Avogadro" title="Numărul lui Avogadro">Numărul lui Avogadro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Teoria_cinetic%C4%83_a_gazelor" title="Teoria cinetică a gazelor">Teoria cinetică a gazelor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Teoria_haosului" title="Teoria haosului">Teoria haosului</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826">    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Termochimie&oldid=15446019">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Termochimie&oldid=15446019</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Chimie_fizic%C4%83" title="Categorie:Chimie fizică">Chimie fizică</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Termochimie" title="Categorie:Termochimie">Termochimie</a></li></ul></div><div 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