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analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <p> <div class="wd-authors" translate="no"> <div class="wd-author"> <img class="devsite-landing-row-item-icon" alt="Eiji Kitamura" src="https://web.dev/images/authors/agektmr.jpg" decoding="async" height="64" loading="lazy" width="64"> <div> <span> Eiji Kitamura </span> <div class="wd-author__links"> <a href="https://twitter.com/agektmr" aria-label="Eiji Kitamura on X" rel="me"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 300 271"> <title>X</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="m236 0h46l-101 115 118 156h-92.6l-72.5-94.8-83 94.8h-46l107-123-113-148h94.9l65.5 86.6zm-16.1 244h25.5l-165-218h-27.4z"></path> </svg></a> <a href="https://github.com/agektmr" aria-label="Eiji Kitamura on GitHub" rel="me"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 32.6 31.8"> <title>GitHub</title> <path d="M16.3 0C7.3 0 0 7.3 0 16.3c0 7.2 4.7 13.3 11.1 15.5.8.1 1.1-.4 1.1-.8v-2.8c-4.5 1-5.5-2.2-5.5-2.2-.7-1.9-1.8-2.4-1.8-2.4-1.5-1 .1-1 .1-1 1.6.1 2.5 1.7 2.5 1.7 1.5 2.5 3.8 1.8 4.7 1.4.1-1.1.6-1.8 1-2.2-3.6-.4-7.4-1.8-7.4-8.1 0-1.8.6-3.2 1.7-4.4-.1-.3-.7-2 .2-4.2 0 0 1.4-.4 4.5 1.7 1.3-.4 2.7-.5 4.1-.5 1.4 0 2.8.2 4.1.5 3.1-2.1 4.5-1.7 4.5-1.7.9 2.2.3 3.9.2 4.3 1 1.1 1.7 2.6 1.7 4.4 0 6.3-3.8 7.6-7.4 8 .6.5 1.1 1.5 1.1 3V31c0 .4.3.9 1.1.8 6.5-2.2 11.1-8.3 11.1-15.5C32.6 7.3 25.3 0 16.3 0z" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" fill="currentColor" /> </svg></a> <a href="https://glitch.com/@agektmr" aria-label="Eiji Kitamura on Glitch" rel="me"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <title>Glitch</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="M31.734 16.76c-.385-.198-4.536 1.865-5.427 1.693-2.24-.401-1.828-.667-4.839-1.359-1.203-.266-1.031-.109-1.297-.307-.172-.135-.344-.161-.599-.401 4-.719 6.026-1.693 6.734-1.839.76-.146 5.161 1.958 5.427 1.469.266-.495-.964-1.578-.401-3.031.589-1.464-.693-2.422.016-3.583.719-1.161.573-2.932.396-3.026-.396-.203-4.531 1.865-5.438 1.693-2.24-.417-1.828-.682-4.839-1.359-1.203-.271-1.031-.12-1.297-.323-.266-.198-.521-.13-1.036-.974-.521-.839-6.51-2.13-6.906-2.13-.828 0-2.375 2.13-2.375 2.13s-.599 0-2.401.094c-1.802.094-3.375.896-5.495 2.563C-.173 9.737.134 11.414.134 11.414s1.969.667 1.969 1.042c0 .359-1.729.802-1.729.802 1.12 1.411 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1.135.083a28.14 28.14 0 0 1 10.573 2.823l.891.401c.172.078.266.307.188.505z"/> </svg></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/@agektmr" aria-label="Eiji Kitamura on Mastodon" rel="me"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <title>Mastodon</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="M 15.659 9.592 C 15.424 10.72 13.553 11.956 11.404 12.195 C 10.283 12.32 9.18 12.434 8.003 12.384 C 6.079 12.302 4.56 11.956 4.56 11.956 C 4.56 12.13 4.572 12.297 4.595 12.452 C 4.845 14.224 6.478 14.33 8.025 14.379 C 9.586 14.429 10.976 14.02 10.976 14.02 L 11.04 15.337 C 11.04 15.337 9.948 15.884 8.003 15.984 C 6.93 16.039 5.598 15.959 4.047 15.576 C 0.683 14.746 0.104 11.4 0.015 8.006 C -0.012 6.998 0.005 6.048 0.005 5.253 C 0.005 1.782 2.443 0.765 2.443 0.765 C 3.672 0.238 5.782 0.017 7.975 0 L 8.029 0 C 10.221 0.017 12.332 0.238 13.561 0.765 C 13.561 0.765 15.999 1.782 15.999 5.253 C 15.999 5.253 16.03 7.814 15.659 9.592 Z M 13.124 5.522 L 13.124 9.725 L 11.339 9.725 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those to automatically log in users. For users with multiple accounts, let them select the account with just one tap using the account chooser.</p> <h2 id="auto_sign-in" data-text="Auto Sign-in" tabindex="-1">Auto Sign-in</h2> <p>Auto sign-in can happen anywhere on your website; not only the top page but other leaf pages too. 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Specify the type of credentials to request by giving it a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">password</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">federated</code>.</p> <p>Always use <code translate="no" dir="ltr">mediation: 'silent'</code> for auto sign-ins, so you can easily dismiss the process if the user:</p> <ul> <li>Has no credentials stored.</li> <li>Has multiple credentials stored.</li> <li>Is signed out.</li> </ul> <p>Before getting a credential, don’t forget to check if the user is already signed in:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-js" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">if (window.PasswordCredential || window.FederatedCredential) { if (!user.isSignedIn()) { navigator.credentials.get({ password: true, federated: { providers: ['https://accounts.google.com'], }, mediation: 'silent', }); // ... } } </code></pre> <p>The promise returned by <code translate="no" dir="ltr">navigator.credentials.get()</code> resolves with either a credential object or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">null</code>. To determine whether it is a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">PasswordCredential</code> or a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">FederatedCredential</code>, simply look at the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">.type</code> property of the object, which will be either <code translate="no" dir="ltr">password</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">federated</code>.</p> <p>If the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">.type</code> is <code translate="no" dir="ltr">federated</code>, the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">.provider</code> property is a string that represents the identity provider.</p> <h3 id="authenticate_user" data-text="Authenticate user" tabindex="-1">Authenticate user</h3> <p>Once you have the credential, run an authentication flow depending on the type of credential, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">password</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">federated</code>:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-js" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"> }).then(c => { if (c) { switch (c.type) { case 'password': return sendRequest(c); break; case 'federated': return gSignIn(c); break; } } else { return Promise.resolve(); } </code></pre> <p>When the promise resolves, check if you've received a credential object. If not, it means auto sign-in couldn’t happen. Silently dismiss the auto sign-in process.</p> <h3 id="update_ui" data-text="Update UI" tabindex="-1">Update UI</h3> <p>If the authentication is successful, update the UI or forward the user to the personalized page:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-js" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"> }).then(profile => { if (profile) { updateUI(profile); } </code></pre> <h3 id="don’t_forget_to_show_authentication_error_message" data-text="Don’t forget to show authentication error message" tabindex="-1">Don’t forget to show authentication error message</h3> <p>To avoid user confusion, users should see a blue toast saying “Signing in” at the time of getting the credential object:</p> <figure> <img src="/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/blue-toast-showing-user-i-434a344bb78b3.png" alt="Blue toast showing user is signing in." width="386" height="123" srcset="https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/blue-toast-showing-user-i-434a344bb78b3_36.png 36w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/blue-toast-showing-user-i-434a344bb78b3_48.png 48w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/blue-toast-showing-user-i-434a344bb78b3_72.png 72w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/blue-toast-showing-user-i-434a344bb78b3_96.png 96w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/blue-toast-showing-user-i-434a344bb78b3_480.png 480w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/blue-toast-showing-user-i-434a344bb78b3_720.png 720w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/blue-toast-showing-user-i-434a344bb78b3_856.png 856w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/blue-toast-showing-user-i-434a344bb78b3_960.png 960w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/blue-toast-showing-user-i-434a344bb78b3_1440.png 1440w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/blue-toast-showing-user-i-434a344bb78b3_1920.png 1920w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/blue-toast-showing-user-i-434a344bb78b3_2880.png 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 856px"> </figure> <p>One important tip: if you succeed in obtaining a credential object but fail to authenticate the user, you should show an error message:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-js" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"> }).catch(error => { showError('Sign-in Failed'); }); } } </code></pre> <h3 id="full_code_example" data-text="Full code example" tabindex="-1">Full code example</h3> <pre class="prettyprint lang-js" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">if (window.PasswordCredential || window.FederatedCredential) { if (!user.isSignedIn()) { navigator.credentials .get({ password: true, federated: { providers: ['https://accounts.google.com'], }, mediation: 'silent', }) .then((c) => { if (c) { switch (c.type) { case 'password': return sendRequest(c); break; case 'federated': return gSignIn(c); break; } } else { return Promise.resolve(); } }) .then((profile) => { if (profile) { updateUI(profile); } }) .catch((error) => { showError('Sign-in Failed'); }); } } </code></pre> <h2 id="sign-in_via_account_chooser" data-text="Sign-in via account chooser" tabindex="-1">Sign-in via account chooser</h2> <p>If a user requires mediation, or has multiple accounts, use the account chooser to let the user sign-in, skipping the ordinary sign-in form, for example:</p> <figure> <img src="/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/google-account-chooser-sh-76222c6b4a3fb.png" alt="Google account chooser showing multiple accounts." width="390" height="346" srcset="https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/google-account-chooser-sh-76222c6b4a3fb_36.png 36w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/google-account-chooser-sh-76222c6b4a3fb_48.png 48w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/google-account-chooser-sh-76222c6b4a3fb_72.png 72w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/google-account-chooser-sh-76222c6b4a3fb_96.png 96w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/google-account-chooser-sh-76222c6b4a3fb_480.png 480w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/google-account-chooser-sh-76222c6b4a3fb_720.png 720w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/google-account-chooser-sh-76222c6b4a3fb_856.png 856w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/google-account-chooser-sh-76222c6b4a3fb_960.png 960w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/google-account-chooser-sh-76222c6b4a3fb_1440.png 1440w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/google-account-chooser-sh-76222c6b4a3fb_1920.png 1920w,https://web.dev/static/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials/image/google-account-chooser-sh-76222c6b4a3fb_2880.png 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 856px"> </figure> <p>The steps to sign in via the account chooser are the same as in <a href="#auto_sign-in">auto sign-in</a>, with an additional call to show the account chooser as part of getting credential information:</p> <ol> <li>Get the credential information and show the account chooser.</li> <li><a href="#authenticate_user">Authenticate the user</a>.</li> <li><a href="#update_ui">Update the UI or proceed to a personalized page</a>.</li> </ol> <h3 id="get_credential_information_and_show_account_chooser" data-text="Get credential information and show account chooser" tabindex="-1">Get credential information and show account chooser</h3> <p>Show an account chooser in response to a defined user action, for example, when the user taps the "Sign-In" button. Call <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/CredentialsContainer/get"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">navigator.credentials.get()</code></a>, and add <code translate="no" dir="ltr">mediation: 'optional'</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">mediation: 'required'</code> to show the account chooser.</p> <p>When <code translate="no" dir="ltr">mediation</code> is <code translate="no" dir="ltr">required</code>, the user is always shown an account chooser to sign in. This option allows users with multiple accounts to easily switch between them. When <code translate="no" dir="ltr">mediation</code> is <code translate="no" dir="ltr">optional</code>, the user is explicitly shown an account chooser to sign in after a <a href="/articles/security-credential-management-retrieve-credentials#turn_off_auto_sign-in_for_future_visits"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">navigator.credentials.preventSilentAccess()</code></a> call. This is normally to ensure automatic sign-in doesn't happen after the user chooses to sign-out or unregister.</p> <p>Example showing <code translate="no" dir="ltr">mediation: 'optional'</code>:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-js" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"> var signin = document.querySelector('#signin'); signin.addEventListener('click', e => { if (window.PasswordCredential || window.FederatedCredential) { navigator.credentials.get({ password: true, federated: { providers: [ 'https://accounts.google.com' ] }, mediation: 'optional' }).then(c => { </code></pre> <p>Once the user selects an account, the promise resolves with the credential. If the users cancels the account chooser, or there are no credentials stored, the promise resolves with <code translate="no" dir="ltr">null</code>. In that case, fall back to the sign in form experience.</p> <h3 id="dont_forget_to_fall_back_to_sign-in_form" data-text="Don't forget to fall back to sign-in form" tabindex="-1">Don't forget to fall back to sign-in form</h3> <p>You should fall back to a sign-in form for any of these reasons:</p> <ul> <li>No credentials are stored.</li> <li>The user dismissed the account chooser without selecting an account.</li> <li>The API is not available.</li> </ul> <pre class="prettyprint lang-js" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"> }).then(profile => { if (profile) { updateUI(profile); } else { location.href = '/signin'; } }).catch(error => { location.href = '/signin'; }); </code></pre> <h3 id="full_code_example_2" data-text="Full code example" tabindex="-1">Full code example</h3> <pre class="prettyprint lang-js" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">var signin = document.querySelector('#signin'); signin.addEventListener('click', (e) => { if (window.PasswordCredential || window.FederatedCredential) { navigator.credentials .get({ password: true, federated: { providers: ['https://accounts.google.com'], }, mediation: 'optional', }) .then((c) => { if (c) { switch (c.type) { case 'password': return sendRequest(c); break; case 'federated': return gSignIn(c); break; } } else { return Promise.resolve(); } }) .then((profile) => { if (profile) { updateUI(profile); } else { location.href = '/signin'; } }) .catch((error) => { location.href = '/signin'; }); } }); </code></pre> <h2 id="federated_login" data-text="Federated Login" tabindex="-1">Federated Login</h2> <p>Federated login lets users sign in with one tap and without having to remember additional login details for your website.</p> <p>To implement federated login:</p> <ol> <li>Authenticate the user with a third-party identity.</li> <li>Store the identity information.</li> <li><a href="#update_ui">Update the UI or proceed to a personalized page</a> (same as in auto sign-in).</li> </ol> <h3 id="authenticate_user_with_third-party_identity" data-text="Authenticate user with third-party identity" tabindex="-1">Authenticate user with third-party identity</h3> <p>When a user taps on a federated login button, run the specific identity provider authentication flow with the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/FederatedCredential"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FederatedCredential</code></a>.</p> <p> <div class="wd-browser-compat"> <p>Browser Support</p> <ul> <li data-support="yes"> <img alt="Chrome: 51." src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='24' height='24' viewBox='-10 -10 276 276'%3E%3ClinearGradient id='a' x1='145' x2='34' y1='253' y2='61' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%231e8e3e'/%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%2334a853'/%3E%3C/linearGradient%3E%3ClinearGradient id='b' x1='111' x2='222' y1='254' y2='62' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' 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.then(function (cred) { if (cred) { // Instantiate an auth object var auth2 = gapi.auth2.getAuthInstance(); // Is this user already signed in? if (auth2.isSignedIn.get()) { var googleUser = auth2.currentUser.get(); // Same user as in the credential object? if (googleUser.getBasicProfile().getEmail() === cred.id) { // Continue with the signed-in user. return Promise.resolve(googleUser); } } // Otherwise, run a new authentication flow. return auth2.signIn({ login_hint: id || '', }); } }); </code></pre> <p>Google Sign-In results in an ID token as a proof of authentication.</p> <p>In general, federated logins are built on top of standard protocols such as <a href="http://openid.net/connect/">OpenID Connect</a> or <a href="https://oauth.net/2/">OAuth</a>. To learn how to authenticate with federated accounts, refer to respective federated identity providers' docs. Popular examples include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/identity/sign-in/web">Google Sign-In</a></li> <li><a href="https://developers.facebook.com/docs/facebook-login">Facebook Login</a></li> <li><a href="https://dev.twitter.com/web/sign-in/implementing">Twitter Sign-in</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer.github.com/v3/oauth/">GitHub OAuth</a></li> </ul> <h3 id="store_identity_information" data-text="Store identity information" tabindex="-1">Store identity information</h3> <p>Once authentication is done, you can store the identity information. The information you’ll store here is the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">id</code> from the identity provider and a provider string that represents the identity provider (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">name</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">iconURL</code> are optional). Learn more about this information in the <a href="https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-credential-management/#credential">Credential Management specification</a>.</p> <p>To store federated account details, instantiate a new <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/FederatedCredential"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FederatedCredential</code></a> object with the user's identifier and the provider's identifier. Then invoke <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/CredentialsContainer/store"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">navigator.credentials.store()</code></a> to store the identity information.</p> <p>After successful federation, instantiate a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">FederatedCredential</code> synchronously, or asynchronously:</p> <p>Example of synchronous approach:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-js" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// Create credential object synchronously. var cred = new FederatedCredential({ id: id, // id in IdP provider: 'https://account.google.com', // A string representing IdP name: name, // name in IdP iconURL: iconUrl, // Profile image url }); </code></pre> <p>Example of asynchronous approach:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-js" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// Create credential object asynchronously. var cred = await navigator.credentials.create({ federated: { id: id, provider: 'https://accounts.google.com', name: name, iconURL: iconUrl, }, }); </code></pre> <p>Then store the credential object:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-js" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// Store it navigator.credentials.store(cred).then(function () { // continuation }); </code></pre> <h2 id="sign-out" data-text="Sign out" tabindex="-1">Sign out</h2> <p>Sign out your users when the sign-out button is tapped. First terminate the session, then turn off auto sign-in for future visits. (How you terminate your sessions is totally up to you.)</p> <h3 id="turn_off_auto_sign-in_for_future_visits" data-text="Turn off auto sign-in for future visits" tabindex="-1">Turn off auto sign-in for future visits</h3> <p>Call <code translate="no" dir="ltr">navigator.credentials.preventSilentAccess()</code>:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-js" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">signoutUser(); if (navigator.credentials && navigator.credentials.preventSilentAccess) { navigator.credentials.preventSilentAccess(); } </code></pre> <p>This will ensure the auto sign-in won’t happen until next time the user enables auto sign-in. To resume auto sign-in, a user can choose to intentionally sign in by choosing the account they wish to sign in with from the account chooser. 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