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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Birth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Birth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Le_Petit_Monsieur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_Petit_Monsieur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Le Petit Monsieur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Le_Petit_Monsieur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duke_of_Orléans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duke_of_Orléans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Duke of Orléans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duke_of_Orléans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriages_and_love_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriages_and_love_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Marriages and love life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Marriages_and_love_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Marriages and love life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Marriages_and_love_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_with_Princess_Henrietta_of_England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_with_Princess_Henrietta_of_England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Marriage with Princess Henrietta of England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_with_Princess_Henrietta_of_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Search_for_a_second_bride" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Search_for_a_second_bride"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Search for a second bride</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Search_for_a_second_bride-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_with_Princess_Palatine_Elizabeth_Charlotte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_with_Princess_Palatine_Elizabeth_Charlotte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Marriage with Princess Palatine Elizabeth Charlotte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_with_Princess_Palatine_Elizabeth_Charlotte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Cassel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Cassel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Battle of Cassel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Cassel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_expansion_and_property" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_expansion_and_property"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultural expansion and property</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_expansion_and_property-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Later years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portrayals_in_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portrayals_in_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Portrayals in media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portrayals_in_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Issue</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Issue-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Issue subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>First marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Second marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ancestors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Philippe I, Duke of Orléans</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فيليب الأول، دوق أورليان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيليب الأول، دوق أورليان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felepo_I_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A8ans" title="Felepo I duc d'Orlèans – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Felepo I duc d'Orlèans" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_I_d%27Orleans" title="Felipe I d'Orleans – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Felipe I d'Orleans" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Filipp_(Orlean_hersoqu)" title="I Filipp (Orlean hersoqu) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="I Filipp (Orlean hersoqu)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF_I_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Филип I Орлеански – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Филип I Орлеански" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_I,_vojvoda_Orl%C3%A9ansa" title="Filip I, vojvoda Orléansa – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Filip I, vojvoda Orléansa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulup_Bro-C%27hall_(1640-1701)" title="Fulup Bro-C'hall (1640-1701) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fulup Bro-C'hall (1640-1701)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felip_de_Fran%C3%A7a,_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Felip de França, duc d'Orléans – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Felip de França, duc d'Orléans" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_I._Orle%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Filip I. Orleánský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Filip I. Orleánský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe d'Orléans – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Philippe d'Orléans" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_af_Frankrig,_Hertug_af_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe af Frankrig, Hertug af Orléans – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Philippe af Frankrig, Hertug af Orléans" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_I._de_Bourbon,_duc_d%E2%80%99Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I. de Bourbon, duc d’Orléans – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Philippe I. de Bourbon, duc d’Orléans" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%80%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_(1640-1701)" title="Φίλιππος της Ορλεάνης (1640-1701) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φίλιππος της Ορλεάνης (1640-1701)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_I_de_Orleans" title="Felipe I de Orleans – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Felipe I de Orleans" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipo_de_Francio_(1640-1701)" title="Filipo de Francio (1640-1701) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Filipo de Francio (1640-1701)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipe_I.a_Orleanskoa" title="Filipe I.a Orleanskoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Filipe I.a Orleanskoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85_(%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="فیلیپ یکم (دوک اورلئان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیلیپ یکم (دوک اورلئان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_(1640-1701)" title="Philippe d'Orléans (1640-1701) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Philippe d'Orléans (1640-1701)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%84%EB%A6%AC%ED%94%84_%EB%8F%84%EB%A5%BC%EB%A0%88%EC%95%99_(1640%EB%85%84)" title="필리프 도를레앙 (1640년) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="필리프 도를레앙 (1640년)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_(1640-1701)" title="Philippe d'Orléans (1640-1701) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Philippe d'Orléans (1640-1701)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_I_di_Borbone-Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Filippo I di Borbone-Orléans – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Filippo I di Borbone-Orléans" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F,_%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A1_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F" title="פיליפ הראשון, דוכס אורליאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיליפ הראשון, דוכס אורליאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E_I_(%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98)" title="ფილიპ I (ორლეანი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფილიპ I (ორლეანი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orle%C4%81nas_hercogs_Filips_I" title="Orleānas hercogs Filips I – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Orleānas hercogs Filips I" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCl%C3%B6p_orl%C3%A9ans-i_herceg_(1640%E2%80%931701)" title="Fülöp orléans-i herceg (1640–1701) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fülöp orléans-i herceg (1640–1701)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filips_van_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1640-1701)" title="Filips van Orléans (1640-1701) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Filips van Orléans (1640-1701)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%971%E4%B8%96_(%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E5%85%AC)" title="フィリップ1世 (オルレアン公) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィリップ1世 (オルレアン公)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_I_av_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Filip I av Orléans – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Filip I av Orléans" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felip_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Felip de França – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Felip de França" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_I_Orlea%C5%84ski" title="Filip I Orleański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Filip I Orleański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipe_I,_Duque_de_Orle%C3%A3es" title="Filipe I, Duque de Orleães – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Filipe I, Duque de Orleães" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_al_Fran%C8%9Bei,_duce_de_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Filip al Franței, duce de Orléans – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Filip al Franței, duce de Orléans" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF_I_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Филипп I Орлеанский – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Филипп I Орлеанский" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipo_I,Helusoki_o_Orleans" title="Filipo I,Helusoki o Orleans – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Filipo I,Helusoki o Orleans" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_I._Orle%C3%A1nsky" title="Filip I. Orleánsky – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Filip I. Orleánsky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF_I,_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Филип I, војвода од Орлеана – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Филип I, војвода од Орлеана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_I_(Orl%C3%A9ans)" title="Filip I (Orléans) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Filip I (Orléans)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_I_av_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Filip I av Orléans – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Filip I av Orléans" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_ng_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke ng Orléans – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Philippe I, Duke ng Orléans" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1_%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ฟีลิปที่ 1 ดยุกแห่งออร์เลอ็อง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟีลิปที่ 1 ดยุกแห่งออร์เลอ็อง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BF_I_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Філіпп I Орлеанський – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Філіпп I Орлеанський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_I_x%E1%BB%A9_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I xứ Orléans – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Philippe I xứ Orléans" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E8%89%AF%E5%85%AC%E7%88%B5%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="奧爾良公爵菲利普一世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奧爾良公爵菲利普一世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q296555#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French prince; founder of the House of Orléans</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the first Duke of Orléans named Philippe, see <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Valois,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip of Valois, Duke of Orléans">Philip of Valois, Duke of Orléans</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Philippe I</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Duke of Orléans">Duke of Orléans</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_painting_of_Philippe_of_France,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_holding_a_crown_of_a_child_of_France_(Pierre_Mignard,_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Bordeaux).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Portrait_painting_of_Philippe_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_holding_a_crown_of_a_child_of_France_%28Pierre_Mignard%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Bordeaux%29.jpg/220px-Portrait_painting_of_Philippe_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_holding_a_crown_of_a_child_of_France_%28Pierre_Mignard%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Bordeaux%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Portrait_painting_of_Philippe_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_holding_a_crown_of_a_child_of_France_%28Pierre_Mignard%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Bordeaux%29.jpg/330px-Portrait_painting_of_Philippe_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_holding_a_crown_of_a_child_of_France_%28Pierre_Mignard%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Bordeaux%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Portrait_painting_of_Philippe_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_holding_a_crown_of_a_child_of_France_%28Pierre_Mignard%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Bordeaux%29.jpg/440px-Portrait_painting_of_Philippe_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_holding_a_crown_of_a_child_of_France_%28Pierre_Mignard%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Bordeaux%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mignard" title="Pierre Mignard">Pierre Mignard</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Philippe, Duke of Anjou<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1640-09-21</span>)</span>21 September 1640<br /><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Germain-en-Laye" title="Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">9 June 1701<span style="display:none">(1701-06-09)</span> (aged 60)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Cloud" title="Château de Saint-Cloud">Château de Saint-Cloud</a>, Kingdom of France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data">21 June 1701<br /><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St_Denis" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of St Denis">Basilica of St Denis</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_of_England" title="Henrietta of England">Henrietta of England</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1661; died 1670)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712" /></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate">Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1671)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Issue">more...</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise d'Orléans">Marie Louise, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois">Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Anne Marie d'Orléans">Anne Marie, Queen of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans">Élisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Lorraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a> (by birth)<br /><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">Orléans</a> (founder)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anne of Austria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Philippe I's signature"><img alt="Philippe I's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Signature_of_Philippe_I%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg/125px-Signature_of_Philippe_I%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Signature_of_Philippe_I%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg/188px-Signature_of_Philippe_I%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Signature_of_Philippe_I%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg/250px-Signature_of_Philippe_I%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="328" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Monsieur" title="Monsieur">Monsieur</a></i> <b>Philippe I, Duke of Orléans</b> (21 September 1640 – 9 June 1701) was the younger son of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII of France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anne of Austria</a>, and the younger brother of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>. He was the founder of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a>, a cadet branch of the ruling <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a>. </p><p>Styled <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Anjou">Duke of Anjou</a> from birth, Philippe became <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Duke of Orléans">Duke of Orléans</a> upon the death of his uncle <a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston</a> in 1660. He was also granted the dukedoms of <a href="/wiki/Counts_and_dukes_of_Valois" title="Counts and dukes of Valois">Valois</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_counts_and_dukes_of_Chartres" title="List of counts and dukes of Chartres">Chartres</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Nemours" title="Duke of Nemours">Nemours</a>. Known as <i>le Petit Monsieur</i> or simply <i>Monsieur</i>, Philippe was a distinguished military commander and took part in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Devolution" title="War of Devolution">War of Devolution</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Dutch_War" title="Franco-Dutch War">Franco-Dutch War</a>, the latter of which saw his victory over <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William of Orange</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cassel_(1677)" title="Battle of Cassel (1677)">Battle of Cassel</a>. Through careful personal administration, he greatly augmented the fortunes of the House of Orléans, which rivalled that of the Bourbons. </p><p>Throughout his life, Philippe was open about his preference for male lovers, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Philippe,_Chevalier_de_Lorraine" title="Philippe, Chevalier de Lorraine">Chevalier de Lorraine</a>, and freely acted with <a href="/wiki/Effeminacy" title="Effeminacy">effeminacy</a>. He married twice, first to <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_of_England" title="Henrietta of England">Henrietta of England</a> and then to <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte,_Madame_Palatine" title="Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine">Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate</a>. Two of his daughters, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise d'Orléans">Marie Louise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Anne Marie d'Orléans">Anne Marie</a>, became <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_royal_consorts" title="List of Spanish royal consorts">queens consort of Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Savoyard_consorts" title="List of Savoyard consorts">Sardinia</a>, respectively, while his son <a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe II</a> served as <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gence" title="Régence">regent of France</a> from 1715 to 1723. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth">Birth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Birth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_young_King_Louis_XIV_of_France_(wearing_Fleur-de-lis)_sitting_on_a_throne_with_his_brother_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/A_young_King_Louis_XIV_of_France_%28wearing_Fleur-de-lis%29_sitting_on_a_throne_with_his_brother_Philippe%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg/220px-A_young_King_Louis_XIV_of_France_%28wearing_Fleur-de-lis%29_sitting_on_a_throne_with_his_brother_Philippe%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/A_young_King_Louis_XIV_of_France_%28wearing_Fleur-de-lis%29_sitting_on_a_throne_with_his_brother_Philippe%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg/330px-A_young_King_Louis_XIV_of_France_%28wearing_Fleur-de-lis%29_sitting_on_a_throne_with_his_brother_Philippe%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/A_young_King_Louis_XIV_of_France_%28wearing_Fleur-de-lis%29_sitting_on_a_throne_with_his_brother_Philippe%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg/440px-A_young_King_Louis_XIV_of_France_%28wearing_Fleur-de-lis%29_sitting_on_a_throne_with_his_brother_Philippe%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="1513" /></a><figcaption>Philippe and his elder brother, the future <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>, by an unknown painter</figcaption></figure> <p>Philippe de Bourbon<sup id="cite_ref-Fils_de_France_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fils_de_France-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born on 21 September 1640 at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Germain-en-Laye" title="Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a> in the town of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-en-Laye" title="Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the day before his mother <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anne's</a> 39th birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911286_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911286-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the son of a ruling king, the infant Philippe held the rank of a <i><a href="/wiki/Fils_de_France" title="Fils de France">Fils de France</a></i> (son of France).<sup id="cite_ref-Fils_de_France_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fils_de_France-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, he ranked immediately behind his older brother <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis, Dauphin of France</a>, who inherited the French throne before Philippe reached the age of three. From birth, Philippe was second in line to the throne of France and was entitled to the style of <i>Royal Highness</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fils_de_France_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fils_de_France-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was born in the presence of his father Louis XIII, the <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Marguerite_de_Montmorency" title="Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency">Princess of Condé</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_of_Lorraine,_Duchess_of_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Françoise of Lorraine, Duchess of Vendôme">Duchess of Vendôme</a>, prominent members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a> dynasty. Philippe's cousin, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duchess_of_Montpensier" title="Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier">Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans</a>, noted in her memoirs that the child's birth was marked by celebratory cannons in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes191347_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes191347-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An hour after his birth, he was <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptised</a> in a private ceremony by <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Meaux" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Meaux">Dominique Séguier, Bishop of Meaux</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and given the name Philippe. Louis XIII had wanted to give the infant the title <a href="/wiki/County_of_Artois" title="County of Artois">Count of Artois</a> in honour of a <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Arras_(1640)" title="Siege of Arras (1640)">recent French victory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a> within the county of Artois. However, Louis respected tradition and gave him the title of <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Anjou">Duke of Anjou</a> instead, a title commonly granted to the younger sons of French kings since the fourteenth century. After his baptism, Philippe was put in the care of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_de_Lansac" title="Françoise de Lansac">Françoise de Souvré, marquise de Lansac</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes191348_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes191348-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who also looked after his older brother, in 1643 succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Marie-Catherine_de_Senecey" title="Marie-Catherine de Senecey">Marie-Catherine de Senecey</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Le_Petit_Monsieur">Le Petit Monsieur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Le Petit Monsieur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippe_of_France_after_Juste_d%27Egmont.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Philippe_of_France_after_Juste_d%27Egmont.jpg/190px-Philippe_of_France_after_Juste_d%27Egmont.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Philippe_of_France_after_Juste_d%27Egmont.jpg/285px-Philippe_of_France_after_Juste_d%27Egmont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Philippe_of_France_after_Juste_d%27Egmont.jpg/380px-Philippe_of_France_after_Juste_d%27Egmont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Portrait sent by Anne of Austria to her brother, <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1650 by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Nocret" title="Jean Nocret">Jean Nocret</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At the death of their father Louis XIII in May 1643, Philippe's older brother ascended to the throne of France as Louis XIV. Their mother Queen Anne revoked the late king's will to arrange for a power-sharing agreement with <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Cardinal Mazarin</a>, who had been serving as Louis XIII's <a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_of_France" title="Chief minister of France">chief minister</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anne was now in full control of her children, something she had been vying for since their birth. As the younger brother of the king, Philippe was addressed as <i>le Petit Monsieur</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since his uncle Gaston, who had also been the younger brother of a French king, was still alive. Gaston was then known as <i>le Grand Monsieur</i>. It was not until 1660 at the death of Gaston that Philippe would be known simply as <i>Monsieur</i> or as the Duke of Orléans.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The child Philippe was acknowledged to be attractive, affectionate, and intelligent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes191366_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes191366-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duchess_of_Montpensier" title="Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier">Duchess of Montpensier</a> dubbed him the "prettiest child in the world",<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while his mother's friend and confidant, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Bertaut_de_Motteville" title="Françoise Bertaut de Motteville">Madame de Motteville</a>, later said of Philippe that he displayed a "lively intelligence" early on. From 1646 on Philippe spent some of his childhood at the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Villeroy_(Paris,_1st_arrondissement)" title="Hôtel de Villeroy (Paris, 1st arrondissement)">Hôtel de Villeroy</a> ("Cremerie de Paris"), house of <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Neufville,_1st_Duke_of_Villeroy" title="Nicolas de Neufville, 1st Duke of Villeroy">Nicolas de Villeroy</a>, tutor of his brother Louis XIV. The children played there with Catherine de Villeroy and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufville,_2nd_Duke_of_Villeroy" title="François de Neufville, 2nd Duke of Villeroy">François de Villeroy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the autumn of 1647, at age seven, Philippe caught <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a>, but recovered and convalesced at the <a href="/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal">Palais-Royal</a>. A year later, he was taken from the care of women and, on 11 May 1648 carried out his first official ceremony when he was baptized publicly at the Palais-Royal.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His godparents were his uncle Gaston and aunt Queen <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_France" title="Henrietta Maria of France">Henrietta Maria of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, he was placed in the care of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Mothe_Le_Vayer" title="François de La Mothe Le Vayer">François de La Mothe Le Vayer</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Timol%C3%A9on_de_Choisy" title="François-Timoléon de Choisy">Abbé de Choisy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also educated by the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_de_Choiseul,_1st_Duke_of_Choiseul" title="César de Choiseul, 1st Duke of Choiseul">maréchal du Plessis-Praslin</a>. His tutors were chosen by <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Cardinal Mazarin</a>, who was created the superintendent of the prince's education by his mother. His education emphasized languages, history, literature, mathematics and dancing.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite having a household of his own, his behavior was closely watched by his mother and Mazarin, who made sure that Philippe had no meaningful financial freedom from the crown.<sup id="cite_ref-Barker,_p_54_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker,_p_54-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippe_de_France_wearing_coronation_clothes_for_his_brother,_Ecole_fran%C3%A7aise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Philippe_de_France_wearing_coronation_clothes_for_his_brother%2C_Ecole_fran%C3%A7aise.jpg/190px-Philippe_de_France_wearing_coronation_clothes_for_his_brother%2C_Ecole_fran%C3%A7aise.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Philippe_de_France_wearing_coronation_clothes_for_his_brother%2C_Ecole_fran%C3%A7aise.jpg/285px-Philippe_de_France_wearing_coronation_clothes_for_his_brother%2C_Ecole_fran%C3%A7aise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Philippe_de_France_wearing_coronation_clothes_for_his_brother%2C_Ecole_fran%C3%A7aise.jpg/380px-Philippe_de_France_wearing_coronation_clothes_for_his_brother%2C_Ecole_fran%C3%A7aise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1226" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Philippe dressed for his brother's coronation, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1654 by an unknown artist</figcaption></figure> <p>When Philippe was eight, the civil war known as the <a href="/wiki/Fronde" class="mw-redirect" title="Fronde">Fronde</a> began in France. It lasted until 1653 in its two main phases: the <i>Fronde Parlementaire</i> (1648–1649) and the <i>Fronde des nobles</i> (1650–1653).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the conflict, the royal family was obliged to flee Paris on the night of 9 February 1651<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the safety of Saint-Germain-en-Laye<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in order to avoid a revolt by the nobility against Mazarin. When peace returned, the decision was made for Philippe to move his household to the <a href="/wiki/Palais_des_Tuileries" class="mw-redirect" title="Palais des Tuileries">Palais des Tuileries</a>, previously the residence of the duchess of Montpensier opposite the Palais-Royal.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the coronation of Louis XIV on 7 June 1654, Philippe acted as <a href="/wiki/Dean_(Christianity)" title="Dean (Christianity)">dean</a>, placing the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Charlemagne" title="Crown of Charlemagne">Crown of Charlemagne</a> on his brother's head. All his life, Philippe would be a noted lover of etiquette and panoply, ensuring that all ceremonial details were adhered to.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late June 1658, Louis became gravely ill. Presumed to have <a href="/wiki/Typhoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoid">typhoid</a>, Louis was almost pronounced dead when, in mid-July, he began to recover. The illness made Philippe, <a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">heir presumptive</a> to the throne, the center of attention. For fear of infection, Philippe could not see his brother. During the crisis, Queen Anne became closer to her younger son, showing him more affection.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Louis's recovery, Philippe was once again left to his own devices. Later in 1658, Philippe made his most significant purchase, the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Cloud" title="Château de Saint-Cloud">Château de Saint-Cloud</a>, a building about 10 kilometers west of Paris. On 8 October 1658, its proprietor <a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Hervart" title="Barthélemy Hervart">Barthélemy Hervart</a> organized a sumptuous feast at the château in honor of the royal family. Some two weeks later, on 25 October, Philippe bought the estate for 240,000 <a href="/wiki/Livre_tournois" title="Livre tournois">livres</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barker,_p_54_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker,_p_54-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He immediately began to organize improvements to what was then a small <a href="/wiki/Villa" title="Villa">villa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barker,_p_54_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker,_p_54-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duke_of_Orléans"><span id="Duke_of_Orl.C3.A9ans"></span>Duke of Orléans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Duke of Orléans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Philippe's uncle Gaston died in February 1660,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Duchy of Orléans">Duchy of Orléans</a> reverted to the crown, as he had no surviving male issue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913106_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913106-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The duchy was one of the most highly regarded <a href="/wiki/Appanage" title="Appanage">appanages</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ancien_r%C3%A9gime" title="Ancien régime">ancien régime</a></i>, and it was traditionally Philippe's birthright as the brother of the king. Thus, at the death of Gaston, Philippe himself took on the new style of Duke of Orléans and Louis XIV granted Philippe the title officially on 10 May 1661<sup id="cite_ref-Heraldica_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heraldica-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with the subsidiary titles duke of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Counts_and_Dukes_of_Valois" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Counts and Dukes of Valois">Valois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Chartres" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Chartres">duke of Chartres</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913106_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913106-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all registered peerages with the <a href="/wiki/Parlement_of_Paris" title="Parlement of Paris">Parlement of Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Heraldica_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heraldica-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also granted the lordship of <a href="/wiki/Montargis" title="Montargis">Montargis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anthony195_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthony195-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to discourage the type of tempestuous relationship that had developed between <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a> and his younger brother Gaston, Anne of Austria and <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Cardinal Mazarin</a> made it a private policy to prevent Philippe from pursuing ambitions which might prompt rivalry with or defiance of the king. Aside from his appanage, he was given no meaningful financial freedom from the Crown.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, to his already rich holdings Philippe wanted to add the <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Blois" title="Counts of Blois">countship of Blois</a>, with its <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chambord" title="Château de Chambord">Château de Chambord</a>, and the governorship of <a href="/wiki/Languedoc" title="Languedoc">Languedoc</a>, but both would be refused to him by his brother.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriages_and_love_life">Marriages and love life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Marriages and love life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexuality">Sexuality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sexuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> During his childhood, Queen Anne was observed to address Philippe by such nicknames as "my little girl" and encouraged him to dress in feminine clothing<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even as a young man—a habit he would retain all his life.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A contemporary would later call him the "silliest woman who ever lived", a reference to his effeminacy.<sup id="cite_ref-Crompton,_p_341_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crompton,_p_341-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a young man, Philippe would dress up and attend balls and parties in female attire, for example, dressed as a shepherdess.<sup id="cite_ref-Crompton,_p_341_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crompton,_p_341-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mindful that Gaston's treasonous habits had not only been evoked by the <a href="/wiki/Fronde" class="mw-redirect" title="Fronde">Fronde</a>, but by his secret <a href="/wiki/Elopement" title="Elopement">elopement</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_of_Lorraine" title="Marguerite of Lorraine">foreign princess</a> which had left the royal brothers estranged for years, his <a href="/wiki/Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">homosexual</a> activity was not unwelcome, because it was seen to reduce any potential threat he may have posed to his older brother.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes191369_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes191369-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It appears that 1658 was the key year in which Philippe's sexuality became well defined. Court gossip said that <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Cardinal Mazarin</a>'s own nephew <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Jules_Mancini" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe Jules Mancini">Philippe Jules Mancini</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Nevers" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Nevers">Duke of Nevers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Erlanger75_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erlanger75-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had been the "first to [have] corrupted" Philippe in what was referred to as the "Italian vice"—contemporary slang for male homosexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-Erlanger75_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erlanger75-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philippe certainly did make his first contacts that year with Philippe de Lorraine, known as the <a href="/wiki/Chevalier_de_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevalier de Lorraine">Chevalier de Lorraine</a>, the male lover with whom he would establish the closest emotional attachment throughout his life.<sup id="cite_ref-Crompton,_p_341_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crompton,_p_341-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippe_de_Lorraine_dit_le_Chevalier_de_Lorraine_1643_-_1702.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Philippe_de_Lorraine_dit_le_Chevalier_de_Lorraine_1643_-_1702.jpg/200px-Philippe_de_Lorraine_dit_le_Chevalier_de_Lorraine_1643_-_1702.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Philippe_de_Lorraine_dit_le_Chevalier_de_Lorraine_1643_-_1702.jpg/300px-Philippe_de_Lorraine_dit_le_Chevalier_de_Lorraine_1643_-_1702.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Philippe_de_Lorraine_dit_le_Chevalier_de_Lorraine_1643_-_1702.jpg/400px-Philippe_de_Lorraine_dit_le_Chevalier_de_Lorraine_1643_-_1702.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="806" /></a><figcaption>The Chevalier de Lorraine, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1670 by unknown artist</figcaption></figure> <table class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:20em; max-width:40% clear:right;" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"As greedy as a vulture, <a href="/wiki/Philippe,_Chevalier_de_Lorraine" title="Philippe, Chevalier de Lorraine">this cadet</a> of the French branch of the <a href="/wiki/Dukes_of_Lorraine_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukes of Lorraine family tree">House of Lorraine</a> had, by the end of the 1650s, hooked <i>Monsieur</i> like a harpooned whale. The young prince loved him with a passion that worried <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Anne_Stuart" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrietta Anne Stuart"><i>Madame</i> Henrietta</a> and the court bishop, Cosnac, but it was plain to the King that, thanks to the attractive face and sharp mind of the good-looking chevalier, he would have his way with his brother." </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Excerpt from Dirk Van der Cruysse's <b>Madame Palatine, princesse européenne</b><sup id="cite_ref-cruysse_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cruysse-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Even once married, he reportedly carried on open romantic affairs with German nobles, with no regard to either of his two wives.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philippe's favorites, invariably younger, handsome men, dominated contemporary and historical commentaries about his role at court, as had the <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Mignons" title="Les Mignons">mignons</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III</a>. Philippe was infatuated with the famously arrogant <a href="/wiki/Armand_de_Gramont,_Comte_de_Guiche" title="Armand de Gramont, Comte de Guiche">Armand de Gramont, Comte de Guiche</a>. There were also rumors at court that Philippe in fact had a mistress<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had shown an interest in the <a href="/wiki/Laura_Mancini" title="Laura Mancini">Duchess of Mercœur</a>, Mazarin's niece.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another lover of Philippe at this time was Antoine Coiffier, the Marquis d'Effiat. The latter had entered Philippe's life as captain of the chase and stayed in his household until Philippe's death.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the lovers, one man stands out, Philip of Lorraine-Armagnac,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the never-married Chevalier de Lorraine, who was described as "insinuating, brutal and devoid of scruple".<sup id="cite_ref-cruysse_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cruysse-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Guise" title="House of Guise">House of Guise</a>, ranking as a <i><a href="/wiki/Prince_%C3%A9tranger" title="Prince étranger">prince étranger</a></i>, Philippe could keep him near while at court and promote him within his own household without initially evoking scandal or offending sensibilities. In January 1670, Philippe's wife prevailed upon the king to imprison the chevalier, first near <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, then in the Mediterranean island-fortress of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27If" title="Château d'If">Château d'If</a>. Finally, he was banished to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. However, by February, the Duke of Orléans' protests and pleas persuaded the king to restore him to his brother's entourage.<sup id="cite_ref-cruysse_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cruysse-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_with_Princess_Henrietta_of_England">Marriage with Princess Henrietta of England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marriage with Princess Henrietta of England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presumed_portrait_of_Princess_Henrietta_of_England_overlooking_a_crown_of_a_child_of_France_from_the_circle_of_the_Beaubrun_brothers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Presumed_portrait_of_Princess_Henrietta_of_England_overlooking_a_crown_of_a_child_of_France_from_the_circle_of_the_Beaubrun_brothers.jpg/190px-Presumed_portrait_of_Princess_Henrietta_of_England_overlooking_a_crown_of_a_child_of_France_from_the_circle_of_the_Beaubrun_brothers.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Presumed_portrait_of_Princess_Henrietta_of_England_overlooking_a_crown_of_a_child_of_France_from_the_circle_of_the_Beaubrun_brothers.jpg/285px-Presumed_portrait_of_Princess_Henrietta_of_England_overlooking_a_crown_of_a_child_of_France_from_the_circle_of_the_Beaubrun_brothers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Presumed_portrait_of_Princess_Henrietta_of_England_overlooking_a_crown_of_a_child_of_France_from_the_circle_of_the_Beaubrun_brothers.jpg/380px-Presumed_portrait_of_Princess_Henrietta_of_England_overlooking_a_crown_of_a_child_of_France_from_the_circle_of_the_Beaubrun_brothers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>Philippe's first wife Princess <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_of_England" title="Henrietta of England">Henrietta of England</a> in 1661 by an unknown artist. She was described as a "springtime beauty".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>After Louis XIV's marriage to <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Maria Theresa of Spain">Maria Theresa of Spain</a> on 9 June 1660, Queen Anne turned her attention to the marriage of Philippe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes191395_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes191395-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had previously been encouraged to court his older cousin, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duchess_of_Montpensier" title="Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier">Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier</a>, eldest daughter of Gaston and his first wife <a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Bourbon,_Duchess_of_Montpensier" title="Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier">Marie de Bourbon</a>. Known as <i>Mademoiselle</i> at this time,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes191372_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes191372-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she had an immense private fortune and had previously rejected suitors such as <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Born in 1627, she was the sole heiress of her mother, who died in childbirth. Mademoiselle declined the union, complaining that Philippe always stayed near his mother as if he was "like a child".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mademoiselle instead remained unmarried.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philippe would marry instead another first cousin, Princess <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_of_England" title="Henrietta of England">Henrietta of England</a>, youngest child of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_France" title="Henrietta Maria of France">Henrietta Maria of France</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726188_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726188-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was Philippe's paternal aunt and had taken refuge at the court of France after the birth of Princess Henrietta in 1644. They lived at the Palais-Royal and at the <a href="/wiki/Palais_du_Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="Palais du Louvre">Palais du Louvre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes191399_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes191399-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1660, after the <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">restoration</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">House of Stuart</a> to the throne of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> under her brother Charles II, Princess Henrietta returned to England to visit her sister, the <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Princess_Royal_and_Princess_of_Orange" title="Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange">Princess of Orange</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who later caught <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> and died. The French court officially asked for Henrietta's hand on behalf of Philippe on 22 November 1660 while she was in England.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple signed their marriage contract at the Palais-Royal on 30 March 1661.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ceremony took place the next day in the same building in front of select members of the court.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dowry promised was a hefty 840,000 livres.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Known as <i>Henriette d'Angleterre</i> in France, and <i>Minette</i> to her intimates, she was known officially as <i>Madame</i> and was ever popular with the court. Court gossip later said that the king was the father of Henrietta's first child. Henrietta's very open flirting is said to have caused a jealous Philippe to retaliate by beginning to flaunt his sexuality openly in a less-than-accepting era.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henrietta's flirting with the king started early in the summer of 1661 while the newlyweds were staying at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Palace of Fontainebleau</a> for the summer. Philippe complained to his mother about the intimacy that Louis and Henrietta displayed, which led Queen Anne to reprimand both son and daughter-in-law.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Relations were further strained when Henrietta allegedly seduced Philippe's old lover, the Comte de Guiche.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The couple moved from the Tuileries in early 1662 to the Palais-Royal.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in March of the same year, Philippe became a father when Henrietta gave birth to their daughter <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise d'Orléans">Marie Louise</a>, the future wife of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles II of Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henrietta's disappointment at the birth of a daughter was great, and she even remarked that she should "throw her into the river!"<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This greatly offended Queen Anne, who adored her first granddaughter.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For his part, Philippe would always consider Marie Louise his favourite child. The girl was baptized on 21 May 1662.<sup id="cite_ref-Cartwright,_p_118_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cartwright,_p_118-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the same day Philippe took part in the famous <i>Carrousel du Louvre</i>, where he dressed extravagantly as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Persia">King of Persia</a> with the king as the King of the Romans and all ladies of the court in attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-Cartwright,_p_118_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cartwright,_p_118-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1664, Henrietta gave birth at Fontainebleau to a son who was given the title Duke of Valois.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philippe wrote to his brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a> "that your sister was this morning safely delivered of a fine boy. The child seems to be in excellent health."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The child nonetheless died of <a href="/wiki/Convulsion" title="Convulsion">convulsions</a> in 1666, having been baptized <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois">Philippe Charles d'Orléans</a> hours before death.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The loss of the little Duke of Valois affected Henrietta greatly. Philippe, however, was anxious to maintain the allowance which his son had received from the king.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This death only augmented the grief of a court still in <a href="/wiki/Mourning" title="Mourning">mourning</a> for the death of Queen Anne in January.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The previous year, the Comte de Guiche has been exiled from court with Philippe reporting to his mother that Henrietta had had private interviews with the dashing nobleman.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monsieur_with_his_favourite_daughter_Marie_Louise,_Versailles,_Pierre_Mignard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Monsieur_with_his_favourite_daughter_Marie_Louise%2C_Versailles%2C_Pierre_Mignard.jpg/220px-Monsieur_with_his_favourite_daughter_Marie_Louise%2C_Versailles%2C_Pierre_Mignard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Monsieur_with_his_favourite_daughter_Marie_Louise%2C_Versailles%2C_Pierre_Mignard.jpg/330px-Monsieur_with_his_favourite_daughter_Marie_Louise%2C_Versailles%2C_Pierre_Mignard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Monsieur_with_his_favourite_daughter_Marie_Louise%2C_Versailles%2C_Pierre_Mignard.jpg/440px-Monsieur_with_his_favourite_daughter_Marie_Louise%2C_Versailles%2C_Pierre_Mignard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="619" /></a><figcaption>Philippe holding a medallion of his favourite daughter <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise d'Orléans">Marie Louise</a>,<br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1670, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mignard" title="Pierre Mignard">Pierre Mignard</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Philippe took part in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Devolution" title="War of Devolution">War of Devolution</a> in 1667 while Henrietta remained at Saint-Cloud due to her pregnancy. On the field, Philippe took an active part in the trenches at <a href="/wiki/Tournai" title="Tournai">Tournai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Douai" title="Douai">Douai</a> and distinguished himself through his valor and coolness under fire.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Philippe later became bored with battle and interested himself more in the decoration of his tent. Hearing that Henrietta was ill due to a miscarriage, he returned to Saint-Cloud, where she was recovering from an ordeal which almost cost her her life.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon her recovery, Philippe returned to the battlefield and distinguished himself at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lille_(1667)" title="Siege of Lille (1667)">Siege of Lille</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1670, Henrietta prevailed upon the King to imprison the <a href="/wiki/Philippe,_Chevalier_de_Lorraine" title="Philippe, Chevalier de Lorraine">Chevalier de Lorraine</a>, first near <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, then in the Mediterranean island-fortress of the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27If" title="Château d'If">Château d'If</a>. He was finally banished to Rome after offending the King and Henrietta by boasting that he could get Philippe to divorce her.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In retaliation for the Chevalier's treatment, Philippe withdrew to his estate at Villers-Cotterêts, dragging Henrietta with him.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By February, Philippe's protests and pleas persuaded the King to restore the Chevalier to his brother's entourage. The couple had their last child in August 1669,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913326_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913326-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a daughter who was baptized <a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Anne Marie d'Orléans">Anne Marie</a> at the private chapel of the Palais-Royal on 8 April 1670 by Philippe's first chaplain, the bishop of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Diocese_of_Vabres" title="Ancient Diocese of Vabres">Vabres</a>. </p><p>Henrietta is best known to political historians in France for her part in negotiating the <a href="/wiki/Secret_Treaty_of_Dover" title="Secret Treaty of Dover">Secret Treaty of Dover</a>, an offensive and defensive treaty between England and France signed at Dover on 1 June 1670.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It required France to assist England in her aim to rejoin the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> and England to assist France in her war of conquest against the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Third Anglo-Dutch War">Third Anglo-Dutch War</a> was a direct consequence of this treaty. Having returned to France at the end of June 1670, Henrietta had to endure Philippe's blatant spite<sup id="cite_ref-Barker,_p_114_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker,_p_114-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for her part in the Chevalier's exile and her secret mission to Dover. Despite tense relations, she traveled to Saint-Cloud on 24 June, when she started to complain of pains in her side.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Relaxing at Saint-Cloud on 29 June, she collapsed on the terrace at the palace. Taken inside, she was undressed and started to exclaim that she had been poisoned.<sup id="cite_ref-Barker,_p_114_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker,_p_114-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She subsequently died between the hours of two and three in the morning of 30 June 1670 at the age of 26.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An <a href="/wiki/Autopsy" title="Autopsy">autopsy</a> was performed which found that Henrietta died of <a href="/wiki/Peritonitis" title="Peritonitis">peritonitis</a> caused by a perforated <a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer_disease" title="Peptic ulcer disease">ulcer</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, public rumor claimed she had been poisoned by her husband, and, according to <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Rouvroy,_duc_de_Saint-Simon" title="Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a> in his memoirs, even the king suspected it at first, but the inquiry he conducted revealed that it was the Chevalier de Lorraine and the Marquis d'Effiat who had poisoned her.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mitford,_p_56_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitford,_p_56-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Painting commissioned by Philippe for Saint Cloud, Jean Nocret, 1670 </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis14-Family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Louis14-Family.jpg/800px-Louis14-Family.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="577" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Louis14-Family.jpg/1200px-Louis14-Family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Louis14-Family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1081" /></a><figcaption>A mural depicting the French royal family in classical garb, commissioned <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1670 by Philippe: (L–R) Philippe's aunt and mother-in-law, Queen <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrietta Maria of England">Henrietta Maria of England</a>; Philippe; his daughter, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise d'Orléans">Marie Louise</a>; his wife, <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_of_England" title="Henrietta of England">Henrietta</a> and his mother, Queen <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anne</a> (d. 1666); Philippe's cousins, daughters of his uncle <a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston d'Orléans</a>; his brother, King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>; his nephew, <i><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">le Grand Dauphin</a></i>; his sister-in law, Queen <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Maria Theresa of Spain">Marie Theresa</a> with her daughter <a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_France_(1667%E2%80%931672)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Thérèse of France (1667–1672)">Marie Thérèse, Madame Royale</a>; his nephew, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou">Philippe, Duke of Anjou</a>; standing to the right is his cousin, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duchess_of_Montpensier" title="Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier">Anne Marie, <i>la Grande Mademoiselle</i></a>. The picture frame with the two children are two deceased daughters of Louis and Marie Therèse.</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Search_for_a_second_bride">Search for a second bride</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Search for a second bride"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mathieu,_Antoine_-_Henriette_of_England_holding_a_portrait_of_her_husband_-_Versailles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mathieu%2C_Antoine_-_Henriette_of_England_holding_a_portrait_of_her_husband_-_Versailles.jpg/190px-Mathieu%2C_Antoine_-_Henriette_of_England_holding_a_portrait_of_her_husband_-_Versailles.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mathieu%2C_Antoine_-_Henriette_of_England_holding_a_portrait_of_her_husband_-_Versailles.jpg/285px-Mathieu%2C_Antoine_-_Henriette_of_England_holding_a_portrait_of_her_husband_-_Versailles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mathieu%2C_Antoine_-_Henriette_of_England_holding_a_portrait_of_her_husband_-_Versailles.jpg/380px-Mathieu%2C_Antoine_-_Henriette_of_England_holding_a_portrait_of_her_husband_-_Versailles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1722" data-file-height="2264" /></a><figcaption>Henrietta as <a href="/wiki/Minerva" title="Minerva">Minerva</a> holding a painting of <i>Monsieur</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1665 by Antoine Mathieu</figcaption></figure> <p>Henrietta was mourned greatly at the court of France, but little by her husband, due to their strained relationship. Louis XIV himself looked for a second wife for Philippe, who was eager to have a male heir to continue the Orléans line.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attention again turned to the duchess of Montpensier, by now known as "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">la Grande Mademoiselle</i></span>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913316_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913316-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis himself asked her if she wanted to fill "the vacant place",<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but she politely declined the offer.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis rejected many other candidates before settling on the <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> Princess <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate">Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911286_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911286-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Known as <i>Liselotte</i> within her family, she was the only daughter of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_Louis,_Elector_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine">Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine</a>, and his estranged wife <a href="/wiki/Landgravine_Charlotte_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel">Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams,_p_20_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams,_p_20-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was recommended by <a href="/wiki/Anna_Gonzaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Gonzaga">Anna Gonzaga</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913316_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913316-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a confidante of Philippe's and wife of the bride's uncle, the <a href="/wiki/Edward,_Count_Palatine_of_Simmern" title="Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern">Prince Palatine Edward</a>. Elizabeth Charlotte had grown up with her aunt <a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Hanover" title="Sophia of Hanover">Sophia of Hanover</a> due to her parents' bad relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout her life she would remain in contact with the Electress Sophia, writing some 50,000 letters that detailed life at the court of France.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Princess Palatine was Henrietta's first cousin once removed, since the latter's father, <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a>, was the brother of Elisabeth Charlotte's paternal grandmother, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Stuart,_Queen_of_Bohemia" title="Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia">Elizabeth Stuart</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_with_Princess_Palatine_Elizabeth_Charlotte">Marriage with Princess Palatine Elizabeth Charlotte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Marriage with Princess Palatine Elizabeth Charlotte"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mignard,_after_-_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate,_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans,_and_her_children_-_Royal_Collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mignard%2C_after_-_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate%2C_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_and_her_children_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/190px-Mignard%2C_after_-_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate%2C_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_and_her_children_-_Royal_Collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mignard%2C_after_-_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate%2C_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_and_her_children_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/285px-Mignard%2C_after_-_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate%2C_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_and_her_children_-_Royal_Collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mignard%2C_after_-_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate%2C_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_and_her_children_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/380px-Mignard%2C_after_-_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate%2C_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_and_her_children_-_Royal_Collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1197" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte,_Madame_Palatine" title="Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine">Elizabeth Charlotte</a> with her two children with Philippe, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1679 by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mignard" title="Pierre Mignard">Pierre Mignard</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Philippe married the nineteen-year-old Elizabeth Charlotte, who converted to Roman Catholicism,<sup id="cite_ref-Mitford,_p_56_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitford,_p_56-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 16 November 1671. She was not attractive, as Henrietta had been. When Philippe first saw her, he is said to have remarked, "How will I ever be able to sleep with her?"<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913321_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913321-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Madame_de_S%C3%A9vign%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame de Sévigné">Madame de Sévigné</a> noted how popular the new <i>Madame</i> was with the court. She became renowned for her brusque candor, upright character, and lack of vanity. Her letters record how willingly she gave up sharing Philippe's bed at his request after their children's births and how unwillingly she quietly endured the presence of his male favourites in their household. </p><p>The couple were very happy in the first years of their marriage. The Chevalier de Lorraine was in Italy, but returned in spring 1672. Pregnant later that year, Elizabeth Charlotte gave birth to a son in June 1673 who was named Alexandre Louis and given the title Duke of Valois.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726188_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726188-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The child died, however, in 1676.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second son, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe</a>, followed in 1674,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913327_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913327-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then a daughter, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans">Élisabeth Charlotte</a>, in 1676,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913323_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913323-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after which the two mutually agreed to sleep in separate beds.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elizabeth Charlotte was praised as being a natural mother.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philippe's second son with Elizabeth Charlotte, known as the Duke of Chartres until he inherited the dukedom of Orléans in 1701,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913328_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913328-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later served as <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gence" title="Régence">Regent of France</a> during the minority of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913327_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913327-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elizabeth Charlotte acted as a mother to Philippe's children by Henrietta and maintained correspondence with them until her last days.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913323_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913323-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle_of_Cassel">Battle of Cassel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Battle of Cassel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Having already established himself as a successful military commander during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Devolution" title="War of Devolution">War of Devolution</a> in 1667, Philippe was eager to return to the field. In 1676 and 1677 he took part in sieges in Flanders, and was promoted to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">lieutenant general</a>, which made him second-in-command to Louis XIV himself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913352_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913352-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:20em; max-width:40%; clear:right;" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<i>The people of Paris went wild with joy. They really love Monsieur. But at court they'd wished he'd lost the battle for the king's sake...</i>" </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Extract from the memoirs of <b>Primi Visconti</b><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The most impressive victory won under Philippe's command took place on 11 April 1677: the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cassel_(1677)" title="Battle of Cassel (1677)">Battle of Cassel</a> against <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III, Prince of Orange</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Pevitt,_p_17_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pevitt,_p_17-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later the king of England and son of Philippe's own first cousin <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Princess_Royal_and_Princess_of_Orange" title="Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange">Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange</a>. William decided to relieve some besieged towns; from <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a> he marched with 32,000 men through <a href="/wiki/Poperinge" title="Poperinge">Poperinge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxela%C3%ABre" title="Oxelaëre">Oxelaëre</a> in the Cassel Valley. Philippe, who learned of his plans, arranged to meet William's forces at Penebeek between <a href="/wiki/Noordpeene" title="Noordpeene">Noordpeene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zuytpeene" title="Zuytpeene">Zuytpeene</a>. Louis XIV sent him some 25,000 foot-soldiers and 9,000 cavalry from <a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a> under the command of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Henri_de_Montmorency,_duc_de_Luxembourg" title="François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg">Marshal Luxembourg</a>. By nightfall there were 66,000 soldiers ready for battle. The Dutch attacked the French positions without scouting first. Marshal Luxembourg surprised the Dutch with a cavalry attack that practically destroyed three battalions and routed William's army. In all, casualties on both sides amounted to 4,200 dead and 7,000 wounded. Philippe was hailed for his skill as a military commander, much to the annoyance of his brother, the king.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was presumably jealous of Philippe's growing popularity at court as well as on the battlefield.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911286_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911286-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In honor of his victory at Cassel, Philippe set up a <a href="/wiki/Barnabites" title="Barnabites">Barnabite College</a> in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams,_p_17_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams,_p_17-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The campaign marked the end of his military career; he soon immersed himself once again in a life of pleasure.<sup id="cite_ref-Pevitt,_p_17_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pevitt,_p_17-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_expansion_and_property">Cultural expansion and property</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cultural expansion and property"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the time of the victory at Cassel until the 1690s, Philippe mainly concentrated his energies on the expansion of his estates, personal fortune, and art collection, including the renovation of his residences, the <a href="/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal">Palais-Royal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Cloud" title="Château de Saint-Cloud">Château de Saint-Cloud</a>. The latter was his favorite residence,<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the home of an ever-expanding and "stormy" court.<sup id="cite_ref-Mitford,_p_56_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitford,_p_56-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philippe became an important patron of the artists <a href="/wiki/Jean_Nocret" title="Jean Nocret">Jean Nocret</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mignard" title="Pierre Mignard">Pierre Mignard</a>, both of whom were employed to elaborate the décor at Saint-Cloud and the Palais-Royal. As early as 1660, Philippe also ordered <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lepautre" title="Antoine Lepautre">Antoine Lepautre</a> to begin extensions at Saint-Cloud; later he became <i>contrôleur général</i> of Philippe's properties.<sup id="cite_ref-Pevitt,_p_17_101-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pevitt,_p_17-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint-Cloud;_maison_du_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Saint-Cloud%3B_maison_du_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg/215px-Saint-Cloud%3B_maison_du_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Saint-Cloud%3B_maison_du_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg/323px-Saint-Cloud%3B_maison_du_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Saint-Cloud%3B_maison_du_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg/430px-Saint-Cloud%3B_maison_du_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Cloud" title="Château de Saint-Cloud">Château de Saint Cloud</a></i><br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1677</figcaption></figure> <p>Following Lepautre's death in 1679, work on Saint-Cloud was continued by his executive assistant <a href="/wiki/Jean_Girard" title="Jean Girard">Jean Girard</a> in collaboration with Thomas Gobert. Later on, Philippe sought <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hardouin-Mansart" title="Jules Hardouin-Mansart">Jules Hardouin-Mansart</a> to design a grand staircase in the left wing in the manner of the Ambassadors' Staircase at Versailles. The gardens were redesigned by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Le_N%C3%B4tre" title="André Le Nôtre">André Le Nôtre</a>, while the basin and lowermost canal were added by Mansart in 1698. At the time of Philippe's death in 1701, the estate of Saint-Cloud covered some 1,200 acres (4.9 km<sup>2</sup>). Saint-Cloud remained with the Orléans family until 1785, when Philippe's great-grandson <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe d'Orléans</a> sold it to <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a>, Philippe's great-granddaughter, for the sum of six million livres.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Minor improvements at the Palais-Royal began in 1661 at the time of Philippe's marriage to Henrietta, but the property was part of the crown holdings, and had not been used officially for years.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philippe was limited in what he could do to renovate the building until it was given to him in 1692.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philippe again turned to Mansart for assistance in modernizing it. The interior décor was entrusted to <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Coypel" title="Antoine Coypel">Antoine Coypel</a>, whose father <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coypel" title="Noël Coypel">Noël Coypel</a> had previously worked at the palace.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1695, Philippe bought a small island in the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> directly opposite the château, which he renamed the "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Île de Monsieur</i></span>". </p><p>Philippe not only enjoyed architecture and court society, but also music and dancing; he was in fact famed for his exceptional dancing abilities. Philippe was a patron of musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Jean-Henri_d%27Anglebert" title="Jean-Henri d'Anglebert">Jean-Henri d'Anglebert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Dumont" title="Henri Dumont">Henri Dumont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Antoine_Arlaud" title="Jacques-Antoine Arlaud">Jacques-Antoine Arlaud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marie_Aubry" title="Marie Aubry">Marie Aubry</a>, many of whom would stay part of his son's household after his death in 1701. <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully">Jean-Baptiste Lully</a> was also a protégé of Philippe after he left Mademoiselle's household. Philippe's small art collection created the basis for the <i><a href="/wiki/Orleans_Collection" title="Orleans Collection">Orleans Collection</a></i>, one of the most important art collections ever assembled.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the permission of the <a href="/wiki/Parlement_of_Paris" title="Parlement of Paris">Parlement of Paris</a>, Philippe sponsored projects to help maintain his estates and enhance their profitability. From 1679, he was granted the right to build the <a href="/wiki/Canal_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal d'Orléans">Canal d'Orléans</a>, a large <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canal</a> that connected the River <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a> at <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> to a junction with the <a href="/wiki/Canal_du_Loing" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal du Loing">Canal du Loing</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canal_de_Briare" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal de Briare">Canal de Briare</a> in the village of <a href="/wiki/Buges" title="Buges">Buges</a> near <a href="/wiki/Montargis" title="Montargis">Montargis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barker,_p_186_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker,_p_186-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the largest canal built in France since Philippe's grandfather <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a> built the <a href="/wiki/Briare_Canal" title="Briare Canal">Canal de Briare</a> in 1604, its construction was considered an engineering feat. The canal, used to transport goods from Orléans to Paris, was a great success in its time<sup id="cite_ref-Barker,_p_186_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker,_p_186-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is still used widely today. Philippe's careful investment and management of his various estates made him a wealthy man in his own right, and his fortune was augmented considerably at the death of his cousin Mademoiselle in 1693. Philippe is acknowledged as being not only the biological founder of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a>, but as financial founder<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of a family whose monetary value would rival that of the main line of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fraser,_p_279_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraser,_p_279-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:After_Hyacinthe_Rigaud_-_So-called_portrait_to_Phillipe,_Duc_d%27Orleans,_Regent_of_France.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/After_Hyacinthe_Rigaud_-_So-called_portrait_to_Phillipe%2C_Duc_d%27Orleans%2C_Regent_of_France.png/200px-After_Hyacinthe_Rigaud_-_So-called_portrait_to_Phillipe%2C_Duc_d%27Orleans%2C_Regent_of_France.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/After_Hyacinthe_Rigaud_-_So-called_portrait_to_Phillipe%2C_Duc_d%27Orleans%2C_Regent_of_France.png/300px-After_Hyacinthe_Rigaud_-_So-called_portrait_to_Phillipe%2C_Duc_d%27Orleans%2C_Regent_of_France.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/After_Hyacinthe_Rigaud_-_So-called_portrait_to_Phillipe%2C_Duc_d%27Orleans%2C_Regent_of_France.png 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Later portrait <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1695 after Hyacinthe Rigaud</figcaption></figure><p>Upon the death of Mademoiselle in 1693, Philippe acquired the dukedoms of Montpensier, Châtellerault, Saint-Fargeau and Beaupréau.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726187_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726187-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also became prince of <a href="/wiki/Joinville,_Haute-Marne" title="Joinville, Haute-Marne">Joinville</a>, count of Dourdan, Mortain and Bar-sur-Seine and viscount of Auge and Domfront. In later life, Philippe was thus able to maintain his lavish lifestyle easily, and he found much satisfaction in the activities of his children and grandchildren. Both of his daughters by his first wife Henrietta married influential European sovereigns, eventually becoming <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">queens</a>, and his son the Duke of Chartres pursued an active and distinguished military career, having served at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Steenkerque" title="Battle of Steenkerque">Battle of Steenkerque</a> in 1692 as well as the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Namur_(1692)" title="Siege of Namur (1692)">Siege of Namur</a>, much to his father's pride.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As he had with Philippe, Louis XIV was careful to limit the power of Chartres. </p><table class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:20em; max-width:40% clear:right;" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<i>I won Monsieur over during the last three years of his life. We even used to laugh together about his weaknesses... He had confidence in me and always took my side, but before that I used to suffer dreadfully. I was just beginning to be happy when the Almighty took poor Monsieur from me</i>" </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate">Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate</a></b> writing in 1716 to the <b><a href="/wiki/Caroline_of_Ansbach" title="Caroline of Ansbach">Princess of Wales</a></b> regarding their mutual affection in the later years of their marriage<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1696, Philippe's granddaughter <a href="/wiki/Marie-Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy">Marie-Adélaïde</a> came to the French court from Italy for her marriage to <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy">Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a>, who was third in line to the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two were married in 1697 and became the parents of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1701, Chartres was denied a position on the front in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>, which began that year.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This slight was the source of great bitterness on the part of both father and son after. The pretext seems to have been the behavior of Chartres in parading his mistress Mademoiselle de Séry in view of his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 June 1701, Louis XIV and Philippe met at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Marly" title="Château de Marly">Château de Marly</a> to dine together. At first meeting, Louis XIV attacked Philippe about Chartres' conduct with Mademoiselle de Séry.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philippe responded by reprimanding Louis for similar conduct with his own mistresses during his marriage to Queen Marie Thérèse,<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adding that Chartres had still not received the favors promised to him for having married the King's <a href="/wiki/Legitimation#Family_law" title="Legitimation">legitimized</a> daughter, Françoise Marie.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913361_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913361-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, the announcement of dinner halted the argument, and the brothers sat down to dine.<sup id="cite_ref-Barker,_p_231_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker,_p_231-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Philippe angrily returned to Saint-Cloud early the same evening to dine with his son. Philippe collapsed onto his son after suffering a fatal <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at noon 9 June 1701 at the age of sixty.<sup id="cite_ref-Barker,_p_231_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker,_p_231-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis XIV, upon hearing his only sibling had died, said "I cannot believe I will never see my brother again."<sup id="cite_ref-Fraser,_p_320_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraser,_p_320-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Duchess of Burgundy, his granddaughter, was likewise distraught, avowing that she "had loved Monsieur very much".<sup id="cite_ref-Mitford,_p_204_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitford,_p_204-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philippe's heart was taken to the <a href="/wiki/Val-de-Gr%C3%A2ce" title="Val-de-Grâce">Val-de-Grâce</a> convent on 14 June,<sup id="cite_ref-Barker,_p_231_123-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker,_p_231-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his body was taken on 21 June to the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St_Denis" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of St Denis">Basilica of St Denis</a>, where it remained until the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, at which time the basilica was desecrated and all graves destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Worried that she would be put in a convent, a stipulation of her <a href="/wiki/Marriage_contract" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage contract">marriage contract</a> in the event of Philippe's death,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elizabeth Charlotte was assured by the king that she could remain at court as long as she wished.<sup id="cite_ref-Fraser,_p_320_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraser,_p_320-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She burnt all the letters of Philippe's lovers through the years,<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lest they fall into "the wrong hands",<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> observing that the scent of the perfumed letters nauseated her.<sup id="cite_ref-Fraser,_p_320_125-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraser,_p_320-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis XIV assured the new Duke of Orléans, formerly the Duke of Chartres, that the past was forgotten and that henceforth he was to look on him as his father.<sup id="cite_ref-Mitford,_p_204_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitford,_p_204-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court was devastated,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913367_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913367-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his old friend, Louis XIV's discarded mistress <a href="/wiki/Madame_de_Montespan" title="Madame de Montespan">Madame de Montespan</a>, was also greatly affected, the two having been very close.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The widowed Elizabeth Charlotte continued to write frequently to her <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans">daughter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Anne Marie d'Orléans">stepdaughter</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Duchess_Charlotte_Felicitas_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" title="Duchess Charlotte Felicitas of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Duchess of Modena</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_of_Ansbach" title="Caroline of Ansbach">Princess of Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She herself died at Saint-Cloud in December 1722,<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was also buried at Saint-Denis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726188_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726188-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portrayals_in_media">Portrayals in media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Portrayals in media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Special:EditPage/Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Philippe has been portrayed in various modern media: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Private_Life_of_Louis_XIV" title="The Private Life of Louis XIV">The Private Life of Louis XIV</a></i> (1935 film), played by <a href="/wiki/Hans_St%C3%BCwe" title="Hans Stüwe">Hans Stüwe</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liselotte_of_the_Palatinate_(1966_film)" title="Liselotte of the Palatinate (1966 film)">Liselotte of the Palatinate</a></i> (1966 film), played by <a href="/wiki/Harald_Leipnitz" title="Harald Leipnitz">Harald Leipnitz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Taking_of_Power_by_Louis_XIV" title="The Taking of Power by Louis XIV">The Taking of Power by Louis XIV</a></i> (1966 film), played by Pierre Pernet</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marquise_(film)" title="Marquise (film)">Marquise</a></i> (1997 film), played by Franck de La Personne</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_in_the_Iron_Mask_(1998_film)" title="The Man in the Iron Mask (1998 film)">The Man in the Iron Mask</a></i> (1998 film), played by <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vatel_(film)" title="Vatel (film)">Vatel</a></i> (2000 film), played by <a href="/wiki/Murray_Lachlan_Young" title="Murray Lachlan Young">Murray Lachlan Young</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_II:_The_Power_and_the_Passion" title="Charles II: The Power and the Passion">Charles II: The Power and the Passion</a></i> (2003 mini-series), played by <a href="/wiki/Cyrille_Thouvenin" title="Cyrille Thouvenin">Cyrille Thouvenin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Roi_Soleil_(musical)" title="Le Roi Soleil (musical)">Le Roi Soleil</a></i> (2005 musical), played by <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Ma%C3%A9" title="Christophe Maé">Christophe Maé</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Little_Chaos" title="A Little Chaos">A Little Chaos</a></i> (2015 film), played by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Tucci" title="Stanley Tucci">Stanley Tucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles_(TV_series)" title="Versailles (TV series)"><i>Versailles</i></a> (2015 TV series), played by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vlahos" title="Alexander Vlahos">Alexander Vlahos</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issue">Issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_with_the_coronet_of_a_%22Son_of_France%22_(Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_with_the_coronet_of_a_%22Son_of_France%22_%28Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit%29.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_with_the_coronet_of_a_%22Son_of_France%22_%28Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_with_the_coronet_of_a_%22Son_of_France%22_%28Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit%29.svg/330px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_with_the_coronet_of_a_%22Son_of_France%22_%28Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_with_the_coronet_of_a_%22Son_of_France%22_%28Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit%29.svg/440px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_with_the_coronet_of_a_%22Son_of_France%22_%28Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption>Philippe's coat of arms from 1660 until his death: <i><a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">Azure</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">fleur-de-lis</a> <a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">Or</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cadency" title="Cadency">differenced</a> by a label <a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a></i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_marriage">First marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: First marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Married his first cousin, Princess <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_of_England" title="Henrietta of England">Henrietta of England</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_France" title="Henrietta Maria of France">Henrietta Maria of France</a>, on 31 March 1661, at the Palais-Royal. The couple had three children, in addition to four miscarriages and one stillbirth: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise d'Orléans">Marie Louise d'Orléans</a> (26 March 1662 – 12 February 1689) married <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles II of Spain</a>, no issue<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911286_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911286-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Miscarriage (1663)<sup id="cite_ref-Weir254_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weir254-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois">Philippe Charles d'Orléans</a>, Duke of Valois (16 July 1664 – 8 December 1666) died in infancy<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913328_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913328-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Stillborn daughter (9 July 1665)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726188_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726188-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Miscarriage (1666)<sup id="cite_ref-Weir254_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weir254-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Miscarriage (1667)<sup id="cite_ref-Weir254_135-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weir254-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Miscarriage (1668)<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Anne Marie d'Orléans">Anne Marie d'Orléans</a> (27 August 1669 – 26 August 1728) married <a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II" title="Victor Amadeus II">Victor Amadeus II</a>, Duke of Savoy (future king of Sardinia) and had issue<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_marriage">Second marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Second marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Married <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate">Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_Louis,_Elector_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine">Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Landgravine_Charlotte_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel">Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911286_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911286-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 16 November 1671 at <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne" title="Châlons-en-Champagne">Châlons</a>. The couple had three children:<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Alexandre Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Valois (2 June 1673 – 16 March 1676) died in childhood;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913328_98-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913328-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</a> (2 August 1674 – 2 December 1723) married <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Marie_de_Bourbon" title="Françoise Marie de Bourbon">Françoise Marie de Bourbon</a>, <i>Légitimée de France</i>, and had issue;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913327_94-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913327-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans">Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans</a> (13 September 1676 – 24 December 1744) married <a href="/wiki/Leopold,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Leopold, Duke of Lorraine">Leopold, Duke of Lorraine</a>, and had issue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913329_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913329-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestors">Ancestors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ancestors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268078990">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Philippe of France</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Antoine_of_Navarre" title="Antoine of Navarre">Antoine of Navarre</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726145–146_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726145–146-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Albret" title="Jeanne d'Albret">Jeanne III of Navarre</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII of France</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Francesco_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica-Marie_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-Marie-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726145–146_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726145–146-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany" title="Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany">Joanna of Austria</a><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica-Marie_143-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-Marie-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a><sup id="cite_ref-BLKO-Philip_III_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLKO-Philip_III-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip III of Spain</a><sup id="cite_ref-BLKO-Anna_von_Oesterreich_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLKO-Anna_von_Oesterreich-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Spain" title="Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain">Anna of Austria</a><sup id="cite_ref-BLKO-Philip_III_144-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLKO-Philip_III-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anne of Austria</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Charles II, Archduke of Austria">Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria</a><sup id="cite_ref-BLKO-Margaretha_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLKO-Margaretha-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Spain" title="Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain">Margaret of Austria</a><sup id="cite_ref-BLKO-Anna_von_Oesterreich_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLKO-Anna_von_Oesterreich-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Bavaria_(born_1551)" title="Maria Anna of Bavaria (born 1551)">Maria Anna of Bavaria</a><sup id="cite_ref-BLKO-Margaretha_145-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLKO-Margaretha-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Descendants_of_Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Descendants of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Descendants of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_II_Co%C3%ABffier_de_Ruz%C3%A9" title="Antoine II Coëffier de Ruzé">Antoine II Coëffier de Ruzé</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fils_de_France-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fils_de_France_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fils_de_France_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fils_de_France_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFrançois_Velde2005" class="citation web cs1">François Velde (4 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/frroyal.htm">"The French Royal Family: Titles and Customs"</a>. heraldica.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+French+Royal+Family%3A+Titles+and+Customs&rft.pub=heraldica.org&rft.date=2005-07-04&rft.au=Fran%C3%A7ois+Velde&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldica.org%2Ftopics%2Ffrance%2Ffrroyal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+I%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philippe-I-de-France-duc-dOrleans">"Philippe I de France, duc d'Orléans"</a>. <i>Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 5 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Philippe+I+de+France%2C+duc+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&rft.date=2023-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FPhilippe-I-de-France-duc-dOrleans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+I%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911286-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911286_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911286_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911286_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911286_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911286_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes191347-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes191347_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStokes1913">Stokes 1913</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes191348-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes191348_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStokes1913">Stokes 1913</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-of-Austria">"Anne of Austria"</a>. <i>Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Anne+of+Austria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FAnne-of-Austria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+I%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.chateauversailles.fr/discover/history/great-characters/philippe-i-duke-orleans">"PHILIPPE I, DUKE OF ORLÉANS"</a>. <i>Château de Versailles</i>. Ministère de la culture. 27 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ch%C3%A2teau+de+Versailles&rft.atitle=PHILIPPE+I%2C+DUKE+OF+ORL%C3%89ANS&rft.date=2016-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.chateauversailles.fr%2Fdiscover%2Fhistory%2Fgreat-characters%2Fphilippe-i-duke-orleans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+I%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes191366-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes191366_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStokes1913">Stokes 1913</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://villeroy-bourbon.com/louisxiv/">Louis XIV and Philippe d'Orléans at the Cremerie de Paris / Hotel de Villeroy</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStrickland1885" class="citation book cs1">Strickland, Agnes (1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TLCTalzBUHUC"><i>Lives of the Queens of England From the Norman Conquest</i></a> (Volume 5 ed.). 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id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes191372-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes191372_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStokes1913">Stokes 1913</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSackville-West1959">Sackville-West 1959</a>, p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSackville-West1959">Sackville-West 1959</a>, p. 181</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSackville-West1959">Sackville-West 1959</a>, p. 224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726188-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726188_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726188_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726188_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726188_50-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnselme1726">Anselme 1726</a>, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes191399-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes191399_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStokes1913">Stokes 1913</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartwright1900">Cartwright 1900</a>, p. 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartwright1900">Cartwright 1900</a>, p. 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartwright1900">Cartwright 1900</a>, p. 84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 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</li> <li id="cite_note-Cartwright,_p_118-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cartwright,_p_118_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cartwright,_p_118_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartwright1900">Cartwright 1900</a>, p. 118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartwright1900">Cartwright 1900</a>, p. 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartwright1900">Cartwright 1900</a>, p. 164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartwright1900">Cartwright 1900</a>, p. 240</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartwright1900">Cartwright 1900</a>, p. 241</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMitford1966">Mitford 1966</a>, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartwright1900">Cartwright 1900</a>, p. 116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartwright1900">Cartwright 1900</a>, p. 243</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartwright1900">Cartwright 1900</a>, p. 244</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartwright1900">Cartwright 1900</a>, p. 245</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartwright1900">Cartwright 1900</a>, p. 307</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartwright1900">Cartwright 1900</a>, p. 312</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913326-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913326_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStokes1913">Stokes 1913</a>, p. 326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartwright1900">Cartwright 1900</a>, p. 278</span> </li> <li 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<span class="reference-text">Saint-Simon, <i>Mémoires,</i> Volume III, Chapter IX, "Description de l'exil du chevalier de Lorraine et de la mort de Madame"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mitford,_p_56-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mitford,_p_56_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mitford,_p_56_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mitford,_p_56_83-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMitford1966">Mitford 1966</a>, p. 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFraser2006">Fraser 2006</a>, p. 157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913316-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913316_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913316_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStokes1913">Stokes 1913</a>, p. 316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSackville-West1959">Sackville-West 1959</a>, p. 234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams,_p_20-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Williams,_p_20_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1909">Williams 1909</a>, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_Charlotte_of_the_PalatinateStevenson1924" 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<span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913321-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913321_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStokes1913">Stokes 1913</a>, p. 321.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913327-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913327_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913327_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913327_94-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStokes1913">Stokes 1913</a>, p. 327.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913323-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913323_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913323_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStokes1913">Stokes 1913</a>, p. 323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFraser2006">Fraser 2006</a>, p. 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913328-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913328_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913328_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913328_98-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStokes1913">Stokes 1913</a>, p. 328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913352-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913352_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStokes1913">Stokes 1913</a>, p. 352.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuckley2008">Buckley 2008</a>, p. 180</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pevitt,_p_17-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pevitt,_p_17_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pevitt,_p_17_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pevitt,_p_17_101-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPevitt1997">Pevitt 1997</a>, p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams,_p_17-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Williams,_p_17_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1909">Williams 1909</a>, p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPevitt1997">Pevitt 1997</a>, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saint-Albin, pp 7, 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVatout1830">Vatout 1830</a>, pp. 58–59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVatout1830">Vatout 1830</a>, p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson, Peter; <i>Wisdom and Strength, the Biography of a Renaissance Masterpiece</i>, Hutchinson, 1990. p 202</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barker,_p_186-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barker,_p_186_110-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barker,_p_186_110-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 186</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 198</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fraser,_p_279-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fraser,_p_279_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFraser2006">Fraser 2006</a>, p. 279</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726187-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726187_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnselme1726">Anselme 1726</a>, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPevitt1997">Pevitt 1997</a>, p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrompton2006">Crompton 2006</a>, p. 345</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFraser2006">Fraser 2006</a>, p. 298</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPevitt1997">Pevitt 1997</a>, p. 111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1999">Lynn 1999</a>, p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPevitt1997">Pevitt 1997</a>, p. 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 220</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFraser2006">Fraser 2006</a>, p. 319</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1913361-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1913361_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStokes1913">Stokes 1913</a>, p. 361.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barker,_p_231-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barker,_p_231_123-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barker,_p_231_123-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barker,_p_231_123-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 231</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPevitt1997">Pevitt 1997</a>, p. 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fraser,_p_320-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fraser,_p_320_125-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fraser,_p_320_125-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fraser,_p_320_125-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFraser2006">Fraser 2006</a>, p. 320</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mitford,_p_204-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mitford,_p_204_126-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mitford,_p_204_126-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMitford1966">Mitford 1966</a>, p. 204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker1989">Barker 1989</a>, p. 232</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooke_Taylor1849">Cooke Taylor 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Vol. 7. p. 13 – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Habsburg%2C+Margaretha+%28K%C3%B6nigin+von+Spanien%29&rft.btitle=Biographisches+Lexikon+des+Kaiserthums+Oesterreich&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+I%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Philippe_of_France,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans">Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnselme1726" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anselme de Sainte-Marie, Père (1726). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k76026j"><i>Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France</i></a> [<i>Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France</i>] (in French). 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Chambéry: Société Savoisienne d'Histoire et d'Archéologie. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-85092-037-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-85092-037-0"><bdi>978-2-85092-037-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Une+histoire+oubli%C3%A9e.+Philippe+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans+et+la+Maison+de+Savoie&rft.place=Chamb%C3%A9ry&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Savoisienne+d%27Histoire+et+d%27Arch%C3%A9ologie&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-2-85092-037-0&rft.aulast=Lurgo&rft.aufirst=Elisabetta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+I%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLurgo2018" class="citation book cs1">Lurgo, Elisabetta (2018). <i>Philippe d'Orléans, frère de Louis XIV</i>. Paris: Perrin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-26207-516-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-26207-516-3"><bdi>978-2-26207-516-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philippe+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C+fr%C3%A8re+de+Louis+XIV&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Perrin&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-2-26207-516-3&rft.aulast=Lurgo&rft.aufirst=Elisabetta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+I%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLynn1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Lynn" title="John A. Lynn">Lynn, John</a> (1999). <i>The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714</i>. New York: Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-05629-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-05629-2"><bdi>0-582-05629-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wars+of+Louis+XIV%2C+1667%E2%80%931714&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-582-05629-2&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+I%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKleinman1985" class="citation book cs1">Kleinman, Ruth (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=li-yAAAAIAAJ"><i>Anne of Austria: Queen of France</i></a>. University of California: Ohio State University Press. p. 279. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814203897" title="Special:BookSources/9780814203897"><bdi>9780814203897</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anne+of+Austria%3A+Queen+of+France&rft.place=University+of+California&rft.pages=279&rft.pub=Ohio+State+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780814203897&rft.aulast=Kleinman&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dli-yAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+I%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMitford1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Mitford" title="Nancy Mitford">Mitford, Nancy</a> (1966). <i>The Sun King</i>. London: Penguin Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-023967-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-023967-7"><bdi>0-14-023967-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sun+King&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Publishing&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=0-14-023967-7&rft.aulast=Mitford&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+I%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPevitt1997" class="citation book cs1">Pevitt, Christine (1997). <i>The Man Who Would be King:The Life of Philippe d'Orléans, Regent of France</i>. Weidenfeld & Nicolson History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780753804599" title="Special:BookSources/9780753804599"><bdi>9780753804599</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+Who+Would+be+King%3AThe+Life+of+Philippe+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C+Regent+of+France&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson+History&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780753804599&rft.aulast=Pevitt&rft.aufirst=Christine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+I%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSackville-West1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vita_Sackville-West" title="Vita Sackville-West">Sackville-West, Vita</a> (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/daughteroffrance00sack/page/74/mode/2up"><i>Daughter of France: The life of Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, duchesse de Montpensier 1627–1693</i></a>. London: Michael Joseph.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daughter+of+France%3A+The+life+of+Anne+Marie+Louise+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C+duchesse+de+Montpensier+1627%E2%80%931693&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Michael+Joseph&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Sackville-West&rft.aufirst=Vita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdaughteroffrance00sack%2Fpage%2F74%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+I%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Saint-Albin, Philippe de:<i>Palais de Saint-Cloud, résidence impériale</i>, Paris, 1864</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStokes1913" class="citation book cs1">Stokes, Hugh (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9LuqmnRaPgoC"><i>A Prince of Pleasure: Philip of France and His Court, 1640-1701</i></a>. University of Virginia: H. Jenkins, Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1230222510" title="Special:BookSources/1230222510"><bdi>1230222510</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Prince+of+Pleasure%3A+Philip+of+France+and+His+Court%2C+1640-1701&rft.place=University+of+Virginia&rft.pub=H.+Jenkins%2C+Limited&rft.date=1913&rft.isbn=1230222510&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9LuqmnRaPgoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+I%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVan_der_Cruysse1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Van der Cruysse, Dirk (1988). <i><span></span></i>Madame Palatine, princesse européenne<i><span></span></i> (in French). Fayard. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-213-02200-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-213-02200-0"><bdi>978-2-213-02200-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madame+Palatine%2C+princesse+europ%C3%A9enne&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-2-213-02200-0&rft.aulast=Van+der+Cruysse&rft.aufirst=Dirk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+I%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVatout1830" class="citation book cs1">Vatout, Jean (1830). <i>Histoire du Palais-royal</i>. Paris.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+du+Palais-royal&rft.place=Paris&rft.date=1830&rft.aulast=Vatout&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+I%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1909" class="citation book cs1">Williams, H. Noel (1909). <i>A Rose of Savoy, Marie Adelaide of Savoy, duchesse de Bourgogne, Mother of Louis XV</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Scribner%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Scribner's">Scribner's</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Rose+of+Savoy%2C+Marie+Adelaide+of+Savoy%2C+duchesse+de+Bourgogne%2C+Mother+of+Louis+XV&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scribner%27s&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=H.+Noel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+I%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Philippe I, Duke of Orléans </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 21 September 1640</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 9 June 1701</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/French_nobility" title="French nobility">French nobility</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="3"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Duke of Orléans">Duke of Orléans</a> </b><br />10 May 1661 – 9 June 1701 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe II</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Chartres" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Chartres">Duke of Chartres</a> </b><br />1661 – 1674 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Anjou">Duke of Anjou</a> </b><br />1640 – 1660 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou">Philippe Charles</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Dukes_of_Anjou" title="Template:Dukes of Anjou"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dukes_of_Anjou" title="Template talk:Dukes of Anjou"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dukes_of_Anjou" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dukes of Anjou"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dukes_of_Anjou116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Counts_and_dukes_of_Anjou" title="Counts and dukes of Anjou">Dukes of Anjou</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Hereditary dukes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Anjou" title="Louis I of Anjou">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Anjou" title="Louis II of Anjou">Louis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_III_of_Anjou" title="Louis III of Anjou">Louis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_of_Anjou" title="René of Anjou">René</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Anjou" title="Charles IV of Anjou">Charles IV</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Arms_of_Hercule_dAnjou.svg/75px-Arms_of_Hercule_dAnjou.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Arms_of_Hercule_dAnjou.svg/113px-Arms_of_Hercule_dAnjou.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Arms_of_Hercule_dAnjou.svg/150px-Arms_of_Hercule_dAnjou.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Appanage" title="Appanage">Appanage</a> of Anjou</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Savoy" title="Louise of Savoy">Louise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Francis, Duke of Anjou">François</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Louis François, Duke of Anjou">Louis François</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">Courtesy title</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou">Philippe Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe, Duke of Anjou">Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Jaime,_Duke_of_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid">Jaime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alfonso_Carlos,_Duke_of_San_Jaime" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime"> Alfonso Carlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Jaime,_Duke_of_Segovia" title="Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia">Jaime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso,_Duke_of_Anjou_and_C%C3%A1diz" title="Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz">Alfonso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Current claimants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles-Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Charles-Philippe d'Orléans">Charles-Philippe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louis_Alphonse_de_Bourbon" title="Louis Alphonse de Bourbon">Louis Alphonse</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dukes_of_Orléans72" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dukes_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Template:Dukes of Orléans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dukes_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Template talk:Dukes of Orléans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dukes_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dukes of Orléans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dukes_of_Orléans72" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Duke of Orléans">Dukes of Orléans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Dukes of Orléans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philip, Duke of Orléans">Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis I, Duke of Orléans">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Charles, Duke of Orléans">Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_de_Valois,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Charles II de Valois, Duke of Orléans">Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Valois_(1549%E2%80%931550)" title="Louis of Valois (1549–1550)">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles Maximilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Alexandre Édouard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Henri,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans">Nicolas Henri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1703%E2%80%931752)" title="Louis, Duke of Orléans (1703–1752)">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinand_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans">Ferdinand Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans">Philippe</a></li> <li>François</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg/75px-Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg/113px-Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg/150px-Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Current claimants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jacques</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Counts/Countesses_and_Dukes/Duchesses_of_Chartres178" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dukes_of_Chartres" title="Template:Dukes of Chartres"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dukes_of_Chartres" title="Template talk:Dukes of Chartres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dukes_of_Chartres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dukes of Chartres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Counts/Countesses_and_Dukes/Duchesses_of_Chartres178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counts_and_dukes_of_Chartres" title="List of counts and dukes of Chartres">Counts/Countesses and Dukes/Duchesses of Chartres</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Counts and countesses of Chartres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hastein" title="Hastein">Hastein</a> (882–886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_I,_Count_of_Blois" title="Theobald I, Count of Blois">Theobald I of Blois</a> (960–975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_I,_Count_of_Blois" title="Odo I, Count of Blois">Odo I of Blois</a> (975–995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_II_of_Blois" title="Theobald II of Blois">Theobald II of Blois</a> (995–1004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_II,_Count_of_Blois" title="Odo II, Count of Blois">Odo II of Blois</a> (1004–1037)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_III,_Count_of_Blois" title="Theobald III, Count of Blois">Theobald III of Blois</a> (1037–1089)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen,_Count_of_Blois" title="Stephen, Count of Blois">Stephen of Blois</a> (1089–1102)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_II,_Count_of_Champagne" title="Theobald II, Count of Champagne">Theobald IV of Blois</a> (1102–1151)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_V,_Count_of_Blois" title="Theobald V, Count of Blois">Theobald V of Blois</a> (1151–1191)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Count_of_Blois" title="Louis I, Count of Blois">Louis I of Blois</a> (1191–1205)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_VI,_Count_of_Blois" title="Theobald VI, Count of Blois">Theobald VI of Blois</a> (1205–1218)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_of_Chartres" title="Isabelle of Chartres">Isabelle of Chartres</a> (1218–1248)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Amboise" title="Matilda of Amboise">Matilda of Amboise</a> (1248–1256)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I,_Count_of_Blois" title="John I, Count of Blois">John I of Blois</a> (1256–1280)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan,_Countess_of_Blois" title="Joan, Countess of Blois">Joan of Blois</a> (1280–1286)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_lands_of_France" title="Crown lands of France">Crown lands of France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV of France</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Count_of_Valois" title="Charles, Count of Valois">Charles of Valois</a> (1290–1302)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_of_Valois_(1302-1310)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John of Valois (1302-1310) (page does not exist)">John of Valois (1302-1310)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Count_of_Valois" title="Charles, Count of Valois">Charles of Valois</a> (1310–1325)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_of_Valois,_Count_of_Chartres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis of Valois, Count of Chartres (page does not exist)">Louis of Valois, Count of Chartres</a> (1325–1328)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Count_of_Alen%C3%A7on" title="Charles II, Count of Alençon">Charles II of Alençon</a> (1328–1346)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_lands_of_France" title="Crown lands of France">Crown lands of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_of_France" title="Renée of France">Renée of France</a> (1510–1528)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Chartres.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Blason_Chartres.svg/70px-Blason_Chartres.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Blason_Chartres.svg/105px-Blason_Chartres.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Blason_Chartres.svg/140px-Blason_Chartres.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Dukes and duchesses of Chartres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_of_France" title="Renée of France">Renée of France</a> (1528–1574)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_II_d%27Este,_Duke_of_Ferrara" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara">Alfonso II d'Este</a> (1574–1597)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_lands_of_France" title="Crown lands of France">Crown lands of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston</a> (1626–1660)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippe I</a> (1661–1674)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe II</a> (1674–1701)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1703%E2%80%931752)" title="Louis, Duke of Orléans (1703–1752)">Louis</a> (1703–1723)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe I</a> (1725–1752)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe II</a> (1752–1785)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe</a> (1785–1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinand_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans">Ferdinand Philippe</a> (1814–1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Robert,_Duke_of_Chartres" title="Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres">Robert</a> (1840–1910)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Duke as a courtesy title</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles-Louis_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles-Louis d'Orléans (page does not exist)">Charles-Louis d'Orléans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Louis_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles-Louis d'Orléans">fr</a>]</span> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Princes_of_France409" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princes_of_France" title="Template:Princes of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princes_of_France" title="Template talk:Princes of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princes_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princes of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princes_of_France409" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Princes of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>The first generation are the children of <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henri IV</a></i>; these males held the rank of <b><a href="/wiki/Fils_de_France" title="Fils de France">Son of France</a></b> or <b><a href="/wiki/Fils_de_France" title="Fils de France">Grandson of France</a></b>;</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">King Louis XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Monsieur d'Orléans">Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston, Duke of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg/75px-Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg/113px-Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg/150px-Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="701" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">King Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippe I, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Gaston,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois">Prince Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou">Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Louis François, Duke of Anjou">Prince Louis François, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois">Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">King Philip V of Spain</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Berry_(1686%E2%80%931714)" title="Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)">Prince Charles, Duke of Berry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Brittany_(1704%E2%80%931705)" title="Louis, Duke of Brittany (1704–1705)">Prince Louis, Duke of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Brittany_(1707%E2%80%931712)" title="Louis, Duke of Brittany (1707–1712)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">King Louis XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis, Prince of Asturias</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Philip_of_Spain_(1712%E2%80%931719)" title="Infante Philip of Spain (1712–1719)">Infante Philip of Spain</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(1729%E2%80%931765)" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe, Duke of Anjou">Prince Philippe, Duke of Anjou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy_(1751%E2%80%931761)" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy (1751–1761)">Prince Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine">Prince Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">King Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">King Louis XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">King Charles X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Dauphin_of_France" title="Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France">Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">King Louis XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême">Prince Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Berry" title="Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry">Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Prince Henri, Count of Chambord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small>* <i>until <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Utrecht" title="Peace of Utrecht">1713</a></i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Princes_of_Orléans299" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princes_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Template:Princes of Orléans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princes_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Template talk:Princes of Orléans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princes_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princes of Orléans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princes_of_Orléans299" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">Princes of Orléans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippe I, Duke of Orléans</a>^</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg/75px-Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg/113px-Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg/150px-Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois">Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</a>^</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1703%E2%80%931752)" title="Louis, Duke of Orléans (1703–1752)">Louis I, Duke of Orléans</a>^</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans</a>^</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</a>^</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I of the French</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Philippe,_Duke_of_Montpensier" title="Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier">Prince Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Charles,_Count_of_Beaujolais" title="Louis Charles, Count of Beaujolais">Prince Louis Charles, Count of Beaujolais</a>^</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinand_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans">Ferdinand Philippe, Prince Royal of France and Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Louis,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours">Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Prince_of_Joinville" title="François d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville">François, Prince of Joinville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duke_of_Penthi%C3%A8vre" title="Charles d'Orléans, Duke of Penthièvre">Prince Charles, Duke of Penthièvre</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henri,_Duke_of_Aumale" title="Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale">Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Antoine,_Duke_of_Montpensier" title="Prince Antoine, Duke of Montpensier">Prince Antoine, Duke of Montpensier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Count_of_Paris" title="Prince Philippe, Count of Paris">Prince Philippe, Count of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Robert,_Duke_of_Chartres" title="Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres">Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Count_of_Eu" title="Gaston, Count of Eu">Gaston, Prince Imperial Consort of Brazil and Count of Eu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Alen%C3%A7on" title="Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Alençon">Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Alençon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre,_Duke_of_Penthi%C3%A8vre" title="Pierre, Duke of Penthièvre">Prince Pierre, Duke of Penthièvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis d'Orléans, Prince of Condé">Louis, Prince of Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_(1854%E2%80%931872)" title="François d'Orléans (1854–1872)">François, Duke of Guise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Antonio,_Duke_of_Galliera" title="Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera">Prince Antonio, Duke of Galliera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans">Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Montpensier" title="Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Montpensier">Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Montpensier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henri_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Prince Henri of Orléans">Prince Henri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Jean,_Duke_of_Guise" title="Prince Jean, Duke of Guise">Prince Jean, Duke of Guise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Emmanuel,_Duke_of_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Prince Emmanuel, Duke of Vendôme">Prince Emmanuel, Duke of Vendôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alfonso,_Duke_of_Galliera" title="Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera">Prince Alfonso, Duke of Galliera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Luis_Fernando_of_Spain" title="Infante Luis Fernando of Spain">Prince Luis Fernando</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Paris_(1908%E2%80%931999)" title="Henri, Count of Paris (1908–1999)">Prince Henri, Count of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_%C3%81lvaro,_Duke_of_Galliera" title="Infante Álvaro, Duke of Galliera">Prince Álvaro, Duke of Galliera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ata%C3%BAlfo_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Prince Ataúlfo of Orléans">Prince Ataúlfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_Philippe,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Prince Charles Philippe, Duke of Nemours">Prince Charles Philippe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Paris_(1933%E2%80%932019)" title="Henri, Count of Paris (1933–2019)">Prince Henri, Count of Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Fran%C3%A7ois,_Count_of_Clermont" title="Prince François, Count of Clermont">Prince François, Count of Clermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean,_Count_of_Paris" title="Jean, Count of Paris">Prince Jean, Count of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Charles-Philippe d'Orléans">Prince Charles Philippe, Duke of Anjou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span style="font-size:85%;">^<i>never styled Prince of Orléans</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="House_of_Bourbon420" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:House_of_Bourbon_(France)" title="Template:House of Bourbon (France)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:House_of_Bourbon_(France)" title="Template talk:House of Bourbon (France)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:House_of_Bourbon_(France)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:House of Bourbon (France)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="House_of_Bourbon420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Henry_IV_of_France420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Valois" title="Margaret of Valois">Margaret of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_France_(1602%E2%80%931644)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of France (1602–1644)">Elisabeth, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_of_France" title="Christine of France">Christine, Duchess of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Henri,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans">Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrietta Maria">Henrietta Maria, Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Siblings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Henri, Duke of Beaumont (1551–1553)</li> <li>Louis, Count of Marle (1555–1557)</li> <li>Madeleine (1556)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bourbon" title="Catherine of Bourbon">Catherine, Duchess of Lorraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Illegitimate children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar,_Duke_of_Vend%C3%B4me" title="César, Duke of Vendôme">César, Duke of Vendôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Henriette_de_Bourbon" title="Catherine Henriette de Bourbon">Catherine Henriette, Duchess of Elbeuf</a></li> <li>Alexandre, Chevalier de Vendôme</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Duke_of_Verneuil" title="Henri, Duke of Verneuil">Henri, Duke of Verneuil</a></li> <li>Gabrielle Angelique, Duchess of La Valette and Epernon</li> <li>Antoine, Count of Moret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontevraud_Abbey" title="Fontevraud Abbey">Jeanne Baptiste, Abess of Fontevraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelles_Abbey" title="Chelles Abbey">Marie Henriette, Abess of Chelles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duchess_of_Montpensier" title="Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier">Anne Marie Louise, Duchess of Montpensier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marguerite Louise d'Orléans">Marguerite Louise, Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Marguerite_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans">Élisabeth Marguerite, Duchess of Alençon and Angoulême</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Madeleine_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans">Françoise Madeleine, Duchess of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Anne d'Orléans">Princess Marie Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Gaston,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois">Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippe, Duke of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XIII420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Infanta Ana Maria Mauricia of Spain</a> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippe, Duke of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anne_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Anne Élisabeth of France">Princess Anne Élisabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Anne_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Marie Anne of France">Princess Marie Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_France_(1667%E2%80%931672)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Thérèse of France (1667–1672)">Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou">Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Louis François, Duke of Anjou">Louis François, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise d'Orléans">Marie Louise, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois">Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Anne Marie d'Orléans">Anne Marie, Queen of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe Charles, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans">Élisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Lorraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Great <br /> grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy">Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">King Felipe of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Berry_(1686%E2%80%931714)" title="Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)">Charles, Duke of Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1703%E2%80%931752)" title="Louis, Duke of Orléans (1703–1752)">Louis, Duke of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XIV420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Maria Theresa of Spain">Infanta María Teresa of Spain</a> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_d%27Aubign%C3%A9,_Marquise_de_Maintenon" title="Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon">Françoise d'Aubigné, Marchioness of Maintenon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anne_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Anne Élisabeth of France">Princess Anne Élisabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Anne_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Marie Anne of France">Princess Marie Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_France_(1667%E2%80%931672)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Thérèse of France (1667–1672)">Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou">Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Louis François, Duke of Anjou">Louis François, Duke of Anjou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Illegitimate<br />children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_de_Bourbon" title="Marie Anne de Bourbon">Marie Anne, Princess of Conti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Count_of_Vermandois" title="Louis, Count of Vermandois">Louis, Count of Vermandois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste,_Duke_of_Maine" title="Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine">Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_C%C3%A9sar,_Count_of_Vexin" title="Louis César, Count of Vexin">Louis César, Count of Vexin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Fran%C3%A7oise,_Princess_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louise Françoise, Princess of Condé">Louise Françoise, Duchess of Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Marie_Anne_de_Bourbon" title="Louise Marie Anne de Bourbon">Louise Marie Anne, Mademoiselle de Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Marie_de_Bourbon" title="Françoise Marie de Bourbon">Françoise Marie, Duchess of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Alexandre,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse">Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_de_Maisonblanche" title="Louise de Maisonblanche">Louise, Baroness of La Queue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy">Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">King Felipe V of Spain</a></i> <sup><small>p</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Berry_(1686%E2%80%931714)" title="Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)">Charles, Duke of Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste,_Prince_of_Dombes" title="Louis Auguste, Prince of Dombes">Louis Auguste, Prince of Dombes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Charles,_Count_of_Eu" title="Louis Charles, Count of Eu">Louis Charles, Count of Eu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Fran%C3%A7oise_de_Bourbon,_Mademoiselle_du_Maine" title="Louise Françoise de Bourbon, Mademoiselle du Maine">Louise Françoise, Mademoiselle du Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jean_Marie_de_Bourbon,_Duke_of_Penthi%C3%A8vre" title="Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre">Louis Jean Marie, Duke of Penthièvre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Great<br />grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Brittany_(1704%E2%80%931705)" title="Louis, Duke of Brittany (1704–1705)">Louis, Duke of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Brittany_(1707%E2%80%931712)" title="Louis, Duke of Brittany (1707–1712)">Louis, Duke of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis I of Spain</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Felipe of Spain <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Felipe of Spain <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VI of Spain">Ferdinand VI of Spain</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III of Spain</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Francisco of Spain <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Victoria_of_Spain" title="Mariana Victoria of Spain">Mariana Víctoria, Queen of Portugal</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Philip, Duke of Parma">Philip, Duke of Parma</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_Rafaela_of_Spain" title="María Teresa Rafaela of Spain">Maria Teresa Rafaela, Dauphine of France</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Luis,_Count_of_Chinch%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón">Luis, Count of Chinchón</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Antonia_Ferdinanda_of_Spain" title="Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain">Maria Antonietta, Queen of Sardinia</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Charles, Duke of Alençon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Alençon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Alexandre,_Prince_of_Lamballe" title="Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe">Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XV420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Leszczy%C5%84ska" title="Marie Leszczyńska">Maria Carolina Sophia Felicity Leszczyńska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise Élisabeth of France">Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henriette_of_France_(1727%E2%80%931752)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henriette of France (1727–1752)">Princess Henriette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_of_France_(1728%E2%80%931733)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Louise of France (1728–1733)">Princess Louise (1728–1733)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(1729%E2%80%931765)" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe, Duke of Anjou">Philippe, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Adélaïde">Marie Adélaïde, Duchess of Louvois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoire_of_France_(1733%E2%80%931799)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoire of France (1733–1799)">Princess Victoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_France_(1734%E2%80%931782)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie of France (1734–1782)">Sophie, Duchess of Louvois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_France" title="Thérèse of France">Princess Thérèse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_France_(1737%E2%80%931787)" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise of France (1737–1787)">Princess Louise (1737–1787)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se,_Madame_Royale_(1746%E2%80%931748)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Thérèse, Madame Royale (1746–1748)">Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Z%C3%A9phyrine_of_France" title="Marie Zéphyrine of France">Princess Marie Zéphyrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy_(1751%E2%80%931761)" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy (1751–1761)">Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine">Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotilde_of_France" title="Clotilde of France">Clothilde, Queen of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" title="Élisabeth of France">Princess Élisabeth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Illegitimate children <br /> included</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Vintimille" title="Charles de Vintimille">Charles de Vintimille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Louise_O%27Murphy" title="Marie-Louise O'Murphy">Agathe Louise de Saint-Antoine</a></li> <li>Philippe, Duke of Narbonne-Lara</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_comte_de_Narbonne-Lara" title="Louis, comte de Narbonne-Lara">Louis, comte de Narbonne-Lara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XVI420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se,_Duchess_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême">Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Dauphin_of_France" title="Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France">Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophie_H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_B%C3%A9atrice_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Sophie Hélène Béatrice of France">Princess Sophie Hélène</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XVII420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Note4" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Note</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="wrap">Louis had no children; he died aged 10 in 1795. His uncle, the future <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a>, proclaimed himself regent but both titles were disputed.</span></li></ul> <ul><li>See <i><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration in France</a></i>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XVIII420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Spouse(s)9" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Jos%C3%A9phine_of_Savoy" title="Marie Joséphine of Savoy">Princess Marie Joséphine of Savoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Charles_X_of_France420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Savoy" title="Maria Theresa of Savoy">Maria Theresa of Savoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême">Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_d%27Artois_(1776%E2%80%931783)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie d'Artois (1776–1783)">Sophie, <i>Mademoiselle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Berry" title="Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry">Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry</a></li> <li>Marie Thérèse, Mademoiselle d'Angoulême</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Princess Louise Élisabeth</li> <li>Prince Louis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_d%27Artois" title="Princess Louise d'Artois">Louise Marie Thérèse, Duchess of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Henri, Count of Chambord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Notes</span></dt> <dd><sup><small>1</small></sup> also an <a href="/wiki/Infante" title="Infante">Infante or Infanta of Spain</a></dd> <dd><sup><small>2</small></sup> also an <a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">Archduchess of Austria</a></dd> <dd><sup><small>3</small></sup> both</dd> <dd><sup><small>p</small></sup> <span class="wrap">Philip was the first Bourbon king of Spain, the country's present ruling house.</span></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q296555#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2449" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q296555#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2449" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q296555#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118820206">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88672582">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945197c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945197c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2018997001&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1654060">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074591908">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/zw9cd24h5rkxmsv">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810694321205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/172798">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007432364905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14508607">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500373184">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118820206.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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