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href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a list of holders of the office, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Poland" title="List of prime ministers of Poland">List of prime ministers of Poland</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The president of the Council of Ministers (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Prezes Rady Ministrów <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[ˈprɛ.zɛs ˈra.dɘ miˈɲis.truf]</a>), colloquially and commonly referred to as the prime minister (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: premier <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[ˈprɛ.mjɛr]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2a\/Pl-premier.ogg\/Pl-premier.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-premier.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Pl-premier.ogg/Pl-premier.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Pl-premier.ogg" title="File:Pl-premier.ogg">ⓘ</a>), is the head of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Poland)" title="Council of Ministers (Poland)">cabinet</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> The responsibilities and traditions of the office stem from the creation of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Poland (1989–present)">contemporary Polish state</a>, and the office is defined in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Poland" title="Constitution of Poland">Constitution of Poland</a>. According to the Constitution, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">president</a> nominates and appoints the prime minister, who will then propose the composition of the Cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Fourteen days following their appointment, the prime minister must submit a programme outlining the government's agenda to the <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a>, requiring a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">vote of confidence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Art154p2-4">[4]</a> Conflicts stemming from both interest and powers have arisen between the offices of President and Prime Minister in the past. <table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">President of the Council of Ministers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: normal;">Prezes Rady Ministrów (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px var( --border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1 );"><a href="/wiki/File:Znak_podstawowy_z_administracji_rz%C4%85dowej_RP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Znak_podstawowy_z_administracji_rz%C4%85dowej_RP.svg/120px-Znak_podstawowy_z_administracji_rz%C4%85dowej_RP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Znak_podstawowy_z_administracji_rz%C4%85dowej_RP.svg/180px-Znak_podstawowy_z_administracji_rz%C4%85dowej_RP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Znak_podstawowy_z_administracji_rz%C4%85dowej_RP.svg/240px-Znak_podstawowy_z_administracji_rz%C4%85dowej_RP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="394"></a><div class="infobox-caption">Logo used by institutions of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Poland">Polish Government</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px var( --border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1 );"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/120px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/180px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/240px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800"></a><div class="infobox-caption">State <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Poland" title="Flag of Poland">flag of Poland</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px var( --border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1 ); line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Tusk_KPRM_HQ_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Donald_Tusk_KPRM_HQ_2023.jpg/220px-Donald_Tusk_KPRM_HQ_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Donald_Tusk_KPRM_HQ_2023.jpg/330px-Donald_Tusk_KPRM_HQ_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Donald_Tusk_KPRM_HQ_2023.jpg/440px-Donald_Tusk_KPRM_HQ_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1787"></a></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a> </div>since 13 December 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Poland)" title="Council of Ministers (Poland)">Council of Ministers</a> <a href="/wiki/Chancellery_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland">Chancellery of the Prime Minister</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Mr Prime Minister (informal) <a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">His Excellency</a> (diplomatic)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hotel "Parkowa", Warsaw (official, rarely occupied)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seat_(legal_entity)" title="Seat (legal entity)">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Building_of_the_Chancellery_of_the_Prime_Minister_(Poland)" title="Building of the Chancellery of the Prime Minister (Poland)">Building of the Chancellery of the Prime Minister</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Republic of Poland">President</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Precursor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Poland#Prime_ministers_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="List of prime ministers of Poland">Prime minister of the Kingdom of Poland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">6 November 1918; 106 years ago (1918-11-06)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Daszy%C5%84ski" title="Ignacy Daszyński">Ignacy Daszyński</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unofficial names</th><td class="infobox-data">Prime minister</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland">Deputy Prime Minister</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data">389,516 <a href="/wiki/Polish_zloty" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish zloty">Polish zloty</a>/€81,772 annually<a href="#cite_note-igcompaycheck-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.premier.gov.pl">Official website</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The incumbent and eighteenth prime minister is <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">Civic Platform</a> party who replaced <a href="/wiki/Mateusz_Morawiecki" title="Mateusz Morawiecki">Mateusz Morawiecki</a> following the <a href="/wiki/2023_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Polish parliamentary election">2023 Polish parliamentary election</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Third_Cabinet_of_Mateusz_Morawiecki" title="Third Cabinet of Mateusz Morawiecki">Morawiecki's third government</a> failed to receive a vote of confidence on 11 December 2023, which <a href="/wiki/Third_Cabinet_of_Donald_Tusk" title="Third Cabinet of Donald Tusk">Tusk's third government</a> subsequently received on the same day and was sworn in two days later.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Tusk was also the fourteenth prime minister, between 2007 and 2014. <style 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Origin_of_the_office">1 Origin of the office</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Second_Republic">1.1 Second Republic</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#People's_Republic">1.2 People's Republic</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Third_Republic">1.3 Third Republic</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Selection_and_responsibilities">2 Selection and responsibilities</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Appointment">2.1 Appointment</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Role_in_the_cabinet_and_powers">2.2 Role in the cabinet and powers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Relationship_with_the_presidency">3 Relationship with the presidency</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Support_staff_and_residence">4 Support staff and residence</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#List_of_Polish_prime_ministers">5 List of Polish prime ministers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also">6 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Notes">7 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#References">8 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Works_cited">9 Works cited</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Further_reading">10 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#External_links">11 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Origin_of_the_office">Origin of the office</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin of the office" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Republic">Second Republic</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Second Republic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1918%E2%80%931939)" title="History of Poland (1918–1939)">History of Poland (1918–1939)</a></div> Near the end of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>, an assortment of groups contested to proclaim an independent Polish state. In early November 1918, a socialist provisional government under <a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Daszy%C5%84ski" title="Ignacy Daszyński">Ignacy Daszyński</a> declared independence, while a separate committee in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> claimed to rule <a href="/wiki/West_Galicia" title="West Galicia">West Galicia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kochanski,_p._7-7">[7]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German</a>-<a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austrian</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/Regency_Council_(Poland)" title="Regency Council (Poland)">Regency Council</a> agreed to transfer political responsibilities to Marshal <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a>, recently released from <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a> fortress, as <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_State_(Poland)" title="Chief of State (Poland)">Chief of State</a> of the new Polish nation.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Piłsudski summoned Daszyński to the capital to form a government, where Piłsudski agreed to appoint Daszyński as the republic's first prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-Kochanski,_p._7-7">[7]</a> Daszyński's premiership, however, remained brief, after the politician failed to form a workable coalition. Piłsudski turned instead to <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99drzej_Moraczewski" title="Jędrzej Moraczewski">Jędrzej Moraczewski</a>, who successfully crafted a workable government for the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Republic</a>'s first months of existence. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabinet_Skulskiego.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gabinet_Skulskiego.jpg/220px-Gabinet_Skulskiego.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="588"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gabinet_Skulskiego.jpg/220px-Gabinet_Skulskiego.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gabinet_Skulskiego.jpg/330px-Gabinet_Skulskiego.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gabinet_Skulskiego.jpg/440px-Gabinet_Skulskiego.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The cabinet of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Skulski" title="Leopold Skulski">Leopold Skulski</a> in a session in 1920. Due to the deep political divides of the early Second Republic, governments were short-lived, frequently falling within months.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Small_Constitution_of_1919" title="Small Constitution of 1919">Small Constitution of 1919</a> outlined Poland's form of government, with a democratically elected <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a>, a prime minister and cabinet, and an executive branch. Despite outlining a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a>, the Small Constitution vested many executive powers into Piłsudski's position as Chief of State.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The executive branch could select and organise cabinets (with the Sejm's consent), be responsible to the ministries for their duties, and require the countersignature of ministers for all official acts.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> By the early 1920s, rightist nationalists within parliament, particularly <a href="/wiki/Roman_Dmowski" title="Roman Dmowski">Roman Dmowski</a> and other members of the <a href="/wiki/Popular_National_Union" title="Popular National Union">Popular National Union</a> party and the <a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Poland)" title="National Democracy (Poland)">Endecja</a> movement, advocated reforms to the republic's structure to stem the authority of the chief of state (and ultimately Piłsudski) while increasing parliamentary powers.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The result was the Sejm's passage of the <a href="/wiki/March_Constitution_(Poland)" title="March Constitution (Poland)">March Constitution of 1921</a>. Modeled after the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French Third Republic</a>, the March Constitution entrusted decision-making exclusively within the lower-house Sejm.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The newly created <a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">presidency</a>, on the other hand, became a symbolic office devoid of any major authority, stripped of veto and wartime powers.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Deriving authority from the powerful Sejm, the prime minister and the council of ministers, in theory, faced few constitutional barriers from the presidency to pass and proceed with legislation. In reality, however, the premiership remained extraordinarily insecure due to the harsh political climate of the early Second Republic, marked by constant fluctuating coalitions within parliament.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Fourteen governments and eleven prime ministers rose and fell between 1918 and 1926, with nine governments alone serving during the five-year March Constitution era.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Deeply frustrated with the republic's chaotic "sejmocracy" parliamentary structure, Piłsudski led rebellious <a href="/wiki/Polish_Land_Forces" title="Polish Land Forces">Polish Army</a> units to overthrow the government in the <a href="/wiki/May_Coup_(Poland)" title="May Coup (Poland)">May Coup</a> of 1926, effectively ending the Second Republic's brief experiment with parliamentary democracy, as well as the prime minister's free and popular elected mandate for the next sixty years. Distrustful of parliamentary democracy, Piłsudski and his <a href="/wiki/Sanation" title="Sanation">Sanation</a> movement assumed a semi-authoritarian <a href="/wiki/Power_behind_the_throne" title="Power behind the throne">power behind the throne</a> presence over the premiership and presidency.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Piłsudski's <a href="/wiki/August_Novelization" title="August Novelization">August Novelisation</a> of the 1921 Constitution retained the prime minister's post and the parliamentary system, though modified the president's powers to rule by decree, dismiss the Sejm, and decide budgetary matters.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> By the mid-1930s, Piłsudski and fellow Sanationists further stripped parliament and the premier's powers by enacting a <a href="/wiki/April_Constitution_of_Poland" title="April Constitution of Poland">new constitution</a>, effectively establishing a strong "hyper-presidency" by 1935.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The new constitution allowed for the president to dismiss parliament, the right to freely appoint and dismiss the prime minister, members of the cabinet and the judiciary at will, and promulgated the presidency as the supreme power of the state.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Until the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> and the resulting <a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile">exiling of the Polish government</a>, the Sanation movement remained at the helm of a government dominated by the presidency with a weak, subordinate prime minister. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Republic">People's Republic</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: People's Republic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Under the communist <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Polish People's Republic</a>, the ruling <a href="/wiki/Polish_United_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish United Workers' Party">Polish United Workers' Party</a> (PZPR) dominated all sections of the government, as recognised under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Constitution of the Polish People's Republic">1952 Constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Although the premiership continued to exist, the office's power and prestige relied more on the individual's stature within the governing communist party than the position's actual constitutional authority.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The office acted as an administrative agent for policies carried out by the PZPR's <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Polish_United_Workers%27_Party" title="Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party">Politburo</a>, rather than relying on the support of the <a href="/wiki/Rubber_stamp_(politics)" title="Rubber stamp (politics)">rubber stamp</a> Sejm.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In face of growing protests from the <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity movement</a> for much of the 1980s, the PZPR entered into the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Round Table Talks</a> in early 1989 with leading members of the anti-communist opposition.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The conclusion of the talks, along with the resulting <a href="/wiki/April_Novelization" title="April Novelization">April Novelisation</a> of the constitution, provided various powers to the Sejm, along with reinstating both the previously dissolved upper-house <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Poland" title="Senate of Poland">Senate</a> and the presidency as legal governmental entities. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Republic">Third Republic</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Third Republic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tadeusz_Mazowiecki_-_Europeana_-_Viewing_Exhibition.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki_-_Europeana_-_Viewing_Exhibition.jpg/220px-Tadeusz_Mazowiecki_-_Europeana_-_Viewing_Exhibition.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1623" data-file-height="1080"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki_-_Europeana_-_Viewing_Exhibition.jpg/220px-Tadeusz_Mazowiecki_-_Europeana_-_Viewing_Exhibition.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki_-_Europeana_-_Viewing_Exhibition.jpg/330px-Tadeusz_Mazowiecki_-_Europeana_-_Viewing_Exhibition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki_-_Europeana_-_Viewing_Exhibition.jpg/440px-Tadeusz_Mazowiecki_-_Europeana_-_Viewing_Exhibition.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki" title="Tadeusz Mazowiecki">Tadeusz Mazowiecki</a>, former prime minister of Poland browsing an exhibition at the <a href="/wiki/Europeana" title="Europeana">Europeana</a> 1989 roadshow in Warsaw.</figcaption></figure> Following the partially free <a href="/wiki/1989_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="1989 Polish parliamentary election">1989 parliamentary election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Citizens%27_Committee" title="Solidarity Citizens' Committee">Solidarity</a> government of <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki" title="Tadeusz Mazowiecki">Tadeusz Mazowiecki</a> faced the monumental task of formally institutionalising the office in order to define its relatively vague legal powers. As the communist state was quickly dismantled, this impasse remained due to the series of unstable governments falling in quick succession in the first years of the Third Republic.<a href="#cite_note-Zubek_pp._96-97-24">[24]</a> Matters were not helped by the vagueness of the presidency, whose recreation during the Round Table Talks left a poorly defined yet potentially powerful office.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a>'s direct <a href="/wiki/1990_Polish_presidential_election" title="1990 Polish presidential election">1990 election</a> to the presidency, a tug of war between the offices of the premier and presidency regarding the powers of the two offices began, with Wałęsa arguing for increased presidential powers by drafting a new constitution, with the right to appoint and dismiss the prime minister and members of the cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-Linz281-26">[26]</a> Although Wałęsa later recanted his attempts to create a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential system</a>, the president continued to advocate for a <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_republic" title="Semi-presidential republic">semi-presidential</a> model similar to that of the <a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">French Fifth Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Linz281-26">[26]</a> The passage of the <a href="/wiki/Small_Constitution_of_1992" title="Small Constitution of 1992">Small Constitution</a> in 1992, which dispensed with the communist 1952 version, clarified several presidential prerogatives over the prime minister, including the president's right to be consulted on the ministers of <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defence_(Poland)" title="Ministry of National Defence (Poland)">Defence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Poland)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland)">Foreign Affairs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Interior (Poland)">Interior</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz59-60-27">[27]</a> Although Wałęsa enjoyed a conflict free relationship with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Hanna_Suchocka" title="Hanna Suchocka">Hanna Suchocka</a>, power rifts remained after the Small Constitution's passage, particularly with the Sejm, which Wałęsa repeatedly attempted to dissolve, influence its appointments, and shift its constitutional reform agenda towards the presidency's favour.<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz59-60-27">[27]</a> However, by the <a href="/wiki/1993_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="1993 Polish parliamentary election">1993 parliamentary election</a>, which brought in a relatively stable left-of-centre coalition government between the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Alliance_(Poland)" title="Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)">Democratic Left Alliance</a> (SLD) and the <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Party" title="Polish People's Party">Polish People's Party</a> (PSL), as well as Wałęsa's defeat in the <a href="/wiki/1995_Polish_presidential_election" title="1995 Polish presidential election">1995 presidential election</a> by <a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland">SdRP</a> challenger <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Kwa%C5%9Bniewski" title="Aleksander Kwaśniewski">Aleksander Kwaśniewski</a>, an impetus for greater constitutional reform began to proceed.<a href="#cite_note-Zubek_pp._96-97-24">[24]</a> Between 1996 and 1997, a series of reform laws passed through parliament, strengthening and centralising the prime minister's prerogatives.<a href="#cite_note-Zubek_p._97-28">[28]</a> These reforms would form the basis of the current <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Poland" title="Constitution of Poland">1997 Constitution</a>. Significant changes included the ability for the prime minister to call a vote of confidence, the premier's exclusive right to allocate and <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_reshuffle" title="Cabinet reshuffle">reshuffle</a> ministers, and also for the prime minister to solely determine the areas of competence for ministries.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Many of the prime minister's new powers were gained at the expense of the presidency, which lost the rights to consult ministerial appointments, reject the prime minister's cabinet selection or reshuffles, chair the cabinet, and to veto the budget, although veto powers in other areas remained.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Additionally, the previous communist-era Office of the Council of Ministers (Urząd Rady Ministrów) was reformed into the <a href="/wiki/Chancellery_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland">Chancellery</a> in 1997 to act as the premier's executive central office and support staff, assisting the facilitation and coordination of policy among members of the cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The reforms between 1996 and 1997, codified under the constitution, made the prime minister the centre of legal authority within the government.<a href="#cite_note-Zubek_p._97-28">[28]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Selection_and_responsibilities">Selection and responsibilities</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Selection and responsibilities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appointment">Appointment</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Appointment" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz_i_Aleksander_Kwasniewski.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz_i_Aleksander_Kwasniewski.jpg/220px-Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz_i_Aleksander_Kwasniewski.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="470"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 172px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz_i_Aleksander_Kwasniewski.jpg/220px-Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz_i_Aleksander_Kwasniewski.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="172" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz_i_Aleksander_Kwasniewski.jpg/330px-Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz_i_Aleksander_Kwasniewski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz_i_Aleksander_Kwasniewski.jpg/440px-Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz_i_Aleksander_Kwasniewski.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz" title="Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz">Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz</a> (left) being sworn in by President <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Kwa%C5%9Bniewski" title="Aleksander Kwaśniewski">Aleksander Kwaśniewski</a> (right) in October 2005</figcaption></figure> According to Article 154 of the Constitution of Poland, the prime minister is nominated by the president. However, the nomination process is not solely dictated by presidential preference. By convention, the president nominates the leader of the party which obtained the most seats in the previous parliamentary election, or the leader of the senior partner in a coalition.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The president is neither entitled to dismiss the prime minister, appoint nor dismiss individual members of the cabinet, or the council of ministers as a whole at will.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Upon selection, the prime minister will propose members of the cabinet, and within fourteen days, must submit a programme outlining the new government's agenda to the Sejm, requiring a vote of confidence from its deputies.<a href="#cite_note-Art154p2-4">[4]</a> In the event that a vote of confidence fails, the process of government formation passes to the Sejm, which will then nominate a prime minister within fourteen days, who will again propose the composition of the cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> An absolute majority of votes in the presence of at least half of all Sejm deputies is required to approve the cabinet, and the president is required to accept and swear in the Sejm's nominee. If the vote of confidence fails again, the process of nomination is handed back to the presidency, who will appoint a prime minister, who will then nominate other members of the cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> If the vote of confidence fails a third time, the president is obliged to dissolve the Sejm and call new elections.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> As part of political tradition, the prime minister and the ministers take the oath of office inside the Column Hall at the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace,_Warsaw" title="Presidential Palace, Warsaw">Presidential Palace</a>, in a ceremony administered by the president.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Upon their inauguration, the prime minister and the ministers must take the following pledge before the head of state: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">"Assuming this office of prime minister [deputy prime minister, minister] I do solemnly swear to be faithful to the provisions of the constitution and other laws of the Republic of Poland, and that the good of the Homeland and the prosperity of its citizens shall forever remain my supreme obligation."<a href="#cite_note-Art151-38">[38]</a></blockquote> The oath may also be finished with the additional sentence, "So help me God."<a href="#cite_note-Art151-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_the_cabinet_and_powers">Role in the cabinet and powers</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Role in the cabinet and powers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Article 148 of the constitution stipulates that the prime minister shall act as the representative of the cabinet as a whole, delegate its agendas, coordinate the work of ministers, ensure the implementation of policy adopted by the cabinet, and issue regulations. Additionally, the prime minister acts as the superior of all civil servants.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> The prime minister is further assisted by a <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Poland">deputy prime minister</a> (or ministers), who will act as a vice-president within the council of ministers.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The make-up of the cabinet, its distributed portfolios and its governing style, however, very much depends on the premier's personality.<a href="#cite_note-Brodecki28-41">[41]</a> The prime minister cannot, however, hold the presidency nor any other high state office, such as the chairmanships of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Audit_Office_(Poland)" title="Supreme Audit Office (Poland)">Supreme Chamber of Control</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Poland" title="National Bank of Poland">National Bank of Poland</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Ombudsman" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Ombudsman">Ombudsman for Citizens Rights</a>, simultaneously. With the power to distribute and reshuffle cabinet members, the prime minister can also discharge the functions of a minister.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Similarly, the prime minister can call upon the cabinet to repeal a regulation or order from any minister.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The prime minister must answer questions from deputies during each sitting of the Sejm.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The premier and other ministers are also constitutionally mandated to answer <a href="/wiki/Interpellation_(politics)" title="Interpellation (politics)">interpellations</a> from deputies within 21 days of their submission.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In accordance to Poland's semi-presidential system, most official acts of the presidency require the prime minister's <a href="/wiki/Countersign_(legal)" title="Countersign (legal)">countersignature</a> in order to become valid.<a href="#cite_note-Garlicki25-46">[46]</a> Through this, the prime minister acts as a gatekeeper to the president to certain acts, while also accepting responsibility to the Sejm for the president's actions.<a href="#cite_note-Garlicki25-46">[46]</a> This legal relationship, established under the constitution, attaches a significant presidential dependence on the prime minister's signature, arguably enlarging the premier's responsibilities and legal standing.<a href="#cite_note-Garlicki25-46">[46]</a> The President, however, does not need the prime minister's countersignature for a limited selection of other acts, including the appointment of judges, conferring orders and decorations, appointing a president to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Poland" title="Supreme Court of Poland">Supreme Court of Poland</a>, exercising <a href="/wiki/Pardon" title="Pardon">pardons</a>, making a referral to the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Tribunal_(Poland)" title="Constitutional Tribunal (Poland)">Constitutional Tribunal</a>, or appointing members to the <a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Council" title="National Broadcasting Council">National Broadcasting Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The presidency's most significant power over the prime minister is the right to <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a> the government's legislation, but this procedure may be overruled by a three-fifths voting majority in the Sejm.<a href="#cite_note-Prokop95-48">[48]</a> The prime minister can also submit a vote of confidence of their cabinet to the Sejm.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> A vote of confidence in the cabinet can be granted by at least half of all of the Sejm's deputies.<a href="#cite_note-Prokop95-48">[48]</a> Similarly, if the council of ministers loses its majority support within the Sejm, the cabinet can be forced to resign in a <a href="/wiki/Constructive_vote_of_no_confidence" title="Constructive vote of no confidence">constructive vote of no confidence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brodecki28-41">[41]</a> The motion must be approved by at least 46 deputies, and then passed by a majority vote.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In such an event, a new prime minister must be simultaneously appointed.<a href="#cite_note-Brodecki28-41">[41]</a> Additionally, the premier must submit the resignation of their cabinet at the first sitting of a newly elected parliament, as well as after a vote of no confidence has been successfully passed against the council of ministers or upon their own individual resignation.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In the event of the prime minister's resignation or death, the president can either accept or refuse the cabinet's resignation of office.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> For the regional governments of the <a href="/wiki/Voivodeships_of_Poland" title="Voivodeships of Poland">voivodeships</a>, the prime minister is empowered to appoint a voivode for each of the republic's sixteen provinces, who supervises the central government's administration in the regions, as well as the functions of local government.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The Sejm, upon a motion of the prime minister, can dissolve a local or regional government if it is flagrantly violating the constitution or legal statutes.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Among the office's emergency and security powers, the prime minister can request to the president a military <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Polish Armed Forces</a> during a time of war, or order a partial or general mobilisation in the event of a direct threat to national security.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The prime minister also retains the right to appoint and dismiss the heads of the special services, including the <a href="/wiki/Police_of_Poland" title="Police of Poland">Policja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_(Poland)" title="Border Guard (Poland)">Border Guard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Agency" title="Internal Security Agency">ABW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Agency" title="Foreign Intelligence Agency">AW</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Government_Protection_Bureau" title="Government Protection Bureau">Government Protection Bureau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UW-56">[56]</a> The heads of both the ABW and AW are entitled to directly report to the premier.<a href="#cite_note-UW-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[note 1]</a> In the event of public disorder, the prime minister can, upon a motion by the interior minister, authorise special armed units of the Policja to restore order.<a href="#cite_note-UW-56">[56]</a> If such units prove ineffective in such a situation, the prime minister is authorised to call upon the president to deploy the Polish Armed Forces to bring law and order.<a href="#cite_note-UW-56">[56]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Relationship_with_the_presidency">Relationship with the presidency</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Relationship with the presidency" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Throughout the history of the Third Republic, the relationship between the prime minister and the president has ebbed and flowed. In the early to mid-1990s, the relationship largely depended on different interpretations of the vague, legal prerogatives of each office at the time, though since the passage of the Constitution of 1997, political preferences and individual personalities have characterised the relationship. Conflicts between the two offices, however, have generated party splits and political paralysis in the past. Both before and after his 1990 election to the presidency, Lech Wałęsa had a deeply strained relationship with Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki, stemming from Wałęsa's belief that Mazowiecki was not aggressive enough in the dismissal of former Polish United Workers' Party members from senior government and economic positions.<a href="#cite_note-VanHoorn205-58">[57]</a> Mazowiecki's famous 1989 <a href="/wiki/Thick_line" title="Thick line">Thick Line</a> speech (gruba kreska) further exacerbated the splintering. The split between the two men fractured the original uniting <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Citizens%27_Committee" title="Solidarity Citizens' Committee">Solidarity Citizens' Committee</a> by 1990, with intellectuals supporting Mazowiecki's new <a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Movement_for_Democratic_Action" title="Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action">Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action</a>, while workers supported the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Agreement" title="Centre Agreement">Centre Agreement</a>, a political movement based around Wałęsa.<a href="#cite_note-VanHoorn205-58">[57]</a> Similarly, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jan_Olszewski" title="Jan Olszewski">Jan Olszewski</a> also retained a notoriously strained relationship with Wałęsa during Olszewski's brief government between 1991 and 1992. Olszewski proceeded with a cautious approach to economic reform instead of implementing <a href="/wiki/Shock_therapy_(economics)" title="Shock therapy (economics)">shock therapy</a>, putting him at odds with the president.<a href="#cite_note-Goldman_p._233-59">[58]</a> While Wałęsa advocated for constitutional reform to enlarge presidential prerogatives over the prime minister, Olszewski launched a campaign to deliberately embarrass the president and undermine Wałęsa's stature, releasing a list of alleged ex-communist collaborators within the Sejm, with some conspirators linked to the president.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> Wałęsa was further infuriated by Olszewski's attempts to gain influence within the Polish Armed Forces by appointing <a href="/wiki/Rados%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Radosław Sikorski">Radosław Sikorski</a> as deputy defence minister without consultation.<a href="#cite_note-Goldman_p._233-59">[58]</a> Wałęsa repeatedly called for the Olszewski government's dismissal, which the Sejm obliged, forcing the collapse of Olszewski's coalition in June 1992.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> Prime Minister Hanna Suchocka, who succeeded in forming a government after <a href="/wiki/Waldemar_Pawlak" title="Waldemar Pawlak">Waldemar Pawlak</a>'s failure to gather a workable coalition, enjoyed a far more amicable relationship with the president.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tusk_L_Kaczynski_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tusk_L_Kaczynski_2007.jpg/220px-Tusk_L_Kaczynski_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="457"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 183px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tusk_L_Kaczynski_2007.jpg/220px-Tusk_L_Kaczynski_2007.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="183" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tusk_L_Kaczynski_2007.jpg/330px-Tusk_L_Kaczynski_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tusk_L_Kaczynski_2007.jpg/440px-Tusk_L_Kaczynski_2007.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Lech_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Lech Kaczyński">Lech Kaczyński</a> (left) and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a> (right), seen during Tusk's oath of office in November 2007. Frequent disputes between the two leaders characterised Polish politics between 2007 and 2010.</figcaption></figure> The implementation of a new constitution in 1997 profoundly affected the relationship between the premiership and the presidency. Uncertainties over presidential and prime ministerial power that marked the Third Republic's first years were removed, eliminating the ability of the president to fully disrupt the government, and further strengthening the prime minister's position.<a href="#cite_note-Bernhard242-63">[62]</a> Under President Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Buzek" title="Jerzy Buzek">Jerzy Buzek</a>'s government became the first administration to be elected under the new constitution.<a href="#cite_note-Bernhard242-63">[62]</a> Despite being from opposite parties (Kwaśniewski's centre-left <a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland">Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland</a> and Buzek's centre-right <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Electoral_Action" title="Solidarity Electoral Action">Solidarity Electoral Action</a>), the relationship between both offices was smooth, partly due to Kwaśniewski's non-confrontational personality.<a href="#cite_note-Bernhard242-63">[62]</a> Kwaśniewski sparingly used his veto powers in legislation the president did not agree with, choosing to let the government's <a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">concordat</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, a new <a href="/wiki/Lustration_in_Poland" title="Lustration in Poland">lustration</a> act and new electoral statutes to proceed without hindrance, though Kwaśniewski vetoed Buzek's privatisation plan.<a href="#cite_note-Bernhard242-63">[62]</a> Kwaśniewski's relationships with the like-minded social democratic premierships of <a href="/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller">Leszek Miller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marek_Belka" title="Marek Belka">Marek Belka</a> were virtually free of conflict. Relations between the two executive organs, however, returned to animosity under the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Lech_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Lech Kaczyński">Lech Kaczyński</a> and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a>. Political rivals for years, fueled by the <a href="/wiki/2005_Polish_presidential_election" title="2005 Polish presidential election">2005 presidential poll</a> which saw both men as the main challengers, Tusk's centre-right <a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">Civic Platform</a> toppled Kaczyński's twin brother <a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Jarosław Kaczyński">Jarosław's</a> government in the <a href="/wiki/2007_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="2007 Polish parliamentary election">2007 parliamentary election</a>. Tusk's support for stronger integration into the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, including the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Lisbon Treaty</a>, and a rapprochement with <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, put Kaczyński directly at odds with the prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-Szczerbiak21-22-64">[63]</a> From 2007 until Kaczyński's death in the <a href="/wiki/Smolensk_air_disaster" title="Smolensk air disaster">Smolensk air disaster</a> in 2010, policy differences between the two offices were a constant source of division, with the president employing his limited veto powers numerous times over the government's legislation; Tusk's government lacked a 60 percent threshold to overturn such vetoes.<a href="#cite_note-Szczerbiak21-22-64">[63]</a> In response, Tusk made no secret his party's desire to replace Kaczyński in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Polish_presidential_election" title="2010 Polish presidential election">2010 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Szczerbiak21-22-64">[63]</a> Although Tusk and Kaczyński found several areas of compromise, clashes between the Chancellery and the Presidential Palace became a regular feature in both the domestic and international political scenes for the next two and a half years.<a href="#cite_note-Szczerbiak21-22-64">[63]</a> Frustrated by Kaczyński's veto, Tusk argued for a constitutional amendment in November 2009 to strip the presidency of its veto powers, declaring: "The president should not have veto power. People make their decision in elections and then state institutions should not be in conflict...Let us change some provisions so we can have fewer conflicts and more cooperation. We propose changes to the constitution so that the centre of power lies with the government... The presidential veto brings more harm than good.".<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> In 2015 in a short period of time relations between President <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Andrzej Duda</a> and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ewa_Kopacz" title="Ewa Kopacz">Ewa Kopacz</a> were tense too. On 31 May 2015 Duda announced the resolution electing him president during the ceremony. He appealed for no major political changes to be made before his swearing-in, as well as no changes "that may arouse unnecessary emotions and create conflicts." The prime minister noted that the government's relations with the president are defined in the Constitution: "This is indeed a surprising appeal. Please remember that the constitution regulates even friendly relations between the head of state and the government. The government has its duties, but also obligations towards Poles." She assured that her government had already fulfilled 90 percent of its announcements made in the expose and would continue to implement its programme. "The government should work until the end. That's what Poles pay it for," said Kopacz. The dispute between the president and the prime minister continues. Neither during the ceremony at Westerplatte nor immediately after did the politicians decide to talk. Even though Duda and Kopacz were standing next to each other, they did not shake hands.".<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> Duda's relationships with the conservative prime ministers <a href="/wiki/Beata_Szyd%C5%82o" title="Beata Szydło">Beata Szydło</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mateusz_Morawiecki" title="Mateusz Morawiecki">Mateusz Morawiecki</a> were virtually free of conflict. Duda sparingly used his veto powers in legislation the president did not agree with. The most known were <a href="/wiki/Lex_TVN" title="Lex TVN">Lex TVN</a> and <a href="/wiki/Przemys%C5%82aw_Czarnek" title="Przemysław Czarnek">Lex Czarnek</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> Relations between the two executive organs, however, returned to animosity under the presidency of Duda and Prime Minister Tusk. <a href="/wiki/United_Right_(Poland)" title="United Right (Poland)">United Right</a> would be unable to govern on its own, and Duda stated his intention to re-appoint incumbent Morawiecki as Prime Minister due to the existing albeit unofficial convention of nominating a member of the winning party.<a href="#cite_note-:4-70">[69]</a> The four opposition parties criticised Duda's decision as a delay tactic. The opposition parties subsequently signed a coalition agreement on 10 November, de facto taking over control of the Sejm, and agreed to nominate former Prime Minister and <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">European Council President</a> Donald Tusk as their candidate.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Third_Cabinet_of_Mateusz_Morawiecki" title="Third Cabinet of Mateusz Morawiecki">Morawiecki's new cabinet</a>, dubbed the "two-week government" and "zombie government" by the media due to its anticipated short-livedness, was sworn in on 27 November 2023.<a href="#cite_note-:4-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> Duda said he would veto the government’s amended 2024 spending bill and propose his own, in a challenge to Tusk. In a post on the social media platform <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">X</a>, Duda cited the bill’s funding of public media, and said blocking it was appropriate “in view of the flagrant violation of the constitution.” Tusk himself tweeted that “the president’s veto takes away money from teachers”, to which Duda responded that if “you convene [parliament] after Christmas and pass by bill, which will included raises for teachers”, then they would not lose out.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> On 31 January 2024, Duda signed the national budget, agreed by the government, but sent it swiftly to the constitutional court citing doubts over its adoption. Although the budget was passed with a large majority, the absence of the two MPS, whose parliamentary mandates were annulled over criminal convictions, meant the National Assembly was not at full capacity when the vote took place. Tusk warned on Tuesday of a snap election if the budget is blocked by Duda. After Duda signed the budget, Tusk said sending the signed bill to the Constitutional Tribunal wouldn't change anything. "The budget is approved and that was the goal. The rest doesn't matter. People will get the money, nothing will stop it now.".<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> On 29 March 2024 Polish President vetoes bill restoring access to emergency contraception. In a statement, Duda’s office outlined that his motivation in rejecting the legislation was to “protect the health of children”. He is opposed to the fact that the law would have allowed anyone aged 15 and above (Poland’s age of sexual consent) to buy the morning-after pill without the involvement of a doctor. The bill to restore prescription-free access to the 'morning-after pill' came from Prime Minister Donald Tusk's <a href="/wiki/Third_Cabinet_of_Donald_Tusk" title="Third Cabinet of Donald Tusk">government</a>, Tusk wrote on platform X "The president did not take advantage of the opportunity to stand on the side of women. We are implementing plan B".<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> In April 2024, the Polish <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a> took a significant step by approving a <a href="/wiki/Bill_(law)" title="Bill (law)">bill</a> that recognizes Silesian as an official regional language in Poland. This recognition was accepted by the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Poland" title="Senate of Poland">Senate</a>,<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> however on 29 May 2024 The President has vetoed the bill. The president’s decision, which had been widely expected, was criticised by figures from the ruling coalition, it would allow the inclusion of Silesian in school curricula and its use within local administration in municipalities. Tusk responded on platform X "I would tell you in Silesian, Mr. President, what I think about your veto, but it is not appropriate in public".<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> On 16 August 2024 Duda vetoed a bill that would have disbanded a commission investigating Russian influence on Poland’s internal security from 2007 to 2022.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Support_staff_and_residence">Support staff and residence</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Support staff and residence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gmach_Kancelarii_Prezesa_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gmach_Kancelarii_Prezesa_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_2022.jpg/220px-Gmach_Kancelarii_Prezesa_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6948" data-file-height="4356"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gmach_Kancelarii_Prezesa_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_2022.jpg/220px-Gmach_Kancelarii_Prezesa_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_2022.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gmach_Kancelarii_Prezesa_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_2022.jpg/330px-Gmach_Kancelarii_Prezesa_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gmach_Kancelarii_Prezesa_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_2022.jpg/440px-Gmach_Kancelarii_Prezesa_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_2022.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Building_of_the_Chancellery_of_the_Prime_Minister_(Poland)" title="Building of the Chancellery of the Prime Minister (Poland)">Building of the Chancellery of the Prime Minister</a>, the location of the <a href="/wiki/Chancellery_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland">Chancellery</a>, is home to the premier's executive office and support staff.</figcaption></figure> The prime minister's executive office is the Chancellery. Located in the <a href="/wiki/Building_of_the_Chancellery_of_the_Prime_Minister_(Poland)" title="Building of the Chancellery of the Prime Minister (Poland)">Building of the Chancellery of the Prime Minister</a> along <a href="/wiki/Ujazd%C3%B3w_Avenue,_Warsaw" title="Ujazdów Avenue, Warsaw">Ujazdów Avenue</a> in Warsaw, the Chancellery houses the central meeting location of the cabinet. As an office, the Chancellery acts to facilitate government policy between the prime minister and the ministers, serves as the premier's support staff, and distributes the administration's information. Additionally in supporting the cabinet, the Chancellery also houses various executive departments answerable directly to the prime minister outside of the council of ministers, including the Economic Council, the Protection Office, and the Civil Service Department. The official residence of the prime minister is Willa Parkowa, located several minutes' walk from the Chancellery next to <a href="/wiki/%C5%81azienki_Park" title="Łazienki Park">Łazienki Park</a>. However, the previous Prime Minister Donald Tusk chose to reside in the coastal city of <a href="/wiki/Sopot" title="Sopot">Sopot</a>, near his native <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship">Pomeranian Voivodeship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> The prime minister receives security from the Government Protection Bureau (Biuro Ochrony Rządu) while in office, as well as for six months after departing from the Chancellery. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="List_of_Polish_prime_ministers">List of Polish prime ministers</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: List of Polish prime ministers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Poland" title="List of prime ministers of Poland">List of prime ministers of Poland</a></div> Since the inception of the Third Republic, sixteen individuals have occupied the post. The shortest-serving government was the <a href="/wiki/Third_Cabinet_of_Mateusz_Morawiecki" title="Third Cabinet of Mateusz Morawiecki">third government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mateusz_Morawiecki" title="Mateusz Morawiecki">Mateusz Morawiecki</a>, lasting for 16 days between November and December 2023. The longest-serving prime minister has been Donald Tusk, who held the premiership continuously from 16 November 2007 to 22 September 2014, and again since 13 December 2023. To date, three women, Hanna Suchocka, Ewa Kopacz, and Beata Szydło, have served as prime ministers. Suchocka, along with Tadeusz Mazowiecki and Jerzy Buzek, are the only Polish prime ministers, as of yet, to be invited into the <a href="/wiki/Club_of_Madrid" title="Club of Madrid">Club of Madrid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_(Poland)" title="Democratic Union (Poland)">Democratic Union (UD)</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Congress" title="Liberal Democratic Congress">Liberal Democratic Congress (KLD)</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Agreement" title="Centre Agreement">Centre Agreement (PC)</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Party" title="Polish People's Party">Polish People's Party (PSL)</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland">Social Democracy (SdRP)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Alliance_(Poland)" title="Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)">Democratic Left Alliance (SLD)</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Electoral_Action" title="Solidarity Electoral Action">Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS)</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Law and Justice (Poland)">Law and Justice (PiS)</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Right_(Poland)" title="United Right (Poland)">United Right (ZP)</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Civic Platform (Poland)">Civic Platform (PO)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Civic_Coalition_(Poland)" title="Civic Coalition (Poland)">Civic Coalition (KO)</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No.</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Took office</th> <th>Left office</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Coalition partner(s)</th> <th>Term in office </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFDF00"> <td align="center">1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki" title="Tadeusz Mazowiecki">Tadeusz Mazowiecki</a></td> <td>24 August 1989</td> <td>4 January 1991 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Citizens%27_Committee" title="Solidarity Citizens' Committee">Solidarity Citizens' Committee (KO‘S’)</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_(Poland)" title="Democratic Union (Poland)">Democratic Union (UD)</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Party_(Poland)" title="United People's Party (Poland)">ZSL</a>–<a href="/wiki/Polish_United_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish United Workers' Party">PZPR</a> </td> <td>1 year, 133 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F0F8FF"> <td align="center">2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jan_Krzysztof_Bielecki" title="Jan Krzysztof Bielecki">Jan Krzysztof Bielecki</a></td> <td>4 January 1991</td> <td>6 December 1991 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Congress" title="Liberal Democratic Congress">Liberal Democratic Congress (KLD)</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_National_Union" title="Christian National Union">ZChN</a>–<a href="/wiki/Centre_Agreement" title="Centre Agreement">PC</a>–<a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Democrats_(Poland)" title="Alliance of Democrats (Poland)">SD</a> </td> <td>336 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCCCFF"> <td align="center">3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jan_Olszewski" title="Jan Olszewski">Jan Olszewski</a></td> <td>6 December 1991</td> <td>5 June 1992 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre_Agreement" title="Centre Agreement">Centre Agreement (PC)</a></td> <td>ZChN–PSL.PL-PChD </td> <td>182 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCFF00"> <td align="center">4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waldemar_Pawlak" title="Waldemar Pawlak">Waldemar Pawlak</a></td> <td>5 June 1992</td> <td>10 July 1992</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Party" title="Polish People's Party">Polish People's Party (PSL)</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>35 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFDF00"> <td align="center">5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hanna_Suchocka" title="Hanna Suchocka">Hanna Suchocka</a></td> <td>11 July 1992</td> <td>26 October 1993 </td> <td>Democratic Union (UD)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Congress" title="Liberal Democratic Congress">KLD</a>–ZChN–PChD–<a href="/wiki/Polish_Beer-Lovers%27_Party" title="Polish Beer-Lovers' Party">PPPP</a>–PSL.PL-PPG-SLCh </td> <td>1 year, 107 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCFF00"> <td align="center">6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waldemar_Pawlak" title="Waldemar Pawlak">Waldemar Pawlak</a></td> <td>26 October 1993</td> <td>7 March 1995 </td> <td>Polish People's Party (PSL) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Alliance_(Poland)" title="Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)">SLD</a>–<a href="/wiki/Labour_Union_(Poland)" title="Labour Union (Poland)">UP</a>–<a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_Bloc_for_Support_of_Reforms" title="Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms">BBWR</a> </td> <td>1 year, 132 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ff6347"> <td align="center">7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Oleksy" title="Józef Oleksy">Józef Oleksy</a></td> <td>7 March 1995</td> <td>7 February 1996 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland">Social Democracy (SdRP)</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Party" title="Polish People's Party">PSL</a> </td> <td>337 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ff6347"> <td align="center">8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Cimoszewicz" title="Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz">Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz</a></td> <td>7 February 1996</td> <td>31 October 1997 </td> <td>Social Democracy (SdRP)</td> <td>PSL </td> <td>1 year, 266 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ffffdd"> <td align="center">9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Buzek" title="Jerzy Buzek">Jerzy Buzek</a></td> <td>31 October 1997</td> <td>19 October 2001 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Electoral_Action" title="Solidarity Electoral Action">Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS)</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Union_(Poland)" title="Freedom Union (Poland)">UW–</a><a href="/wiki/Conservative_People%27s_Party_(Poland)" title="Conservative People's Party (Poland)">SKL</a>–ZChN–PPChD </td> <td>3 years, 353 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ff6347"> <td align="center">10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller">Leszek Miller</a></td> <td>19 October 2001</td> <td>2 May 2004 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Alliance_(Poland)" title="Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)">Democratic Left Alliance (SLD)</a></td> <td>UP–<a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Party" title="Polish People's Party">PSL</a> </td> <td>2 years, 196 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#ff6347"> <td align="center">11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marek_Belka" title="Marek Belka">Marek Belka</a></td> <td>2 May 2004</td> <td>31 October 2005 </td> <td>Democratic Left Alliance (SLD)</td> <td>UP </td> <td>1 year, 182 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#A1CAF1"> <td align="center">12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz" title="Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz">Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz</a></td> <td>31 October 2005</td> <td>14 July 2006 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Law and Justice (Poland)">Law and Justice (PiS)</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Self-Defence_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland">SRP</a>–<a href="/wiki/League_of_Polish_Families" title="League of Polish Families">LPR</a> </td> <td>256 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#A1CAF1"> <td align="center">13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Jarosław Kaczyński">Jarosław Kaczyński</a></td> <td>14 July 2006</td> <td>16 November 2007 </td> <td>Law and Justice (PiS)</td> <td>SRP–LPR </td> <td>1 year, 125 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F68F2D"> <td align="center">14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a></td> <td>16 November 2007</td> <td>22 September 2014 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">Civic Platform (PO)</a></td> <td>PSL </td> <td>6 years, 310 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F68F2D"> <td align="center">15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ewa_Kopacz" title="Ewa Kopacz">Ewa Kopacz</a></td> <td>22 September 2014</td> <td>16 November 2015 </td> <td>Civic Platform (PO)</td> <td>PSL </td> <td>1 year, 55 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#A1CAF1"> <td align="center">16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beata_Szyd%C5%82o" title="Beata Szydło">Beata Szydło</a></td> <td>16 November 2015</td> <td>11 December 2017 </td> <td>United Right (ZP)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agreement_(political_party)" title="Agreement (political party)">Agreement</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Poland" title="Sovereign Poland">United Poland</a> </td> <td>2 years, 25 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#A1CAF1"> <td align="center">17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mateusz_Morawiecki" title="Mateusz Morawiecki">Mateusz Morawiecki</a></td> <td>11 December 2017</td> <td>13 December 2023 </td> <td>United Right (ZP)</td> <td>United Poland </td> <td>6 years, 2 days </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F68F2D"> <td align="center">18</td> <td>Donald Tusk</td> <td>13 December 2023</td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td>Civic Coalition (KO)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland_2050" title="Poland 2050">PL2050</a>-PSL-<a href="/wiki/New_Left_(Poland)" title="New Left (Poland)">NL</a> </td> <td>1 year, 77 days </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Poland)" title="Council of Ministers (Poland)">Cabinet of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Poland">Deputy Prime Minister of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">List of Polish monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">President of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Poland" title="Senate of Poland">Senat</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Policja" class="mw-redirect" title="Policja">Policja</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_(Poland)" title="Border Guard (Poland)">Border Guard</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Government_Protection_Bureau" title="Government Protection Bureau">Government Protection Bureau</a> are directly subordinate to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Interior (Poland)">minister of the interior</a>. </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-igcompaycheck-1"><a href="#cite_ref-igcompaycheck_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ig.com/uk/forex/research/pay-check">"IG.com Pay Check"</a>. IG. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180425045807/https://www.ig.com/uk/forex/research/pay-check">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IG.com+Pay+Check&rft.pub=IG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ig.com%2Fuk%2Fforex%2Fresearch%2Fpay-check&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a href="#Jagielski">Jagielski</a>, pp. 168–169 </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Article 154, para. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-Art154p2-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Art154p2_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Art154p2_4-1">b</a> Article 154, para. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://polskieradio24.pl/5/1222/artykul/3298285,dymisja-rzadu-mateusza-morawieckiego-przyjeta-do-srody-gabinet-bedzie-dalej-sprawowal-obowiazki">"Dymisja rządu Mateusza Morawieckiego przyjęta. Do środy gabinet będzie dalej sprawował obowiązki"</a>. Polskie Radio 24 (in Polish). Retrieved 11 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polskie+Radio+24&rft.atitle=Dymisja+rz%C4%85du+Mateusza+Morawieckiego+przyj%C4%99ta.+Do+%C5%9Brody+gabinet+b%C4%99dzie+dalej+sprawowa%C5%82+obowi%C4%85zki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpolskieradio24.pl%2F5%2F1222%2Fartykul%2F3298285%2Cdymisja-rzadu-mateusza-morawieckiego-przyjeta-do-srody-gabinet-bedzie-dalej-sprawowal-obowiazki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsiecki2023" class="citation news cs1">Osiecki, Grzegorz (12 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazetaprawna.pl/wiadomosci/kraj/artykuly/9378972,kto-dzis-rzadzi-kto-jest-premierem-a-kto-administruje.html">"Kto dziś rządzi_ Kto jest premierem, a kto administruje_ - GazetaPrawna.pl"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dziennik_Gazeta_Prawna" title="Dziennik Gazeta Prawna">Dziennik Gazeta Prawna</a>. Retrieved 12 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dziennik+Gazeta+Prawna&rft.atitle=Kto+dzi%C5%9B+rz%C4%85dzi_+Kto+jest+premierem%2C+a+kto+administruje_+-+GazetaPrawna.pl&rft.date=2023-12-12&rft.aulast=Osiecki&rft.aufirst=Grzegorz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazetaprawna.pl%2Fwiadomosci%2Fkraj%2Fartykuly%2F9378972%2Ckto-dzis-rzadzi-kto-jest-premierem-a-kto-administruje.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kochanski,_p._7-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kochanski,_p._7_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kochanski,_p._7_7-1">b</a> <a href="#Kochanski">Kochanski</a>, p. 7 </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="#Bernhard">Bernhard</a>, pp. 82–83 </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a href="#Ludwikowski">Ludwikowski</a>, p. 14 </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="#Lerski">Lerski</a>, pp. 80–81 </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a href="#Cole">Cole</a>, p.28 </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a href="#Garlicki">Garlicki</a>, p. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a href="#Biskupski">Biskupski</a>, pp. 76–77 </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a href="#Lasok">Lasok</a>, pp. 19–20 </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="#Lesnodorski">Lesnodorski</a>, p. 119. During this era, two prime ministers entered the premiership more than once. <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Grabski" title="Władysław Grabski">Władysław Grabski</a> served as premier first between June and July 1920 and second between December 1923 to November 1925, the longest term for any leader of the period. <a href="/wiki/Wincenty_Witos" title="Wincenty Witos">Wincenty Witos</a> served as prime minister three times, between July 1920 to September 1921, May to December 1923, and May 1926. Witos' third and final government lasted only four days before being militarily deposed by Piłsudski in the <a href="/wiki/May_Coup_(Poland)" title="May Coup (Poland)">May Coup</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a href="#Cole">Cole</a>, p. 42 </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a href="#Lukowski_and_Zawadzki">Lukowski and Zawadzki</a>, p. 242 </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a href="#Prokrop">Prokrop</a>, p. 22 </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a href="#Fija%C5%82kowski">Fijałkowski</a>, pp. 41–43 </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a href="#Fija%C5%82kowski">Fijałkowski</a>, p. 92 </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a href="#Zubek">Zubek</a> pp. 83–128 </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a href="#Bernhard">Bernhard</a> p. 190 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a href="#Osiatynski">Osiatynski</a> p. 30 </li> <li id="cite_note-Zubek_pp._96-97-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zubek_pp._96-97_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zubek_pp._96-97_24-1">b</a> <a href="#Zubek">Zubek</a> pp. 96–97 </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="#Linz_and_Stepan">Linz and Stepan</a> p. 280 </li> <li id="cite_note-Linz281-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Linz281_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Linz281_26-1">b</a> <a href="#Linz_and_Stepan">Linz and Stepan</a>, p. 281 </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwartz59-60-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz59-60_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz59-60_27-1">b</a> <a href="#Schwartz">Schwartz</a> pp. 59–60 </li> <li id="cite_note-Zubek_p._97-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zubek_p._97_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zubek_p._97_28-1">b</a> <a href="#Zubek">Zubek</a> p. 97 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <a href="#Zubek">Zubek</a> pp. 97, 100 </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <a href="#Zubek">Zubek</a> p. 87. According to Zubek, Wałęsa's attempts in the early 1990s to swing constitutional reform towards a presidential system, taking advantage of legal loopholes over cabinet appointments and dissolving parliament, led lawmakers to greatly strengthen the role of the legislature by the 1997 Constitution. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="#Zubek">Zubek</a> pp. 107–110 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="#Prokop">Prokop</a> p. 126 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="#Brodecki_and_Jankowski">Brodecki and Jankowski</a> p. 26 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Article 154, para. 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Article 155, para. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Article 155, para. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.pl/en/presidential-residences/presidential-palace">"Presidential Palace in Warsaw"</a>. <a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">President of Poland</a>. 13 August 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130417010544/http://www.president.pl/en/presidential-residences/presidential-palace/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presidential+Palace+in+Warsaw&rft.pub=President+of+Poland&rft.date=2009-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.pl%2Fen%2Fpresidential-residences%2Fpresidential-palace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Art151-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Art151_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Art151_38-1">b</a> Article 151 </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Article 153, para. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Article 147, para. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-Brodecki28-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brodecki28_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brodecki28_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brodecki28_41-2">c</a> <a href="#Brodecki_and_Jankowski">Brodecki and Jankowski</a> p. 28 </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Article 147, para. 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Article 149, para. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Article 115, para. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Article 115, para. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-Garlicki25-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Garlicki25_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garlicki25_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garlicki25_46-2">c</a> <a href="#Garlicki">Garlicki</a>, p. 25 </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Article 144, para. 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-Prokop95-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prokop95_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prokop95_48-1">b</a> <a href="#Prokop">Prokop</a> p. 95 </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Article 160 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Article 158, para. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Article 162, paras. 2–3 </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a href="#Prokop">Prokop</a>, p. 127 </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a href="#Enyedi_and_T%C3%B3zsa">Enyedi and Tózsa</a> pp. 290–291 </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Article 171, para. 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Articles 134, para. 4; Article 136 </li> <li id="cite_note-UW-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UW_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UW_56-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UW_56-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UW_56-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100614043048/http://ipsir.uw.edu.pl/informacje_o_instytucie/katedry_i_zaklady/katedra_kryminologii_i_polityki_kryminalnej/referaty_i_artykuly/law_enforcement__security_services_and_agencies_in_poland__a__rzeplinski__a__kremplewski">"Law enforcement, security services and agencies in Poland. Their accountability and transparency"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warsaw" title="University of Warsaw">University of Warsaw</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipsir.uw.edu.pl/informacje_o_instytucie/katedry_i_zaklady/katedra_kryminologii_i_polityki_kryminalnej/referaty_i_artykuly/law_enforcement__security_services_and_agencies_in_poland__a__rzeplinski__a__kremplewski">the original</a> on 14 June 2010. Retrieved 11 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Law+enforcement%2C+security+services+and+agencies+in+Poland.+Their+accountability+and+transparency&rft.pub=University+of+Warsaw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsir.uw.edu.pl%2Finformacje_o_instytucie%2Fkatedry_i_zaklady%2Fkatedra_kryminologii_i_polityki_kryminalnej%2Freferaty_i_artykuly%2Flaw_enforcement__security_services_and_agencies_in_poland__a__rzeplinski__a__kremplewski&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VanHoorn205-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VanHoorn205_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VanHoorn205_58-1">b</a> <a href="#Van_Hoorn">Van Hoorn</a> p. 205 </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldman_p._233-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goldman_p._233_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldman_p._233_59-1">b</a> <a href="#Goldman">Goldman</a> p. 233 </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <a href="#Linz_and_Stepan">Linz and Stepan</a> p. 282 </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a href="#Simon">Simon</a> pp. 65–66 </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a href="#Goldman">Goldman</a> p. 244-245 When Prime Minister Suchocka fought against a vote of confidence against her premiership in May 1993, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> quoted Wałęsa as saying Suchocka was "[T]he best premier we have had, and she still gives rise to hope." </li> <li id="cite_note-Bernhard242-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bernhard242_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernhard242_63-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernhard242_63-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernhard242_63-3">d</a> <a href="#Bernhard">Bernhard</a> p. 242 </li> <li id="cite_note-Szczerbiak21-22-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Szczerbiak21-22_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Szczerbiak21-22_64-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Szczerbiak21-22_64-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Szczerbiak21-22_64-3">d</a> <a href="#Szczerbiak">Szczerbiak</a> pp. 21–22 </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buenosairesherald.com/BreakingNews/View/17934">"Polish PM says president should lose veto power"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Herald" title="Buenos Aires Herald">Buenos Aires Herald</a>. 21 November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130524125303/http://www.buenosairesherald.com/BreakingNews/View/17934">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2013. 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Retrieved 2 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gdzie+w+Warszawie+mieszka+premier+Donald+Tusk%3F+Gdzie+mieszka+Tusk+w+Warszawie%3F&rft.pub=Mowimyjak.pl&rft.date=2012-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mowimyjak.pl%2Ffakty%2Fkto-jest-kim%2Fgdzie-w-warszawie-mieszka-premier-donald-tusk%2C49_50567.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clubmadrid.org/en/noticia/the_club_of_madrid_offers_condolences_to_polish_government_people_and_members_suchocka_and_mazowieck">"The Club of Madrid offers condolences to Polish Government, People and Members Suchocka and Mazowiecki"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Club_of_Madrid" title="Club of Madrid">Club of Madrid</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306184852/http://www.clubmadrid.org/en/noticia/the_club_of_madrid_offers_condolences_to_polish_government_people_and_members_suchocka_and_mazowieck">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Club+of+Madrid+offers+condolences+to+Polish+Government%2C+People+and+Members+Suchocka+and+Mazowiecki&rft.pub=Club+of+Madrid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clubmadrid.org%2Fen%2Fnoticia%2Fthe_club_of_madrid_offers_condolences_to_polish_government_people_and_members_suchocka_and_mazowieck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Works cited" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernhard2005" class="citation book cs1">Bernhard, Michael (2005). Institutions and the Fate of Democracy: Germany and Poland in the Twentieth Century. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780822958703" title="Special:BookSources/9780822958703"><bdi>9780822958703</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Institutions+and+the+Fate+of+Democracy%3A+Germany+and+Poland+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=Pittsburgh&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780822958703&rft.aulast=Bernhard&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrodeckiJankowski2003" class="citation book cs1">Brodecki, Zdzisław; Jankowski, Bartlomiej (2003). "The Political System of the Republic of Poland". In Zdzisław Brodecki (ed.). Polish Business Law. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-411-1992-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-411-1992-6"><bdi>978-90-411-1992-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Political+System+of+the+Republic+of+Poland&rft.btitle=Polish+Business+Law&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-90-411-1992-6&rft.aulast=Brodecki&rft.aufirst=Zdzis%C5%82aw&rft.au=Jankowski%2C+Bartlomiej&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole,_Daniel_H.1998" class="citation web cs1">Cole, Daniel H. (22 September 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indylaw.indiana.edu/instructors/cole/web%20page/polconst.pdf">"Poland's 1997 Constitution in its Historical Context"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Robert_H._McKinney_School_of_Law" title="Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law">Indiana University School of Law</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://indylaw.indiana.edu/instructors/cole/web%20page/polconst.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poland%27s+1997+Constitution+in+its+Historical+Context&rft.pub=Indiana+University+School+of+Law&rft.date=1998-09-22&rft.au=Cole%2C+Daniel+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findylaw.indiana.edu%2Finstructors%2Fcole%2Fweb%2520page%2Fpolconst.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnyediTózsa2004" class="citation book cs1">Enyedi, György; Tózsa, István (2004). The Region: Regional Development, Policy, Administration, E-government. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-05-8037-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-05-8037-3"><bdi>978-963-05-8037-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Region%3A+Regional+Development%2C+Policy%2C+Administration%2C+E-government&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pub=Akad%C3%A9miai+Kiad%C3%B3&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-963-05-8037-3&rft.aulast=Enyedi&rft.aufirst=Gy%C3%B6rgy&rft.au=T%C3%B3zsa%2C+Istv%C3%A1n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFijałkowski2010" class="citation book cs1">Fijałkowski, Agata (2010). The New Europe: The Polish Struggle for Democracy and Constitutionalism. Farnham, England: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-9708-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-9708-0"><bdi>978-1-4094-9708-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Europe%3A+The+Polish+Struggle+for+Democracy+and+Constitutionalism&rft.place=Farnham%2C+England&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-9708-0&rft.aulast=Fija%C5%82kowski&rft.aufirst=Agata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarlicki2005" class="citation book cs1">Garlicki, Lech (2005). "Constitutional Law". In Stanisław Frankowski (ed.). Introduction to Polish law. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-411-2331-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-411-2331-2"><bdi>978-90-411-2331-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Constitutional+Law&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Polish+law&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-90-411-2331-2&rft.aulast=Garlicki&rft.aufirst=Lech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman1997" class="citation book cs1">Goldman, Minton F. (1997). Revolution and Change in Central and Eastern Europe: Political, Economic and Social Challenges. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-3901-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-3901-1"><bdi>978-0-7656-3901-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolution+and+Change+in+Central+and+Eastern+Europe%3A+Political%2C+Economic+and+Social+Challenges&rft.place=Armonk%2C+NY&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-3901-1&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Minton+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKochanski2012" class="citation book cs1">Kochanski, Halik (2012). The Eagle Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-06816-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-06816-2"><bdi>978-0-674-06816-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eagle+Unbowed%3A+Poland+and+the+Poles+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-674-06816-2&rft.aulast=Kochanski&rft.aufirst=Halik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLasok,_Dominik" class="citation web cs1">Lasok, Dominik. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/112/1/Lasok_The_Polish_Constitutions_of_1947_and_1952.pdf">"The Polish Constitutions of 1947 and 1952: A Historical Study of Constitutional Law"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141026115330/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/112/1/Lasok_The_Polish_Constitutions_of_1947_and_1952.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Polish+Constitutions+of+1947+and+1952%3A+A+Historical+Study+of+Constitutional+Law&rft.pub=London+School+of+Economics&rft.au=Lasok%2C+Dominik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetheses.lse.ac.uk%2F112%2F1%2FLasok_The_Polish_Constitutions_of_1947_and_1952.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLerski1996" class="citation book cs1">Lerski, Halina (30 January 1996). Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-03456-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-03456-5"><bdi>978-0-313-03456-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Poland%2C+966%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=1996-01-30&rft.isbn=978-0-313-03456-5&rft.aulast=Lerski&rft.aufirst=Halina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeśnodorski1947" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Leśnodorski, Bogusław (1947). Parlamentaryzm w Polsce (in Polish). Kraków: M. Kot.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parlamentaryzm+w+Polsce&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pub=M.+Kot&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=Le%C5%9Bnodorski&rft.aufirst=Bogus%C5%82aw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinzStepan2011" class="citation book cs1">Linz, Juan J; Stepan, Alfred (2011). Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0492-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0492-9"><bdi>978-1-4214-0492-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Problems+of+Democratic+Transition+and+Consolidation%3A+Southern+Europe%2C+South+America%2C+and+Post-Communist+Europe&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4214-0492-9&rft.aulast=Linz&rft.aufirst=Juan+J&rft.au=Stepan%2C+Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudwikowski1996" class="citation book cs1">Ludwikowski, Rett R. (1996). Constitution-Making in the Region of the former Soviet Dominance. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-1802-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-1802-6"><bdi>978-0-8223-1802-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitution-Making+in+the+Region+of+the+former+Soviet+Dominance&rft.place=Durham%2C+NC&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-1802-6&rft.aulast=Ludwikowski&rft.aufirst=Rett+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLukowskiZawadzki2006" class="citation book cs1">Lukowski, Jerzy; Zawadzki, Hubert (2006). A Concise History of Poland. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85332-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85332-3"><bdi>978-0-521-85332-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+Poland&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-85332-3&rft.aulast=Lukowski&rft.aufirst=Jerzy&rft.au=Zawadzki%2C+Hubert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsiatyński1996" class="citation book cs1">Osiatyński, Wiktor (1996). Jon Elster (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roundtabletalksb0000unse">The Roundtable Talks and the Breakdown of Communism</a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-20628-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-20628-8"><bdi>978-0-226-20628-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roundtable+Talks+and+the+Breakdown+of+Communism&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-226-20628-8&rft.aulast=Osiaty%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Wiktor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froundtabletalksb0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProkop2010" class="citation book cs1">Prokop, Krzysztof (2010). "The Institution of the President in the Visegrad Group States". In Jarosław Matwiejuk; Krzysztof Prokop (eds.). Evolution of Constitutionalism in the Selected States of Central and Eastern Europe. Białystok: Wydawnictwo Temida 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-89620-87-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-89620-87-3"><bdi>978-83-89620-87-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Institution+of+the+President+in+the+Visegrad+Group+States&rft.btitle=Evolution+of+Constitutionalism+in+the+Selected+States+of+Central+and+Eastern+Europe&rft.place=Bia%C5%82ystok&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Temida+2&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-83-89620-87-3&rft.aulast=Prokop&rft.aufirst=Krzysztof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProkop2011" class="citation book cs1">Prokop, Krzysztof (2011). Białystok Law Books 7, Polish Constitutional Law. Białystok: Wydawnictwo Temida 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-62813-13-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-62813-13-1"><bdi>978-83-62813-13-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82ystok+Law+Books+7%2C+Polish+Constitutional+Law&rft.place=Bia%C5%82ystok&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Temida+2&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-83-62813-13-1&rft.aulast=Prokop&rft.aufirst=Krzysztof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2002" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz, Herman (2002). The Struggle for Constitutional Justice in Post-Communist Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-74196-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-74196-3"><bdi>978-0-226-74196-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Struggle+for+Constitutional+Justice+in+Post-Communist+Europe&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-226-74196-3&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Herman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon1996" class="citation book cs1">Simon, Maurice D. (1996). "Institutional Development of Poland's Post-Communist Sejm: A Comparative Analysis". In David M. Olson; Philip Norton (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newparliamentsof0000unse">The New Parliaments of Central and Eastern Europe</a>. London: Frank Cass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4261-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4261-1"><bdi>978-0-7146-4261-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Institutional+Development+of+Poland%27s+Post-Communist+Sejm%3A+A+Comparative+Analysis&rft.btitle=The+New+Parliaments+of+Central+and+Eastern+Europe&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-4261-1&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Maurice+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewparliamentsof0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzczerbiak2011" class="citation book cs1">Szczerbiak, Alek (2011). Poland Within the European Union. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-38073-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-38073-7"><bdi>978-0-415-38073-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poland+Within+the+European+Union&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-415-38073-7&rft.aulast=Szczerbiak&rft.aufirst=Alek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Hoorn2000" class="citation book cs1">Van Hoorn, Judith L. (2000). "An Introduction to Poland". In Judith L. Van Hoorn; Ákos Komlósi; Elzbieta Suchar; Doreen A. Samelson (eds.). Adolescent Development and Rapid Social Change: Perspectives from Eastern Europe. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-9312-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-9312-0"><bdi>978-0-7914-9312-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+to+Poland&rft.btitle=Adolescent+Development+and+Rapid+Social+Change%3A+Perspectives+from+Eastern+Europe&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-9312-0&rft.aulast=Van+Hoorn&rft.aufirst=Judith+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZubek2006" class="citation book cs1">Zubek, Radosław (2006). "Poland: A Core Ascendant?". In Vesselin Dimitrov; Klaus H. Goetz; Hellmut Wollmann (eds.). Governing After Communism: Institutions And Policymaking. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-4009-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-4009-5"><bdi>978-0-7425-4009-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Poland%3A+A+Core+Ascendant%3F&rft.btitle=Governing+After+Communism%3A+Institutions+And+Policymaking&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-4009-5&rft.aulast=Zubek&rft.aufirst=Rados%C5%82aw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sejm.gov.pl/prawo/konst/angielski/kon1.htm">Constitution of the Republic of Poland (in English)</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Poland&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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<div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رئيس مجلس وزراء بولندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رئيس مجلس وزراء بولندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patih_Agung_Polandia" title="Patih Agung Polandia – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Patih Agung Polandia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B" title="Прэм’ер-міністр Польшчы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прэм’ер-міністр Польшчы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Министър-председател на Полша – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Министър-председател на Полша" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99edseda_vl%C3%A1dy_Polska" title="Předseda vlády Polska – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Předseda vlády Polska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polens_statsminister" title="Polens statsminister – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Polens statsminister" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerpr%C3%A4sident_(Polen)" title="Ministerpräsident (Polen) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ministerpräsident (Polen)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πρωθυπουργός της Πολωνίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρωθυπουργός της Πολωνίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_ministro_de_Polonia" title="Primer ministro de Polonia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Primer ministro de Polonia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88efministro_de_Pollando" title="Ĉefministro de Pollando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉefministro de Pollando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نخست‌وزیر لهستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نخست‌وزیر لهستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_du_Conseil_des_ministres_de_Pologne" title="Président du Conseil des ministres de Pologne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Président du Conseil des ministres de Pologne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard-vinishter_y_Pholynn" title="Ard-vinishter y Pholynn – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ard-vinishter y Pholynn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC" title="폴란드 총리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴란드 총리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fors%C3%A6tisr%C3%A1%C3%B0herra_P%C3%B3llands" title="Forsætisráðherra Póllands – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Forsætisráðherra Póllands" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_del_Consiglio_dei_ministri_della_Repubblica_di_Polonia" title="Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri della Repubblica di Polonia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri della Repubblica di Polonia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ראש ממשלת פולין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראש ממשלת פולין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Poland" title="Perdana Menteri Poland – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perdana Menteri Poland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="ポーランドの首相 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポーランドの首相" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਪੋਲੈਂਡ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਮੰਤਰੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੋਲੈਂਡ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਮੰਤਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezes_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w" title="Prezes Rady Ministrów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prezes Rady Ministrów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeiro-ministro_da_Pol%C3%B4nia" title="Primeiro-ministro da Polônia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Primeiro-ministro da Polônia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Meenister_o_Poland" title="Prime Meenister o Poland – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Prime Meenister o Poland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Prime Minister of Poland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Председник Владе Пољске – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Председник Владе Пољске" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puolan_p%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri" title="Puolan pääministeri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puolan pääministeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polens_regeringschef" title="Polens regeringschef – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polens regeringschef" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya_ba%C5%9Fbakan%C4%B1" title="Polonya başbakanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Polonya başbakanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%27%D1%94%D1%80-%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%89%D1%96" title="Прем'єр-міністр Польщі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прем'єр-міністр Польщі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng_Ba_Lan" title="Thủ tướng Ba Lan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thủ tướng Ba Lan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="波兰总理 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波兰总理" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 February 2025, at 06:40 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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