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Robustness</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Structural Robustness"> <meta name="keywords" content="Structural Robustness"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Structural Robustness"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4826</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Structural Robustness</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4826</span> Redundancy Component Matrix and Structural Robustness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinjian%20Kou">Xinjian Kou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linlin%20Li"> Linlin Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongju%20Zhou"> Yongju Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jimian%20Song"> Jimian Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We introduce the redundancy matrix that expresses clearly the geometrical/topological configuration of the structure. With the matrix, the redundancy of the structure is resolved into redundant components and assigned to each member or rigid joint. The values of the diagonal elements in the matrix indicates the importance of the corresponding members or rigid joints, and the geometrically correlations can be shown with the non-diagonal elements. If a member or rigid joint failures, reassignment of the redundant components can be calculated with the recursive method given in the paper. By combining the indexes of reliability and redundancy components, we define an index concerning the structural robustness. To further explain the properties of the redundancy matrix, we cited several examples of statically indeterminate structures, including two trusses and a rigid frame. With the examples, some simple results and the properties of the matrix are discussed. The examples also illustrate that the redundancy matrix and the relevant concepts are valuable in structural safety analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Structural%20Robustness" title="Structural Robustness">Structural Robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Structural%20Reliability" title=" Structural Reliability"> Structural Reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Redundancy%20Component" title=" Redundancy Component"> Redundancy Component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Redundancy%20Matrix" title=" Redundancy Matrix"> Redundancy Matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66420/redundancy-component-matrix-and-structural-robustness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4825</span> Probabilistic Robustness Assessment of Structures under Sudden Column-Loss Scenario</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Y%20Al-Attraqchi">Ali Y Al-Attraqchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Rajeev"> P. Rajeev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Javad%20Hashemi"> M. Javad Hashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riadh%20Al-Mahaidi"> Riadh Al-Mahaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a probabilistic incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) of a full reinforced concrete building subjected to column loss scenario for the assessment of progressive collapse. The IDA is chosen to explicitly account for uncertainties in loads and system capacity. Fragility curves are developed to predict the probability of progressive collapse given the loss of one or more columns. At a broader scale, it will also provide critical information needed to support the development of a new generation of design codes that attempt to explicitly quantify structural robustness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire" title="fire">fire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20incremental%20dynamic%20analysis" title=" nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis"> nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20collapse" title=" progressive collapse"> progressive collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20engineering" title=" structural engineering"> structural engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61232/probabilistic-robustness-assessment-of-structures-under-sudden-column-loss-scenario" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4824</span> Air Cargo Network Structure Characteristics and Robustness Analysis under the Belt and Road Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng-jie%20Xie">Feng-jie Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian-hong%20Yan"> Jian-hong Yan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the complex network theory, we construct the air cargo network of the Belt and Road area, analyze its regional distribution and structural characteristics, measure the robustness of the network. The regional distribution results show that Southeast Asia and China have the most prominent development in the air cargo network of the Belt and Road area, Central Asia is the least developed. The structure characteristics found that the air cargo network has obvious small-world characteristics; the degree distribution has single-scale property; it shows a significant rich-club phenomenon simultaneously. The network robustness is measured by two attack strategies of degree and betweenness, but the betweenness of network nodes has a greater impact on network connectivity. And identified 24 key cities that have a large impact on the robustness of the network under the two attack strategies. Based on these results, recommendations are given to maintain the air cargo network connectivity in the Belt and Road area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20cargo" title="air cargo">air cargo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20network" title=" complex network"> complex network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20properties" title=" structure properties"> structure properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=The%20Belt%20and%20Road" title=" The Belt and Road"> The Belt and Road</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129714/air-cargo-network-structure-characteristics-and-robustness-analysis-under-the-belt-and-road-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4823</span> Secure Watermarking not at the Cost of Low Robustness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Cao">Jian Cao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes a novel watermarking technique which we call the random direction embedding (RDE) watermarking. Unlike traditional watermarking techniques, the watermark energy after the RDE embedding does not focus on a fixed direction, leading to the security against the traditional unauthorized watermark removal attack. In addition, the experimental results show that when compared with the existing secure watermarking, namely natural watermarking (NW), the RDE watermarking gains significant improvement in terms of robustness. In fact, the security of the RDE watermarking is not at the cost of low robustness, and it can even achieve more robust than the traditional spread spectrum watermarking, which has been shown to be very insecure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title="robustness">robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spread%20spectrum%20watermarking" title=" spread spectrum watermarking"> spread spectrum watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking%20security" title=" watermarking security"> watermarking security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20direction%20embedding%20%28RDE%29" title=" random direction embedding (RDE)"> random direction embedding (RDE)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13722/secure-watermarking-not-at-the-cost-of-low-robustness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4822</span> Advancements in Truss Design for High-Performance Facades and Roof System: A Structural Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milind%20Anurag">Milind Anurag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates cutting-edge truss design improvements, which are specifically adapted to satisfy the structural demands and difficulties associated with high-performance facades and roofs in modern architectural environments. With a growing emphasis on sustainability, energy efficiency, and eye-catching architectural aesthetics, the structural components that support these characteristics play an important part in attaining the right balance of form and function. The paper seeks to contribute to the evolution of truss design methods by combining data from these investigations, giving significant insights for architects, engineers, and researchers interested in the creation of high-performance building envelopes. The findings of this study are meant to inform future design standards and practices, promoting the development of structures that seamlessly integrate architectural innovation with structural robustness and environmental responsibility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=truss%20design" title="truss design">truss design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-performance" title=" high-performance"> high-performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facades" title=" facades"> facades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20efficiency" title=" structural efficiency"> structural efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185397/advancements-in-truss-design-for-high-performance-facades-and-roof-system-a-structural-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4821</span> Concrete Mixes for Sustainability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristyna%20Hrabova">Kristyna Hrabova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabina%20H%C3%BCblova"> Sabina Hüblova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomas%20Vymazal"> Tomas Vymazal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Structural design of concrete structure has the result in qualities of structural safety and serviceability, together with durability, robustness, sustainability and resilience. A sustainable approach is at the heart of the research agenda around the world, and the Fibrillation Commission is also working on a new model code 2020. Now it is clear that the effects of mechanical, environmental load and even social coherence need to be reflected and included in the designing and evaluating structures. This study aimed to present the methodology for the sustainability assessment of various concrete mixtures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Model%20Code%202020" title=" Model Code 2020"> Model Code 2020</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124008/concrete-mixes-for-sustainability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4820</span> H∞robust Control Law for a Speed Dc Motor in Both Directions of Rotation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Abdallah%20Aicha">Ben Abdallah Aicha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work we show a H∞ synthesis method which enables us to calculate a feedback controller according to considerations of stability robustness and disturbance rejection translated on to the open loop response. However, it may happen that we have an additional specification on the closed loop response relating to tracking of the reference trajectory. The H∞ synthesis has the advantage of offering increased specifications in robustness stability. Implemented for a DC motor, it offers invaluable performance in speed control in both directions of rotation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%E2%88%9E%20synthesis" title="H∞ synthesis">H∞ synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%20motor" title=" DC motor"> DC motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness%20stability" title=" robustness stability"> robustness stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20conditions" title=" performance conditions"> performance conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172911/hrobust-control-law-for-a-speed-dc-motor-in-both-directions-of-rotation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4819</span> Neighborhood Graph-Optimized Preserving Discriminant Analysis for Image Feature Extraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoheng%20Tan">Xiaoheng Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xianfang%20Li"> Xianfang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tan%20Guo"> Tan Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuchuan%20Liu"> Yuchuan Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhijun%20Yang"> Zhijun Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongye%20Li"> Hongye Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Fu"> Kai Fu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yufang%20Wu"> Yufang Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heling%20Gong"> Heling Gong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The image data collected in reality often have high dimensions, and it contains noise and redundant information. Therefore, it is necessary to extract the compact feature expression of the original perceived image. In this process, effective use of prior knowledge such as data structure distribution and sample label is the key to enhance image feature discrimination and robustness. Based on the above considerations, this paper proposes a local preserving discriminant feature learning model based on graph optimization. The model has the following characteristics: (1) Locality preserving constraint can effectively excavate and preserve the local structural relationship between data. (2) The flexibility of graph learning can be improved by constructing a new local geometric structure graph using label information and the nearest neighbor threshold. (3) The L₂,₁ norm is used to redefine LDA, and the diagonal matrix is introduced as the scale factor of LDA, and the samples are selected, which improves the robustness of feature learning. The validity and robustness of the proposed algorithm are verified by experiments in two public image datasets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20extraction" title="feature extraction">feature extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph%20optimization%20local%20preserving%20projection" title=" graph optimization local preserving projection"> graph optimization local preserving projection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20discriminant%20analysis" title=" linear discriminant analysis"> linear discriminant analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%E2%82%82" title=" L₂"> L₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%82%81%20norm" title="₁ norm">₁ norm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129863/neighborhood-graph-optimized-preserving-discriminant-analysis-for-image-feature-extraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4818</span> Robustness of the Fuzzy Adaptive Speed Control of a Multi-Phase Asynchronous Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bessaad%20Taieb">Bessaad Taieb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benbouali%20Abderrahmen"> Benbouali Abderrahmen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fuzzy controllers are a powerful tool for controlling complex processes. However, its robustness capacity remains moderately limited because it loses its property for large ranges of parametric variations. In this paper, the proposed control method is designed, based on a fuzzy adaptive controller used as a remedy for this problem. For increase the robustness of the vector control and to maintain the performance of the five-phase asynchronous machine despite the presence of disturbances (variation of rotor resistance, rotor inertia variations, sudden variations in the load etc.), by applying the method of behaviour model control (BMC). The results of simulation show that the fuzzy adaptive control provides best performance and has a more robustness as the fuzzy (FLC) and as a conventional (PI) controller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20adaptive%20control" title="fuzzy adaptive control">fuzzy adaptive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behaviour%20model%20control" title=" behaviour model control"> behaviour model control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20control" title=" vector control"> vector control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=five-phase%20asynchronous%20machine" title=" five-phase asynchronous machine"> five-phase asynchronous machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168082/robustness-of-the-fuzzy-adaptive-speed-control-of-a-multi-phase-asynchronous-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4817</span> Structural Identification for Layered Composite Structures through a Wave and Finite Element Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rilwan%20Kayode%20Apalowo">Rilwan Kayode Apalowo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitrios%20Chronopoulos"> Dimitrios Chronopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An approach for identifying the geometric and material characteristics of layered composite structures through an inverse wave and finite element methodology is proposed. These characteristics are obtained through multi-frequency single shot measurements. However, it is established that the frequency regime of the measurements does not matter, meaning that both ultrasonic and structural dynamics frequency spectra can be employed. Taking advantage of a full FE (finite elements) description of the periodic composite, the scheme is able to account for arbitrarily complex structures. In order to demonstrate the robustness of the presented scheme, it is applied to a sandwich composite panel and results are compared with that of experimental characterization techniques. Excellent agreement is obtained with the experimental measurements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20identification" title="structural identification">structural identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-destructive%20evaluation" title=" non-destructive evaluation"> non-destructive evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20elements" title=" finite elements"> finite elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20propagation" title=" wave propagation"> wave propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layered%20structures" title=" layered structures"> layered structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109615/structural-identification-for-layered-composite-structures-through-a-wave-and-finite-element-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4816</span> Support Vector Regression with Weighted Least Absolute Deviations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang-Mo%20Jung">Kang-Mo Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) is a penalized regression which considers both fitting and generalization ability of a model. However, the squared loss function is very sensitive to even single outlier. We proposed a weighted absolute deviation loss function for the robustness of the estimates in least absolute deviation support vector machine. The proposed estimates can be obtained by a quadratic programming algorithm. Numerical experiments on simulated datasets show that the proposed algorithm is competitive in view of robustness to outliers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20absolute%20deviation" title="least absolute deviation">least absolute deviation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadratic%20programming" title=" quadratic programming"> quadratic programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machine" title=" support vector machine"> support vector machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight" title=" weight"> weight</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23674/support-vector-regression-with-weighted-least-absolute-deviations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4815</span> Seizure Effects of FP Bearings on the Seismic Reliability of Base-Isolated Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paolo%20Castaldo">Paolo Castaldo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20Palazzo"> Bruno Palazzo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Lodato"> Laura Lodato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study deals with the seizure effects of friction pendulum (FP) bearings on the seismic reliability of a 3D base-isolated nonlinear structural system, designed according to Italian seismic code (NTC08). The isolated system consists in a 3D reinforced concrete superstructure, a r.c. substructure and the FP devices, described by employing a velocity dependent model. The seismic input uncertainty is considered as a random variable relevant to the problem, by employing a set of natural seismic records selected in compliance with L’Aquila (Italy) seismic hazard as provided from NTC08. Several non-linear dynamic analyses considering the three components of each ground motion have been performed with the aim to evaluate the seismic reliability of the superstructure, substructure, and isolation level, also taking into account the seizure event of the isolation devices. Finally, a design solution aimed at increasing the seismic robustness of the base-isolated systems with FPS is analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FP%20devices" title="FP devices">FP devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20reliability" title=" seismic reliability"> seismic reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20robustness" title=" seismic robustness"> seismic robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seizure" title=" seizure"> seizure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55083/seizure-effects-of-fp-bearings-on-the-seismic-reliability-of-base-isolated-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4814</span> Efficient Antenna Array Beamforming with Robustness against Random Steering Mismatch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju-Hong%20Lee">Ju-Hong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Wei%20Liao"> Ching-Wei Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun-Che%20Lee"> Kun-Che Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the problem of using antenna sensors for adaptive beamforming in the presence of random steering mismatch. We present an efficient adaptive array beamformer with robustness to deal with the considered problem. The robustness of the proposed beamformer comes from the efficient designation of the steering vector. Using the received array data vector, we construct an appropriate correlation matrix associated with the received array data vector and a correlation matrix associated with signal sources. Then, the eigenvector associated with the largest eigenvalue of the constructed signal correlation matrix is designated as an appropriate estimate of the steering vector. Finally, the adaptive weight vector required for adaptive beamforming is obtained by using the estimated steering vector and the constructed correlation matrix of the array data vector. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20beamforming" title="adaptive beamforming">adaptive beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20array" title=" antenna array"> antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linearly%20constrained%20minimum%20variance" title=" linearly constrained minimum variance"> linearly constrained minimum variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20vector" title=" steering vector"> steering vector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84543/efficient-antenna-array-beamforming-with-robustness-against-random-steering-mismatch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4813</span> H-Infinity Controller Design for the Switched Reluctance Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siwar%20Fadhel">Siwar Fadhel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imen%20Bahri"> Imen Bahri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Zhang"> Man Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The switched reluctance machine (SRM) has undeniable qualities in terms of low cost and mechanical robustness. However, its highly nonlinear character and its uncertain parameters justify the development of complicated controls. In this paper, authors present the design of a robust H-infinity current controller for an 8/6 SRM with taking into account the nonlinearity of the SRM and with rejection of disturbances. The electromagnetic torque is indirectly regulated through the current controller. To show the performances of this control, a robustness analysis is performed by comparing the H-infinity and PI controller simulation results. This comparison demonstrates better performances for the presented controller. The effectiveness and robustness of the presented controller are also demonstrated by experimental tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20regulation" title="current regulation">current regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimentation" title=" experimentation"> experimentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20H-infinity%20control" title=" robust H-infinity control"> robust H-infinity control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switched%20reluctance%20machine" title=" switched reluctance machine"> switched reluctance machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54863/h-infinity-controller-design-for-the-switched-reluctance-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4812</span> Studying Relationship between Local Geometry of Decision Boundary with Network Complexity for Robustness Analysis with Adversarial Perturbations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tushar%20K.%20Routh">Tushar K. Routh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> If inputs are engineered in certain manners, they can influence deep neural networks’ (DNN) performances by facilitating misclassifications, a phenomenon well-known as adversarial attacks that question networks’ vulnerability. Recent studies have unfolded the relationship between vulnerability of such networks with their complexity. In this paper, the distinctive influence of additional convolutional layers at the decision boundaries of several DNN architectures was investigated. Here, to engineer inputs from widely known image datasets like MNIST, Fashion MNIST, and Cifar 10, we have exercised One Step Spectral Attack (OSSA) and Fast Gradient Method (FGM) techniques. The aftermaths of adding layers to the robustness of the architectures have been analyzed. For reasoning, separation width from linear class partitions and local geometry (curvature) near the decision boundary have been examined. The result reveals that model complexity has significant roles in adjusting relative distances from margins, as well as the local features of decision boundaries, which impact robustness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNN%20robustness" title="DNN robustness">DNN robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20boundary" title=" decision boundary"> decision boundary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20curvature" title=" local curvature"> local curvature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20complexity" title=" network complexity"> network complexity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145321/studying-relationship-between-local-geometry-of-decision-boundary-with-network-complexity-for-robustness-analysis-with-adversarial-perturbations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4811</span> Multi-objective Rationality Optimisation for Robotic-fabrication-oriented Free-form Timber Structure Morphology Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiping%20Meng">Yiping Meng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiming%20Sun"> Yiming Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The traditional construction industry is unable to meet the requirements for novel fabrication and construction. Automated construction and digital design have emerged as industry development trends that compensate for this shortcoming under the backdrop of Industrial Revolution 4.0. Benefitting from more flexible working space and more various end-effector tools compared to CNC methods, robot fabrication and construction techniques have been used in irregular architectural design. However, there is a lack of a systematic and comprehensive design and optimisation workflow considering geometric form, material, and fabrication methods. This paper aims to propose a design optimisation workflow for improving the rationality of a free-form timber structure fabricated by the robotic arm. Firstly, the free-form surface is described by NURBS, while its structure is calculated using the finite element analysis method. Then, by considering the characteristics and limiting factors of robotic timber fabrication, strain energy and robustness are set as optimisation objectives to optimise structural morphology by gradient descent method. As a result, an optimised structure with axial force as the main force and uniform stress distribution is generated after the structure morphology optimisation process. With the decreased strain energy and the improved robustness, the generated structure's bearing capacity and mechanical properties have been enhanced. The results prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optimisation workflow for free-form timber structure morphology design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic%20fabrication" title="robotic fabrication">robotic fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free-form%20timber%20structure" title=" free-form timber structure"> free-form timber structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multi-objective%20optimisation" title=" Multi-objective optimisation"> Multi-objective optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Structural%20morphology" title=" Structural morphology"> Structural morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20design" title=" rational design"> rational design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140664/multi-objective-rationality-optimisation-for-robotic-fabrication-oriented-free-form-timber-structure-morphology-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4810</span> Magneto-Rheological Damper Based Semi-Active Robust H∞ Control of Civil Structures with Parametric Uncertainties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vedat%20Senol">Vedat Senol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gursoy%20Turan"> Gursoy Turan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anders%20Helmersson"> Anders Helmersson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vortechz%20Andersson"> Vortechz Andersson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In developing a mathematical model of a real structure, the simulation results of the model may not match the real structural response. This is a general problem that arises during dynamic motion of the structure, which may be modeled by means of parameter variations in the stiffness, damping, and mass matrices. These changes in parameters need to be estimated, and the mathematical model is updated to obtain higher control performances and robustness. In this study, a linear fractional transformation (LFT) is utilized for uncertainty modeling. Further, a general approach to the design of an H∞ control of a magneto-rheological damper (MRD) for vibration reduction in a building with mass, damping, and stiffness uncertainties is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty%20modeling" title="uncertainty modeling">uncertainty modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20control" title=" structural control"> structural control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MR%20Damper" title=" MR Damper"> MR Damper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%E2%88%9E" title=" H∞"> H∞</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20control" title=" robust control"> robust control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111738/magneto-rheological-damper-based-semi-active-robust-h-control-of-civil-structures-with-parametric-uncertainties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111738.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4809</span> Model Updating Based on Modal Parameters Using Hybrid Pattern Search Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Guo">N. Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Xu"> C. Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20C.%20Yang"> Z. C. Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to ensure the high reliability of an aircraft, the accurate structural dynamics analysis has become an indispensable part in the design of an aircraft structure. Therefore, the structural finite element model which can be used to accurately calculate the structural dynamics and their transfer relations is the prerequisite in structural dynamic design. A dynamic finite element model updating method is presented to correct the uncertain parameters of the finite element model of a structure using measured modal parameters. The coordinate modal assurance criterion is used to evaluate the correlation level at each coordinate over the experimental and the analytical mode shapes. Then, the weighted summation of the natural frequency residual and the coordinate modal assurance criterion residual is used as the objective function. Moreover, the hybrid pattern search (HPS) optimization technique, which synthesizes the advantages of pattern search (PS) optimization technique and genetic algorithm (GA), is introduced to solve the dynamic FE model updating problem. A numerical simulation and a model updating experiment for GARTEUR aircraft model are performed to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the present dynamic model updating method, respectively. The updated results show that the proposed method can be successfully used to modify the incorrect parameters with good robustness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20updating" title="model updating">model updating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20parameter" title=" modal parameter"> modal parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coordinate%20modal%20assurance%20criterion" title=" coordinate modal assurance criterion"> coordinate modal assurance criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20genetic%2Fpattern%20search" title=" hybrid genetic/pattern search"> hybrid genetic/pattern search</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98650/model-updating-based-on-modal-parameters-using-hybrid-pattern-search-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98650.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4808</span> Identifying Unknown Dynamic Forces Applied on Two Dimensional Frames</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Katkhuda">H. Katkhuda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A time domain approach is used in this paper to identify unknown dynamic forces applied on two dimensional frames using the measured dynamic structural responses for a sub-structure in the two dimensional frame. In this paper a sub-structure finite element model with short length of measurement from only three or four accelerometers is required, and an iterative least-square algorithm is used to identify the unknown dynamic force applied on the structure. Validity of the method is demonstrated with numerical examples using noise-free and noise-contaminated structural responses. Both harmonic and impulsive forces are studied. The results show that the proposed approach can identify unknown dynamic forces within very limited iterations with high accuracy and shows its robustness even noise- polluted dynamic response measurements are utilized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20force%20identification" title="dynamic force identification">dynamic force identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20responses" title=" dynamic responses"> dynamic responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-structure" title=" sub-structure"> sub-structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20domain" title=" time domain"> time domain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8992/identifying-unknown-dynamic-forces-applied-on-two-dimensional-frames" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4807</span> Robustness Analysis of the Carbon and Nitrogen Co-Metabolism Model of Mucor mucedo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahid%20Banihashemi">Nahid Banihashemi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An emerging important area of the life sciences is systems biology, which involves understanding the integrated behavior of large numbers of components interacting via non-linear reaction terms. A centrally important problem in this area is an understanding of the co-metabolism of protein and carbohydrate, as it has been clearly demonstrated that the ratio of these metabolites in diet is a major determinant of obesity and related chronic disease. In this regard, we have considered a systems biology model for the co-metabolism of carbon and nitrogen in colonies of the fungus Mucor mucedo. Oscillations are an important diagnostic of underlying dynamical processes of this model. The maintenance of specific patterns of oscillation and its relation to the robustness of this system are the important issues which have been targeted in this paper. In this regard, parametric sensitivity approach as a theoretical approach has been considered for the analysis of the robustness of this model. As a result, the parameters of the model which produce the largest sensitivities have been identified. Furthermore, the largest changes that can be made in each parameter of the model without losing the oscillations in biomass production have been computed. The results are obtained from the implementation of parametric sensitivity analysis in Matlab. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20biology" title="system biology">system biology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20sensitivity%20analysis" title=" parametric sensitivity analysis"> parametric sensitivity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20and%20nitrogen%20co-metabolism" title=" carbon and nitrogen co-metabolism"> carbon and nitrogen co-metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mucor%20mucedo" title=" Mucor mucedo"> Mucor mucedo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16288/robustness-analysis-of-the-carbon-and-nitrogen-co-metabolism-model-of-mucor-mucedo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4806</span> Kalman Filter Design in Structural Identification with Unknown Excitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Masoumi">Z. Masoumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Moaveni"> B. Moaveni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article is about first step of structural health monitoring by identifying structural system in the presence of unknown input. In the structural system identification, identification of structural parameters such as stiffness and damping are considered. In this study, the Kalman filter (KF) design for structural systems with unknown excitation is expressed. External excitations, such as earthquakes, wind or any other forces are not measured or not available. The purpose of this filter is its strengths to estimate the state variables of the system in the presence of unknown input. Also least squares estimation (LSE) method with unknown input is studied. Estimates of parameters have been adopted. Finally, using two examples advantages and drawbacks of both methods are studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter%20%28KF%29" title="Kalman filter (KF)">Kalman filter (KF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20square%20estimation%20%28LSE%29" title=" least square estimation (LSE)"> least square estimation (LSE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20health%20monitoring%20%28SHM%29" title=" structural health monitoring (SHM)"> structural health monitoring (SHM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20system%20identification" title=" structural system identification"> structural system identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49817/kalman-filter-design-in-structural-identification-with-unknown-excitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4805</span> Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of MnNi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Benkhettoua">N. Benkhettoua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Barkata"> Y. Barkata </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present first-principles studies of structural and thermodynamic properties of MnNi According to the calculated total energies, by using an all-electron full-potential linear muffin–tin orbital method (FP-LMTO) within LDA and the quasi-harmonic Debye model implemented in the Gibbs program is used for the temperature effect on structural and calorific properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20materials" title="magnetic materials">magnetic materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20properties" title=" structural properties"> structural properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamic%20properties" title=" thermodynamic properties"> thermodynamic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallurgical%20and%20materials%20engineering" title=" metallurgical and materials engineering"> metallurgical and materials engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14206/structural-and-thermodynamic-properties-of-mnni" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">557</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4804</span> Structural Damage Detection Using Modal Data Employing Teaching Learning Based Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhajit%20Das">Subhajit Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nirjhar%20Dhang"> Nirjhar Dhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Structural damage detection is a challenging work in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). The damage detection methods mainly focused on the determination of the location and severity of the damage. Model updating is a well known method to locate and quantify the damage. In this method, an error function is defined in terms of difference between the signal measured from ‘experiment’ and signal obtained from undamaged finite element model. This error function is minimised with a proper algorithm, and the finite element model is updated accordingly to match the measured response. Thus, the damage location and severity can be identified from the updated model. In this paper, an error function is defined in terms of modal data viz. frequencies and modal assurance criteria (MAC). MAC is derived from Eigen vectors. This error function is minimized by teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm, and the finite element model is updated accordingly to locate and quantify the damage. Damage is introduced in the model by reduction of stiffness of the structural member. The ‘experimental’ data is simulated by the finite element modelling. The error due to experimental measurement is introduced in the synthetic ‘experimental’ data by adding random noise, which follows Gaussian distribution. The efficiency and robustness of this method are explained through three examples e.g., one truss, one beam and one frame problem. The result shows that TLBO algorithm is efficient to detect the damage location as well as the severity of damage using modal data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20detection" title="damage detection">damage detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20model%20updating" title=" finite element model updating"> finite element model updating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20assurance%20criteria" title=" modal assurance criteria"> modal assurance criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20health%20monitoring" title=" structural health monitoring"> structural health monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20learning%20based%20optimization" title=" teaching learning based optimization"> teaching learning based optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77962/structural-damage-detection-using-modal-data-employing-teaching-learning-based-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4803</span> H-Infinity and RST Position Controllers of Rotary Traveling Wave Ultrasonic Motor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Brahim">M. Brahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Bahri"> I. Bahri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Bernard"> Y. Bernard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traveling Wave Ultrasonic Motor (TWUM) is a compact, precise, and silent actuator generating high torque at low speed without gears. Moreover, the TWUM has a high holding torque without supply, which makes this motor as an attractive solution for holding position of robotic arms. However, their nonlinear dynamics, and the presence of load-dependent dead zones often limit their use. Those issues can be overcome in closed loop with effective and precise controllers. In this paper, robust H-infinity (H∞) and discrete time RST position controllers are presented. The H∞ controller is designed in continuous time with additional weighting filters to ensure the robustness in the case of uncertain motor model and external disturbances. Robust RST controller based on the pole placement method is also designed and compared to the H∞. Simulink model of TWUM is used to validate the stability and the robustness of the two proposed controllers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric%20motors" title="piezoelectric motors">piezoelectric motors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=position%20control" title=" position control"> position control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%E2%88%9E" title=" H∞"> H∞</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RST" title=" RST"> RST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20criteria" title=" stability criteria"> stability criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55691/h-infinity-and-rst-position-controllers-of-rotary-traveling-wave-ultrasonic-motor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4802</span> Model Free Terminal Sliding Mode with Gravity Compensation: Application to an Exoskeleton-Upper Limb System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Bembli">Sana Bembli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahla%20Khraief%20Haddad"> Nahla Khraief Haddad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safya%20Belghith"> Safya Belghith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with a robust model free terminal sliding mode with gravity compensation approach used to control an exoskeleton-upper limb system. The considered system is a 2-DoF robot in interaction with an upper limb used for rehabilitation. The aim of this paper is to control the flexion/extension movement of the shoulder and the elbow joints in presence of matched disturbances. In the first part, we present the exoskeleton-upper limb system modeling. Then, we controlled the considered system by the model free terminal sliding mode with gravity compensation. A stability study is realized. To prove the controller performance, a robustness analysis was needed. Simulation results are provided to confirm the robustness of the gravity compensation combined with to the Model free terminal sliding mode in presence of uncertainties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exoskeleton-%20upper%20limb%20system" title="exoskeleton- upper limb system">exoskeleton- upper limb system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20free%20terminal%20sliding%20mode" title=" model free terminal sliding mode"> model free terminal sliding mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20compensation" title=" gravity compensation"> gravity compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness%20analysis" title=" robustness analysis"> robustness analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129467/model-free-terminal-sliding-mode-with-gravity-compensation-application-to-an-exoskeleton-upper-limb-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4801</span> Deep Reinforcement Learning and Generative Adversarial Networks Approach to Thwart Intrusions and Adversarial Attacks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabrice%20Setephin%20Atedjio">Fabrice Setephin Atedjio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Pierre%20Lienou"> Jean-Pierre Lienou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederica%20F.%20Nelson"> Frederica F. Nelson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sachin%20S.%20Shetty"> Sachin S. Shetty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20A.%20Kamhoua"> Charles A. Kamhoua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Malicious users exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems, significantly disrupting their performance and revealing the inadequacies of existing protective solutions. Even machine learning-based approaches, designed to ensure reliability, can be compromised by adversarial attacks that undermine their robustness. This paper addresses two critical aspects of enhancing model reliability. First, we focus on improving model performance and robustness against adversarial threats. To achieve this, we propose a strategy by harnessing deep reinforcement learning. Second, we introduce an approach leveraging generative adversarial networks to counter adversarial attacks effectively. Our results demonstrate substantial improvements over previous works in the literature, with classifiers exhibiting enhanced accuracy in classification tasks, even in the presence of adversarial perturbations. These findings underscore the efficacy of the proposed model in mitigating intrusions and adversarial attacks within the machine-learning landscape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title="machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adversarial%20attacks" title=" adversarial attacks"> adversarial attacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep-reinforcement%20learning" title=" deep-reinforcement learning"> deep-reinforcement learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194008/deep-reinforcement-learning-and-generative-adversarial-networks-approach-to-thwart-intrusions-and-adversarial-attacks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4800</span> (Re)Assessing Clinical Spaces: How Do We Critically Provide Mental Health and Disability Support and Effective Care for Young People Who Are Impacted by Structural Violence and Structural Racism?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sireen%20Irsheid">Sireen Irsheid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephanie%20Keeney%20Parks"> Stephanie Keeney Parks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20A.%20Lindsey"> Michael A. Lindsey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The medical and mental health field have been organized as reactive systems to respond to symptoms of mental health problems and disability. This becomes problematic particularly for those harmed by structural violence and racism, typically pushing us in the direction of alleviating symptoms and personalizing structural problems. The current paper examines how we assess, diagnose, and treat mental health and disability challenges in clinical spaces. We provide the readers with some context to think about the problem of racism and mental health/disability, ways to deconstruct the problem through the lens of structural violence, and recommendations to critically engage in clinical assessments, diagnosis, and treatment for young people impacted by structural violence and racism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title="mental health">mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disability" title=" disability"> disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=race%20and%20ethnicity" title=" race and ethnicity"> race and ethnicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20violence" title=" structural violence"> structural violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20racism" title=" structural racism"> structural racism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20people" title=" young people"> young people</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184549/reassessing-clinical-spaces-how-do-we-critically-provide-mental-health-and-disability-support-and-effective-care-for-young-people-who-are-impacted-by-structural-violence-and-structural-racism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4799</span> Stress Analysis of Turbine Blades of Turbocharger Using Structural Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Kalvin">Roman Kalvin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anam%20Nadeem"> Anam Nadeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saba%20Arif"> Saba Arif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Turbocharger is a device that is driven by the turbine and increases efficiency and power output of the engine by forcing external air into the combustion chamber. This study focused on the distribution of stress on the turbine blades and total deformation that may occur during its working along with turbocharger to carry out its static structural analysis of turbine blades. Structural steel was selected as the material for turbocharger. Assembly of turbocharger and turbine blades was designed on PRO ENGINEER. Furthermore, the structural analysis is performed by using ANSYS. This research concluded that by using structural steel, the efficiency of engine is improved and by increasing number of turbine blades, more waste heat from combustion chamber is emitted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbocharger" title="turbocharger">turbocharger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbine%20blades" title=" turbine blades"> turbine blades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20steel" title=" structural steel"> structural steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS" title=" ANSYS"> ANSYS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97552/stress-analysis-of-turbine-blades-of-turbocharger-using-structural-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4798</span> Effect of Structural Change on Productivity Convergence: A Panel Unit Root Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Naveed">Amjad Naveed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study analysed the role of structural change in the process of labour productivity convergence at country and regional levels. Many forms of structural changes occurred within the European Union (EU) countries i.e. variation in sectoral employment share, changes in demand for products, variations in trade patterns and advancement in technology which may have an influence on the process of convergence. Earlier studies on convergence have neglected the role of structural changes which can have resulted in different conclusion on the nature of convergence. The contribution of this study is to examine the role of structural change in testing labour productivity convergence at various levels. For the empirical purpose, the data of 19 EU countries, 259 regions and 6 industries is used for the period of 1991-2009. The results indicate that convergence varies across regional and country levels for different industries when considered the role of structural change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20produvitivty" title="labor produvitivty">labor produvitivty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergence" title=" convergence"> convergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20change" title=" structural change"> structural change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panel%20unit%20root" title=" panel unit root"> panel unit root</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59813/effect-of-structural-change-on-productivity-convergence-a-panel-unit-root-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4797</span> Comparative Study between Direct Torque Control and Sliding Mode Control of Sensorless Induction Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fouad%20Berrabah">Fouad Berrabah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Salah"> Saad Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaamouche%20Fares"> Zaamouche Fares </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the Direct Torque Control (DTC) Control and the Sliding Mode Control for induction motor are presented and compared. The performance of the two control schemes is evaluated in terms of torque and current ripple, and transient response to variations of the torque , speed and robustness, trajectory tracking. In order to identify the more suitable solution for any application, both techniques are analyzed mathematically and simulation results are compared which advantages and drawbacks are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20motor" title="induction motor">induction motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DTC-%20MRAS%20control" title=" DTC- MRAS control"> DTC- MRAS control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode%20control" title=" sliding mode control"> sliding mode control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trajectory%20tracking" title=" trajectory tracking"> trajectory tracking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24357/comparative-study-between-direct-torque-control-and-sliding-mode-control-of-sensorless-induction-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24357.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">597</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Structural%20Robustness&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Structural%20Robustness&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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