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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Orthodox Rabbinical Association</div> <p>The <b>Rabbinical Council of America</b> (<b>RCA</b>) is one of the world's largest organizations of <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbis</a>; it is affiliated with <a href="/wiki/The_Union_of_Orthodox_Jewish_Congregations_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="The Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America">The Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America</a>, more commonly known as the Orthodox Union (OU). It is the main professional rabbinical association within <a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern Orthodox</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many rabbis of the RCA are graduates of the <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Isaac_Elchanan_Theological_Seminary" title="Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary">Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University" title="Yeshiva University">Yeshiva University</a> or otherwise identify with <a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern Orthodox Judaism</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbinical_Council_of_America&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The roots of the organization go back to 1923 when it was founded as the Rabbinical Council of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Orthodox_Jewish_Congregations_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America">Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America</a>. Its purpose was to perpetuate and promote Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a>. </p><p>Its members attempted on a number of occasions to merge with other Jewish groups, for the purpose of developing a unified traditional rabbinate for the <a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_community" class="mw-redirect" title="American Jewish community">American Jewish community</a>. A number of attempts were made to join with groups, such as <a href="/wiki/Agudat_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Agudat Israel">Agudat Israel</a>, but all such attempts were rebuffed. </p><p>A merger took place in 1935 between the <a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_Council_of_the_Union_of_Orthodox_Jewish_Congregations" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbinical Council of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations">Rabbinical Council of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations</a> and another Orthodox rabbinical group, the Rabbinical Association of the <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Isaac_Elchanan_Theological_Seminary" title="Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary">Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary</a>, a part of <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University" title="Yeshiva University">Yeshiva University</a>. With this merger the combined group took the name Rabbinical Council of America (RCA). In 1942, the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Theological_College" title="Hebrew Theological College">Hebrew Theological College</a> alumni merged with the RCA. In later years, the RCA attempted to merge with another Orthodox rabbinical group, the <a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_Alliance_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbinical Alliance of America">Rabbinical Alliance of America</a>, but this attempt failed. There was also a temporary adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Roundtable" title="Orthodox Roundtable">Orthodox Roundtable</a> that was abandoned in 1991; RCA leadership tried to censor the group. </p><p>Most members of the Rabbinical Council of America are actively working as pulpit rabbis; a significant minority are working in <a href="/wiki/Jewish_education" title="Jewish education">Jewish education</a>. </p><p>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Soloveitchik" title="Joseph B. Soloveitchik">Joseph B. Soloveitchik</a> played an important role in the RCA until his death in 1993. For many years, the RCA was led by Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Steven_Dworken" title="Steven Dworken">Steven Dworkin</a>, who served as executive vice-president until his death in January 2003. The RCA was then headed by Rabbi Basil Herring, who previously served as director of the Orthodox Forum. In September 2012 the RCA announced that Rabbi Herring was transitioning to the position of <a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">editor-in-chief</a> of RCA Publications and that Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Mark_Dratch" title="Mark Dratch">Mark Dratch</a> would take over as the new EVP.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, complaints have surfaced within the Orthodox Jewish community about a lack of leadership and direction by the RCA and that the RCA has failed to meet the challenges posed by recent changes within the Orthodox Jewish community. </p><p>It publishes an English quarterly <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">journal</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tradition_(journal)" title="Tradition (journal)">Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought</a></i>, which began in 1958, and a Hebrew journal, <i>HaDarom</i>, which began in 1957. </p><p>The RCA was, for many years, affiliated with two <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshivas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> – Yeshivat HaDarom and the <i><a href="/wiki/Gan_Yavne" title="Gan Yavne">Gan Yavneh</a> Youth Village.</i> It severed its relations with both in 2009, pleading economic difficulties<i>.</i> </p><p>In 2009, it issued a protest against a <a href="/wiki/USCCB" class="mw-redirect" title="USCCB">USCCB</a> statement on interfaith dialogue that was critical of <a href="/wiki/Dual-covenant_theology" title="Dual-covenant theology">dual-covenant theology</a>. </p><p>As of 2010, there were close to 1,000 ordained rabbis in the RCA, spread throughout 14 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geirus_Policies_and_Standards_committee">Geirus Policies and Standards committee</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbinical_Council_of_America&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geirus Policies and Standards committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007, the RCA established a <a href="/wiki/Geirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Geirus">Geirus</a> Policies and Standards (GPS) committee, to strive for uniform conversion procedures by its affiliated rabbis and local rabbinical courts across the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pruzansky_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pruzansky-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lowenfeld_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowenfeld-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The move was controversial, with some criticism that it would make conversion more difficult and intimidating, create onerous burdens for adopted children scheduled for conversion, and represented a capitulation to more conservative voices.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pruzansky_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pruzansky-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lowenfeld_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowenfeld-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporters of the GPS maintain that it would establish certainty for converts—particularly those looking to move to Israel and have their conversion recognized, create definite benchmarks, ensure observance of Jewish law by converts, and squelch past practices of questionable conversions that stemmed from situational pressure on individual rabbis.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pruzansky_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pruzansky-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the process created by the GPS, while individual rabbis mentor and educate potential converts, as was the case previously, a regional religious court (<a href="/wiki/Beth_din" title="Beth din">beth din</a>) finalizes the conversion by examining the prospective convert and deciding whether to approving the application.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pruzansky_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pruzansky-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A week after the arrest of Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Barry_Freundel" title="Barry Freundel">Barry Freundel</a>, a prominent <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> area RCA member on charges of <a href="/wiki/Voyeurism" title="Voyeurism">voyeurism</a> at a <i><a href="/wiki/Mikvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikvah">mikvah</a></i>, the RCA sought to contain damage from negative publicity. It announced on October 20, 2014 that it would now require the appointment of ombudswomen to protect the interests and handle concerns of women undergoing conversion to Judaism, a process which requires disrobing in a ritual bath. The council announced it would also create a commission to identify ways that abuses of converts during the conversion process could be prevented. The council noted that the commission will include female members.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crimes allegedly committed by Freundel sent shock waves through the American Jewish community and threatened to precipitate a crisis between the American and Israeli rabbinates. Initially, the spokesperson for the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbinate_of_Israel" title="Chief Rabbinate of Israel">Chief Rabbinate of Israel</a>, Ziv Maor, indicated that conversions Freundel had supervised would be reviewed, but after an emergency meeting the Rabbinate issued a statement that Freundel's conversions before his arrest would be viewed as valid.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2014 the RCA was added as a defendant in a lawsuit prompted by Freundel's alleged voyeurism. The lawsuit was filed by a student at <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>'s law school who initially identified <a href="/wiki/Kesher_Israel_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Kesher Israel (Washington, D.C.)">Kesher Israel Congregation</a>, the synagogue where Freundel served as rabbi, the <i>mikvah</i>, and the law school as defendants for permitting Freundel’s alleged illegal activities to go unchecked.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two more lawsuits were filed by the end of 2014, alleging RCA was aware of irregular behavior on Freundel's part but failed to remove him from positions of authority. Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Marc_D._Angel" title="Marc D. Angel">Marc D. Angel</a>, a critic of the RCA's new conversion system, claimed that if the allegations are true, they reinforce concerns about the concentration of conversion powers. "This is a bad example of the fears we have had all along," Angel told <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Daily_Forward" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jewish Daily Forward">The Jewish Daily Forward</a></i>. "If you concentrate too much power in few hands, then there is bound to be abuse, and this just confirms our deepest fears." In response to the lawsuits, RCA issued the following statement: "The RCA has conducted itself appropriately and is taking important steps to improve its conversion protocols. We will defend ourselves vigorously in this matter."<sup id="cite_ref-carwash_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carwash-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 22, 2018, a $14.25 million class action settlement was reached over claims connected to Freundel.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The RCA, along with Kesher Israel, the National Capital Mikvah, and the <a href="/wiki/Beth_Din_of_America" title="Beth Din of America">Beth Din of America</a>, were named as settling defendants.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbinical_Council_of_America&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the release of a resolution on gun usage and <a href="/wiki/Gun_ownership" title="Gun ownership">gun ownership</a> in July 2014, a controversy arose where a group of 12 Orthodox rabbis—nine of them members of the RCA—issued a counterstatement disputing the resolution.<sup id="cite_ref-wapo20140916_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wapo20140916-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent dialogue focused on the alleged narrowness or breadth of the RCA statement in condemning "gun violence" and the "critique of elements of American culture that valorize weaponry and violence” that focus exclusively on <a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">guns</a> rather than non-firearm related violence in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-grpc20141006_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grpc20141006-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the RCA maintained that the resolution was "not about particular laws and regulations but a critique of elements of American culture that valorize weaponry and violence. That is, it was a broader critique of American gun culture."<sup id="cite_ref-wapo20141003_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wapo20141003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original resolution was passed by a plurality in a vote that included less than ten percent of RCA members participating.<sup id="cite_ref-wapo20140916_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wapo20140916-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Position_on_women's_ordination"><span id="Position_on_women.27s_ordination"></span>Position on women's ordination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbinical_Council_of_America&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Position on women's ordination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2015, the RCA passed a resolution which states, "RCA members with positions in Orthodox institutions may not ordain women into the Orthodox rabbinate, regardless of the title used; or hire or ratify the hiring of a woman into a rabbinic position at an Orthodox institution; or allow a title implying rabbinic ordination to be used by a teacher of Limudei Kodesh in an Orthodox institution."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rabbi Seth Farber, an RCA member, called the RCA’s resolution a “PR stunt by the right-wing membership of the RCA in order to further deepen the dividing lines among orthodoxy,” and said that he believed the RCA leadership did not support the resolution.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Avi_Weiss" title="Avi Weiss">Avi Weiss</a> and Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Asher_Lopatin" title="Asher Lopatin">Asher Lopatin</a> resigned in protest of the RCA resolution.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidents">Presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbinical_Council_of_America&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents_2">Presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbinical_Council_of_America&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Goldstein" title="Herbert S. Goldstein">Herbert S. Goldstein</a> (1938–1940)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simcha_Levy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simcha Levy (page does not exist)">Simcha Levy</a> (1940–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lookstein" title="Joseph Lookstein">Joseph Lookstein</a> (1942–1944)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Drazin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Drazin (page does not exist)">William Drazin</a> (1944–1946)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uri_Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uri Miller (page does not exist)">Uri Miller</a> (1946–1948)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel_Tabak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Israel Tabak (page does not exist)">Israel Tabak</a> (1948–1950)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Berliant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Berliant (page does not exist)">Samuel Berliant</a> (1950–1952)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_L._Adams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore L. Adams (page does not exist)">Theodore L. Adams</a> (1952–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hollander_(rabbi)" title="David Hollander (rabbi)">David B. Hollander</a> (1954–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Sharfman" title="Solomon Sharfman">Solomon J. Sharfman</a> (1956–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Rackman" title="Emanuel Rackman">Emanuel Rackman</a> (1958–1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Weinberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Weinberg (page does not exist)">Charles Weinberg</a> (1960–1962)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Avrutick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abraham Avrutick (page does not exist)">Abraham Avrutick</a> (1962–1964)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel_Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Israel Miller (page does not exist)">Israel Miller</a> (1964–1966)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pesach_Levovitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pesach Levovitz (page does not exist)">Pesach Levovitz</a> (1966–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zev_Segal" title="Zev Segal">Zev Segal</a> (1968–1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_L._Berzon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard L. Berzon (page does not exist)">Bernard L. Berzon</a> (1970–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bernstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Bernstein">Louis Bernstein</a> (1972–1974)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Schonfeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fabian Schonfeld (page does not exist)">Fabian Schonfeld</a> (1974–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Wurzburger" title="Walter Wurzburger">Walter Wurzburger</a> (1976–1978)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Rosensweig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Rosensweig (page does not exist)">Bernard Rosensweig</a> (1978–1980)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_Roth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sol Roth (page does not exist)">Sol Roth</a> (1980–1982)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_Klaperman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilbert Klaperman (page does not exist)">Gilbert Klaperman</a> (1982–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bernstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Bernstein">Louis Bernstein</a> (1984–1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milton_Polin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milton Polin (page does not exist)">Milton Polin</a> (1986–1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Schreier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Schreier (page does not exist)">Max Schreier</a> (1988–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_D._Angel" title="Marc D. Angel">Marc D. Angel</a> (1990–1992)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moshe_Gorelik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moshe Gorelik (page does not exist)">Moshe Gorelik</a> (1992–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bernstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Bernstein">Louis Bernstein</a> (1994–1995)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafael_G._Grossman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rafael G. Grossman (page does not exist)">Rafael G. Grossman</a> (1995–1997)</li> <li>Jacob Rubenstein (1997–1999)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Hain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth Hain (page does not exist)">Kenneth Hain</a> (1999–2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heshie_Billet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heshie Billet (page does not exist)">Heshie Billet</a> (2001–2003)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Auman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth Auman (page does not exist)">Kenneth Auman</a> (2003–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Polakoff" title="Dale Polakoff">Dale Polakoff</a> (2005–2007)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shlomo_Hochberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shlomo Hochberg (page does not exist)">Shlomo Hochberg</a> (2007–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Kletenik" title="Moshe Kletenik">Moshe Kletenik</a> (2009–2011)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shmuel_Goldin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shmuel Goldin (page does not exist)">Shmuel Goldin</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Matanky" title="Leonard Matanky">Leonard Matanky</a> (2013–2015)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shalom_Baum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shalom Baum (page does not exist)">Shalom Baum</a> (2015–2017)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elazar_Muskin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elazar Muskin (page does not exist)">Elazar Muskin</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Korobkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Korobkin (page does not exist)">Daniel Korobkin</a> (2019–2021)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Binyamin_Blau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binyamin Blau (page does not exist)">Binyamin Blau</a> (2021–2023)</li> <li>Zvi Engel (2023–Present)</li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_of_Israel_Regional">President of Israel Regional</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbinical_Council_of_America&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: President of Israel Regional"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Rabbi Raymond Apple (2015–present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_Vice_Presidents">Executive Vice Presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbinical_Council_of_America&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Executive Vice Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Israel Klavan (1950–1979)</li> <li>Binyamin Walfish (1979–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Dworken" title="Steven Dworken">Steven Dworken</a> (1994–2003)</li> <li>Basil Herring (2003–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Dratch" title="Mark Dratch">Mark Dratch</a> (2012–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Penner" title="Menachem Penner">Menachem Penner</a> (2024–Present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbinical_Council_of_America&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern Orthodox Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbinical_Council_of_America&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forward.com/articles/207342/rabbi-barry-freundel-arrested-suspected-of-peepi/">"Rabbi Barry Freundel Arrested — Suspected of Peeping on Women in Mikvah"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Daily_Forward" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jewish Daily Forward">The Jewish Daily Forward</a></i>. 14 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Daily+Forward&rft.atitle=Rabbi+Barry+Freundel+Arrested+%E2%80%94+Suspected+of+Peeping+on+Women+in+Mikvah&rft.date=2014-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Farticles%2F207342%2Frabbi-barry-freundel-arrested-suspected-of-peepi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishpress.com/news/rabbinical-council-of-america-issues-guidelines-on-sexual-abuse/2013/07/15/">"The Jewish Press » » Rabbinical Council of America Issues Guidelines on Sexual Abuse"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Press" title="The Jewish Press">The Jewish Press</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Press&rft.atitle=The+Jewish+Press+%C2%BB+%C2%BB+Rabbinical+Council+of+America+Issues+Guidelines+on+Sexual+Abuse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishpress.com%2Fnews%2Frabbinical-council-of-america-issues-guidelines-on-sexual-abuse%2F2013%2F07%2F15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jstandard.com/content/item/opposition_slate_challenges_orthodox_rabbinical_council/">"Opposition slate challenges Orthodox Rabbinical Council"</a>. Jstandard.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opposition+slate+challenges+Orthodox+Rabbinical+Council&rft.pub=Jstandard.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjstandard.com%2Fcontent%2Fitem%2Fopposition_slate_challenges_orthodox_rabbinical_council%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevenson2012" class="citation book cs1">Levenson, Alan T. (12 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KgJtcvs7ObAC&q=%22Rabbinical+Council+of+America%22+modern+orthodox&pg=PT440"><i>The Wiley-Blackwell History of Jews and Judaism</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118232934" title="Special:BookSources/9781118232934"><bdi>9781118232934</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wiley-Blackwell+History+of+Jews+and+Judaism&rft.date=2012-03-12&rft.isbn=9781118232934&rft.aulast=Levenson&rft.aufirst=Alan+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKgJtcvs7ObAC%26q%3D%2522Rabbinical%2BCouncil%2Bof%2BAmerica%2522%2Bmodern%2Borthodox%26pg%3DPT440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faithtrustinstitute.org/news/rabbi_dratch_appointment">"RCA Appoints Rabbi Mark Dratch as its New Executive Vice President"</a>. Faithrustinstitute.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RCA+Appoints+Rabbi+Mark+Dratch+as+its+New+Executive+Vice+President&rft.pub=Faithrustinstitute.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faithtrustinstitute.org%2Fnews%2Frabbi_dratch_appointment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rabbis.org/about_us.cfm">"Rabbinical Council of America (RCA) - About Us"</a>. Rabbis.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rabbinical+Council+of+America+%28RCA%29+-+About+Us&rft.pub=Rabbis.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rabbis.org%2Fabout_us.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum_Cohen2008" class="citation news cs1">Nussbaum Cohen, Debra (March 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131204183643/http://www.thejewishweek.com/features/conversion_critique_within">"A Conversion Critique From Within"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Jewish_Week" title="New York Jewish Week">New York Jewish Week</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejewishweek.com/features/conversion_critique_within">the original</a> on December 4, 2013. <q>Rabbi Lookstein was part of the Rabbinical Council of America committee that drafted new guidelines for conversion, which are being called the GPS system, for Geirus [conversion] Policies and Standards.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Jewish+Week&rft.atitle=A+Conversion+Critique+From+Within&rft.date=2008-03-05&rft.aulast=Nussbaum+Cohen&rft.aufirst=Debra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejewishweek.com%2Ffeatures%2Fconversion_critique_within&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pruzansky-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pruzansky_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pruzansky_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pruzansky_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pruzansky_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPruzansky2008" class="citation news cs1">Pruzansky, Steven (March 12, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131205085216/http://www.jewishpress.com/indepth/opinions/the-truth-about-rca-geirus/2008/03/12/">"The Truth About RCA Geirus"</a>. <i>The Jewish Press</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishpress.com/indepth/opinions/the-truth-about-rca-geirus/2008/03/12/">the original</a> on December 5, 2013. <q>And so goes the overheated, misleading, and at times blatantly false reaction by several of my distinguished RCA colleagues to the RCA's recent promulgation of the Geirus Policies and Standards (GPS).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Press&rft.atitle=The+Truth+About+RCA+Geirus&rft.date=2008-03-12&rft.aulast=Pruzansky&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishpress.com%2Findepth%2Fopinions%2Fthe-truth-about-rca-geirus%2F2008%2F03%2F12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lowenfeld-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lowenfeld_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lowenfeld_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLowenfeld2010" class="citation news cs1">Lowenfeld, Jonah (July 13, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131205080742/http://www.jewishjournal.com/community/article/courting_controversy_orthodox_rabbis_address_womens_leadership_conversion_2">"Courting Controversy, Orthodox Rabbis Address Women's Leadership, Conversion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Jewish_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Jewish Journal">Los Angeles Jewish Journal</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishjournal.com/community/article/courting_controversy_orthodox_rabbis_address_womens_leadership_conversion_2">the original</a> on December 5, 2013. <q>The IRF also established a Va'ad Giur (conversion committee), apparently in response to the RCA's Geirus (conversion) Policies and Standards (GPS) system of conversion, which it has promoted since 2007 as the most effective way to ensure uniform standards among Orthodox rabbis.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Jewish+Journal&rft.atitle=Courting+Controversy%2C+Orthodox+Rabbis+Address+Women%27s+Leadership%2C+Conversion&rft.date=2010-07-13&rft.aulast=Lowenfeld&rft.aufirst=Jonah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishjournal.com%2Fcommunity%2Farticle%2Fcourting_controversy_orthodox_rabbis_address_womens_leadership_conversion_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaulson2014" class="citation news cs1">Paulson, Michael (20 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/21/us/rabbinical-council-to-add-a-role-for-women-in-wake-of-voyeurism-scandal.html">"Rabbinical Council To Add A Role For Women In Wake Of Voyeurism Scandal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rabbinical+Council+To+Add+A+Role+For+Women+In+Wake+Of+Voyeurism+Scandal&rft.date=2014-10-20&rft.aulast=Paulson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F10%2F21%2Fus%2Frabbinical-council-to-add-a-role-for-women-in-wake-of-voyeurism-scandal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/22/barry-freundel-conversions_n_6023906.html">"Conversions Performed By Barry Freundel, Rabbi Arrested For Voyeurism, Still Legitimate: Israel Rabbinate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i>. 22 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Conversions+Performed+By+Barry+Freundel%2C+Rabbi+Arrested+For+Voyeurism%2C+Still+Legitimate%3A+Israel+Rabbinate&rft.date=2014-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F10%2F22%2Fbarry-freundel-conversions_n_6023906.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"JTA 'Freundel-related lawsuit adds RCA as defendant' (19 Dec 2014)"<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/freundel-related-lawsuit-adds-rca-as-defendant/">http://www.timesofisrael.com/freundel-related-lawsuit-adds-rca-as-defendant/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carwash-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-carwash_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNathan-Kazis2014" class="citation news cs1">Nathan-Kazis, Josh (December 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forward.com/articles/211529/did-rabbi-barry-freundel-treat-mikveh-like-car-was/">"Did Rabbi Barry Freundel Treat Mikveh Like 'Car Wash' To Peep on Women? Lawsuits Blame RCA and Synagogue Over Scandal"</a>. <i>The Jewish Daily Forward</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Daily+Forward&rft.atitle=Did+Rabbi+Barry+Freundel+Treat+Mikveh+Like+%27Car+Wash%27+To+Peep+on+Women%3F+Lawsuits+Blame+RCA+and+Synagogue+Over+Scandal&rft.date=2014-12-24&rft.aulast=Nathan-Kazis&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Farticles%2F211529%2Fdid-rabbi-barry-freundel-treat-mikveh-like-car-was%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chaikinandsherman.com/freundel-class-action-settlement/">"Rabbi Freundel Class Action Settlement | CSCS"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rabbi+Freundel+Class+Action+Settlement+%26%23124%3B+CSCS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chaikinandsherman.com%2Ffreundel-class-action-settlement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181117022144/https://www.chaikinandsherman.com/documents/FINAL_MikvahSettlement_Long-Form-Notice.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chaikinandsherman.com/documents/FINAL_MikvahSettlement_Long-Form-Notice.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2018-11-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chaikinandsherman.com%2Fdocuments%2FFINAL_MikvahSettlement_Long-Form-Notice.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wapo20140916-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wapo20140916_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wapo20140916_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/09/16/orthodox-rabbis-on-guns/">"Orthodox rabbis on guns"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. 2014-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Orthodox+rabbis+on+guns&rft.date=2014-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fvolokh-conspiracy%2Fwp%2F2014%2F09%2F16%2Forthodox-rabbis-on-guns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grpc20141006-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-grpc20141006_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://golanirpc.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Golani-Response-to-Rabbi-Fischer.pdf">"Reply by the Golani Rifle & Pistol Club to Rabbi Elli Fischer"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Golani Rifle and Gun Club. 2014-10-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reply+by+the+Golani+Rifle+%26+Pistol+Club+to+Rabbi+Elli+Fischer&rft.pub=Golani+Rifle+and+Gun+Club&rft.date=2014-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgolanirpc.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F10%2FGolani-Response-to-Rabbi-Fischer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wapo20141003-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wapo20141003_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/10/03/response-from-rabbi-elli-fischer-drafter-of-the-rabbinical-council-of-america-resolution-on-gun-violence/">"Response from Rabbi Elli Fischer, chairman of the committee that drafted the Rabbinical Council of America resolution on gun violence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. 2014-10-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Response+from+Rabbi+Elli+Fischer%2C+chairman+of+the+committee+that+drafted+the+Rabbinical+Council+of+America+resolution+on+gun+violence&rft.date=2014-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fvolokh-conspiracy%2Fwp%2F2014%2F10%2F03%2Fresponse-from-rabbi-elli-fischer-drafter-of-the-rabbinical-council-of-america-resolution-on-gun-violence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jta.org/2015/11/01/news-opinion/united-states/rabbinical-council-of-america-officially-bans-ordination-and-hiring-of-women-rabbis">"Rabbinical Council of America officially bans ordination and hiring of women rabbis | Jewish Telegraphic Agency"</a>. Jta.org. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%7C+JPost.com&rft.atitle=Breach+in+US+Orthodox+Judaism+grows+as+haredi+body+rejects+%27Open+Orthodoxy%27+institutions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fdiaspora%2Fbreach-in-us-orthodox-judaism-grows-as-haredi-body-rejects-open-orthodoxy-institutions-431929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://matzav.com/yct-president-asher-lopatin-announces-resignation-from-rca-for-rejecting-open-orthodox-rabbis/">"YCT President Asher Lopatin Announces Resignation from RCA for Rejecting Open Orthodox Rabbis | Matzav.com"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=YCT+President+Asher+Lopatin+Announces+Resignation+from+RCA+for+Rejecting+Open+Orthodox+Rabbis+%7C+Matzav.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmatzav.com%2Fyct-president-asher-lopatin-announces-resignation-from-rca-for-rejecting-open-orthodox-rabbis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rabbis.org/pdfs/PastPresidents.pdf">"RABBINICAL COUNCIL OF AMERICA PAST PRESIDENTS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Rabbis.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RABBINICAL+COUNCIL+OF+AMERICA+PAST+PRESIDENTS&rft.pub=Rabbis.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rabbis.org%2Fpdfs%2FPastPresidents.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rabbis.org/about-us/">"About Us – Rabbinical Council of America"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us+%E2%80%93+Rabbinical+Council+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frabbis.org%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARabbinical+Council+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbinical_Council_of_America&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rabbis.org">Rabbinical Council of America (official website)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://traditiononline.org">Tradition Journal (official website)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_United_States732" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jews and Judaism in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major communal organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%27nai_B%27rith" title="B'nai B'rith">B'nai B'rith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Community_Center" title="Jewish Community Center">Jewish Community Centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Federations_of_North_America" title="Jewish Federations of North America">Jewish Federations of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Federation" title="Jewish Federation">Local Jewish Federations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major advocacy organizations<br />(not exclusively Israel-focused)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Committee" title="American Jewish Committee">American Jewish Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Congress" title="American Jewish Congress">American Jewish Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Presidents_of_Major_American_Jewish_Organizations" title="Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations">Conference of Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_D._Brandeis_Center_for_Human_Rights_Under_Law" title="Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law">Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law (LDB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Action_Center_of_Reform_Judaism" title="Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism">Religious Action Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Community_Relations_Council" title="Jewish Community Relations Council">Jewish Community Relations Councils (JCRCs)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Council_for_Public_Affairs" title="Jewish Council for Public Affairs">Jewish Council for Public Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Jewish_environmental_organizations" title="Template:American Jewish environmental organizations">Jewish environmental groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Future_Pledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Future Pledge">Jewish Future Pledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Institute_for_National_Security_of_America" title="Jewish Institute for National Security of America">Jewish Institute for National Security of America (JINSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Women%27s_Archive" title="Jewish Women's Archive">Jewish Women's Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Jewish_Democratic_Council" title="National Jewish Democratic Council">National Jewish Democratic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Jewish_Coalition" title="Republican Jewish Coalition">Republican Jewish Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Special_Envoy_to_Monitor_and_Combat_Antisemitism" title="Office of the Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Antisemitism">Office of the Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Jewish_Liaison" title="White House Jewish Liaison">White House Jewish Liaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labor_Committee" title="Jewish Labor Committee">Jewish Labor Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Democratic_Council_of_America" title="Jewish Democratic Council of America">Jewish Democratic Council of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major humanitarian<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_World_Service" title="American Jewish World Service">American Jewish World Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Joint_Distribution_Committee" title="American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee">Joint Distribution Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIAS" title="HIAS"> Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Israel_Appeal" title="United Israel Appeal">United Israel Appeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major Israel-focused<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ameinu" title="Ameinu">Ameinu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Israel_Public_Affairs_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="American Israel Public Affairs Committee">American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Peace_Now" title="Americans for Peace Now">Americans for Peace Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birthright_Israel" title="Birthright Israel">Birthright Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Women%27s_Zionist_Organization_of_America" title="Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America">Hadassah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli-American_Council" title="Israeli-American Council">Israeli-American Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J_Street" title="J Street">J Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Peace" title="Jewish Voice for Peace">Jewish Voice for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IfNotNow" title="IfNotNow">IfNotNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masa_Israel_Journey" title="Masa Israel Journey">Masa Israel Journey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Media_Research_Institute" title="Middle East Media Research Institute">Middle East Media Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefesh_B%27Nefesh" title="Nefesh B'Nefesh">Nefesh B'Nefesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Israel_Fund" title="New Israel Fund">New Israel Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzofim_Friendship_Caravan" title="Tzofim Friendship Caravan">Tzofim Friendship Caravan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Organization_of_America" title="Zionist Organization of America">Zionist Organization of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major domestic and neighborhood<br /> assistance organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaverim" title="Chaverim">Chaverim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzalah" title="Hatzalah">Hatzalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Community_Network" title="Secure Community Network">Secure Community Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shomrim_(neighborhood_watch_group)" title="Shomrim (neighborhood watch group)">Shomrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomchei_Shabbos" title="Tomchei Shabbos">Tomchei Shabbos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;padding:0.2em 1.0em;">Major religious movement<br />organizations<br /><small>(and associated rabbinical membership<br /> and policy body; seminary)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agudath_Israel_of_America" title="Agudath Israel of America">Agudath Israel of America</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moetzes_Gedolei_HaTorah#United_States" title="Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah">Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah</a>; etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agudas_Chasidei_Chabad" title="Agudas Chasidei Chabad">Agudas Chasidei Chabad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vaad_Rabonei_Lubavitch" title="Vaad Rabonei Lubavitch">Vaad Rabonei Lubavitch</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tomchei_Tmimim#In_North_America" title="Tomchei Tmimim">Tomchei Tmimim-U.S.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_College_of_America" title="Rabbinical College of America">RCA</a>, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Reconstructionist_Federation" title="Jewish Reconstructionist Federation">Jewish Reconstructionist Federation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Rabbinical_Association" title="Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association">Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association</a>; <a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Rabbinical_College" title="Reconstructionist Rabbinical College">RRC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Young_Israel" title="National Council of Young Israel">Young Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Union" title="Orthodox Union">Orthodox Union</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rabbinical Council of America</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Isaac_Elchanan_Theological_Seminary" title="Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary">RIETS-YU</a>, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Humanistic_Judaism" title="Society for Humanistic Judaism">Society for Humanistic Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Synagogue_of_Conservative_Judaism" title="United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism">United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_Assembly" title="Rabbinical Assembly">Rabbinical Assembly</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Theological_Seminary_of_America" title="Jewish Theological Seminary of America">JTSA</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ziegler_School_of_Rabbinic_Studies" title="Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies">AJU-Ziegler</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_Reform_Judaism" title="Union for Reform Judaism">Union for Reform Judaism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Conference_of_American_Rabbis" title="Central Conference of American Rabbis">Central Conference of American Rabbis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Union_College_%E2%80%93_Jewish_Institute_of_Religion" title="Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion">HUC</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List of synagogues<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(by movements)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="List of synagogues in the United States">by US states</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Former synagogues in the United States">Former</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservative_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Conservative synagogues in the United States">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Humanistic_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Humanistic synagogues in the United States">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Orthodox_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Orthodox synagogues in the United States">Orthodox and Modern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Reconstructionist_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Reconstructionist synagogues in the United States">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Reform_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Reform synagogues in the United States">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unaffiliated_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Unaffiliated synagogues in the United States">Unaffiliated</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Youth organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_summer_camp" title="Jewish summer camp">Jewish summer camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBYO" title="BBYO">B'nai B'rith Youth Organization (BBYO)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aleph_Zadik_Aleph" title="Aleph Zadik Aleph">AZA</a> / <a href="/wiki/BBYO" title="BBYO">BBG</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Akiva" title="Bnei Akiva">Bnei Akiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCSY" title="NCSY">NCSY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFTY" title="NFTY">North American Federation of Temple Youth (NFTY)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzivos_Hashem" title="Tzivos Hashem">Tzivos Hashem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Synagogue_Youth" title="United Synagogue Youth">United Synagogue Youth (USY)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kadima_(youth_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadima (youth group)">Kadima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Judaea" title="Young Judaea">Young Judaea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_studies" title="Jewish studies">College Jewish studies programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_school" title="Hebrew school">Hebrew school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_day_school" title="Jewish day school">Jewish day school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jewish_schools_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Jewish schools in the United States">See template for schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schechter_Day_School_Network" title="Schechter Day School Network">Schechter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_Umesorah_%E2%80%93_National_Society_for_Hebrew_Day_Schools" title="Torah Umesorah – National Society for Hebrew Day Schools">Torah Umesorah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mesivta" title="Mesivta">Mesivta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major university groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chabad_on_Campus_International_Foundation" title="Chabad on Campus International Foundation">Chabad on Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillel_International" title="Hillel International">Hillel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masorti_on_Campus" title="Masorti on Campus">Masorti on Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jewish_student_groups_at_secular_universities" title="Orthodox Jewish student groups at secular universities">Orthodox student groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_Jewish_Students" title="World Union of Jewish Students">World Union of Jewish Students (WUJS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_fraternities_and_sororities" title="List of Jewish fraternities and sororities">Fraternities<br />and sororities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Epsilon_Pi" title="Alpha Epsilon Pi">Alpha Epsilon Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Epsilon_Phi" title="Alpha Epsilon Phi">Alpha Epsilon Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Alpha_Epsilon_Pi" title="Sigma Alpha Epsilon Pi">Sigma Alpha Epsilon Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Alpha_Mu" title="Sigma Alpha Mu">Sigma Alpha Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Delta_Tau" title="Sigma Delta Tau">Sigma Delta Tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Delta_Phi" title="Tau Delta Phi">Tau Delta Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Epsilon_Phi" title="Tau Epsilon Phi">Tau Epsilon Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Beta_Tau" title="Zeta Beta Tau">Zeta Beta Tau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News wires</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency" title="Jewish Telegraphic Agency">Jewish Telegraphic Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_News_Syndicate" title="Jewish News Syndicate">Jewish News Syndicate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News outlets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Algemeiner_Journal" title="Algemeiner Journal">Algemeiner Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Jewish_Times" title="Baltimore Jewish Times">Baltimore Jewish Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Jewish_News" title="Charlotte Jewish News">Charlotte Jewish News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Jewish_News" title="Cleveland Jewish News">Cleveland Jewish News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_Blatt" title="Der Blatt">Der Blatt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_Yid" title="Der Yid">Der Yid</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Di_Tzeitung" title="Di Tzeitung">Di Tzeitung</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamodia" title="Hamodia">Hamodia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Advocate" title="The Jewish Advocate"><i>The Jewish Advocate</i> (Bost.)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Forward" title="The Forward">The Forward</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Exponent" title="The Jewish Exponent"><i>The Jewish Exponent</i> (Phila.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Journal_of_Greater_Los_Angeles" title="The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles"><i>The Jewish Journal</i> (L.A.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Ledger" title="Jewish Ledger"><i>The Jewish Ledger</i> (Conn.)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_News_of_Greater_Phoenix" title="Jewish News of Greater Phoenix">Jewish News of Greater Phoenix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Press" title="The Jewish Press">The Jewish Press</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Standard" title="Jewish Standard"><i>Jewish Standard</i> (N.J.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Star_(New_York)" title="The Jewish Star (New York)"><i>The Jewish Star</i> (N.Y.)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Voice">Jewish Voice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._The_Jewish_News_of_Northern_California" title="J. The Jewish News of Northern California"><i>JWeekly</i> (S.F.)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Jewish_Week" title="New York Jewish Week">New York Jewish Week</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Jewish_News" title="New Jersey Jewish News">New Jersey Jewish News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Jewish_Chronicle" title="Pittsburgh Jewish Chronicle">Pittsburgh Jewish Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Jewish_Light" title="St. Louis Jewish Light">St. Louis Jewish Light</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Jewish_Week" title="Washington Jewish Week">Washington Jewish Week</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yated_Ne%27eman_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yated Ne'eman (United States)">Yated Ne'eman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/VIN_News" title="VIN News">VIN News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_World_News" title="Yeshiva World News">Yeshiva World News</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_magazines_published_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Jewish magazines published in the United States">Magazines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ami_Magazine" title="Ami Magazine">Ami</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Binah_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Binah (magazine)">Binah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emunah" title="Emunah">Emunah Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Currents" title="Jewish Currents">Jewish Currents</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Sports_Review" title="Jewish Sports Review">Jewish Sports Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_World_Review" title="Jewish World Review">Jewish World Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kindline" title="Kindline">Kindline</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lilith_(magazine)" title="Lilith (magazine)">Lilith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mishpacha" title="Mishpacha">Mishpacha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moment_(magazine)" title="Moment (magazine)">Moment</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Jewish_Journal" title="San Diego Jewish Journal">San Diego Jewish Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Jewish_World" title="San Diego Jewish World">San Diego Jewish World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SAPIR:_A_Journal_of_Jewish_Conversations" title="SAPIR: A Journal of Jewish Conversations">SAPIR</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)" title="Tablet (magazine)">Tablet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tikkun_(magazine)" title="Tikkun (magazine)">Tikkun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Are_in_America" title="We Are in America">We Are in America</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Broadcasting_Service" title="Jewish Broadcasting Service">Jewish Broadcasting Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Life_Television" title="Jewish Life Television">Jewish Life Television (JLTV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Jewish_Television" title="National Jewish Television">National Jewish Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Channel" title="The Jewish Channel">The Jewish Channel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Websites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AskMoses.com" title="AskMoses.com">AskMoses.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabad.org" title="Chabad.org">Chabad.org</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heeb" title="Heeb">Heeb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewcy" title="Jewcy">Jewcy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher.com" title="Kosher.com">Kosher.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(magazine)" title="Mosaic (magazine)">Mosaic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)" title="Tablet (magazine)">Tablet Magazine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva.co" title="Yeshiva.co">Yeshiva.co</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JDate" title="JDate">JDate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSwipe" title="JSwipe">JSwipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lox_Club" title="Lox Club">Lox Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzo_Ball" title="Matzo Ball">Matzo Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SawYouAtSinai" title="SawYouAtSinai">SawYouAtSinai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major communal activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siyum_HaShas" title="Siyum HaShas">Siyum HaShas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Sunday_(phone-a-thon)" title="Super Sunday (phone-a-thon)">Super Sunday phone-a-thon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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