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class="win x1 Locale_en_US" dir="ltr"><script type="text/javascript" nonce="Uz3lXxbm">requireLazy(["bootstrapWebSession"],function(j){j(1732724584)})</script><div class="_li"><div class="_8xs5 _alu7"><div class="_9rdv _9bie _9bif _9bhn _9kum _9o9f"><!-- begin-react-placeholder --><div class="_aqmz _aqp3" style="color:;"><div class="_aqmc"><a class="_9b0l _9b0e _aqmh" href="#" data-ms-clickable="true" data-ms="{"creative":"link"}" role="button" style=""><img class="_aqmi _aqmj _8h4h img" src="https://scontent-nrt1-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.8562-6/252294889_575082167077436_6034106545912333281_n.svg/meta-logo-primary_standardsize.svg?_nc_cat=1&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=e280be&_nc_ohc=cdcbNs1mam8Q7kNvgG667UK&_nc_zt=14&_nc_ht=scontent-nrt1-2.xx&_nc_gid=AvkxXwTi_Xbyb8uN8G_2RGk&oh=00_AYASUgoZrEv1fBwev8hVaC5fN2GaFz8vzRYRyWlg2knmyw&oe=674D03F9" height="18" width="89" alt="Meta" /></a><div class="_aqmn"><li class="_aqmp"><a class="_9b0l _9b0e _aqmb" href="#" data-ms-clickable="true" 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class="_8zlh"></div><div class="_8zli"></div><div class="_8zli"></div><div class="_8zlj"></div><div class="_8za3" data-ms="{"creative":"section","creative_detail":"section","create_type":"section","create_type_detail":"section"}"><div class="_8zng"><div class="_8znh"><div class="_8zmy"><div class="_8x6u"><h4 class="_8w6a _8w6e _8w60 _8xok _8x78">Research</h4></div><div class="_8zmz"><h1 class="_8w6a _8w6b _8w61">Meta’s new AI-powered speech translation system for Hokkien pioneers a new approach for an unwritten language </h1></div><p class="_8w6f _8wl0 _8w6h">October 19, 2022</p></div><div class="_8zmv _8zmw"><a role="button" class="_8x6s _8x6w _8x6x _8x76 _8x70 _8w61" href="http://www.ai.meta.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fai.meta.com%2Fblog%2Fai-translation-hokkien%2F" target="_blank" data-ms="{"creative":"button","creative_detail":"button","create_type":"button","create_type_detail":"button"}" data-lnfb-mode="ie"><div class="_8x6z"><svg fill="none" height="29" width="29" 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data-ms="{"creative":"button","creative_detail":"button","create_type":"button","create_type_detail":"button"}" target="_blank" data-lnfb-mode="ie"><div class="_8x6z"><svg fill="none" height="29" width="29" viewBox="0 0 29 29" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="_8x6_" d="M9 13.75C8.58579 13.75 8.25 14.0858 8.25 14.5C8.25 14.9142 8.58579 15.25 9 15.25V13.75ZM20.5303 15.0303C20.8232 14.7374 20.8232 14.2626 20.5303 13.9697L15.7574 9.1967C15.4645 8.90381 14.9896 8.90381 14.6967 9.1967C14.4038 9.48959 14.4038 9.96447 14.6967 10.2574L18.9393 14.5L14.6967 18.7426C14.4038 19.0355 14.4038 19.5104 14.6967 19.8033C14.9896 20.0962 15.4645 20.0962 15.7574 19.8033L20.5303 15.0303ZM9 15.25H20V13.75H9V15.25Z" fill="#344854"></path><circle cx="14.5" cy="14.5" r="14" stroke="#CCD1D4"></circle></svg></div><div class="_8x6- _8x32"> Share on Twitter </div></a></div><div class="_8zn9 _99tb"><div class="_8zna"><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"> Until now, AI translation has mainly focused on written languages. Yet nearly half of the world’s 7,000+ living languages are primarily oral and do not have a standard or widely used writing system. This makes it impossible to build machine translation tools using standard techniques, which require large amounts of written text in order to train an AI model. To address this challenge, we've built the first <a href="https://tech.fb.com/ideas/2022/10/ai-translation-unwritten-language/" target="_blank" data-lnfb-mode="ie">AI-powered translation system for a primarily oral language</a>, Hokkien. Hokkien is widely spoken within the Chinese diaspora but lacks a standard written form. Our technology allows Hokkien speakers to hold conversations with English speakers. </p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"> The open sourced translation system is part of Meta’s <a href="https://ai.facebook.com/blog/teaching-ai-to-translate-100s-of-spoken-and-written-languages-in-real-time/" target="_blank">Universal Speech Translator</a> (UST) project, which is developing new AI methods that we hope will eventually allow real-time speech-to-speech translation across all extant languages, even primarily spoken ones. We believe spoken communication can help break down barriers and bring people together wherever they are located — even in the <a href="https://about.facebook.com/what-is-the-metaverse/" target="_blank">metaverse</a>. </p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"> To develop this new speech-only translation system, Meta’s AI researchers had to overcome many challenges from traditional machine translation systems, including data gathering, model design, and evaluation. We have much work ahead to extend UST to more languages. But the ability to speak effortlessly to people in any language is a long-sought dream, and we’re pleased to be one step closer to achieving it. We’re open-sourcing not just our Hokkien translation models but also the evaluation datasets and research papers, so that others can reproduce and build on our work. </p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"><div class="_8zkc" id="u_0_5_GG"><div class="_1c_u _8zkd" id="u_0_6_jJ"><div class="_53j5 _37u6 _9kkd" style="padding-bottom:56.25%;" tabindex="0" id="u_0_7_ij"><video muted="1" height="360" width="640" preload="metadata" style="" class="_ox1 _21y0" data-video-width="640" data-video-height="360" id="u_0_8_6n"></video><div class="_4ubd _170l _27db _3htz" id="u_0_9_Lo"></div><div class="_m54 _1jto _3htz" id="u_0_a_YN"><img class="_1445 _2sy9 img" src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/y4/r/-PAXP-deijE.gif" alt="" style="background-image: url('https\3a //scontent-nrt1-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t15.5256-10/311380342_416039000700954_6567838737491811873_n.jpg?stp\3d dst-jpg_s640x640\26 _nc_cat\3d 101\26 ccb\3d 1-7\26 _nc_sid\3d 442ec5\26 _nc_ohc\3d _0QoFq0Z9VsQ7kNvgHU_q4b\26 _nc_zt\3d 23\26 _nc_ht\3d scontent-nrt1-2.xx\26 _nc_gid\3d AvkxXwTi_Xbyb8uN8G_2RGk\26 oh\3d 00_AYCMJjaiJ9LGLcxn7L9hrQyNEi65reRBROUZfg08TTg5lw\26 oe\3d 674D0307');" id="u_0_b_Ls" /></div><div class="_18xu _9omd _3htz"><div class="_5l7x _360f _167h hidden_elem" id="u_0_1_/Y"></div><input aria-label="Play Video" class="_530-" type="button" id="u_0_0_Ix" /></div><div class="_4ctp _1jto _3htz"><div class="_4ctq"><div class="_4ctr" id="u_0_c_YF">Something went wrong</div><div id="u_0_d_N+">We're having trouble with playing this video.To watch the video, please upgrade your web browser.</div><div class="_5hdy"><a class="_4cts" href="/unsupportedbrowser" id="u_0_e_2T">Learn more</a></div></div></div></div><div class="_2i84"><div id="u_0_f_ea"></div></div></div></div></p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"><h2 class="_8w6a _8w6c _8w61">Overcoming training data challenges</h2></p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"> Collecting sufficient data was a significant obstacle we faced when setting out to build a Hokkien translation system. Hokkien is what’s known as a low-resource language, which means there isn’t an ample supply of training data readily available for the language, compared with, say, Spanish or English. In addition, there are relatively few human English-to-Hokkien translators, making it difficult to collect and annotate data to train the model. </p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"> We leveraged Mandarin as an intermediate language to build pseudolabel as well as human translations, where we first translated English (or Hokkien) speech to Mandarin text, and we then translated to Hokkien (or English) and added it to training data. This method greatly improved the model performance by leveraging data from a similar high-resource language. </p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"> Speech mining is another approach to training data generation. With a pretrained <a href="https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2021/hash/8466f9ace6a9acbe71f75762ffc890f1-Abstract.html" target="_blank" data-lnfb-mode="ie">speech encoder</a>, we were able to encode Hokkien speech embeddings into the same semantic space as other languages without requiring Hokkien to have a written form. Hokkien speech can be aligned with English speech and texts whose semantic embeddings are similar. We then synthesized English speech from texts, yielding parallel Hokkien and English speech. </p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"><img class="_8zlc _7f2d img" src="https://scontent-nrt1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.2365-6/311154545_1374345473370803_8507488893608759630_n.png?_nc_cat=109&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=e280be&_nc_ohc=uX48yEUbHkMQ7kNvgHsXr0n&_nc_zt=14&_nc_ht=scontent-nrt1-1.xx&_nc_gid=AvkxXwTi_Xbyb8uN8G_2RGk&oh=00_AYCrwUqdPq-Rpp-TGcv0d9nI-SXLadgrnjf763qGSKowVg&oe=67619EFB" alt="" /></p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"><h2 class="_8w6a _8w6c _8w61">A new modeling approach</h2></p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"> Many speech translation systems rely on transcriptions or are speech-to-text systems. However, since primarily oral languages do not have standard written forms, producing transcribed text as the translation output doesn’t work. Thus, we focused on speech-to-speech translation. </p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"> We used speech-to-unit translation (S2UT) to translate input speech to a sequence of acoustic units directly in the path <a href="https://ai.facebook.com/blog/advancing-direct-speech-to-speech-modeling-with-discrete-units/" target="_blank">previously pioneered by Meta</a>. Then, we generated waveforms from the units. In addition, UnitY was adopted for a two-pass decoding mechanism, where the first-pass decoder generates text in a related language (Mandarin) and the second-pass decoder creates units. </p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"><img class="_8zlc _7f2d img" src="https://scontent-nrt1-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.2365-6/311137022_418025180496867_2952707825292098738_n.png?_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=e280be&_nc_ohc=44UvbPt102wQ7kNvgGpVyiC&_nc_zt=14&_nc_ht=scontent-nrt1-2.xx&_nc_gid=AvkxXwTi_Xbyb8uN8G_2RGk&oh=00_AYAqqVwsx7jqAE_hPwQGg_9stK2j73INZfN-i02PGKn0yQ&oe=67616EFF" alt="" /></p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"><h2 class="_8w6a _8w6c _8w61">Evaluating accuracy</h2></p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"> Speech translation systems are usually evaluated using a metric called ASR-BLEU, which involves first transcribing the translated speech into text using automatic speech recognition (ASR), and then computing BLEU scores (a standard machine translation metric) by comparing the transcribed text with a human-translated text. However, one of the challenges of evaluating speech translations for an oral language such as Hokkien is that there is no standard writing system. In order to enable automatic evaluation, we developed a system that transcribes Hokkien speech into a standardized phonetic notation called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2i-u%C3%A2n_L%C3%B4-m%C3%A1-j%C4%AB_Phing-im_Hong-%C3%A0n" target="_blank" data-lnfb-mode="ie">Tâi-lô</a>. This technique enabled us to compute a BLEU score at the syllable level and easily compare the translation quality of different approaches. </p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"> In addition to developing a method for evaluating Hokkien-English speech translations, we also created the first Hokkien-English bidirectional speech-to-speech translation benchmark dataset based on a Hokkien speech corpus called <a href="https://sites.google.com/speech.ntut.edu.tw/fsw/home/tat-corpus" target="_blank" data-lnfb-mode="ie">Taiwanese Across Taiwan</a>. This benchmark dataset will be open-sourced to encourage other researchers to work on Hokkien speech translation and together make further progress in the field. </p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"><h2 class="_8w6a _8w6c _8w61">Looking to the future of translation</h2></p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"> In its current phase, our approach allows someone who speaks Hokkien to converse with someone who speaks English. While the model is still a work in progress and can translate only one full sentence at a time, it’s a step toward a future where simultaneous translation between languages is possible. </p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"><img class="_8zlc _7f2d img" src="https://scontent-nrt1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.2365-6/311320181_652710286290859_5835814841038451013_n.png?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=e280be&_nc_ohc=Ar-fVmCYscMQ7kNvgEDH1JQ&_nc_zt=14&_nc_ht=scontent-nrt1-1.xx&_nc_gid=AvkxXwTi_Xbyb8uN8G_2RGk&oh=00_AYBp3738wjsWM3SgyzRYq5u4OTCBVgr6Y1FNPHw2cbDPcg&oe=6761A3FA" alt="" /></p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"> The techniques we pioneered with Hokkien can be extended to many other written and unwritten languages. To that end, we are releasing SpeechMatrix, a large corpus of speech-to-speech translations mined with Meta’s innovative <a href="https://ai.facebook.com/blog/laser-multilingual-sentence-embeddings/" target="_blank">data mining technique, called LASER</a>, which will enable researchers to create their own speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) systems and build on our work. </p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"><img class="_8zlc _7f2d img" src="https://scontent-nrt1-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.2365-6/311245850_641862650651101_6335386055924444792_n.png?_nc_cat=110&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=e280be&_nc_ohc=WqAjvd5VYmAQ7kNvgFRak94&_nc_zt=14&_nc_ht=scontent-nrt1-2.xx&_nc_gid=AvkxXwTi_Xbyb8uN8G_2RGk&oh=00_AYDVKFjSNOyuB0j6ygg131O-oi4x7JEln548Q6BqQe9dNQ&oe=676174D3" alt="" /></p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"> Meta’s recent advances in unsupervised speech recognition (<a href="https://ai.facebook.com/blog/wav2vec-unsupervised-speech-recognition-without-supervision/" target="_blank">wav2vec-U</a>) and <a href="https://engineering.fb.com/2018/08/31/ai-research/unsupervised-machine-translation-a-novel-approach-to-provide-fast-accurate-translations-for-more-languages/" target="_blank" data-lnfb-mode="ie">unsupervised machine translation</a> (<a href="https://aclanthology.org/2020.tacl-1.47/" target="_blank" data-lnfb-mode="ie">mBART</a>) will inform future work in translating more spoken languages. Our progress in unsupervised learning demonstrates the feasibility of building high-quality speech-to-speech translation models without any human annotations. The system significantly lowers the requirements for expanding the coverage of low-resource languages, as many of them do not have labeled data at all. </p><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"> AI research is helping break down language barriers in both the real world and the metaverse, with the goal of encouraging connection and mutual understanding. We’re excited to expand our research and bring this technology to more people in the future. </p><div class="_8zlh"></div><div class="_8zlh"></div><a role="button" class="_8x6s _8x6w _8x6y _8x76 _8x70 _8wl1" href="https://research.facebook.com/publications/hokkien-direct-speech-to-speech-translation" data-ms="{"creative":"button","creative_detail":"button","create_type":"button","create_type_detail":"button"}" target="_blank"><div class="_8x6z"><svg fill="none" height="29" width="29" viewBox="0 0 29 29" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="_8x6_" d="M9 13.75C8.58579 13.75 8.25 14.0858 8.25 14.5C8.25 14.9142 8.58579 15.25 9 15.25V13.75ZM20.5303 15.0303C20.8232 14.7374 20.8232 14.2626 20.5303 13.9697L15.7574 9.1967C15.4645 8.90381 14.9896 8.90381 14.6967 9.1967C14.4038 9.48959 14.4038 9.96447 14.6967 10.2574L18.9393 14.5L14.6967 18.7426C14.4038 19.0355 14.4038 19.5104 14.6967 19.8033C14.9896 20.0962 15.4645 20.0962 15.7574 19.8033L20.5303 15.0303ZM9 15.25H20V13.75H9V15.25Z" fill="#000000"></path><circle cx="14.5" cy="14.5" r="14" stroke="#CCD1D4"></circle></svg></div><div class="_8x6- _8x39">Hokkien direct speech-to-speech translation</div></a><div class="_8zli"></div><a role="button" class="_8x6s _8x6w _8x6y _8x76 _8x70 _8wl1" href="https://research.facebook.com/publications/speechmatrix" data-ms="{"creative":"button","creative_detail":"button","create_type":"button","create_type_detail":"button"}" target="_blank"><div class="_8x6z"><svg fill="none" height="29" width="29" viewBox="0 0 29 29" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="_8x6_" d="M9 13.75C8.58579 13.75 8.25 14.0858 8.25 14.5C8.25 14.9142 8.58579 15.25 9 15.25V13.75ZM20.5303 15.0303C20.8232 14.7374 20.8232 14.2626 20.5303 13.9697L15.7574 9.1967C15.4645 8.90381 14.9896 8.90381 14.6967 9.1967C14.4038 9.48959 14.4038 9.96447 14.6967 10.2574L18.9393 14.5L14.6967 18.7426C14.4038 19.0355 14.4038 19.5104 14.6967 19.8033C14.9896 20.0962 15.4645 20.0962 15.7574 19.8033L20.5303 15.0303ZM9 15.25H20V13.75H9V15.25Z" fill="#000000"></path><circle cx="14.5" cy="14.5" r="14" stroke="#CCD1D4"></circle></svg></div><div class="_8x6- _8x39">SpeechMatrix</div></a><a role="button" class="_8x6s _8x6w _8x6y _8x76 _8x70 _8wl1" href="https://research.facebook.com/publications/unsupervised-direct-speech-to-speech-translation" data-ms="{"creative":"button","creative_detail":"button","create_type":"button","create_type_detail":"button"}" target="_blank"><div class="_8x6z"><svg fill="none" height="29" width="29" viewBox="0 0 29 29" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="_8x6_" d="M9 13.75C8.58579 13.75 8.25 14.0858 8.25 14.5C8.25 14.9142 8.58579 15.25 9 15.25V13.75ZM20.5303 15.0303C20.8232 14.7374 20.8232 14.2626 20.5303 13.9697L15.7574 9.1967C15.4645 8.90381 14.9896 8.90381 14.6967 9.1967C14.4038 9.48959 14.4038 9.96447 14.6967 10.2574L18.9393 14.5L14.6967 18.7426C14.4038 19.0355 14.4038 19.5104 14.6967 19.8033C14.9896 20.0962 15.4645 20.0962 15.7574 19.8033L20.5303 15.0303ZM9 15.25H20V13.75H9V15.25Z" fill="#000000"></path><circle cx="14.5" cy="14.5" r="14" stroke="#CCD1D4"></circle></svg></div><div class="_8x6- _8x39"> Unsupervised direct speech-to-speech translation</div></a><a role="button" class="_8x6s _8x6w _8x6y _8x76 _8x70 _8wl1" href="https://research.facebook.com/publications/unity-direct-speech-to-speech-translation" data-ms="{"creative":"button","creative_detail":"button","create_type":"button","create_type_detail":"button"}" target="_blank"><div class="_8x6z"><svg fill="none" height="29" width="29" viewBox="0 0 29 29" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="_8x6_" d="M9 13.75C8.58579 13.75 8.25 14.0858 8.25 14.5C8.25 14.9142 8.58579 15.25 9 15.25V13.75ZM20.5303 15.0303C20.8232 14.7374 20.8232 14.2626 20.5303 13.9697L15.7574 9.1967C15.4645 8.90381 14.9896 8.90381 14.6967 9.1967C14.4038 9.48959 14.4038 9.96447 14.6967 10.2574L18.9393 14.5L14.6967 18.7426C14.4038 19.0355 14.4038 19.5104 14.6967 19.8033C14.9896 20.0962 15.4645 20.0962 15.7574 19.8033L20.5303 15.0303ZM9 15.25H20V13.75H9V15.25Z" fill="#000000"></path><circle cx="14.5" cy="14.5" r="14" stroke="#CCD1D4"></circle></svg></div><div class="_8x6- _8x39">UnitY direct speech-to-speech translation</div></a><p class="_8w6f _8w61 _8w6h"><i> This work is being undertaken by a multidisciplinary team that includes Al Youngblood, Amanda Kallet, Ana Paula Kirschner Mofarrej, Andy Chung, Angela Fan, Ann Lee, Benjamin Peloquin, Benoît Sagot, Brian Bui, Brian O’Horo, Carleigh Wood, Changhan Wang, Chloe Meyere, Chris Summers, Christopher Johnson, David Wu, Diana Otero, Eric Kaplan, Ethan Ye, Gopika Jhala, Gustavo Gandia Rivera, Hirofumi Inaguma, Holger Schwenk, Hongyu Gong, Ilia Kulikov, Iska Saric, Janice Lam, Jeff Wang, Jingfei Du, Juan Pino, Julia Vargas, Justine Kao, Karla Caraballo-Torres, Kevin Tran, Koklioong Loa, Lachlan Mackenzie, Michael Auli, Michael Friedrichs, Natalie Hereth, Ning Dong, Oliver Libaw, Orialis Valentin, Paden Tomasello, Paul-Ambroise Duquenne, Peng-Jen Chen, Pengwei Li, Robert Lee, Safiyyah Saleem, Sascha Brodsky, Semarley Jarrett, Sravya Popuri, TJ Krusinski, Vedanuj Goswami, Wei-Ning Hsu, Xutai Ma, Yilin Yang, and Yun Tang. </i></p></div></div></div><div class="_8zni"><div class="_8zmv _8zmr"><a role="button" class="_8x6s _8x6w _8x6x _8x76 _8x70 _8w61" href="http://www.ai.meta.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fai.meta.com%2Fblog%2Fai-translation-hokkien%2F" target="_blank" data-ms="{"creative":"button","creative_detail":"button","create_type":"button","create_type_detail":"button"}" data-lnfb-mode="ie" id="u_0_g_Gr"><div class="_8x6z"><svg fill="none" height="29" width="29" viewBox="0 0 29 29" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="_8x6_" d="M9 13.75C8.58579 13.75 8.25 14.0858 8.25 14.5C8.25 14.9142 8.58579 15.25 9 15.25V13.75ZM20.5303 15.0303C20.8232 14.7374 20.8232 14.2626 20.5303 13.9697L15.7574 9.1967C15.4645 8.90381 14.9896 8.90381 14.6967 9.1967C14.4038 9.48959 14.4038 9.96447 14.6967 10.2574L18.9393 14.5L14.6967 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href="/about" data-ms="{"creative":"link","creative_detail":"link","create_type":"link","create_type_detail":"link"}"><span class="_8x6t _8x94 _8w61 _8w6h">Our approach</span></a><a class="_8xc5 _8y8i _8x97 _8w61 _7faa" href="/about" data-ms="{"creative":"link","creative_detail":"link","create_type":"link","create_type_detail":"link"}"><span class="_8x6t _8x94 _8w61 _8w6h">About AI at Meta</span></a><a class="_8xc5 _8y8i _8x97 _8w61 _7faa" href="/responsible-ai" data-ms="{"creative":"link","creative_detail":"link","create_type":"link","create_type_detail":"link"}"><span class="_8x6t _8x94 _8w61 _8w6h">Responsibility</span></a><a class="_8xc5 _8y8i _8x97 _8w61 _7faa" href="/results/?content_types%5B0%5D=person&sort_by=random" data-ms="{"creative":"link","creative_detail":"link","create_type":"link","create_type_detail":"link"}"><span class="_8x6t _8x94 _8w61 _8w6h">People</span></a><a class="_8xc5 _8y8i _8x97 _8w61 _7faa" 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