CINXE.COM

<!doctype html >    <html lang="en-US">  <head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><script>if(navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE|Internet Explorer/i)||navigator.userAgent.match(/Trident\/7\..*?rv:11/i)){var href=document.location.href;if(!href.match(/[?&]nowprocket/)){if(href.indexOf("?")==-1){if(href.indexOf("#")==-1){document.location.href=href+"?nowprocket=1"}else{document.location.href=href.replace("#","?nowprocket=1#")}}else{if(href.indexOf("#")==-1){document.location.href=href+"&nowprocket=1"}else{document.location.href=href.replace("#","&nowprocket=1#")}}}}</script><script>(()=>{class RocketLazyLoadScripts{constructor(){this.v="1.2.6",this.triggerEvents=["keydown","mousedown","mousemove","touchmove","touchstart","touchend","wheel"],this.userEventHandler=this.t.bind(this),this.touchStartHandler=this.i.bind(this),this.touchMoveHandler=this.o.bind(this),this.touchEndHandler=this.h.bind(this),this.clickHandler=this.u.bind(this),this.interceptedClicks=[],this.interceptedClickListeners=[],this.l(this),window.addEventListener("pageshow",(t=>{this.persisted=t.persisted,this.everythingLoaded&&this.m()})),this.CSPIssue=sessionStorage.getItem("rocketCSPIssue"),document.addEventListener("securitypolicyviolation",(t=>{this.CSPIssue||"script-src-elem"!==t.violatedDirective||"data"!==t.blockedURI||(this.CSPIssue=!0,sessionStorage.setItem("rocketCSPIssue",!0))})),document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",(()=>{this.k()})),this.delayedScripts={normal:[],async:[],defer:[]},this.trash=[],this.allJQueries=[]}p(t){document.hidden?t.t():(this.triggerEvents.forEach((e=>window.addEventListener(e,t.userEventHandler,{passive:!0}))),window.addEventListener("touchstart",t.touchStartHandler,{passive:!0}),window.addEventListener("mousedown",t.touchStartHandler),document.addEventListener("visibilitychange",t.userEventHandler))}_(){this.triggerEvents.forEach((t=>window.removeEventListener(t,this.userEventHandler,{passive:!0}))),document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange",this.userEventHandler)}i(t){"HTML"!==t.target.tagName&&(window.addEventListener("touchend",this.touchEndHandler),window.addEventListener("mouseup",this.touchEndHandler),window.addEventListener("touchmove",this.touchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.addEventListener("mousemove",this.touchMoveHandler),t.target.addEventListener("click",this.clickHandler),this.L(t.target,!0),this.S(t.target,"onclick","rocket-onclick"),this.C())}o(t){window.removeEventListener("touchend",this.touchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("mouseup",this.touchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("touchmove",this.touchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousemove",this.touchMoveHandler),t.target.removeEventListener("click",this.clickHandler),this.L(t.target,!1),this.S(t.target,"rocket-onclick","onclick"),this.M()}h(){window.removeEventListener("touchend",this.touchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("mouseup",this.touchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("touchmove",this.touchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousemove",this.touchMoveHandler)}u(t){t.target.removeEventListener("click",this.clickHandler),this.L(t.target,!1),this.S(t.target,"rocket-onclick","onclick"),this.interceptedClicks.push(t),t.preventDefault(),t.stopPropagation(),t.stopImmediatePropagation(),this.M()}O(){window.removeEventListener("touchstart",this.touchStartHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousedown",this.touchStartHandler),this.interceptedClicks.forEach((t=>{t.target.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent("click",{view:t.view,bubbles:!0,cancelable:!0}))}))}l(t){EventTarget.prototype.addEventListenerWPRocketBase=EventTarget.prototype.addEventListener,EventTarget.prototype.addEventListener=function(e,i,o){"click"!==e||t.windowLoaded||i===t.clickHandler||t.interceptedClickListeners.push({target:this,func:i,options:o}),(this||window).addEventListenerWPRocketBase(e,i,o)}}L(t,e){this.interceptedClickListeners.forEach((i=>{i.target===t&&(e?t.removeEventListener("click",i.func,i.options):t.addEventListener("click",i.func,i.options))})),t.parentNode!==document.documentElement&&this.L(t.parentNode,e)}D(){return new Promise((t=>{this.P?this.M=t:t()}))}C(){this.P=!0}M(){this.P=!1}S(t,e,i){t.hasAttribute&&t.hasAttribute(e)&&(event.target.setAttribute(i,event.target.getAttribute(e)),event.target.removeAttribute(e))}t(){this._(this),"loading"===document.readyState?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",this.R.bind(this)):this.R()}k(){let t=[];document.querySelectorAll("script[type=rocketlazyloadscript][data-rocket-src]").forEach((e=>{let i=e.getAttribute("data-rocket-src");if(i&&!i.startsWith("data:")){0===i.indexOf("//")&&(i=location.protocol+i);try{const o=new URL(i).origin;o!==location.origin&&t.push({src:o,crossOrigin:e.crossOrigin||"module"===e.getAttribute("data-rocket-type")})}catch(t){}}})),t=[...new Map(t.map((t=>[JSON.stringify(t),t]))).values()],this.T(t,"preconnect")}async R(){this.lastBreath=Date.now(),this.j(this),this.F(this),this.I(),this.W(),this.q(),await this.A(this.delayedScripts.normal),await this.A(this.delayedScripts.defer),await this.A(this.delayedScripts.async);try{await this.U(),await this.H(this),await this.J()}catch(t){console.error(t)}window.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-allScriptsLoaded")),this.everythingLoaded=!0,this.D().then((()=>{this.O()})),this.N()}W(){document.querySelectorAll("script[type=rocketlazyloadscript]").forEach((t=>{t.hasAttribute("data-rocket-src")?t.hasAttribute("async")&&!1!==t.async?this.delayedScripts.async.push(t):t.hasAttribute("defer")&&!1!==t.defer||"module"===t.getAttribute("data-rocket-type")?this.delayedScripts.defer.push(t):this.delayedScripts.normal.push(t):this.delayedScripts.normal.push(t)}))}async B(t){if(await this.G(),!0!==t.noModule||!("noModule"in HTMLScriptElement.prototype))return new Promise((e=>{let i;function o(){(i||t).setAttribute("data-rocket-status","executed"),e()}try{if(navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Firefox/")>0||""===navigator.vendor||this.CSPIssue)i=document.createElement("script"),[...t.attributes].forEach((t=>{let e=t.nodeName;"type"!==e&&("data-rocket-type"===e&&(e="type"),"data-rocket-src"===e&&(e="src"),i.setAttribute(e,t.nodeValue))})),t.text&&(i.text=t.text),i.hasAttribute("src")?(i.addEventListener("load",o),i.addEventListener("error",(function(){i.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","failed-network"),e()})),setTimeout((()=>{i.isConnected||e()}),1)):(i.text=t.text,o()),t.parentNode.replaceChild(i,t);else{const i=t.getAttribute("data-rocket-type"),s=t.getAttribute("data-rocket-src");i?(t.type=i,t.removeAttribute("data-rocket-type")):t.removeAttribute("type"),t.addEventListener("load",o),t.addEventListener("error",(i=>{this.CSPIssue&&i.target.src.startsWith("data:")?(console.log("WPRocket: data-uri blocked by CSP -> fallback"),t.removeAttribute("src"),this.B(t).then(e)):(t.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","failed-network"),e())})),s?(t.removeAttribute("data-rocket-src"),t.src=s):t.src="data:text/javascript;base64,"+window.btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(t.text)))}}catch(i){t.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","failed-transform"),e()}}));t.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","skipped")}async A(t){const e=t.shift();return e&&e.isConnected?(await this.B(e),this.A(t)):Promise.resolve()}q(){this.T([...this.delayedScripts.normal,...this.delayedScripts.defer,...this.delayedScripts.async],"preload")}T(t,e){var i=document.createDocumentFragment();t.forEach((t=>{const o=t.getAttribute&&t.getAttribute("data-rocket-src")||t.src;if(o&&!o.startsWith("data:")){const s=document.createElement("link");s.href=o,s.rel=e,"preconnect"!==e&&(s.as="script"),t.getAttribute&&"module"===t.getAttribute("data-rocket-type")&&(s.crossOrigin=!0),t.crossOrigin&&(s.crossOrigin=t.crossOrigin),t.integrity&&(s.integrity=t.integrity),i.appendChild(s),this.trash.push(s)}})),document.head.appendChild(i)}j(t){let e={};function i(i,o){return e[o].eventsToRewrite.indexOf(i)>=0&&!t.everythingLoaded?"rocket-"+i:i}function o(t,o){!function(t){e[t]||(e[t]={originalFunctions:{add:t.addEventListener,remove:t.removeEventListener},eventsToRewrite:[]},t.addEventListener=function(){arguments[0]=i(arguments[0],t),e[t].originalFunctions.add.apply(t,arguments)},t.removeEventListener=function(){arguments[0]=i(arguments[0],t),e[t].originalFunctions.remove.apply(t,arguments)})}(t),e[t].eventsToRewrite.push(o)}function s(e,i){let o=e[i];e[i]=null,Object.defineProperty(e,i,{get:()=>o||function(){},set(s){t.everythingLoaded?o=s:e["rocket"+i]=o=s}})}o(document,"DOMContentLoaded"),o(window,"DOMContentLoaded"),o(window,"load"),o(window,"pageshow"),o(document,"readystatechange"),s(document,"onreadystatechange"),s(window,"onload"),s(window,"onpageshow");try{Object.defineProperty(document,"readyState",{get:()=>t.rocketReadyState,set(e){t.rocketReadyState=e},configurable:!0}),document.readyState="loading"}catch(t){console.log("WPRocket DJE readyState conflict, bypassing")}}F(t){let e;function i(e){return t.everythingLoaded?e:e.split(" ").map((t=>"load"===t||0===t.indexOf("load.")?"rocket-jquery-load":t)).join(" ")}function o(o){function s(t){const e=o.fn[t];o.fn[t]=o.fn.init.prototype[t]=function(){return this[0]===window&&("string"==typeof arguments[0]||arguments[0]instanceof String?arguments[0]=i(arguments[0]):"object"==typeof arguments[0]&&Object.keys(arguments[0]).forEach((t=>{const e=arguments[0][t];delete arguments[0][t],arguments[0][i(t)]=e}))),e.apply(this,arguments),this}}o&&o.fn&&!t.allJQueries.includes(o)&&(o.fn.ready=o.fn.init.prototype.ready=function(e){return t.domReadyFired?e.bind(document)(o):document.addEventListener("rocket-DOMContentLoaded",(()=>e.bind(document)(o))),o([])},s("on"),s("one"),t.allJQueries.push(o)),e=o}o(window.jQuery),Object.defineProperty(window,"jQuery",{get:()=>e,set(t){o(t)}})}async H(t){const e=document.querySelector("script[data-webpack]");e&&(await async function(){return new Promise((t=>{e.addEventListener("load",t),e.addEventListener("error",t)}))}(),await t.K(),await t.H(t))}async U(){this.domReadyFired=!0;try{document.readyState="interactive"}catch(t){}await this.G(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-readystatechange")),await this.G(),document.rocketonreadystatechange&&document.rocketonreadystatechange(),await this.G(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-DOMContentLoaded")),await this.G(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-DOMContentLoaded"))}async J(){try{document.readyState="complete"}catch(t){}await this.G(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-readystatechange")),await this.G(),document.rocketonreadystatechange&&document.rocketonreadystatechange(),await this.G(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-load")),await this.G(),window.rocketonload&&window.rocketonload(),await this.G(),this.allJQueries.forEach((t=>t(window).trigger("rocket-jquery-load"))),await this.G();const t=new Event("rocket-pageshow");t.persisted=this.persisted,window.dispatchEvent(t),await this.G(),window.rocketonpageshow&&window.rocketonpageshow({persisted:this.persisted}),this.windowLoaded=!0}m(){document.onreadystatechange&&document.onreadystatechange(),window.onload&&window.onload(),window.onpageshow&&window.onpageshow({persisted:this.persisted})}I(){const t=new Map;document.write=document.writeln=function(e){const i=document.currentScript;i||console.error("WPRocket unable to document.write this: "+e);const o=document.createRange(),s=i.parentElement;let n=t.get(i);void 0===n&&(n=i.nextSibling,t.set(i,n));const c=document.createDocumentFragment();o.setStart(c,0),c.appendChild(o.createContextualFragment(e)),s.insertBefore(c,n)}}async G(){Date.now()-this.lastBreath>45&&(await this.K(),this.lastBreath=Date.now())}async K(){return document.hidden?new Promise((t=>setTimeout(t))):new Promise((t=>requestAnimationFrame(t)))}N(){this.trash.forEach((t=>t.remove()))}static run(){const t=new RocketLazyLoadScripts;t.p(t)}}RocketLazyLoadScripts.run()})();</script> <title>Did A Romanian Researcher Successfully Game Google Scholar to Raise his Citation Count? - Scholarly Open Access 2024</title><link rel="preload" data-rocket-preload as="style" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open%20Sans%20Condensed%3A400%2C700%7COpen%20Sans%3A400%2C600%2C700%7CRoboto%20Condensed%3A400%2C500%2C700&display=swap" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open%20Sans%20Condensed%3A400%2C700%7COpen%20Sans%3A400%2C600%2C700%7CRoboto%20Condensed%3A400%2C500%2C700&display=swap" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" /><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open%20Sans%20Condensed%3A400%2C700%7COpen%20Sans%3A400%2C600%2C700%7CRoboto%20Condensed%3A400%2C500%2C700&display=swap" /></noscript> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://scholarlyo.com/xmlrpc.php" /> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Fav-scholarlyoa.png">  <meta name="description" content="The Google Scholar profile for Ştefan Vlăduţescu at Romania’s University of Craiova indicates that his publications have been cited 1,709 times. However, most of the citations to his works appear in dozens of articles published in three predatory, open-access, European journals." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://scholarlyo.com/did-a-romanian-researcher-successfully-game-google-scholar-to-raise-his-citation-count/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Did A Romanian Researcher Successfully Game Google Scholar to Raise his Citation Count? - Scholarly Open Access 2024" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The Google Scholar profile for Ştefan Vlăduţescu at Romania’s University of Craiova indicates that his publications have been cited 1,709 times. However, most of the citations to his works appear in dozens of articles published in three predatory, open-access, European journals." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://scholarlyo.com/did-a-romanian-researcher-successfully-game-google-scholar-to-raise-his-citation-count/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Scholarly Open Access 2024" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2019-05-31T12:54:04+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-03-29T09:40:58+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="426" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="Donald McCoy" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Donald McCoy" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="3 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://scholarlyo.com/did-a-romanian-researcher-successfully-game-google-scholar-to-raise-his-citation-count/","url":"https://scholarlyo.com/did-a-romanian-researcher-successfully-game-google-scholar-to-raise-his-citation-count/","name":"Did A Romanian Researcher Successfully Game Google Scholar to Raise his Citation Count? - Scholarly Open Access 2024","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://scholarlyo.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://scholarlyo.com/did-a-romanian-researcher-successfully-game-google-scholar-to-raise-his-citation-count/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://scholarlyo.com/did-a-romanian-researcher-successfully-game-google-scholar-to-raise-his-citation-count/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1.jpg","datePublished":"2019-05-31T12:54:04+00:00","dateModified":"2024-03-29T09:40:58+00:00","author":{"@id":"https://scholarlyo.com/#/schema/person/321548f185f731094696f6a79c0b6611"},"description":"The Google Scholar profile for Ştefan Vlăduţescu at Romania’s University of Craiova indicates that his publications have been cited 1,709 times. However, most of the citations to his works appear in dozens of articles published in three predatory, open-access, European journals.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://scholarlyo.com/did-a-romanian-researcher-successfully-game-google-scholar-to-raise-his-citation-count/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://scholarlyo.com/did-a-romanian-researcher-successfully-game-google-scholar-to-raise-his-citation-count/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://scholarlyo.com/did-a-romanian-researcher-successfully-game-google-scholar-to-raise-his-citation-count/#primaryimage","url":"https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1.jpg","width":640,"height":426,"caption":"Img Source: reprintsdesk.com"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://scholarlyo.com/did-a-romanian-researcher-successfully-game-google-scholar-to-raise-his-citation-count/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://scholarlyo.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Did A Romanian Researcher Successfully Game Google Scholar to Raise his Citation Count?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://scholarlyo.com/#website","url":"https://scholarlyo.com/","name":"Scholarly Open Access 2024","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://scholarlyo.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://scholarlyo.com/#/schema/person/321548f185f731094696f6a79c0b6611","name":"Donald McCoy","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://scholarlyo.com/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/db84dfb447a472aa2e2e31aa43e57cdf?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/db84dfb447a472aa2e2e31aa43e57cdf?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Donald McCoy"},"url":"https://scholarlyo.com/author/donald-mccoy/"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Scholarly Open Access 2024 » Feed" href="https://scholarlyo.com/feed/" /> <style type="text/css" media="all"> .wpautoterms-footer{background-color:#ffffff;text-align:center;} .wpautoterms-footer a{color:#000000;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px;} .wpautoterms-footer .separator{color:#cccccc;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px;}</style> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://scholarlyo.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 10px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 30px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--regular: 14px;--wp--preset--font-size--larger: 48px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='wpautoterms_css-css' href='https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/auto-terms-of-service-and-privacy-policy/css/wpautoterms.css?ver=1729861368' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='c4wp-public-css' href='https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/wp-captcha/assets/css/c4wp-public.css?ver=1729861368' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='td-theme-css' href='https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/themes/Newsmag/style.css?ver=1729861368' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='td-theme-inline-css' type='text/css'> /* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer */ @media (max-width: 767px) { .td-header-desktop-wrap { display: none; } } @media (min-width: 767px) { .td-header-mobile-wrap { display: none; } } </style> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='td-legacy-framework-front-style-css' href='https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/td-composer/legacy/Newsmag/assets/css/td_legacy_main.css?ver=1729861368' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='td-theme-demo-style-css' href='https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/td-composer/legacy/Newsmag/includes/demos/scandal/demo_style.css?ver=1729861368' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='rocket-lazyload-inline-css' type='text/css'> .rll-youtube-player{position:relative;padding-bottom:56.23%;height:0;overflow:hidden;max-width:100%;}.rll-youtube-player:focus-within{outline: 2px solid currentColor;outline-offset: 5px;}.rll-youtube-player iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:100;background:0 0}.rll-youtube-player img{bottom:0;display:block;left:0;margin:auto;max-width:100%;width:100%;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;border:none;height:auto;-webkit-transition:.4s all;-moz-transition:.4s all;transition:.4s all}.rll-youtube-player img:hover{-webkit-filter:brightness(75%)}.rll-youtube-player .play{height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;position:absolute;background:url(https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-rocket/assets/img/youtube.png) no-repeat center;background-color: transparent !important;cursor:pointer;border:none;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-includes/js/dist/dom-ready.min.js?ver=f77871ff7694fffea381" id="wp-dom-ready-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/auto-terms-of-service-and-privacy-policy/js/base.js?ver=1729861368" id="wpautoterms_base-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/stop-user-enumeration/frontend/js/frontend.js?ver=1729861368" id="stop-user-enumeration-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/wp-captcha/assets/js/c4wp-public.js?ver=1729861368" id="c4wp-public-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/151" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://scholarlyo.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://scholarlyo.com/?p=151' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarlyo.com%2Fdid-a-romanian-researcher-successfully-game-google-scholar-to-raise-his-citation-count%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarlyo.com%2Fdid-a-romanian-researcher-successfully-game-google-scholar-to-raise-his-citation-count%2F&format=xml" /> <meta name="publicationmedia-verification" content="fe003ced-8005-4377-b8c0-bdbec081dbe8"><style type="text/css">.aawp .aawp-tb__row--highlight{background-color:#256aaf;}.aawp .aawp-tb__row--highlight{color:#256aaf;}.aawp .aawp-tb__row--highlight a{color:#256aaf;}</style><script>document.createElement( "picture" );if(!window.HTMLPictureElement && document.addEventListener) {window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {var s = document.createElement("script");s.src = "https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/plugins/webp-express/js/picturefill.min.js";document.body.appendChild(s);});}</script>  <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript" id="td-generated-header-js"> var tdBlocksArray = []; //here we store all the items for the current page // td_block class - each ajax block uses a object of this class for requests function tdBlock() { this.id = ''; this.block_type = 1; //block type id (1-234 etc) this.atts = ''; this.td_column_number = ''; this.td_current_page = 1; // this.post_count = 0; //from wp this.found_posts = 0; //from wp this.max_num_pages = 0; //from wp this.td_filter_value = ''; //current live filter value this.is_ajax_running = false; this.td_user_action = ''; // load more or infinite loader (used by the animation) this.header_color = ''; this.ajax_pagination_infinite_stop = ''; //show load more at page x } // td_js_generator - mini detector ( function () { var htmlTag = document.getElementsByTagName("html")[0]; if ( navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 10.0") > -1 ) { htmlTag.className += ' ie10'; } if ( !!navigator.userAgent.match(/Trident.*rv\:11\./) ) { htmlTag.className += ' ie11'; } if ( navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Edge") > -1 ) { htmlTag.className += ' ieEdge'; } if ( /(iPad|iPhone|iPod)/g.test(navigator.userAgent) ) { htmlTag.className += ' td-md-is-ios'; } var user_agent = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); if ( user_agent.indexOf("android") > -1 ) { htmlTag.className += ' td-md-is-android'; } if ( -1 !== navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Mac OS X') ) { htmlTag.className += ' td-md-is-os-x'; } if ( /chrom(e|ium)/.test(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) ) { htmlTag.className += ' td-md-is-chrome'; } if ( -1 !== navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Firefox') ) { htmlTag.className += ' td-md-is-firefox'; } if ( -1 !== navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Safari') && -1 === navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Chrome') ) { htmlTag.className += ' td-md-is-safari'; } if( -1 !== navigator.userAgent.indexOf('IEMobile') ){ htmlTag.className += ' td-md-is-iemobile'; } })(); var tdLocalCache = {}; ( function () { "use strict"; tdLocalCache = { data: {}, remove: function (resource_id) { delete tdLocalCache.data[resource_id]; }, exist: function (resource_id) { return tdLocalCache.data.hasOwnProperty(resource_id) && tdLocalCache.data[resource_id] !== null; }, get: function (resource_id) { return tdLocalCache.data[resource_id]; }, set: function (resource_id, cachedData) { tdLocalCache.remove(resource_id); tdLocalCache.data[resource_id] = cachedData; } }; })(); var td_viewport_interval_list=[{"limitBottom":767,"sidebarWidth":251},{"limitBottom":1023,"sidebarWidth":339}]; var tdc_is_installed="yes"; var td_ajax_url="https:\/\/scholarlyo.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?td_theme_name=Newsmag&v=5.4.3.1"; var td_get_template_directory_uri="https:\/\/scholarlyo.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/td-composer\/legacy\/common"; var tds_snap_menu=""; var tds_logo_on_sticky="show_header_logo"; var tds_header_style="10"; var td_please_wait="Please wait..."; var td_email_user_pass_incorrect="User or password incorrect!"; var td_email_user_incorrect="Email or username incorrect!"; var td_email_incorrect="Email incorrect!"; var td_user_incorrect="Username incorrect!"; var td_email_user_empty="Email or username empty!"; var td_pass_empty="Pass empty!"; var td_pass_pattern_incorrect="Invalid Pass Pattern!"; var td_retype_pass_incorrect="Retyped Pass incorrect!"; var tds_more_articles_on_post_enable=""; var tds_more_articles_on_post_time_to_wait=""; var tds_more_articles_on_post_pages_distance_from_top=0; var tds_captcha=""; var tds_theme_color_site_wide="#dd9933"; var tds_smart_sidebar="enabled"; var tdThemeName="Newsmag"; var tdThemeNameWl="Newsmag"; var td_magnific_popup_translation_tPrev="Previous (Left arrow key)"; var td_magnific_popup_translation_tNext="Next (Right arrow key)"; var td_magnific_popup_translation_tCounter="%curr% of %total%"; var td_magnific_popup_translation_ajax_tError="The content from %url% could not be loaded."; var td_magnific_popup_translation_image_tError="The image #%curr% could not be loaded."; var tdBlockNonce="6de63f4913"; var tdMobileMenu="enabled"; var tdMobileSearch="enabled"; var tdDateNamesI18n={"month_names":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"month_names_short":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"day_names":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"day_names_short":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"]}; var td_deploy_mode="deploy"; var td_ad_background_click_link=""; var td_ad_background_click_target=""; </script>  <style> /* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer */ body { background-color:#ffffff; } /* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer */ .td-header-border:before, .td-trending-now-title, .td_block_mega_menu .td_mega_menu_sub_cats .cur-sub-cat, .td-post-category:hover, .td-header-style-2 .td-header-sp-logo, .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover i, .page-nav .current, .widget_calendar tfoot a:hover, .td-footer-container .widget_search .wpb_button:hover, .td-scroll-up-visible, .dropcap, .td-category a, input[type="submit"]:hover, .td-post-small-box a:hover, .td-404-sub-sub-title a:hover, .td-rating-bar-wrap div, .td_top_authors .td-active .td-author-post-count, .td_top_authors .td-active .td-author-comments-count, .td_smart_list_3 .td-sml3-top-controls i:hover, .td_smart_list_3 .td-sml3-bottom-controls i:hover, .td_wrapper_video_playlist .td_video_controls_playlist_wrapper, .td-read-more a:hover, .td-login-wrap .btn, .td_display_err, .td-header-style-6 .td-top-menu-full, #bbpress-forums button:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-pagination .current, .bbp_widget_login .button:hover, .header-search-wrap .td-drop-down-search .btn:hover, .td-post-text-content .more-link-wrap:hover a, #buddypress div.item-list-tabs ul li > a span, #buddypress div.item-list-tabs ul li > a:hover span, #buddypress input[type=submit]:hover, #buddypress a.button:hover span, #buddypress div.item-list-tabs ul li.selected a span, #buddypress div.item-list-tabs ul li.current a span, #buddypress input[type=submit]:focus, .td-grid-style-3 .td-big-grid-post .td-module-thumb a:last-child:before, .td-grid-style-4 .td-big-grid-post .td-module-thumb a:last-child:before, .td-grid-style-5 .td-big-grid-post .td-module-thumb:after, .td_category_template_2 .td-category-siblings .td-category a:hover, .td-weather-week:before, .td-weather-information:before, .td_3D_btn, .td_shadow_btn, .td_default_btn, .td_square_btn, .td_outlined_btn:hover { background-color: #dd9933; } @media (max-width: 767px) { .td-category a.td-current-sub-category { background-color: #dd9933; } } .woocommerce .onsale, .woocommerce .woocommerce a.button:hover, .woocommerce-page .woocommerce .button:hover, .single-product .product .summary .cart .button:hover, .woocommerce .woocommerce .product a.button:hover, .woocommerce .product a.button:hover, .woocommerce .product #respond input#submit:hover, .woocommerce .checkout input#place_order:hover, .woocommerce .woocommerce.widget .button:hover, .woocommerce .woocommerce-message .button:hover, .woocommerce .woocommerce-error .button:hover, .woocommerce .woocommerce-info .button:hover, .woocommerce.widget .ui-slider .ui-slider-handle, .vc_btn-black:hover, .wpb_btn-black:hover, .item-list-tabs .feed:hover a, .td-smart-list-button:hover { background-color: #dd9933; } .td-header-sp-top-menu .top-header-menu > .current-menu-item > a, .td-header-sp-top-menu .top-header-menu > .current-menu-ancestor > a, .td-header-sp-top-menu .top-header-menu > .current-category-ancestor > a, .td-header-sp-top-menu .top-header-menu > li > a:hover, .td-header-sp-top-menu .top-header-menu > .sfHover > a, .top-header-menu ul .current-menu-item > a, .top-header-menu ul .current-menu-ancestor > a, .top-header-menu ul .current-category-ancestor > a, .top-header-menu ul li > a:hover, .top-header-menu ul .sfHover > a, .sf-menu ul .td-menu-item > a:hover, .sf-menu ul .sfHover > a, .sf-menu ul .current-menu-ancestor > a, .sf-menu ul .current-category-ancestor > a, .sf-menu ul .current-menu-item > a, .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a, .td_mod_mega_menu:hover .entry-title a, .footer-email-wrap a, .widget a:hover, .td-footer-container .widget_calendar #today, .td-category-pulldown-filter a.td-pulldown-category-filter-link:hover, .td-load-more-wrap a:hover, .td-post-next-prev-content a:hover, .td-author-name a:hover, .td-author-url a:hover, .td_mod_related_posts:hover .entry-title a, .td-search-query, .header-search-wrap .td-drop-down-search .result-msg a:hover, .td_top_authors .td-active .td-authors-name a, .post blockquote p, .td-post-content blockquote p, .page blockquote p, .comment-list cite a:hover, .comment-list cite:hover, .comment-list .comment-reply-link:hover, a, .white-menu #td-header-menu .sf-menu > li > a:hover, .white-menu #td-header-menu .sf-menu > .current-menu-ancestor > a, .white-menu #td-header-menu .sf-menu > .current-menu-item > a, .td_quote_on_blocks, #bbpress-forums .bbp-forum-freshness a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-freshness a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-forums-list li a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-forum-title:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-permalink:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-started-by a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-started-in a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-body .super-sticky li.bbp-topic-title .bbp-topic-permalink, #bbpress-forums .bbp-body .sticky li.bbp-topic-title .bbp-topic-permalink, #bbpress-forums #subscription-toggle a:hover, #bbpress-forums #favorite-toggle a:hover, .woocommerce-account .woocommerce-MyAccount-navigation a:hover, .widget_display_replies .bbp-author-name, .widget_display_topics .bbp-author-name, .archive .widget_archive .current, .archive .widget_archive .current a, .td-subcategory-header .td-category-siblings .td-subcat-dropdown a.td-current-sub-category, .td-subcategory-header .td-category-siblings .td-subcat-dropdown a:hover, .td-pulldown-filter-display-option:hover, .td-pulldown-filter-display-option .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover, .td_normal_slide .td-wrapper-pulldown-filter .td-pulldown-filter-list a:hover, #buddypress ul.item-list li div.item-title a:hover, .td_block_13 .td-pulldown-filter-list a:hover, .td_smart_list_8 .td-smart-list-dropdown-wrap .td-smart-list-button:hover, .td_smart_list_8 .td-smart-list-dropdown-wrap .td-smart-list-button:hover i, .td-sub-footer-container a:hover, .td-instagram-user a, .td_outlined_btn, body .td_block_list_menu li.current-menu-item > a, body .td_block_list_menu li.current-menu-ancestor > a, body .td_block_list_menu li.current-category-ancestor > a{ color: #dd9933; } .td-mega-menu .wpb_content_element li a:hover, .td_login_tab_focus { color: #dd9933 !important; } .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover i, .page-nav .current, .widget_tag_cloud a:hover, .post .td_quote_box, .page .td_quote_box, .td-login-panel-title, #bbpress-forums .bbp-pagination .current, .td_category_template_2 .td-category-siblings .td-category a:hover, .page-template-page-pagebuilder-latest .td-instagram-user, .td_outlined_btn { border-color: #dd9933; } .td_wrapper_video_playlist .td_video_currently_playing:after, .item-list-tabs .feed:hover { border-color: #dd9933 !important; } .td-pb-row [class*="td-pb-span"], .td-pb-border-top, .page-template-page-title-sidebar-php .td-page-content > .wpb_row:first-child, .td-post-sharing, .td-post-content, .td-post-next-prev, .author-box-wrap, .td-comments-title-wrap, .comment-list, .comment-respond, .td-post-template-5 header, .td-container, .wpb_content_element, .wpb_column, .wpb_row, .white-menu .td-header-container .td-header-main-menu, .td-post-template-1 .td-post-content, .td-post-template-4 .td-post-sharing-top, .td-header-style-6 .td-header-header .td-make-full, #disqus_thread, .page-template-page-pagebuilder-title-php .td-page-content > .wpb_row:first-child, .td-footer-container:before { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.01); } .td-top-border { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.01) !important; } .td-container-border:after, .td-next-prev-separator, .td-container .td-pb-row .wpb_column:before, .td-container-border:before, .td-main-content:before, .td-main-sidebar:before, .td-pb-row .td-pb-span4:nth-of-type(3):after, .td-pb-row .td-pb-span4:nth-last-of-type(3):after { background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.01); } @media (max-width: 767px) { .white-menu .td-header-main-menu { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.01); } } .td-header-top-menu, .td-header-wrap .td-top-menu-full { background-color: #ffe228; } .td-header-style-1 .td-header-top-menu, .td-header-style-2 .td-top-bar-container, .td-header-style-7 .td-header-top-menu { padding: 0 12px; top: 0; } .td-header-sp-top-menu .top-header-menu > li > a, .td-header-sp-top-menu .td_data_time, .td-subscription-active .td-header-sp-top-menu .tds_menu_login .tdw-wml-user, .td-header-sp-top-menu .td-weather-top-widget { color: #000000; } .top-header-menu ul li a, .td-header-sp-top-menu .tds_menu_login .tdw-wml-menu-header, .td-header-sp-top-menu .tds_menu_login .tdw-wml-menu-content a, .td-header-sp-top-menu .tds_menu_login .tdw-wml-menu-footer a{ color: #000000; } .td-header-sp-top-widget .td-social-icon-wrap i { color: #000000; } .td-header-main-menu { background-color: #ffffff; } .sf-menu > li > a, .header-search-wrap .td-icon-search, #td-top-mobile-toggle i { color: #000000; } .td-header-row.td-header-header { background-color: #212121; } .td-header-style-1 .td-header-top-menu { padding: 0 12px; top: 0; } @media (min-width: 1024px) { .td-header-style-1 .td-header-header { padding: 0 6px; } } .td-header-style-6 .td-header-header .td-make-full { border-bottom: 0; } @media (max-height: 768px) { .td-header-style-6 .td-header-sp-rec { margin-right: 7px; } .td-header-style-6 .td-header-sp-logo { margin-left: 7px; } } @media (max-width: 767px) { body .td-header-wrap .td-header-main-menu { background-color: #000000; } } .td-menu-background:before, .td-search-background:before { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.8); background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0.8) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0.8) 100%); background: -webkit-gradient(left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%, rgba(255,255,255,0.8)), color-stop(100%, rgba(255,255,255,0.8))); background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0.8) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0.8) 100%); background: -o-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0.8) 0%, @mobileu_gradient_two_mob 100%); background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0.8) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0.8) 100%); background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255,255,255,0.8) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0.8) 100%); filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='rgba(255,255,255,0.8)', endColorstr='rgba(255,255,255,0.8)', GradientType=0 ); } .td-mobile-content li a, .td-mobile-content .td-icon-menu-right, .td-mobile-content .sub-menu .td-icon-menu-right, #td-mobile-nav .td-menu-login-section a, #td-mobile-nav .td-menu-logout a, #td-mobile-nav .td-menu-socials-wrap .td-icon-font, .td-mobile-close .td-icon-close-mobile, #td-mobile-nav .td-register-section, #td-mobile-nav .td-register-section .td-login-input, #td-mobile-nav label, #td-mobile-nav .td-register-section i, #td-mobile-nav .td-register-section a, #td-mobile-nav .td_display_err { color: #000000; } #td-mobile-nav .td-menu-login-section .td-menu-login span { background-color: #000000; } #td-mobile-nav .td-register-section .td-login-input { border-bottom-color: #000000 !important; } .td-mobile-content .current-menu-item > a, .td-mobile-content .current-menu-ancestor > a, .td-mobile-content .current-category-ancestor > a, #td-mobile-nav .td-menu-login-section a:hover, #td-mobile-nav .td-register-section a:hover, #td-mobile-nav .td-menu-socials-wrap a:hover i { color: #00a2ff; } #td-mobile-nav .td-register-section .td-login-button { color: #3f3f3f; } .td-header-text-logo .td-logo-text-container .td-logo-text { color: #00a2ff; } .td-header-text-logo .td-logo-text-container .td-tagline-text { color: #00a2ff; } .td-footer-container, .td-footer-container .td_module_mx3 .meta-info, .td-footer-container .td_module_14 .meta-info, .td-footer-container .td_module_mx1 .td-block14-border { background-color: #000000; } .td-footer-container .widget_calendar #today { background-color: transparent; } .td-sub-footer-container { background-color: #ffe228; } .td-sub-footer-container:after { background-color: transparent; } .td-sub-footer-container:before { background-color: transparent; } .td-footer-container.td-container { border-bottom-width: 0; } .td-sub-footer-container, .td-sub-footer-container a { color: #000000; } .td-sub-footer-container li a:before { background-color: #000000; } .td-subfooter-menu li a:hover { color: rgba(0,0,0,0.7); } .td-post-content, .td-post-content p { color: #000000; } .sf-menu > .td-menu-item > a { font-family:"Open Sans Condensed"; font-size:18px; } .sf-menu ul .td-menu-item a { font-family:"Open Sans Condensed"; font-size:16px; } .td_mod_mega_menu .item-details a { font-family:"Open Sans Condensed"; font-size:18px; } .td_mega_menu_sub_cats .block-mega-child-cats a { font-family:"Open Sans Condensed"; font-size:14px; } .td-mobile-content .td-mobile-main-menu > li > a { font-family:"Open Sans Condensed"; } .td-mobile-content .sub-menu a { font-family:"Open Sans Condensed"; } .td_module_wrap .entry-title, .td-theme-slider .td-module-title, .page .td-post-template-6 .td-post-header h1 { font-family:"Open Sans Condensed"; } .td_module_6 .td-module-title { font-size:18px; line-height:20px; } .td_module_11 .td-module-title { font-size:34px; line-height:36px; } .block-title > span, .block-title > a, .widgettitle, .td-trending-now-title, .wpb_tabs li a, .vc_tta-container .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-tabs-position-top.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tabs-container .vc_tta-tab > a, .td-related-title .td-related-left, .td-related-title .td-related-right, .category .entry-title span, .td-author-counters span, .woocommerce-tabs h2, .woocommerce .product .products h2:not(.woocommerce-loop-product__title) { font-family:"Open Sans Condensed"; font-size:18px; font-weight:bold; text-transform:uppercase; } .td-big-grid-post .entry-title { font-family:"Open Sans Condensed"; } .td_block_big_grid .td-big-thumb .entry-title, .td_block_big_grid_2 .td-big-thumb .entry-title, .td_block_big_grid_3 .td-big-thumb .entry-title, .td_block_big_grid_4 .td-big-thumb .entry-title, .td_block_big_grid_5 .td-big-thumb .entry-title, .td_block_big_grid_6 .td-big-thumb .entry-title, .td_block_big_grid_7 .td-big-thumb .entry-title { font-size:36px; line-height:38px; } .td_block_big_grid .td-small-thumb .entry-title, .td_block_big_grid_2 .td-small-thumb .entry-title, .td_block_big_grid_3 .td-small-thumb .entry-title, .td_block_big_grid_4 .td-small-thumb .entry-title, .td_block_big_grid_5 .td-small-thumb .entry-title, .td_block_big_grid_6 .td-small-thumb .entry-title, .td_block_big_grid_7 .td-small-thumb .entry-title { font-size:24px; line-height:26px; } .post header .entry-title { font-family:"Open Sans Condensed"; } .post .td-post-next-prev-content a { font-family:"Open Sans Condensed"; font-size:18px; line-height:22px; } .post .author-box-wrap .td-author-name a { font-family:"Open Sans Condensed"; } .td_block_related_posts .entry-title { font-family:"Open Sans Condensed"; font-size:18px; line-height:22px; } .td-sub-footer-copy { font-weight:bold; text-transform:uppercase; } .td-sub-footer-menu ul li a { font-weight:bold; text-transform:uppercase; } .widget_archive a, .widget_calendar, .widget_categories a, .widget_nav_menu a, .widget_meta a, .widget_pages a, .widget_recent_comments a, .widget_recent_entries a, .widget_text .textwidget, .widget_tag_cloud a, .widget_search input, .woocommerce .product-categories a, .widget_display_forums a, .widget_display_replies a, .widget_display_topics a, .widget_display_views a, .widget_display_stats { font-family:"Open Sans Condensed"; font-size:16px; line-height:20px; } .td-block-color-style-3 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a, body .td-block-color-style-3 .td-pulldown-filter-display-option:hover, body .td-block-color-style-3 .td-pulldown-filter-display-option .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover, body .td-block-color-style-3 .td_ajax_load_more:hover, body .td-block-color-style-3 .td_ajax_load_more:hover i { color: #000000 !important; } .td-block-color-style-3 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover i { background-color: #000000 !important; border-color: #000000 !important; } .td-block-color-style-3 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover i { color: #ffffff !important; } /* Style generated by theme for demo: scandal */ .td-scandal .td-header-style-10 .sf-menu > li > a, .td-scandal .td-scandal-instagram .td-instagram-button:hover { color: #dd9933 !important; } .td-scandal .td-grid-style-2 .td-big-grid-meta, .td-scandal .td-scandal-videos, .td-scandal .td-scandal-videos .td_video_playlist_title, .td-scandal .td-scandal-instagram, .td-scandal .td_module_11 .td-read-more:hover a, .td-scandal .td-post-template-4 header { background-color: #dd9933 !important; } .td-scandal .td-header-style-10 .sf-menu > li > a { color: #000000 !important; } </style> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" async data-rocket-src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7681034087578164" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "item": { "@type": "WebSite", "@id": "https://scholarlyo.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "item": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://scholarlyo.com/category/education/", "name": "Education" } } ,{ "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "item": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://scholarlyo.com/did-a-romanian-researcher-successfully-game-google-scholar-to-raise-his-citation-count/", "name": "Did A Romanian Researcher Successfully Game Google Scholar to Raise his Citation..." } } ] } </script> <style id="tdw-css-placeholder">/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer */ </style><noscript><style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript><style id="rocket-lazyrender-inline-css">[data-wpr-lazyrender] {content-visibility: auto;}</style></head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-151 single-format-standard aawp-custom did-a-romanian-researcher-successfully-game-google-scholar-to-raise-his-citation-count global-block-template-1 td-scandal single_template_2 white-menu td-boxed-layout" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage"> <div class="td-scroll-up td-hide-scroll-up-on-mob" style="display:none;"><i class="td-icon-menu-up"></i></div> <div class="td-menu-background"></div> <div id="td-mobile-nav"> <div class="td-mobile-container">  <div class="td-menu-socials-wrap">  <div class="td-menu-socials"> <span class="td-social-icon-wrap"> <a target="_blank" href="#" title="Facebook"> <i class="td-icon-font td-icon-facebook"></i> <span style="display: none">Facebook</span> </a> </span> <span class="td-social-icon-wrap"> <a target="_blank" href="#" title="Instagram"> <i class="td-icon-font td-icon-instagram"></i> <span style="display: none">Instagram</span> </a> </span> <span class="td-social-icon-wrap"> <a target="_blank" href="#" title="Twitter"> <i class="td-icon-font td-icon-twitter"></i> <span style="display: none">Twitter</span> </a> </span> <span class="td-social-icon-wrap"> <a target="_blank" href="#" title="Vimeo"> <i class="td-icon-font td-icon-vimeo"></i> <span style="display: none">Vimeo</span> </a> </span> <span class="td-social-icon-wrap"> <a target="_blank" href="#" title="Youtube"> <i class="td-icon-font td-icon-youtube"></i> <span style="display: none">Youtube</span> </a> </span> </div>  <div class="td-mobile-close"> <span><i class="td-icon-close-mobile"></i></span> </div> </div>   <div class="td-mobile-content"> <div class="menu-primary-menu-container"><ul id="menu-primary-menu" class="td-mobile-main-menu"><li id="menu-item-42899" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-first menu-item-42899"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/business/" data-wpel-link="internal">Business</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42900" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-42900"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/education/" data-wpel-link="internal">Education</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42901" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42901"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/technology/" data-wpel-link="internal">Technology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42902" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42902"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/cryptocurrency/" data-wpel-link="internal">Cryptocurrency</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42903" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42903"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/tip-tricks/" data-wpel-link="internal">Tip & Tricks</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42904" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42904"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/casino/" data-wpel-link="internal">Casino</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42905" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42905"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/health/" data-wpel-link="internal">Health</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42906" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42906"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/gambling/" data-wpel-link="internal">Gambling</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42907" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42907"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/blog/" data-wpel-link="internal">Blog</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="td-search-background"></div> <div class="td-search-wrap-mob"> <div class="td-drop-down-search"> <form method="get" class="td-search-form" action="https://scholarlyo.com/">  <div class="td-search-close"> <span><i class="td-icon-close-mobile"></i></span> </div> <div role="search" class="td-search-input"> <span>Search</span> <input id="td-header-search-mob" type="text" value="" name="s" autocomplete="off" /> </div> </form> <div id="td-aj-search-mob"></div> </div> </div> <div id="td-outer-wrap"> <div class="td-outer-container">  <div class="td-header-wrap td-header-style-10"> <div class="td-top-menu-full"> <div class="td-header-row td-header-top-menu td-make-full"> </div> </div> <div class="td-header-row td-header-header "> <div class="td-header-text-logo"> <a class="td-main-logo" href="https://scholarlyo.com/" data-wpel-link="internal"> <picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/scholarlyoa-logo.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20600%20100'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="600" height="100" class="webpexpress-processed" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/scholarlyoa-logo.png"><noscript><img src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/scholarlyoa-logo.png" alt="" width="600" height="100" class="webpexpress-processed"></noscript></picture> <span class="td-visual-hidden">Scholarly Open Access 2024</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="td-header-menu-wrap"> <div class="td-header-row td-header-main-menu"> <div class="td-make-full"> <div id="td-header-menu" role="navigation"> <div id="td-top-mobile-toggle"><span><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-mobile"></i></span></div> <div class="td-main-menu-logo td-logo-in-header"> <a class="td-main-logo" href="https://scholarlyo.com/" data-wpel-link="internal"> <picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/scholarlyoa-logo.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20600%20100'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="600" height="100" class="webpexpress-processed" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/scholarlyoa-logo.png"><noscript><img src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/scholarlyoa-logo.png" alt="" width="600" height="100" class="webpexpress-processed"></noscript></picture> </a> </div> <div class="menu-primary-menu-container"><ul id="menu-primary-menu-1" class="sf-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-first td-menu-item td-normal-menu menu-item-42899"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/business/" data-wpel-link="internal">Business</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent td-menu-item td-normal-menu menu-item-42900"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/education/" data-wpel-link="internal">Education</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category td-menu-item td-normal-menu menu-item-42901"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/technology/" data-wpel-link="internal">Technology</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category td-menu-item td-normal-menu menu-item-42902"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/cryptocurrency/" data-wpel-link="internal">Cryptocurrency</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category td-menu-item td-normal-menu menu-item-42903"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/tip-tricks/" data-wpel-link="internal">Tip & Tricks</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category td-menu-item td-normal-menu menu-item-42904"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/casino/" data-wpel-link="internal">Casino</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category td-menu-item td-normal-menu menu-item-42905"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/health/" data-wpel-link="internal">Health</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category td-menu-item td-normal-menu menu-item-42906"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/gambling/" data-wpel-link="internal">Gambling</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category td-menu-item td-normal-menu menu-item-42907"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/blog/" data-wpel-link="internal">Blog</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="td-search-wrapper"> <div id="td-top-search">  <div class="header-search-wrap"> <div class="dropdown header-search"> <a id="td-header-search-button" href="#" role="button" aria-label="search icon" class="dropdown-toggle " data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="td-icon-search"></i></a> <span id="td-header-search-button-mob" class="dropdown-toggle " data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="td-icon-search"></i></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-search-wrap"> <div class="dropdown header-search"> <div class="td-drop-down-search"> <form method="get" class="td-search-form" action="https://scholarlyo.com/"> <div role="search" class="td-head-form-search-wrap"> <input class="needsclick" id="td-header-search" type="text" value="" name="s" autocomplete="off" /><input class="wpb_button wpb_btn-inverse btn" type="submit" id="td-header-search-top" value="Search" /> </div> </form> <div id="td-aj-search"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="td-header-container"> <div class="td-header-row"> <div class="td-header-sp-rec"> <div class="td-header-ad-wrap td-ad"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="td-container td-post-template-2"> <div class="td-container-border"> <article id="post-151" class="post-151 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-education tag-fake-publisher tag-game-google-scholar tag-journals-published tag-predatory-publishers tag-raise-his-citation-count tag-romanian-researchers" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"> <div class="td-pb-row"> <div class="td-pb-span12"> <div class="td-post-header td-pb-padding-side"> <div class="entry-crumbs"><span><a title="" class="entry-crumb" href="https://scholarlyo.com/" data-wpel-link="internal">Home</a></span> <i class="td-icon-right td-bread-sep"></i> <span><a title="View all posts in Education" class="entry-crumb" href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/education/" data-wpel-link="internal">Education</a></span> <i class="td-icon-right td-bread-sep td-bred-no-url-last"></i> <span class="td-bred-no-url-last">Did A Romanian Researcher Successfully Game Google Scholar to Raise his Citation...</span></div> <ul class="td-category"><li class="entry-category"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/education/" data-wpel-link="internal">Education</a></li></ul> <header> <h1 class="entry-title">Did A Romanian Researcher Successfully Game Google Scholar to Raise his Citation Count?</h1> <div class="meta-info"> <div class="td-post-author-name"><div class="td-author-by">By</div> <a href="https://scholarlyo.com/author/donald-mccoy/" data-wpel-link="internal">Donald McCoy</a><div class="td-author-line"> - </div> </div> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2019-05-31T13:54:04+01:00" >May 31, 2019</time></span> <div class="td-post-comments"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/did-a-romanian-researcher-successfully-game-google-scholar-to-raise-his-citation-count/#respond" data-wpel-link="internal"><i class="td-icon-comments"></i>0</a></div> </div> </header> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="td-pb-row"> <div class="td-pb-span8 td-main-content" role="main"> <div class="td-ss-main-content"> <div class="td-post-content td-pb-padding-side"> <div class="td-post-featured-image"><figure><picture><source srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1.jpg.webp 640w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1-768x512.jpg.webp 768w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1-1024x682.jpg.webp 1024w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1-631x420.jpg.webp 631w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1-681x454.jpg.webp 681w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" type="image/webp"><img width="640" height="426" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1-640x426.jpg" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1.jpg 640w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1-631x420.jpg 631w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1-681x454.jpg 681w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" alt="" title="Google Schoolar"></picture><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Img Source: reprintsdesk.com</figcaption></figure></div> <p>The <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=hnZoWEIAAAAJ&hl=en" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" data-wpel-link="external">Google Scholar profile</a> for Ştefan Vlăduţescu at Romania’s University of Craiova indicates that his publications have been cited 1,709 times. However, most of the citations to his works appear in dozens of articles published in three predatory, open-access, European journals.</p> <p><picture><source srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/citations1.jpg.webp 640w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/citations1-300x63.jpg.webp 300w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/citations1-768x160.jpg.webp 768w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/citations1-681x142.jpg.webp 681w" sizes="(max-width: 785px) 100vw, 785px" type="image/webp"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-152 aligncenter webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/citations1.jpg" alt="" width="785" height="164" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/citations1.jpg 640w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/citations1-300x63.jpg 300w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/citations1-768x160.jpg 768w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/citations1-681x142.jpg 681w" sizes="(max-width: 785px) 100vw, 785px"></picture></p> <p>Most of the citations to Vlăduţescu’s works appear in the three journals published by SciPress Ltd, a publisher that purports to be based in Baech, Switzerland. The publisher also uses the name Scientific Publishing House. It publishes these three journals:</p> <p>International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences<br /> <a href="http://www.ilcpa.pl/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" data-wpel-link="external">International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy</a><br /> International Letters of Natural Sciences</p> <p><picture><source srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/picturre-3.jpg.webp 449w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/picturre-3-300x208.jpg.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px" type="image/webp"><img decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-156 aligncenter webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picturre-3.jpg" alt="" width="449" height="312" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picturre-3.jpg 449w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picturre-3-300x208.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px"></picture></p> <p>Although the publisher claims a Swiss headquarters location, the URLs for all three journals end in .pl — the country code top-level domain for Poland.</p> <p>The three journals are suspicious for many reasons. I’ve added both the publisher and the journals to my lists. Here are some of the reasons:</p> <p>1. The journals all have a bunch of articles already published in 2015. The International Letters of Natural Sciences, for example, has 32 articles already published in 2015 in four volumes (really issues). The journals published massive amounts of articles in 2014. For example, the International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences published 30 issues, with about 250 articles in 2014. Many of the authors are from Iran.</p> <p>2. Many of the published articles are complete nonsense. For example, one of Vlăduţescu’s articles in the International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences is entitled “Persuasion and the hygiene of communication.” The article has fewer than five pages of text, and the references section at the end has 72 entries. There are only 19 in-text citations however. Vlăduţescu appears as the author or as a co-author of 11 of the 72 works cited at the end.</p> <p><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/picture-4.jpg.webp 640w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/picture-4-300x144.jpg.webp 300w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/picture-4-768x370.jpg.webp 768w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/picture-4-1024x493.jpg.webp 1024w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/picture-4-872x420.jpg.webp 872w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/picture-4-681x328.jpg.webp 681w" sizes="(max-width: 1398px) 100vw, 1398px" type="image/webp"><img decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-153 aligncenter webpexpress-processed" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201398%20673'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="1398" height="673" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-4.jpg 640w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-4-300x144.jpg 300w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-4-768x370.jpg 768w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-4-1024x493.jpg 1024w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-4-872x420.jpg 872w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-4-681x328.jpg 681w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1398px) 100vw, 1398px" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-4.jpg"><noscript><img decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-153 aligncenter webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-4.jpg" alt="" width="1398" height="673" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-4.jpg 640w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-4-300x144.jpg 300w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-4-768x370.jpg 768w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-4-1024x493.jpg 1024w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-4-872x420.jpg 872w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-4-681x328.jpg 681w" sizes="(max-width: 1398px) 100vw, 1398px"></noscript></picture></p> <p>Note that this article was published in July 2014 (“Received 03 July; accepted 10 July 2014”), and it already (January, 2015) has been <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=Persuasion+and+the+hygiene+of+communication&btnG=&as_sdt=1%2C6&as_sdtp=" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" data-wpel-link="external">cited 12 times</a>.</p> <p>Many of the bibliographical references in the articles are contrived or incomplete:</p> <p><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/picture-6.jpg.webp 640w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/picture-6-300x46.jpg.webp 300w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/picture-6-768x118.jpg.webp 768w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/picture-6-1024x157.jpg.webp 1024w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/picture-6-681x104.jpg.webp 681w" sizes="(max-width: 1343px) 100vw, 1343px" type="image/webp"><img decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-155 aligncenter webpexpress-processed" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201343%20206'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="1343" height="206" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-6.jpg 640w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-6-300x46.jpg 300w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-6-768x118.jpg 768w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-6-1024x157.jpg 1024w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-6-681x104.jpg 681w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1343px) 100vw, 1343px" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-6.jpg"><noscript><img decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-155 aligncenter webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-6.jpg" alt="" width="1343" height="206" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-6.jpg 640w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-6-300x46.jpg 300w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-6-768x118.jpg 768w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-6-1024x157.jpg 1024w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-6-681x104.jpg 681w" sizes="(max-width: 1343px) 100vw, 1343px"></noscript></picture></p> <p>It is possible that this publisher was set up only for the purpose of gaming Google Scholar metrics. In fact, pretty much everything about the publisher seems fake.</p> <p><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/picture-5.jpg.webp 494w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/05/picture-5-300x107.jpg.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 494px) 100vw, 494px" type="image/webp"><img decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-154 aligncenter webpexpress-processed" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20494%20176'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="494" height="176" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-5.jpg 494w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-5-300x107.jpg 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 494px) 100vw, 494px" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-5.jpg"><noscript><img decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-154 aligncenter webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-5.jpg" alt="" width="494" height="176" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-5.jpg 494w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/picture-5-300x107.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 494px) 100vw, 494px"></noscript></picture></p> <p>Academic evaluation for promotion and tenure at the University of Craiova is based partly on the number of citations to one’s published works. One possible scenario is that SciPress Ltd is a compromised predatory publisher that accommodates authors needing quick and easy citations to their work, citations recorded in Google Scholar, and citations that are used to calculate one’s h-index.</p> <p>More broadly, this scam reveals how one can use predatory publishers to game Google Scholar. You find an easy, predatory journal that Google Scholar indexes, write a paper that includes a long bibliography at the end, and include 10-12 of your own works in the bibliography. Few, if any, predatory publishers check to verify whether bibliographies and in-text citations match.</p> <p>Then you pay to publish the article in the predatory journal. The references at the end of the article list many more articles and books than are actually cited in the paper, and your own 10-12 works are scattered among them. Google Scholar automatically counts all the references as citations, recording them in its central index. Your h-index and citation count then increase in Google Scholar.</p> <p>Update, 2015-01-21: Vlăduţescu’s Google Scholar account has been deleted. After this blog post was published, his number of citations changed from 1,711 to 150.</p> <h3>Appendix:</h3> <p>A selection of suspicious articles published by SciPress Ltd.</p> <p><a href="https://scholarlyoa.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/ceeol-article-4.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" data-wpel-link="external">Article (1)</a></p> <p><a href="https://scholarlyoa.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/ceeol-article-6.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" data-wpel-link="external">Article (2)</a></p> <p><a href="https://scholarlyoa.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/ceeol-article-8.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" data-wpel-link="external">Article (3)</a></p> <p><a href="https://scholarlyoa.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/ceeol-article-9.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" data-wpel-link="external">Article (4)</a></p> <p><a href="https://scholarlyoa.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/ceeol-article.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" data-wpel-link="external">Article (5)</a></p> <div class="crp_related crp-text-only"><h2>Related Posts:</h2><ul><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/google-scholar-is-filled-with-junk-science/" class="crp_link post-35" data-wpel-link="internal"><span class="crp_title">Google Scholar is Filled with Junk Science</span></a></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/scholars-guide-best-housing-and-accommodation/" class="crp_link post-13666" data-wpel-link="internal"><span class="crp_title">A Scholar's Guide to Finding the Best Housing and…</span></a></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/english-to-romanian-translation/" class="crp_link post-27733" data-wpel-link="internal"><span class="crp_title">Benefits of Using English-To-Romanian Translation Services</span></a></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/raise-credit-score-fast/" class="crp_link post-22237" data-wpel-link="internal"><span class="crp_title">How to Raise Your Credit Score Fast?</span></a></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/market-mobile-product-successfully/" class="crp_link post-4851" data-wpel-link="internal"><span class="crp_title">How To Market Your Mobile Product Successfully In 2024</span></a></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/how-to-successfully-pass-an-ib-internal-certification/" class="crp_link post-21242" data-wpel-link="internal"><span class="crp_title">How to Successfully Pass an IB Internal…</span></a></li></ul><div class="crp_clear"></div></div> </div> <footer> <div class="td-post-source-tags td-pb-padding-side"> <ul class="td-tags td-post-small-box clearfix"><li><span>TAGS</span></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/tag/fake-publisher/" data-wpel-link="internal">fake publisher</a></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/tag/game-google-scholar/" data-wpel-link="internal">Game Google Scholar</a></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/tag/journals-published/" data-wpel-link="internal">journals published</a></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/tag/predatory-publishers/" data-wpel-link="internal">Predatory Publishers</a></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/tag/raise-his-citation-count/" data-wpel-link="internal">Raise his Citation Count</a></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/tag/romanian-researchers/" data-wpel-link="internal">Romanian Researchers</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="td-post-sharing-bottom td-pb-padding-side"></div> <div class="td-block-row td-post-next-prev"><div class="td-block-span6 td-post-prev-post"><div class="td-post-next-prev-content"><span>Previous article</span><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/lambert-academic-publishing-a-must-to-avoid/" data-wpel-link="internal">Lambert Academic Publishing: A Must to Avoid</a></div></div><div class="td-next-prev-separator"></div><div class="td-block-span6 td-post-next-post"><div class="td-post-next-prev-content"><span>Next article</span><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/criteria-for-determining-predatory-open-access-publishers/" data-wpel-link="internal">Criteria for Determining Predatory Open-Access Publishers</a></div></div></div> <div class="author-box-wrap"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/author/donald-mccoy/" aria-label="author-photo" data-wpel-link="internal"><img alt='Donald McCoy' src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2096%2096'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/db84dfb447a472aa2e2e31aa43e57cdf?s=192&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-96 photo' height='96' width='96' decoding='async' data-lazy-src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/db84dfb447a472aa2e2e31aa43e57cdf?s=96&d=mm&r=g"/><noscript><img alt='Donald McCoy' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/db84dfb447a472aa2e2e31aa43e57cdf?s=96&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/db84dfb447a472aa2e2e31aa43e57cdf?s=192&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-96 photo' height='96' width='96' decoding='async'/></noscript></a><div class="desc"><div class="td-author-name vcard author"><span class="fn"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/author/donald-mccoy/" data-wpel-link="internal">Donald McCoy</a></span></div><div class="td-author-description"></div><div class="td-author-social"></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div></div> <span class="td-page-meta" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="name" content="Donald McCoy"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://scholarlyo.com/author/donald-mccoy/"></span><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2019-05-31T13:54:04+01:00"><meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2024-03-29T10:40:58+01:00"><meta itemscope itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemType="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemid="https://scholarlyo.com/did-a-romanian-researcher-successfully-game-google-scholar-to-raise-his-citation-count/"/><span class="td-page-meta" itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><span class="td-page-meta" itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/scholarlyoa-logo.png"></span><meta itemprop="name" content="Scholarly Open Access 2024"></span><meta itemprop="headline " content="Did A Romanian Researcher Successfully Game Google Scholar to Raise his Citation Count?"><span class="td-page-meta" itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Google-Schoolar-1.jpg"><meta itemprop="width" content="640"><meta itemprop="height" content="426"></span> </footer> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript">var block_tdi_3 = new tdBlock(); block_tdi_3.id = "tdi_3"; block_tdi_3.atts = '{"limit":6,"ajax_pagination":"next_prev","live_filter":"cur_post_same_tags","td_ajax_filter_type":"td_custom_related","class":"tdi_3","td_column_number":3,"block_type":"td_block_related_posts","live_filter_cur_post_id":151,"live_filter_cur_post_author":"2","block_template_id":"","header_color":"","ajax_pagination_infinite_stop":"","offset":"","td_ajax_preloading":"","td_filter_default_txt":"","td_ajax_filter_ids":"","el_class":"","color_preset":"","ajax_pagination_next_prev_swipe":"","border_top":"","css":"","tdc_css":"","tdc_css_class":"tdi_3","tdc_css_class_style":"tdi_3_rand_style"}'; block_tdi_3.td_column_number = "3"; block_tdi_3.block_type = "td_block_related_posts"; block_tdi_3.post_count = "6"; block_tdi_3.found_posts = "8"; block_tdi_3.header_color = ""; block_tdi_3.ajax_pagination_infinite_stop = ""; block_tdi_3.max_num_pages = "2"; tdBlocksArray.push(block_tdi_3); </script><div class="td_block_wrap td_block_related_posts tdi_3 td_with_ajax_pagination td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1" data-td-block-uid="tdi_3" ><h4 class="td-related-title"><a id="tdi_4" class="td-related-left td-cur-simple-item" data-td_filter_value="" data-td_block_id="tdi_3" href="#">RELATED ARTICLES</a><a id="tdi_5" class="td-related-right" data-td_filter_value="td_related_more_from_author" data-td_block_id="tdi_3" href="#">MORE FROM AUTHOR</a></h4><div id=tdi_3 class="td_block_inner"> <div class="td-related-row"> <div class="td-related-span4"> <div class="td_module_related_posts td-animation-stack td_mod_related_posts td-cpt-post"> <div class="td-module-image"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/hundreds-of-articles-disappear-as-publisher-changes-model-from-open-access-to-toll-access/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Hundreds of Articles Disappear as Publisher Changes Model from Open Access to Toll Access" data-wpel-link="internal"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/08/loupe1-238x178.jpg.webp 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/08/loupe1-80x60.jpg.webp 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/08/loupe1-100x75.jpg.webp 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/08/loupe1-180x135.jpg.webp 180w" sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" type="image/webp"><img width="238" height="178" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20238%20178'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/loupe1-238x178.jpg 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/loupe1-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/loupe1-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/loupe1-180x135.jpg 180w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" alt="" title="Hundreds of Articles Disappear as Publisher Changes Model from Open Access to Toll Access" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/loupe1-238x178.jpg"><noscript><img width="238" height="178" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/loupe1-238x178.jpg" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/loupe1-238x178.jpg 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/loupe1-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/loupe1-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/loupe1-180x135.jpg 180w" sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" alt="" title="Hundreds of Articles Disappear as Publisher Changes Model from Open Access to Toll Access"></noscript></picture></a></div> </div> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/hundreds-of-articles-disappear-as-publisher-changes-model-from-open-access-to-toll-access/" rel="bookmark" title="Hundreds of Articles Disappear as Publisher Changes Model from Open Access to Toll Access" data-wpel-link="internal">Hundreds of Articles Disappear as Publisher Changes Model from Open Access to Toll Access</a></h3> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="td-related-span4"> <div class="td_module_related_posts td-animation-stack td_mod_related_posts td-cpt-post"> <div class="td-module-image"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/plagiarism-in-the-journal-of-sports-medicine-doping-studies/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Plagiarism in the “Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies”" data-wpel-link="internal"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/08/Plagiarism-in-the-“Journal-of-Sports-Medicine-Doping-Studies”-238x178.jpg.webp 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/08/Plagiarism-in-the-“Journal-of-Sports-Medicine-Doping-Studies”-80x60.jpg.webp 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/08/Plagiarism-in-the-“Journal-of-Sports-Medicine-Doping-Studies”-100x75.jpg.webp 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/08/Plagiarism-in-the-“Journal-of-Sports-Medicine-Doping-Studies”-180x135.jpg.webp 180w" sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" type="image/webp"><img width="238" height="178" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20238%20178'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Plagiarism-in-the-“Journal-of-Sports-Medicine-Doping-Studies”-238x178.jpg 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Plagiarism-in-the-“Journal-of-Sports-Medicine-Doping-Studies”-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Plagiarism-in-the-“Journal-of-Sports-Medicine-Doping-Studies”-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Plagiarism-in-the-“Journal-of-Sports-Medicine-Doping-Studies”-180x135.jpg 180w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" alt="" title="Plagiarism in the “Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies”" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Plagiarism-in-the-“Journal-of-Sports-Medicine-Doping-Studies”-238x178.jpg"><noscript><img width="238" height="178" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Plagiarism-in-the-“Journal-of-Sports-Medicine-Doping-Studies”-238x178.jpg" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Plagiarism-in-the-“Journal-of-Sports-Medicine-Doping-Studies”-238x178.jpg 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Plagiarism-in-the-“Journal-of-Sports-Medicine-Doping-Studies”-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Plagiarism-in-the-“Journal-of-Sports-Medicine-Doping-Studies”-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Plagiarism-in-the-“Journal-of-Sports-Medicine-Doping-Studies”-180x135.jpg 180w" sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" alt="" title="Plagiarism in the “Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies”"></noscript></picture></a></div> </div> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/plagiarism-in-the-journal-of-sports-medicine-doping-studies/" rel="bookmark" title="Plagiarism in the “Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies”" data-wpel-link="internal">Plagiarism in the “Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies”</a></h3> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="td-related-span4"> <div class="td_module_related_posts td-animation-stack td_mod_related_posts td-cpt-post"> <div class="td-module-image"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/more-duplication-of-journal-titles-and-conference-names-by-predatory-publishers/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="More Duplication of Journal Titles and Conference Names by Predatory Publishers" data-wpel-link="internal"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/07/More-Duplication-of-Journal-Titles-and-Conference-Names-by-Predatory-Publishers-238x178.jpg.webp 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/07/More-Duplication-of-Journal-Titles-and-Conference-Names-by-Predatory-Publishers-80x60.jpg.webp 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/07/More-Duplication-of-Journal-Titles-and-Conference-Names-by-Predatory-Publishers-100x75.jpg.webp 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/07/More-Duplication-of-Journal-Titles-and-Conference-Names-by-Predatory-Publishers-180x135.jpg.webp 180w" sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" type="image/webp"><img width="238" height="178" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20238%20178'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/More-Duplication-of-Journal-Titles-and-Conference-Names-by-Predatory-Publishers-238x178.jpg 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/More-Duplication-of-Journal-Titles-and-Conference-Names-by-Predatory-Publishers-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/More-Duplication-of-Journal-Titles-and-Conference-Names-by-Predatory-Publishers-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/More-Duplication-of-Journal-Titles-and-Conference-Names-by-Predatory-Publishers-180x135.jpg 180w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" alt="" title="More Duplication of Journal Titles and Conference Names by Predatory Publishers" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/More-Duplication-of-Journal-Titles-and-Conference-Names-by-Predatory-Publishers-238x178.jpg"><noscript><img width="238" height="178" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/More-Duplication-of-Journal-Titles-and-Conference-Names-by-Predatory-Publishers-238x178.jpg" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/More-Duplication-of-Journal-Titles-and-Conference-Names-by-Predatory-Publishers-238x178.jpg 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/More-Duplication-of-Journal-Titles-and-Conference-Names-by-Predatory-Publishers-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/More-Duplication-of-Journal-Titles-and-Conference-Names-by-Predatory-Publishers-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/More-Duplication-of-Journal-Titles-and-Conference-Names-by-Predatory-Publishers-180x135.jpg 180w" sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" alt="" title="More Duplication of Journal Titles and Conference Names by Predatory Publishers"></noscript></picture></a></div> </div> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/more-duplication-of-journal-titles-and-conference-names-by-predatory-publishers/" rel="bookmark" title="More Duplication of Journal Titles and Conference Names by Predatory Publishers" data-wpel-link="internal">More Duplication of Journal Titles and Conference Names by Predatory Publishers</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="td-related-row"> <div class="td-related-span4"> <div class="td_module_related_posts td-animation-stack td_mod_related_posts td-cpt-post"> <div class="td-module-image"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/look-out-for-bogus-impact-factor-companies/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Look out for Bogus Impact Factor Companies" data-wpel-link="internal"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-238x178.jpg.webp 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-300x225.jpg.webp 300w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-768x576.jpg.webp 768w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-1024x768.jpg.webp 1024w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-560x420.jpg.webp 560w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-80x60.jpg.webp 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-100x75.jpg.webp 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-180x135.jpg.webp 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies.jpg.webp 640w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-681x511.jpg.webp 681w" sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" type="image/webp"><img width="238" height="178" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20238%20178'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-238x178.jpg 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-300x225.jpg 300w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-768x576.jpg 768w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-560x420.jpg 560w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-180x135.jpg 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies.jpg 640w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-681x511.jpg 681w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" alt="" title="Look out for Bogus Impact Factor Companies" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-238x178.jpg"><noscript><img width="238" height="178" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-238x178.jpg" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-238x178.jpg 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-300x225.jpg 300w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-768x576.jpg 768w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-560x420.jpg 560w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-180x135.jpg 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies.jpg 640w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Look-out-for-Bogus-Impact-Factor-Companies-681x511.jpg 681w" sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" alt="" title="Look out for Bogus Impact Factor Companies"></noscript></picture></a></div> </div> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/look-out-for-bogus-impact-factor-companies/" rel="bookmark" title="Look out for Bogus Impact Factor Companies" data-wpel-link="internal">Look out for Bogus Impact Factor Companies</a></h3> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="td-related-span4"> <div class="td_module_related_posts td-animation-stack td_mod_related_posts td-cpt-post"> <div class="td-module-image"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/bealls-list-of-predatory-publishers-2017/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Beall’s List of Predatory Publishers 2017" data-wpel-link="internal"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Predatory-list-238x178.jpg.webp 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Predatory-list-80x60.jpg.webp 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Predatory-list-100x75.jpg.webp 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Predatory-list-180x135.jpg.webp 180w" sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" type="image/webp"><img width="238" height="178" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20238%20178'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Predatory-list-238x178.jpg 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Predatory-list-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Predatory-list-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Predatory-list-180x135.jpg 180w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" alt="" title="Beall’s List of Predatory Publishers 2017" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Predatory-list-238x178.jpg"><noscript><img width="238" height="178" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Predatory-list-238x178.jpg" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Predatory-list-238x178.jpg 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Predatory-list-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Predatory-list-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Predatory-list-180x135.jpg 180w" sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" alt="" title="Beall’s List of Predatory Publishers 2017"></noscript></picture></a></div> </div> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/bealls-list-of-predatory-publishers-2017/" rel="bookmark" title="Beall’s List of Predatory Publishers 2017" data-wpel-link="internal">Beall’s List of Predatory Publishers 2017</a></h3> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="td-related-span4"> <div class="td_module_related_posts td-animation-stack td_mod_related_posts td-cpt-post"> <div class="td-module-image"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/recognizing-a-pattern-of-problems-in-pattern-recognition-in-physics/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Recognizing a Pattern of Problems in “Pattern Recognition in Physics”" data-wpel-link="internal"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Copernicus-Publications-238x178.jpg.webp 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Copernicus-Publications-80x60.jpg.webp 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Copernicus-Publications-100x75.jpg.webp 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/Copernicus-Publications-180x135.jpg.webp 180w" sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" type="image/webp"><img width="238" height="178" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20238%20178'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Copernicus-Publications-238x178.jpg 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Copernicus-Publications-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Copernicus-Publications-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Copernicus-Publications-180x135.jpg 180w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" alt="" title="Recognizing a Pattern of Problems in “Pattern Recognition in Physics”" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Copernicus-Publications-238x178.jpg"><noscript><img width="238" height="178" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Copernicus-Publications-238x178.jpg" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Copernicus-Publications-238x178.jpg 238w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Copernicus-Publications-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Copernicus-Publications-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Copernicus-Publications-180x135.jpg 180w" sizes="(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px" alt="" title="Recognizing a Pattern of Problems in “Pattern Recognition in Physics”"></noscript></picture></a></div> </div> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/recognizing-a-pattern-of-problems-in-pattern-recognition-in-physics/" rel="bookmark" title="Recognizing a Pattern of Problems in “Pattern Recognition in Physics”" data-wpel-link="internal">Recognizing a Pattern of Problems in “Pattern Recognition in Physics”</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="td-next-prev-wrap"><a href="#" class="td-ajax-prev-page ajax-page-disabled" aria-label="prev-page" id="prev-page-tdi_3" data-td_block_id="tdi_3"><i class="td-next-prev-icon td-icon-font td-icon-menu-left"></i></a><a href="#" class="td-ajax-next-page" aria-label="next-page" id="next-page-tdi_3" data-td_block_id="tdi_3"><i class="td-next-prev-icon td-icon-font td-icon-menu-right"></i></a></div></div>  </div> </div> <div class="td-pb-span4 td-main-sidebar td-pb-border-top" role="complementary"> <div class="td-ss-main-sidebar"> <div class="td_block_wrap td_block_2 td_block_widget tdi_6 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1" data-td-block-uid="tdi_6" > <style> /* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer */ .tdi_6 .td-post-vid-time{ display: block; } </style><script type="rocketlazyloadscript">var block_tdi_6 = new tdBlock(); block_tdi_6.id = "tdi_6"; block_tdi_6.atts = '{"class":"td_block_widget tdi_6","block_type":"td_block_2","separator":"","custom_title":"","custom_url":"","title_tag":"","block_template_id":"","border_top":"","color_preset":"","m4_tl":"","m4_title_tag":"","m4_el":"","m6_tl":"","m6_title_tag":"","post_ids":"-151","category_id":"","category_ids":"","tag_slug":"","autors_id":"","installed_post_types":"","sort":"","limit":"5","offset":"","open_in_new_window":"","show_modified_date":"","video_popup":"","video_rec":"","video_rec_title":"","show_vid_t":"block","el_class":"","td_ajax_filter_type":"","td_ajax_filter_ids":"","td_filter_default_txt":"All","td_ajax_preloading":"","f_header_font_header":"","f_header_font_title":"Block header","f_header_font_settings":"","f_header_font_family":"","f_header_font_size":"","f_header_font_line_height":"","f_header_font_style":"","f_header_font_weight":"","f_header_font_transform":"","f_header_font_spacing":"","f_header_":"","f_ajax_font_title":"Ajax categories","f_ajax_font_settings":"","f_ajax_font_family":"","f_ajax_font_size":"","f_ajax_font_line_height":"","f_ajax_font_style":"","f_ajax_font_weight":"","f_ajax_font_transform":"","f_ajax_font_spacing":"","f_ajax_":"","f_more_font_title":"Load more button","f_more_font_settings":"","f_more_font_family":"","f_more_font_size":"","f_more_font_line_height":"","f_more_font_style":"","f_more_font_weight":"","f_more_font_transform":"","f_more_font_spacing":"","f_more_":"","m4f_title_font_header":"","m4f_title_font_title":"Article title","m4f_title_font_settings":"","m4f_title_font_family":"","m4f_title_font_size":"","m4f_title_font_line_height":"","m4f_title_font_style":"","m4f_title_font_weight":"","m4f_title_font_transform":"","m4f_title_font_spacing":"","m4f_title_":"","m4f_cat_font_title":"Article category tag","m4f_cat_font_settings":"","m4f_cat_font_family":"","m4f_cat_font_size":"","m4f_cat_font_line_height":"","m4f_cat_font_style":"","m4f_cat_font_weight":"","m4f_cat_font_transform":"","m4f_cat_font_spacing":"","m4f_cat_":"","m4f_meta_font_title":"Article meta info","m4f_meta_font_settings":"","m4f_meta_font_family":"","m4f_meta_font_size":"","m4f_meta_font_line_height":"","m4f_meta_font_style":"","m4f_meta_font_weight":"","m4f_meta_font_transform":"","m4f_meta_font_spacing":"","m4f_meta_":"","m4f_ex_font_title":"Article excerpt","m4f_ex_font_settings":"","m4f_ex_font_family":"","m4f_ex_font_size":"","m4f_ex_font_line_height":"","m4f_ex_font_style":"","m4f_ex_font_weight":"","m4f_ex_font_transform":"","m4f_ex_font_spacing":"","m4f_ex_":"","m6f_title_font_header":"","m6f_title_font_title":"Article title","m6f_title_font_settings":"","m6f_title_font_family":"","m6f_title_font_size":"","m6f_title_font_line_height":"","m6f_title_font_style":"","m6f_title_font_weight":"","m6f_title_font_transform":"","m6f_title_font_spacing":"","m6f_title_":"","m6f_cat_font_title":"Article category tag","m6f_cat_font_settings":"","m6f_cat_font_family":"","m6f_cat_font_size":"","m6f_cat_font_line_height":"","m6f_cat_font_style":"","m6f_cat_font_weight":"","m6f_cat_font_transform":"","m6f_cat_font_spacing":"","m6f_cat_":"","m6f_meta_font_title":"Article meta info","m6f_meta_font_settings":"","m6f_meta_font_family":"","m6f_meta_font_size":"","m6f_meta_font_line_height":"","m6f_meta_font_style":"","m6f_meta_font_weight":"","m6f_meta_font_transform":"","m6f_meta_font_spacing":"","m6f_meta_":"","ajax_pagination":"","ajax_pagination_infinite_stop":"","css":"","tdc_css":"","td_column_number":1,"header_color":"","ajax_pagination_next_prev_swipe":"","tdc_css_class":"tdi_6","tdc_css_class_style":"tdi_6_rand_style"}'; block_tdi_6.td_column_number = "1"; block_tdi_6.block_type = "td_block_2"; block_tdi_6.post_count = "5"; block_tdi_6.found_posts = "4061"; block_tdi_6.header_color = ""; block_tdi_6.ajax_pagination_infinite_stop = ""; block_tdi_6.max_num_pages = "813"; tdBlocksArray.push(block_tdi_6); </script><div id=tdi_6 class="td_block_inner"> <div class="td-block-span12"> <div class="td_module_4 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack td-cpt-post"> <div class="td-module-image"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/history-of-bourbon/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="The History of Bourbon – From Its Humble Beginnings to Today’s Icons" data-wpel-link="internal"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-300x194.jpg.webp 300w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-341x220.jpg.webp 341w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" type="image/webp"><img width="300" height="194" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20194'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-300x194.jpg 300w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-341x220.jpg 341w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" alt="" title="The History of Bourbon – From Its Humble Beginnings to Today’s Icons" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-300x194.jpg"><noscript><img width="300" height="194" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-300x194.jpg" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-300x194.jpg 300w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-341x220.jpg 341w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" alt="" title="The History of Bourbon – From Its Humble Beginnings to Today’s Icons"></noscript></picture></a></div> </div> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/history-of-bourbon/" rel="bookmark" title="The History of Bourbon – From Its Humble Beginnings to Today’s Icons" data-wpel-link="internal">The History of Bourbon – From Its Humble Beginnings to Today’s...</a></h3> <div class="meta-info"> <span class="td-post-author-name"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/author/allan-coates/" data-wpel-link="internal">Allan Coates</a> <span>-</span> </span> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2024-11-23T14:31:08+01:00" >November 23, 2024</time></span> <span class="td-module-comments"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/history-of-bourbon/#respond" data-wpel-link="internal">0</a></span> </div> <div class="td-excerpt"> There’s something magical about sipping bourbon—rich flavors, the warmth it brings, and that unmistakable connection to a storied past. But where did it all... </div> </div> </div>  <div class="td-block-span12"> <div class="td_module_6 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack td-cpt-post"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/dark-side-of-trading/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="The Dark Side of Trading – What You Need to Know About Market Volatility" data-wpel-link="internal"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-100x75.jpg.webp 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-80x60.jpg.webp 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-180x135.jpg.webp 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-238x178.jpg.webp 238w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" type="image/webp"><img width="100" height="75" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%2075'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-180x135.jpg 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-238x178.jpg 238w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" alt="Dark Side of Trading" title="The Dark Side of Trading – What You Need to Know About Market Volatility" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-100x75.jpg"><noscript><img width="100" height="75" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-100x75.jpg" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-180x135.jpg 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-238x178.jpg 238w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" alt="Dark Side of Trading" title="The Dark Side of Trading – What You Need to Know About Market Volatility"></noscript></picture></a></div> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/dark-side-of-trading/" rel="bookmark" title="The Dark Side of Trading – What You Need to Know About Market Volatility" data-wpel-link="internal">The Dark Side of Trading – What You Need to Know...</a></h3> <div class="meta-info"> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2024-11-23T14:05:12+01:00" >November 23, 2024</time></span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="td-block-span12"> <div class="td_module_6 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack td-cpt-post"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/unique-gift-ideas-that-foster-creativity/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="20 Unique Gift Ideas That Foster Creativity" data-wpel-link="internal"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-100x75.jpg.webp 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-80x60.jpg.webp 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-180x135.jpg.webp 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-238x178.jpg.webp 238w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" type="image/webp"><img width="100" height="75" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%2075'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-180x135.jpg 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-238x178.jpg 238w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" alt="" title="20 Unique Gift Ideas That Foster Creativity" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-100x75.jpg"><noscript><img width="100" height="75" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-100x75.jpg" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-180x135.jpg 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-238x178.jpg 238w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" alt="" title="20 Unique Gift Ideas That Foster Creativity"></noscript></picture></a></div> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/unique-gift-ideas-that-foster-creativity/" rel="bookmark" title="20 Unique Gift Ideas That Foster Creativity" data-wpel-link="internal">20 Unique Gift Ideas That Foster Creativity</a></h3> <div class="meta-info"> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2024-11-21T09:11:12+01:00" >November 21, 2024</time></span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="td-block-span12"> <div class="td_module_6 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack td-cpt-post"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/are-you-ready-to-start-trading/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Are You Ready to Start Trading? Here Are Opportunities You Can’t Miss" data-wpel-link="internal"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Start-Trading-100x75.jpg.webp 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Start-Trading-80x60.jpg.webp 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Start-Trading-180x135.jpg.webp 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Start-Trading-238x178.jpg.webp 238w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" type="image/webp"><img width="100" height="75" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%2075'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Start-Trading-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Start-Trading-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Start-Trading-180x135.jpg 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Start-Trading-238x178.jpg 238w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" alt="" title="Are You Ready to Start Trading? Here Are Opportunities You Can’t Miss" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Start-Trading-100x75.jpg"><noscript><img width="100" height="75" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Start-Trading-100x75.jpg" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Start-Trading-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Start-Trading-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Start-Trading-180x135.jpg 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Start-Trading-238x178.jpg 238w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" alt="" title="Are You Ready to Start Trading? Here Are Opportunities You Can’t Miss"></noscript></picture></a></div> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/are-you-ready-to-start-trading/" rel="bookmark" title="Are You Ready to Start Trading? Here Are Opportunities You Can’t Miss" data-wpel-link="internal">Are You Ready to Start Trading? Here Are Opportunities You Can’t...</a></h3> <div class="meta-info"> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2024-11-18T13:13:47+01:00" >November 18, 2024</time></span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="td-block-span12"> <div class="td_module_6 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack td-cpt-post"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/invest-in-high-dividend-stocks/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="Should You Invest in High Dividend Stocks in Today’s Market?" data-wpel-link="internal"><img width="100" height="75" class="entry-thumb" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%2075'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Invest-in-High-Dividend-Stocks-100x75.webp 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Invest-in-High-Dividend-Stocks-80x60.webp 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Invest-in-High-Dividend-Stocks-180x135.webp 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Invest-in-High-Dividend-Stocks-238x178.webp 238w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" alt="Earning money by Investing in High Dividend Stocks" title="Should You Invest in High Dividend Stocks in Today’s Market?" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Invest-in-High-Dividend-Stocks-100x75.webp" /><noscript><img width="100" height="75" class="entry-thumb" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Invest-in-High-Dividend-Stocks-100x75.webp" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Invest-in-High-Dividend-Stocks-100x75.webp 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Invest-in-High-Dividend-Stocks-80x60.webp 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Invest-in-High-Dividend-Stocks-180x135.webp 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Invest-in-High-Dividend-Stocks-238x178.webp 238w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" alt="Earning money by Investing in High Dividend Stocks" title="Should You Invest in High Dividend Stocks in Today’s Market?" /></noscript></a></div> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/invest-in-high-dividend-stocks/" rel="bookmark" title="Should You Invest in High Dividend Stocks in Today’s Market?" data-wpel-link="internal">Should You Invest in High Dividend Stocks in Today’s Market?</a></h3> <div class="meta-info"> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2024-11-15T08:43:39+01:00" >November 15, 2024</time></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <aside class="td_block_template_1 widget widget_categories"><h4 class="block-title"><span>Categories</span></h4> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-3"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/animals/" data-wpel-link="internal">Animals</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-6971"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/movies/anime/" data-wpel-link="internal">Anime</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-6624"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/apps/" data-wpel-link="internal">Apps</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-4155"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/beauty/" data-wpel-link="internal">Beauty</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-7352"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/bitcoin/" data-wpel-link="internal">Bitcoin</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-5527"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/blog/" data-wpel-link="internal">Blog</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-4"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/business/" data-wpel-link="internal">Business</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-2442"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/cannabis/" data-wpel-link="internal">Cannabis</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-5"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/cars/" data-wpel-link="internal">Cars</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-5371"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/casino/" data-wpel-link="internal">Casino</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-6"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/couple-time/" data-wpel-link="internal">Couple Time</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-7349"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/crypto/" data-wpel-link="internal">Crypto</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-2661"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/cryptocurrency/" data-wpel-link="internal">Cryptocurrency</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-7"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/education/" data-wpel-link="internal">Education</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-8"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/entertainment/" data-wpel-link="internal">Entertainment</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-3678"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/environment/" data-wpel-link="internal">Environment</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-7132"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/facebook/" data-wpel-link="internal">Facebook</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-2185"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/fashion/" data-wpel-link="internal">Fashion</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-2"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/featured/" data-wpel-link="internal">Featured</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-3168"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/finance/" data-wpel-link="internal">Finance</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-10"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/food/" data-wpel-link="internal">Food</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-9"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/fun/" data-wpel-link="internal">FUN</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-2489"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/gambling/" data-wpel-link="internal">Gambling</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-7080"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/games/" data-wpel-link="internal">Games</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-12"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/gaming/" data-wpel-link="internal">Gaming</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-5205"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/guide/" data-wpel-link="internal">Guide</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-13"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/health/" data-wpel-link="internal">Health</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-3964"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/home/" data-wpel-link="internal">Home</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-14"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/home-garden/" data-wpel-link="internal">Home & Garden</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/how-to/" data-wpel-link="internal">How to …</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-2560"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/internet/" data-wpel-link="internal">Internet</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-10917"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/jewelry/" data-wpel-link="internal">Jewelry</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-3755"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/law/" data-wpel-link="internal">Law</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-820"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/life/" data-wpel-link="internal">Life</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-7895"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/love/" data-wpel-link="internal">Love</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-16"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/man/" data-wpel-link="internal">Man</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-10024"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/marketing/" data-wpel-link="internal">Marketing</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-17"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/markets/" data-wpel-link="internal">Markets</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-3395"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/movies/" data-wpel-link="internal">Movies</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-18"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/music/" data-wpel-link="internal">Music</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-19"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/net-worth/" data-wpel-link="internal">Net Worth</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-10117"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/nicotine-pouches/" data-wpel-link="internal">Nicotine Pouches</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-2584"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/pets/" data-wpel-link="internal">Pets</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-6747"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/real-estate/" data-wpel-link="internal">Real estate</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1410"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/relationships/" data-wpel-link="internal">Relationships</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-4252"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/social-media/" data-wpel-link="internal">Social Media</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-21"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/sponsor/" data-wpel-link="internal">Sponsor</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-22"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/sport/" data-wpel-link="internal">Sport</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-23"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/style/" data-wpel-link="internal">Style</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-24"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/technology/" data-wpel-link="internal">Technology</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-25"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/tip-tricks/" data-wpel-link="internal">Tip & Tricks</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-6066"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/tips/" data-wpel-link="internal">Tips</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-26"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/travel/" data-wpel-link="internal">Travel</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1018"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/trivia/" data-wpel-link="internal">Trivia</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/uncategorized/" data-wpel-link="internal">Uncategorized</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-7557"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/website/" data-wpel-link="internal">Website</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-8473"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/wedding/" data-wpel-link="internal">Wedding</a> </li> </ul> </aside> </div> </div> </div>  </article>  </div> </div>    <div data-wpr-lazyrender="1" class="td-footer-container td-container"> <div class="td-pb-row"> <div class="td-pb-span12"> </div> </div> <div class="td-pb-row"> <div class="td-pb-span4"> <div class="td-footer-info td-pb-padding-side"><div class="footer-logo-wrap"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/" data-wpel-link="internal"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2019/06/scholarlyoa-logo.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20600%20100'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" title="" width="600" height="100" class="webpexpress-processed" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/scholarlyoa-logo.png"><noscript><img src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/scholarlyoa-logo.png" alt="" title="" width="600" height="100" class="webpexpress-processed"></noscript></picture></a></div><div class="footer-text-wrap">Email : <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="3c535a5a555f597c4f5f5453505d4e504553125f5351">[email protected]</a></div><div class="footer-social-wrap td-social-style2"></div></div> </div> <div class="td-pb-span4"> <div class="td_block_wrap td_block_7 tdi_8 td_block_template_1" data-td-block-uid="tdi_8" ><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="rocketlazyloadscript">var block_tdi_8 = new tdBlock(); block_tdi_8.id = "tdi_8"; block_tdi_8.atts = '{"custom_title":"EVEN MORE NEWS","border_top":"no_border_top","limit":3,"block_type":"td_block_7","separator":"","custom_url":"","title_tag":"","block_template_id":"","color_preset":"","m6_tl":"","m6_title_tag":"","post_ids":"-151","category_id":"","category_ids":"","tag_slug":"","autors_id":"","installed_post_types":"","sort":"","offset":"","open_in_new_window":"","show_modified_date":"","video_popup":"","video_rec":"","video_rec_title":"","show_vid_t":"block","el_class":"","td_ajax_filter_type":"","td_ajax_filter_ids":"","td_filter_default_txt":"All","td_ajax_preloading":"","f_header_font_header":"","f_header_font_title":"Block header","f_header_font_settings":"","f_header_font_family":"","f_header_font_size":"","f_header_font_line_height":"","f_header_font_style":"","f_header_font_weight":"","f_header_font_transform":"","f_header_font_spacing":"","f_header_":"","f_ajax_font_title":"Ajax categories","f_ajax_font_settings":"","f_ajax_font_family":"","f_ajax_font_size":"","f_ajax_font_line_height":"","f_ajax_font_style":"","f_ajax_font_weight":"","f_ajax_font_transform":"","f_ajax_font_spacing":"","f_ajax_":"","f_more_font_title":"Load more button","f_more_font_settings":"","f_more_font_family":"","f_more_font_size":"","f_more_font_line_height":"","f_more_font_style":"","f_more_font_weight":"","f_more_font_transform":"","f_more_font_spacing":"","f_more_":"","m6f_title_font_header":"","m6f_title_font_title":"Article title","m6f_title_font_settings":"","m6f_title_font_family":"","m6f_title_font_size":"","m6f_title_font_line_height":"","m6f_title_font_style":"","m6f_title_font_weight":"","m6f_title_font_transform":"","m6f_title_font_spacing":"","m6f_title_":"","m6f_cat_font_title":"Article category tag","m6f_cat_font_settings":"","m6f_cat_font_family":"","m6f_cat_font_size":"","m6f_cat_font_line_height":"","m6f_cat_font_style":"","m6f_cat_font_weight":"","m6f_cat_font_transform":"","m6f_cat_font_spacing":"","m6f_cat_":"","m6f_meta_font_title":"Article meta info","m6f_meta_font_settings":"","m6f_meta_font_family":"","m6f_meta_font_size":"","m6f_meta_font_line_height":"","m6f_meta_font_style":"","m6f_meta_font_weight":"","m6f_meta_font_transform":"","m6f_meta_font_spacing":"","m6f_meta_":"","ajax_pagination":"","ajax_pagination_infinite_stop":"","css":"","tdc_css":"","td_column_number":1,"header_color":"","ajax_pagination_next_prev_swipe":"","class":"tdi_8","tdc_css_class":"tdi_8","tdc_css_class_style":"tdi_8_rand_style"}'; block_tdi_8.td_column_number = "1"; block_tdi_8.block_type = "td_block_7"; block_tdi_8.post_count = "3"; block_tdi_8.found_posts = "4061"; block_tdi_8.header_color = ""; block_tdi_8.ajax_pagination_infinite_stop = ""; block_tdi_8.max_num_pages = "1354"; tdBlocksArray.push(block_tdi_8); </script><h4 class="block-title"><span class="td-pulldown-size">EVEN MORE NEWS</span></h4><div id=tdi_8 class="td_block_inner"> <div class="td-block-span12"> <div class="td_module_6 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack td-cpt-post"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/history-of-bourbon/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="The History of Bourbon – From Its Humble Beginnings to Today’s Icons" data-wpel-link="internal"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-100x75.jpg.webp 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-80x60.jpg.webp 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-180x135.jpg.webp 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-238x178.jpg.webp 238w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" type="image/webp"><img width="100" height="75" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%2075'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-180x135.jpg 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-238x178.jpg 238w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" alt="" title="The History of Bourbon – From Its Humble Beginnings to Today’s Icons" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-100x75.jpg"><noscript><img width="100" height="75" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-100x75.jpg" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-180x135.jpg 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/History-of-Bourbon-238x178.jpg 238w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" alt="" title="The History of Bourbon – From Its Humble Beginnings to Today’s Icons"></noscript></picture></a></div> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/history-of-bourbon/" rel="bookmark" title="The History of Bourbon – From Its Humble Beginnings to Today’s Icons" data-wpel-link="internal">The History of Bourbon – From Its Humble Beginnings to Today’s...</a></h3> <div class="meta-info"> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2024-11-23T14:31:08+01:00" >November 23, 2024</time></span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="td-block-span12"> <div class="td_module_6 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack td-cpt-post"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/dark-side-of-trading/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="The Dark Side of Trading – What You Need to Know About Market Volatility" data-wpel-link="internal"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-100x75.jpg.webp 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-80x60.jpg.webp 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-180x135.jpg.webp 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-238x178.jpg.webp 238w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" type="image/webp"><img width="100" height="75" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%2075'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-180x135.jpg 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-238x178.jpg 238w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" alt="Dark Side of Trading" title="The Dark Side of Trading – What You Need to Know About Market Volatility" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-100x75.jpg"><noscript><img width="100" height="75" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-100x75.jpg" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-180x135.jpg 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dark-Side-of-Trading-238x178.jpg 238w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" alt="Dark Side of Trading" title="The Dark Side of Trading – What You Need to Know About Market Volatility"></noscript></picture></a></div> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/dark-side-of-trading/" rel="bookmark" title="The Dark Side of Trading – What You Need to Know About Market Volatility" data-wpel-link="internal">The Dark Side of Trading – What You Need to Know...</a></h3> <div class="meta-info"> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2024-11-23T14:05:12+01:00" >November 23, 2024</time></span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="td-block-span12"> <div class="td_module_6 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack td-cpt-post"> <div class="td-module-thumb"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/unique-gift-ideas-that-foster-creativity/" rel="bookmark" class="td-image-wrap " title="20 Unique Gift Ideas That Foster Creativity" data-wpel-link="internal"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-100x75.jpg.webp 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-80x60.jpg.webp 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-180x135.jpg.webp 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-238x178.jpg.webp 238w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" type="image/webp"><img width="100" height="75" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%2075'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-180x135.jpg 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-238x178.jpg 238w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" alt="" title="20 Unique Gift Ideas That Foster Creativity" data-lazy-src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-100x75.jpg"><noscript><img width="100" height="75" class="entry-thumb webpexpress-processed" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-100x75.jpg" srcset="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-100x75.jpg 100w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-80x60.jpg 80w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-180x135.jpg 180w, https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gift-Ideas-238x178.jpg 238w" sizes="(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" alt="" title="20 Unique Gift Ideas That Foster Creativity"></noscript></picture></a></div> <div class="item-details"> <h3 class="entry-title td-module-title"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/unique-gift-ideas-that-foster-creativity/" rel="bookmark" title="20 Unique Gift Ideas That Foster Creativity" data-wpel-link="internal">20 Unique Gift Ideas That Foster Creativity</a></h3> <div class="meta-info"> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2024-11-21T09:11:12+01:00" >November 21, 2024</time></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div>  </div> <div class="td-pb-span4"> <div class="td_block_wrap td_block_popular_categories tdi_9 widget widget_categories td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1" data-td-block-uid="tdi_9" ><h4 class="block-title"><span class="td-pulldown-size">POPULAR CATEGORY</span></h4><ul class="td-pb-padding-side"><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/business/" data-wpel-link="internal">Business<span class="td-cat-no">522</span></a></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/education/" data-wpel-link="internal">Education<span class="td-cat-no">417</span></a></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/technology/" data-wpel-link="internal">Technology<span class="td-cat-no">381</span></a></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/cryptocurrency/" data-wpel-link="internal">Cryptocurrency<span class="td-cat-no">290</span></a></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/casino/" data-wpel-link="internal">Casino<span class="td-cat-no">264</span></a></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/tip-tricks/" data-wpel-link="internal">Tip & Tricks<span class="td-cat-no">262</span></a></li><li><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/category/health/" data-wpel-link="internal">Health<span class="td-cat-no">253</span></a></li></ul></div>  </div> </div> </div>  <div data-wpr-lazyrender="1" class="td-sub-footer-container td-container td-container-border "> <div class="td-pb-row"> <div class="td-pb-span8 td-sub-footer-menu"> <div class="td-pb-padding-side"> <div class="menu-footer-menu-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu" class="td-subfooter-menu"><li id="menu-item-42898" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-first td-menu-item td-normal-menu menu-item-42898"><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/contact-us/" data-wpel-link="internal">Contact us</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="td-pb-span4 td-sub-footer-copy"> <div class="td-pb-padding-side"> © Newsmag WordPress Theme by TagDiv </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <script type="text/javascript" id="rocket-browser-checker-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ "use strict";var _createClass=function(){function defineProperties(target,props){for(var i=0;i<props.length;i++){var descriptor=props[i];descriptor.enumerable=descriptor.enumerable||!1,descriptor.configurable=!0,"value"in descriptor&&(descriptor.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(target,descriptor.key,descriptor)}}return function(Constructor,protoProps,staticProps){return protoProps&&defineProperties(Constructor.prototype,protoProps),staticProps&&defineProperties(Constructor,staticProps),Constructor}}();function _classCallCheck(instance,Constructor){if(!(instance instanceof Constructor))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}var RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker=function(){function RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker(options){_classCallCheck(this,RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker),this.passiveSupported=!1,this._checkPassiveOption(this),this.options=!!this.passiveSupported&&options}return _createClass(RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker,[{key:"_checkPassiveOption",value:function(self){try{var options={get passive(){return!(self.passiveSupported=!0)}};window.addEventListener("test",null,options),window.removeEventListener("test",null,options)}catch(err){self.passiveSupported=!1}}},{key:"initRequestIdleCallback",value:function(){!1 in window&&(window.requestIdleCallback=function(cb){var start=Date.now();return setTimeout(function(){cb({didTimeout:!1,timeRemaining:function(){return Math.max(0,50-(Date.now()-start))}})},1)}),!1 in window&&(window.cancelIdleCallback=function(id){return clearTimeout(id)})}},{key:"isDataSaverModeOn",value:function(){return"connection"in navigator&&!0===navigator.connection.saveData}},{key:"supportsLinkPrefetch",value:function(){var elem=document.createElement("link");return elem.relList&&elem.relList.supports&&elem.relList.supports("prefetch")&&window.IntersectionObserver&&"isIntersecting"in IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype}},{key:"isSlowConnection",value:function(){return"connection"in navigator&&"effectiveType"in navigator.connection&&("2g"===navigator.connection.effectiveType||"slow-2g"===navigator.connection.effectiveType)}}]),RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker}(); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rocket-preload-links-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var RocketPreloadLinksConfig = {"excludeUris":"\/(?:.+\/)?feed(?:\/(?:.+\/?)?)?$|\/(?:.+\/)?embed\/|\/(index.php\/)?(.*)wp-json(\/.*|$)|\/refer\/|\/go\/|\/recommend\/|\/recommends\/","usesTrailingSlash":"1","imageExt":"jpg|jpeg|gif|png|tiff|bmp|webp|avif|pdf|doc|docx|xls|xlsx|php","fileExt":"jpg|jpeg|gif|png|tiff|bmp|webp|avif|pdf|doc|docx|xls|xlsx|php|html|htm","siteUrl":"https:\/\/scholarlyo.com","onHoverDelay":"100","rateThrottle":"3"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rocket-preload-links-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { "use strict";var r="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(e){return typeof e}:function(e){return e&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&e.constructor===Symbol&&e!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof e},e=function(){function i(e,t){for(var n=0;n<t.length;n++){var i=t[n];i.enumerable=i.enumerable||!1,i.configurable=!0,"value"in i&&(i.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(e,i.key,i)}}return function(e,t,n){return t&&i(e.prototype,t),n&&i(e,n),e}}();function i(e,t){if(!(e instanceof t))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}var t=function(){function n(e,t){i(this,n),this.browser=e,this.config=t,this.options=this.browser.options,this.prefetched=new Set,this.eventTime=null,this.threshold=1111,this.numOnHover=0}return e(n,[{key:"init",value:function(){!this.browser.supportsLinkPrefetch()||this.browser.isDataSaverModeOn()||this.browser.isSlowConnection()||(this.regex={excludeUris:RegExp(this.config.excludeUris,"i"),images:RegExp(".("+this.config.imageExt+")$","i"),fileExt:RegExp(".("+this.config.fileExt+")$","i")},this._initListeners(this))}},{key:"_initListeners",value:function(e){-1<this.config.onHoverDelay&&document.addEventListener("mouseover",e.listener.bind(e),e.listenerOptions),document.addEventListener("mousedown",e.listener.bind(e),e.listenerOptions),document.addEventListener("touchstart",e.listener.bind(e),e.listenerOptions)}},{key:"listener",value:function(e){var t=e.target.closest("a"),n=this._prepareUrl(t);if(null!==n)switch(e.type){case"mousedown":case"touchstart":this._addPrefetchLink(n);break;case"mouseover":this._earlyPrefetch(t,n,"mouseout")}}},{key:"_earlyPrefetch",value:function(t,e,n){var i=this,r=setTimeout(function(){if(r=null,0===i.numOnHover)setTimeout(function(){return i.numOnHover=0},1e3);else if(i.numOnHover>i.config.rateThrottle)return;i.numOnHover++,i._addPrefetchLink(e)},this.config.onHoverDelay);t.addEventListener(n,function e(){t.removeEventListener(n,e,{passive:!0}),null!==r&&(clearTimeout(r),r=null)},{passive:!0})}},{key:"_addPrefetchLink",value:function(i){return this.prefetched.add(i.href),new Promise(function(e,t){var n=document.createElement("link");n.rel="prefetch",n.href=i.href,n.onload=e,n.onerror=t,document.head.appendChild(n)}).catch(function(){})}},{key:"_prepareUrl",value:function(e){if(null===e||"object"!==(void 0===e?"undefined":r(e))||!1 in e||-1===["http:","https:"].indexOf(e.protocol))return null;var t=e.href.substring(0,this.config.siteUrl.length),n=this._getPathname(e.href,t),i={original:e.href,protocol:e.protocol,origin:t,pathname:n,href:t+n};return this._isLinkOk(i)?i:null}},{key:"_getPathname",value:function(e,t){var n=t?e.substring(this.config.siteUrl.length):e;return n.startsWith("/")||(n="/"+n),this._shouldAddTrailingSlash(n)?n+"/":n}},{key:"_shouldAddTrailingSlash",value:function(e){return this.config.usesTrailingSlash&&!e.endsWith("/")&&!this.regex.fileExt.test(e)}},{key:"_isLinkOk",value:function(e){return null!==e&&"object"===(void 0===e?"undefined":r(e))&&(!this.prefetched.has(e.href)&&e.origin===this.config.siteUrl&&-1===e.href.indexOf("?")&&-1===e.href.indexOf("#")&&!this.regex.excludeUris.test(e.href)&&!this.regex.images.test(e.href))}}],[{key:"run",value:function(){"undefined"!=typeof RocketPreloadLinksConfig&&new n(new RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker({capture:!0,passive:!0}),RocketPreloadLinksConfig).init()}}]),n}();t.run(); }()); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/plugins/td-composer/legacy/Newsmag/js/tagdiv_theme.min.js?ver=5.4.3.1" id="td-site-min-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script>  <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" async data-rocket-src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-3FSCFR9SVQ"></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-3FSCFR9SVQ'); </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var aawp_geotargeting_settings = {"store":"com","mode":"title"}; var aawp_geotargeting_localized_stores = {"ca":"ca","de":"de","at":"de","ch":"de","es":"es","fr":"fr","nl":"nl","in":"in","it":"it","mx":"com.mx","gb":"co.uk","ie":"co.uk"}; var aawp_geotargeting_tracking_ids = {"ca":"thefriskuca0c-20","de":"drugiputdtch-21","fr":"francuzilosim-21","in":"jaxtr-21","it":"italijacure-21","com.mx":"meksikositi-20","nl":"tripsneder-21","es":"spanija-21","co.uk":"slabopricam-21"}; /* ]]> */ </script>  <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript" id="td-generated-footer-js"> </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript">var td_res_context_registered_atts=[];</script> <div data-wpr-lazyrender="1" class="wpautoterms-footer"><p> <a href="https://scholarlyo.com/wpautoterms/terms-and-conditions/" data-wpel-link="internal">Terms and Conditions</a><span class="separator"> - </span><a href="https://scholarlyo.com/wpautoterms/privacy-policy/" data-wpel-link="internal">Privacy Policy</a></p> </div><script>window.lazyLoadOptions=[{elements_selector:"img[data-lazy-src],.rocket-lazyload,iframe[data-lazy-src]",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,callback_loaded:function(element){if(element.tagName==="IFRAME"&&element.dataset.rocketLazyload=="fitvidscompatible"){if(element.classList.contains("lazyloaded")){if(typeof window.jQuery!="undefined"){if(jQuery.fn.fitVids){jQuery(element).parent().fitVids()}}}}}},{elements_selector:".rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,}];window.addEventListener('LazyLoad::Initialized',function(e){var lazyLoadInstance=e.detail.instance;if(window.MutationObserver){var observer=new MutationObserver(function(mutations){var image_count=0;var iframe_count=0;var rocketlazy_count=0;mutations.forEach(function(mutation){for(var i=0;i<mutation.addedNodes.length;i++){if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName!=='function'){continue} if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName!=='function'){continue} images=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('img');is_image=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IMG";iframes=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('iframe');is_iframe=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IFRAME";rocket_lazy=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName('rocket-lazyload');image_count+=images.length;iframe_count+=iframes.length;rocketlazy_count+=rocket_lazy.length;if(is_image){image_count+=1} if(is_iframe){iframe_count+=1}}});if(image_count>0||iframe_count>0||rocketlazy_count>0){lazyLoadInstance.update()}});var b=document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];var config={childList:!0,subtree:!0};observer.observe(b,config)}},!1)</script><script data-no-minify="1" async src="https://scholarlyo.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-rocket/assets/js/lazyload/17.8.3/lazyload.min.js"></script><script>function lazyLoadThumb(e,alt,l){var t='<img data-lazy-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/ID/hqdefault.webp" alt="" width="480" height="360"><noscript><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/ID/hqdefault.webp" alt="" width="480" height="360"></noscript>',a='<button class="play" aria-label="play Youtube video"></button>';if(l){t=t.replace('data-lazy-','');t=t.replace('loading="lazy"','');t=t.replace(/<noscript>.*?<\/noscript>/g,'');}t=t.replace('alt=""','alt="'+alt+'"');return t.replace("ID",e)+a}function lazyLoadYoutubeIframe(){var e=document.createElement("iframe"),t="ID?autoplay=1";t+=0===this.parentNode.dataset.query.length?"":"&"+this.parentNode.dataset.query;e.setAttribute("src",t.replace("ID",this.parentNode.dataset.src)),e.setAttribute("frameborder","0"),e.setAttribute("allowfullscreen","1"),e.setAttribute("allow","accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture"),this.parentNode.parentNode.replaceChild(e,this.parentNode)}document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){var exclusions=[];var e,t,p,u,l,a=document.getElementsByClassName("rll-youtube-player");for(t=0;t<a.length;t++)(e=document.createElement("div")),(u='https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/ID/hqdefault.webp'),(u=u.replace('ID',a[t].dataset.id)),(l=exclusions.some(exclusion=>u.includes(exclusion))),e.setAttribute("data-id",a[t].dataset.id),e.setAttribute("data-query",a[t].dataset.query),e.setAttribute("data-src",a[t].dataset.src),(e.innerHTML=lazyLoadThumb(a[t].dataset.id,a[t].dataset.alt,l)),a[t].appendChild(e),(p=e.querySelector(".play")),(p.onclick=lazyLoadYoutubeIframe)});</script> </body> </html>