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ArticleBodyTile"><section class="Article__Column Article__Column--main"><article class="Article__Wrapper"><script type="application/ld+json">{"mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/bessie-coleman","@type":"WebPage"},"headline":"Bessie Coleman","image":{"width":1600,"height":900,"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/cdc837bf-bbc6-4f94-aa8a-060088bbc5b6/coleman_portrait_16x9.jpg?w=1200"},"mentions":[],"datePublished":"2021-01-28T15:31:12.000Z","dateModified":"2021-02-16T02:02:39.126Z","author":[{"name":"Nicholas St. Fleur","url":"","@type":"Person"}],"dateline":"","articleSection":"History","about":{"@type":"Thing","name":"African Americans"},"publisher":{"name":"National Geographic Kids","logo":{"url":"https://assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/static/logos/kids-logo.svg","height":60,"width":150,"@type":"ImageObject"},"@type":"Organization"},"alternativeHeadline":"","keywords":"bessie coleman, african-americans, private spaceflight, history and civilization","description":"How this pilot inspired people to fly to greater heights","@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle"}</script><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="ad-wrapper"><div data-box-type="fitt-adbox-pixel"><div class="Ad pixel pixel ad-slot" data-slot-type="pixel" data-collapse-before-load="true" data-slot-kvps="pos=pixel"></div></div></div><div class="ResponsiveWrapper"><aside class="InlineElement InlineElement--content-width InlineElement--desktop InlineImage ArticleBodyTile__Lead" aria-label="Image Lead"><div class="CopyrightImage"><figure class="Image aspect-ratio--parent InlineImage--image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto"></div><div class="Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative"><picture><source srcSet="https://i.natgeofe.com/k/a0dec57f-b55c-44e2-b3be-3375d9b18799/coleman_plane.jpg?w=374&h=266, https://i.natgeofe.com/k/a0dec57f-b55c-44e2-b3be-3375d9b18799/coleman_plane.jpg?w=748&h=532 2x" media="(max-width: 374px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.natgeofe.com/k/a0dec57f-b55c-44e2-b3be-3375d9b18799/coleman_plane.jpg?w=413&h=294, https://i.natgeofe.com/k/a0dec57f-b55c-44e2-b3be-3375d9b18799/coleman_plane.jpg?w=826&h=588 2x" media="(max-width: 413px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.natgeofe.com/k/a0dec57f-b55c-44e2-b3be-3375d9b18799/coleman_plane.jpg?w=718&h=511, https://i.natgeofe.com/k/a0dec57f-b55c-44e2-b3be-3375d9b18799/coleman_plane.jpg?w=1436&h=1022 2x" media="(min-width: 414px)"/><img alt="" class="" data-mptype="image" src="https://i.natgeofe.com/k/a0dec57f-b55c-44e2-b3be-3375d9b18799/coleman_plane.jpg?w=374&h=266"/></picture></div><figcaption><div class="Caption__Wrapper"><div class="Caption Caption--hideEndBug"><div class="Caption__TextWrapper"><div class="Caption__Text" aria-live="polite"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span><span class="RichText">Bessie Coleman flew biplanes like this one in the 1920s.</span></span></span></div></div><span aria-label="Photograph by Michael Ochs Archives / Getty Images" class="RichText Caption__Credit">Photograph by Michael Ochs Archives / Getty Images</span></div></div></figcaption></figure><div class="Image__Copyright" style="top:0">Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.</div></div></aside></div><div class="ArticleBodyTile__LeadSeparator"></div><div class="ResponsiveWrapper"><header class="Article__Header"><ul class="SectionLabelWrapper"><li class="SectionLabel SectionLabel--link"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" href="https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/history/topic/african-american-heroes"><span>African American Heroes</span></a></li></ul><div class="Article__Header__Branding"></div><div class="Article__Headline"><h1 class="Article__Headline__Title">Bessie Coleman</h1><p class="Article__Headline__Desc">How this pilot inspired people to fly to greater heights</p></div><div class="Article__Headeer__Interactives"></div><div class="Article__Header__Meta Article__Header__Meta--spacing-bottom Article__Header__Meta--noShare"><section class="Byline flex items-center"><div class="Byline__Content"><div aria-label="By Nicholas St. Fleur" class="Byline__Group"><span class="Byline__ByCopy" aria-hidden="true">By</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="Byline__AuthorRow"><span class="Byline__AuthorContainer"><span class="Byline__Author ">Nicholas St. Fleur</span></span></span></div></div></section></div></header></div><section class="Article__Content"><div><p>The skies had never seen a pilot like Bessie Coleman before. She was the first African-American woman to obtain an international pilot’s license, soaring to new heights that Black people in the United States had never reached before. But as a Black woman in the 1920s, she faced many obstacles because of her race and gender. She would say that “the air is the only place free from prejudice.”</p><div class="ResponsiveWrapper"><aside class="InlineElement InlineElement--left InlineElement--below-paragraph InlineElement--desktop InlineImage" aria-label="Image"><div class="CopyrightImage"><figure class="Image aspect-ratio--parent InlineImage--image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto"></div><div class="Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative"><img alt="" class="" data-mptype="image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7"/></div><figcaption><div class="Caption__Wrapper"><div class="Caption"><div class="Caption__TextWrapper"><div class="Caption__Text" aria-live="polite"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span><span class="RichText">Bessie Coleman</span></span></span></div></div><span aria-label="Photograph by Fotosearch / Getty Images" class="RichText Caption__Credit">Photograph by Fotosearch / Getty Images</span></div></div></figcaption></figure><div class="Image__Copyright" style="top:0">Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.</div></div></aside></div><p>Coleman was born in Atlanta, <a href="https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/states/article/texas" target="_blank">Texas</a>, on January 26, 1892, the 10th of 13 children. Her mother was African American, and her father’s ancestors were Black and Choctaw, a Native American people; they were both sharecroppers who picked cotton for a landowner.</p><p>When she was young, her family moved to Waxahachie, Texas, where she attended segregated schools (meaning Black children went to separate schools, which usually weren’t as good as schools for white children). She enrolled in Oklahoma Colored Agricultural and Normal University in 1910 but had to drop out because she didn’t have the money to pay for school. </p><p>She eventually moved to Chicago, <a href="https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/states/article/illinois" target="_blank">Illinois</a>, in 1915 and worked in a barber shop painting fingernails. When her brother John returned from fighting in <a href="https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/countries/article/france" target="_blank">France</a> during World War I, he told stories of the freedom that women overseas enjoyed. They could be pilots, he said. That sparked Bessie’s new dream: to be an aviatrix.</p><p>She saved up money and applied to U.S. flight schools. But every school rejected her because she was Black and a woman. Finally, Robert Abbott, the publisher of an African-American newspaper called the <i>Chicago Defender,</i> suggested she try schools in France. She learned French, left the <a href="https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/countries/article/united-states" target="_blank">United States</a>, and enrolled in the Cauldron Brothers’ School of Aviation in Le Crotoy, France. She earned her international pilot’s license on June 15, 1921, within a year of enrolling. Afterward she studied stunt flying across <a href="https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/videos/destination-world/#/1252869187998" target="_blank">Europe</a>.</p><div class="ResponsiveWrapper"><aside class="InlineElement InlineElement--below-paragraph InlineElement--page-width InlineElement--desktop InlineImage" aria-label="Image"><div class="CopyrightImage"><figure class="Image aspect-ratio--parent InlineImage--image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto"></div><div class="Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative"><img alt="Bessie Coleman (1892-1926). Portrait of the pioneering aviator in 1925." class="" data-mptype="image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7"/></div><figcaption><div class="Caption__Wrapper"><div class="Caption"><div class="Caption__TextWrapper"><div class="Caption__Text" aria-live="polite"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span><span class="RichText">Bessie Coleman operates a flight radio in Chicago, Illinois.</span></span></span></div></div><span aria-label="Photograph by IanDagnall Computing / Alamy" class="RichText Caption__Credit">Photograph by IanDagnall Computing / Alamy</span></div></div></figcaption></figure><div class="Image__Copyright" style="top:0">Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.</div></div></aside></div><p>When she returned to the United States in 1922 as an aerial acrobat, Coleman amazed Black and white audiences with her daredevil feats. Known as “Queen Bess” and “Brave Bessie,” she would do loops, barrel rolls, and figure eights in her plane—she’d even walk on the wings and parachute out. She also used her fame to fight racism and segregation, refusing to fly in shows that forced Black and white spectators to enter through separate gates.</p><p>In 1923, Coleman survived a bad accident that left her with a broken leg and ribs. But soon she recovered and started doing stunts at air shows again. Her goal was to open a school for Black pilots, but she never completed that dream. On April 30, 1926, she died in another plane accident caused by a loose wrench lodging into the engine’s controls. But her courageous feats of flight have inspired a fleet of Black women pilots who came after her and journeyed to the sky.</p></div></section><div class="ResponsiveWrapper"><div class="Article__Footer"><div class="Article__Footer--items flex flex-wrap flex-no-wrap items-center justify-between"></div><div class="StoryDivider StoryDivider--noLogo"><hr/><hr/></div></div></div></article></section><section class="Article__Column Article__Column--sidebar"><div class="ArticleStickiness"><div class="ArticleStickiness__Sticky-Section" style="height:250px;top:20px"><div class="ArticleStickiness__Offset-Manager"><div class="ArticleStickiness__Sticky-Element ArticleStickiness__Sticky-Element--fade-in"></div></div></div></div></section></div></div></div></div><div></div><div class="FrameBackgroundFull"><div class="FrameBackgroundFull__BackgroundImage" aria-hidden="true"><div class="BackgroundImage"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--16x9"></div></div></div><div class="GeneralContainer"><div 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She was the first African-American woman to obtain an international pilot’s license, soaring to new heights that Black people in the United States had never reached before. But as a Black woman in the 1920s, she faced many obstacles because of her race and gender. She would say that “the air is the only place free from prejudice.”"},"type":"p","style":{}},{"id":"inline-1","cntnt":{"cmsType":"image","hasCopyright":true,"id":"inline-1","lines":3,"positionMetaBottom":true,"showMore":true,"caption":"Bessie Coleman","credit":"Photograph by Fotosearch / Getty Images","image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":0.7883333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/cdc837bf-bbc6-4f94-aa8a-060088bbc5b6/coleman_portrait.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/cdc837bf-bbc6-4f94-aa8a-060088bbc5b6/coleman_portrait_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/cdc837bf-bbc6-4f94-aa8a-060088bbc5b6/coleman_portrait_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/cdc837bf-bbc6-4f94-aa8a-060088bbc5b6/coleman_portrait_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/cdc837bf-bbc6-4f94-aa8a-060088bbc5b6/coleman_portrait_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/cdc837bf-bbc6-4f94-aa8a-060088bbc5b6/coleman_portrait_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/cdc837bf-bbc6-4f94-aa8a-060088bbc5b6/coleman_portrait_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/cdc837bf-bbc6-4f94-aa8a-060088bbc5b6/coleman_portrait_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/cdc837bf-bbc6-4f94-aa8a-060088bbc5b6/coleman_portrait.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/cdc837bf-bbc6-4f94-aa8a-060088bbc5b6/coleman_portrait.jpg","crdt":"Photograph by Fotosearch / Getty Images","dsc":"Bessie Coleman","ttl":"Coleman Portrait"},"align":"left","belowParagraph":true,"imageSrc":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/cdc837bf-bbc6-4f94-aa8a-060088bbc5b6/coleman_portrait_16x9.jpg?w=636&h=358","size":"x-small","hideTitle":true,"hideCredit":false},"type":"inline","style":{}},{"id":"html1","cntnt":{"mrkup":"Coleman was born in Atlanta, <a href=\"https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/states/article/texas\" target=\"_blank\">Texas</a>, on January 26, 1892, the 10th of 13 children. Her mother was African American, and her father’s ancestors were Black and Choctaw, a Native American people; they were both sharecroppers who picked cotton for a landowner."},"type":"p","style":{}},{"id":"html2","cntnt":{"mrkup":"When she was young, her family moved to Waxahachie, Texas, where she attended segregated schools (meaning Black children went to separate schools, which usually weren’t as good as schools for white children). She enrolled in Oklahoma Colored Agricultural and Normal University in 1910 but had to drop out because she didn’t have the money to pay for school. "},"type":"p","style":{}},{"id":"html3","cntnt":{"mrkup":"She eventually moved to Chicago, <a href=\"https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/states/article/illinois\" target=\"_blank\">Illinois</a>, in 1915 and worked in a barber shop painting fingernails. When her brother John returned from fighting in <a href=\"https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/countries/article/france\" target=\"_blank\">France</a> during World War I, he told stories of the freedom that women overseas enjoyed. They could be pilots, he said. That sparked Bessie’s new dream: to be an aviatrix."},"type":"p","style":{}},{"id":"html4","cntnt":{"mrkup":"She saved up money and applied to U.S. flight schools. But every school rejected her because she was Black and a woman. Finally, Robert Abbott, the publisher of an African-American newspaper called the <i>Chicago Defender,</i> suggested she try schools in France. She learned French, left the <a href=\"https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/countries/article/united-states\" target=\"_blank\">United States</a>, and enrolled in the Cauldron Brothers’ School of Aviation in Le Crotoy, France. She earned her international pilot’s license on June 15, 1921, within a year of enrolling. Afterward she studied stunt flying across <a href=\"https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/videos/destination-world/#/1252869187998\" target=\"_blank\">Europe</a>."},"type":"p","style":{}},{"id":"inline-2","cntnt":{"cmsType":"image","hasCopyright":true,"id":"inline-2","lines":3,"positionMetaBottom":true,"showMore":true,"caption":"Bessie Coleman operates a flight radio in Chicago, Illinois.","credit":"Photograph by IanDagnall Computing / Alamy","image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":0.975,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/679cb703-86ea-4b94-b3b2-3d061eb51a37/coleman_radio.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/679cb703-86ea-4b94-b3b2-3d061eb51a37/coleman_radio_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/679cb703-86ea-4b94-b3b2-3d061eb51a37/coleman_radio_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/679cb703-86ea-4b94-b3b2-3d061eb51a37/coleman_radio_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/679cb703-86ea-4b94-b3b2-3d061eb51a37/coleman_radio_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/679cb703-86ea-4b94-b3b2-3d061eb51a37/coleman_radio_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/679cb703-86ea-4b94-b3b2-3d061eb51a37/coleman_radio_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/679cb703-86ea-4b94-b3b2-3d061eb51a37/coleman_radio_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/679cb703-86ea-4b94-b3b2-3d061eb51a37/coleman_radio.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/679cb703-86ea-4b94-b3b2-3d061eb51a37/coleman_radio.jpg","altText":"Bessie Coleman (1892-1926). Portrait of the pioneering aviator in 1925.","crdt":"Photograph by IanDagnall Computing / Alamy","dsc":"Bessie Coleman operates a flight radio in Chicago, Illinois.","ttl":"Coleman Radio"},"imageAlt":"Bessie Coleman (1892-1926). Portrait of the pioneering aviator in 1925.","align":"pageWidth","belowParagraph":true,"imageSrc":"https://i.natgeofe.com/k/679cb703-86ea-4b94-b3b2-3d061eb51a37/coleman_radio_16x9.jpg?w=636&h=358","size":"medium","hideTitle":true,"hideCredit":false},"type":"inline","style":{}},{"id":"html5","cntnt":{"mrkup":"When she returned to the United States in 1922 as an aerial acrobat, Coleman amazed Black and white audiences with her daredevil feats. Known as “Queen Bess” and “Brave Bessie,” she would do loops, barrel rolls, and figure eights in her plane—she’d even walk on the wings and parachute out. She also used her fame to fight racism and segregation, refusing to fly in shows that forced Black and white spectators to enter through separate gates."},"type":"p","style":{}},{"id":"html6","cntnt":{"mrkup":"In 1923, Coleman survived a bad accident that left her with a broken leg and ribs. But soon she recovered and started doing stunts at air shows again. Her goal was to open a school for Black pilots, but she never completed that dream. On April 30, 1926, she died in another plane accident caused by a loose wrench lodging into the engine’s controls. But her courageous feats of flight have inspired a fleet of Black women pilots who came after her and journeyed to the sky."},"type":"p","style":{}}],"cid":"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:40b24cc3-b1e4-421e-aab9-9bd4a4de97e2","cntrbGrp":[{"contributors":[{"displayName":"Nicholas St. Fleur"}],"title":"By","rl":"Writer"}],"mode":"richtext","dscrptn":"How this pilot inspired people to fly to greater heights","enableAds":true,"isMetered":false,"isUserAuthed":false,"isTruncated":false,"isEntitled":false,"freemiumContentGatingEnabled":false,"premiumContentGatingEnabled":false,"ldMda":{"cmsType":"image","hasCopyright":true,"id":"a0dec57f-b55c-44e2-b3be-3375d9b18799","lines":3,"positionMetaBottom":true,"showMore":true,"caption":"Bessie Coleman flew biplanes like this one in the 1920s.","credit":"Photograph by Michael Ochs Archives / Getty 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