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 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <title>日本：福岛核事故已过一年，日本政府应对措施仍不到位 | Human Rights Watch</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <script type="text/javascript">var _sf_startpt=(new Date()).getTime()</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513043308js_/http://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/web/20130513043308im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/all/themes/hrw/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513043308/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2012/03/09"/> <meta name="keywords" content="Asia,Japan,海啸，日本，福岛,Environment,Health"/> <meta name="copyright" content="Human Rights Watch"/> <meta name="description" content="（东京）- 国际组织人权观察今天表示，许多福岛县居民对食品和环境的辐射水平仍缺乏基本信息及明确答案。人权观察于2012年3月11发表关于灾民的图片故事，纪念福岛核事故一周年。福岛第一核电站爆炸事故被认为是切尔诺贝利核事故以来最严重的辐射危机，尽管如此，许多福岛居民表示孩子仍未能接受辐射水平检查。他们还对人权观察说，日本政府提供关于辐射对人体健康的影响的信息存有矛盾。"/> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20130513043308cs_/http://www.hrw.org/modules/search/search.css?v"/> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20130513043308cs_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css_6c83f747c843d88cab2c29d54662b761_0.css"/>   <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20130513043308js_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js_829136510e6e3e9c403b767b4b75aeae_2.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Human Rights Watch - News" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513043308/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/rss/news"> </head> <body class="hrw not-front not-logged-in page-node node-type-news 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href="/web/20130513043308/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2012/03/09" title="日本：福岛核事故已过一年，日本政府应对措施仍不到位">日本：福岛核事故已过一年，日本政府应对措施仍不到位</a> </h6> </div> <h6 class="node-subtitle">日本政府应披露关于健康和食品安全详情</h6> <div class="info"> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">2012年03月09年</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513043308/http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fzh-hans%2Fnews%2F2012%2F03%2F09&count=horizontal&via=&text=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%9A%E7%A6%8F%E5%B2%9B%E6%A0%B8%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85%E5%B7%B2%E8%BF%87%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8C%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%BA%94%E5%AF%B9%E6%8E%AA%E6%96%BD%E4%BB%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%B0%E4%BD%8D&counturl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fzh-hans%2Fnews%2F2012%2F03%2F09" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow"><span 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<div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 东日本受到强震、海啸和核灾三重打击，日本政府有困难应付，想必任何政府在这种情况下也会如此。但事情已经过了一年了，福岛居民有权知道他们的食品是否安全，孩子是否还暴露在危险辐射水平下。 </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 土井香苗，人权观察日本部主任 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p>（东京）<span face="">- </span>国际组织人权观察今天表示，许多福岛县居民对食品和环境的辐射水平仍缺乏基本信息及明确答案。人权观察于2012年3月11发表关于灾民的图片故事，纪念福岛核事故一周年。</p> <p>福岛第一核电站爆炸事故被认为是切尔诺贝利核事故以来最严重的辐射危机，尽管如此，许多福岛居民表示孩子仍未能接受辐射水平检查。他们还对人权观察说，日本政府提供关于辐射对人体健康的影响的信息存有矛盾。</p> <p>人权观察日本部主任<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513043308/http://www.hrw.org/bios/kanae-doi"><u>土井香苗</u></a>说：“东日本受到强震、海啸和核灾三重打击，日本政府有困难应付，想必任何政府在这种情况下也会如此。但事情已经过了一年了，福岛居民有权知道他们的食品是否安全，孩子是否还暴露在危险辐射水平下。”</p> <p>人权观察在强制疏散区周边的<span face="">4</span>个城市与灾民进行面谈，调查他们获取医疗保健和信息的情况、生活条件以及事故对他们维持生计产生的影响。人权观察还拍受访者个照，再配搭他们的证词，组成了图片故事，其中许多人为获取关于子女健康、食品和饮水供应安全的资讯，正面临着诸多困难。</p> <p>一名父亲告诉人权观察：“一想到孩子，就想尽快完成这些体检，那我就可以告诉她们一切安然无恙，身体健康。但是个人能力所及，也仅此而已。我就希望当局能采取果断的行动。”</p> <p><span face="">2011</span>年<span face="">3</span>月<span face="">11</span>日，日本东北部海域发生<span face="">9</span>级地震，引发海啸朝内陆行进<span face="">10</span>公里。海啸侵袭之后，福岛第一核电站失去电力供应，海水冲入备用发电机房，导致３座反应炉内部燃料过热熔毁，造成核物质泄漏至周围地区。</p> <p>日本政府在福岛第一核电站方圆<span face="">20</span>公里内设立强制疏散区，并呼吁居住在另一处辐射水平已达至少<span face="">20 mSv /year</span>的地区居民也撤离。虽然日本政府宣布疏散区以外的所有地区均属安全，但据东京官员所记载，在核电站<span face="">200</span>公里以外的地区的<span face="">cesium-137</span>水平升高，与核站方圆<span face="">20</span>公里禁区内的相同。</p> <p>令福岛县居民关注的另一问题即食品安全。县政府已向居民保证，食品上市前已经过检验。但人权观察指出，政府仍未确立一个系统化的程序，以测量当地食品的辐射水平、公布测量结果。</p> <p>与人权观察进行面谈的福岛居民表示，他们已开始自身进行辐射检查。<br/> <br/> <span face=""> “</span>无论是中央政府还是县政府，都没提供足够的信息，让居民了解他们所面临的风险，”土井香苗说。“政府一方面说大家可以安全饮用自来水，另一方面又说儿童应该只喝瓶装水。家长们都无法清楚了解真正的风险程度。”</p> <p>家长们告诉人权观察，虽然许多学校提供辐射检测器，测量孩童现有的辐射水平，但要让孩子检查是否已受到辐射影响，却非常困难。县政府已宣布计划让全县的<span face="">36</span>万名<span face="">18岁以</span>下居民接受甲状腺检查，但检测的实施详情尚未明朗。县政府非但未策划让所有儿童接受辐射水平检查，反而进行一次问卷调查，向福岛居民询问灾后进行的活动，以便确定每个儿童的风险水平。人权观察指出，家长是否能记得孩子几个月前吃的、做的，以及这些报告的准确性，均让人质疑。</p> <p>除辐射污染作业预计将耗资<span face="">1</span>万亿日元（约<span face="">130</span>亿美元），但日本政府尚未订立详细计划以确认除污染作业的流程、日期及地点。不少福岛居民认为，政府采取的上述措施不够完善；他们同时也为健康受损、丧失家园以及生计等问题求偿。</p> <p>家长们要求以更直接的方式检查孩子接触辐射对健康造成的影响，并从实际体检着手，如尿液检查和全身计数检查（<span face="">whole body counts）</span>，从中取得关于辐射水平的明确信息。</p> <p>依据日本签署的两项联合国公约《公民及政治权利国际公约》<span face="">(International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) </span>以及《儿童权利公约》（<span face=""> Convention on the Rights of theChild)</span>，日本有义务保护儿童健康、提供有关健康的信息和确保儿童能获取健保。根据国际法，政府是否能提供健康服务得依赖可用的资源，但绝不能对健康信息加以任意审查或隐瞒。</p> <p><span face="">“</span>日本政府应该以儿童的健康和安全为首要任务，却从没为灾民充分解说进行除污染和体检的计划,”土井香苗说。“要让人们对政府恢复信任和信心，政府应该实行更严格的问责制，加强透明度。可以从提供更明确关于过去和现行的健康风险信息开始。”</p> <p><br/> <strong>受访者</strong><strong>证词</strong></p> <p>“私人诊所的辐射水平检查费非常昂贵，还听说等候名单上已经有200到300人。不知道什么时候才能轮到我的孩子。一想到孩子，就想尽快完成这些体检，那我就可以告诉她们一切安然无恙，身体健康。但是个人能力所及，也仅此而已。我就希望当局能采取果断的行动…最担心的是我这两个女儿的未来。”</p> <ul> <li> 一名拥有<span face="">12</span>岁双胞胎女儿的父亲。他们一家居住在郡山市，距离福岛第一核电站约<span face="">60</span>公里</li> </ul> <p>“有些母亲已经决定搬走了，有些搬了后又回来，还有一些人决定留在福岛。无论做了什么决定，谁都没有把握他们的选择是对的。有人问：‘你准备牺牲健康留在福岛上生活吗？’说真的，我不知道。我不知道做的决定是不是正确的。我再也不能相信任何消息了。”</p> <p><span face="">-- </span>一名<span face="">5</span>岁男孩的母亲。他们居住在福岛市，离福岛第一核站约<span face="">60</span>公里</p> <p>“人们得到的消息不多。当地报纸经常相信和接受县政府所说的一切。虽然全国各报纸有报道，但本地人少有接触，而网络上有太多不可靠的信息。”</p> <div> <p><span face="">-- </span>南相马市的一家医院的医生。医院离福岛第一核电站约<span face="">30</span>公里</p> </div> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_en first"><a href="/web/20130513043308/http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/03/09/japan-year-after-fukushima-response-falls-short" title="Japan: A Year After Fukushima, Response Falls Short" 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