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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littleton_Groom" title="Littleton Groom – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Littleton Groom" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليتليتون جروم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليتليتون جروم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littleton_Groom" title="Littleton Groom – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Littleton Groom" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> </ul> 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Australian politician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Sir Littleton Groom</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George">KCMG</a> <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">KC</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_the_Hon._L._E._Groom,_M.H.R._(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Portrait_of_the_Hon._L._E._Groom%2C_M.H.R._%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_the_Hon._L._E._Groom%2C_M.H.R._%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Portrait_of_the_Hon._L._E._Groom%2C_M.H.R._%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_the_Hon._L._E._Groom%2C_M.H.R._%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Portrait_of_the_Hon._L._E._Groom%2C_M.H.R._%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_the_Hon._L._E._Groom%2C_M.H.R._%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1322" data-file-height="1851" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">6th <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives">Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />13 January 1926 – 11 October 1929</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Watt_(Australian_politician)" title="William Watt (Australian politician)">William Watt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Makin" title="Norman Makin">Norman Makin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_Australia" title="Attorney-General of Australia">Attorney-General of Australia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 December 1921 – 18 December 1925</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Billy Hughes</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Bruce" title="Stanley Bruce">Stanley Bruce</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Billy Hughes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Latham_(judge)" title="John Latham (judge)">John Latham</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Works_and_Railways" title="Department of Works and Railways">Minister for Works and Railways</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />27 March 1918 – 21 December 1921</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Billy Hughes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Watt_(Australian_politician)" title="William Watt (Australian politician)">William Watt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Foster_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Foster (Australian politician)">Richard Foster</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Trade_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Trade (Australia)">Minister for Trade and Customs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />24 June 1913 – 17 September 1914</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cook" title="Joseph Cook">Joseph Cook</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Tudor" title="Frank Tudor">Frank Tudor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Tudor" title="Frank Tudor">Frank Tudor</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)">Minister for External Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2 June 1909 – 29 April 1910</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Batchelor" title="Lee Batchelor">Lee Batchelor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Batchelor" title="Lee Batchelor">Lee Batchelor</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_Australia" title="Attorney-General of Australia">Attorney-General of Australia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 October 1906 – 13 November 1908</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Isaacs" title="Isaac Isaacs">Isaac Isaacs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Billy Hughes</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Home_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Home Affairs (Australia)">Minister for Home Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 July 1905 – 12 October 1906</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dugald_Thomson" title="Dugald Thomson">Dugald Thomson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing_(Australian_politician)" title="Thomas Ewing (Australian politician)">Thomas Ewing</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">Australian Parliament</a></span><br />for <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Darling_Downs" title="Division of Darling Downs">Darling Downs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 December 1931 – 6 November 1936</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Morgan_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Morgan (Australian politician)">Arthur Morgan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Fadden" title="Arthur Fadden">Arthur Fadden</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />14 September 1901 – 12 October 1929</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Groom" title="William Henry Groom">William Henry Groom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Morgan_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Morgan (Australian politician)">Arthur Morgan</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1867-04-22</span>)</span>22 April 1867<br /><a href="/wiki/Toowoomba" title="Toowoomba">Toowoomba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 November 1936<span style="display:none">(1936-11-06)</span> (aged 69)<br /><a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Protectionist</a> (1901–09) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Australia,_1909)" title="Liberal Party (Australia, 1909)">Fusion</a> (1909–17) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist Party of Australia">Nationalist</a> (1917–29) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> (1929–33) <br /> <a href="/wiki/United_Australia_Party" title="United Australia Party">UAP</a> (1933–36)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Jessie Bell</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1894)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Lawyer</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Littleton Ernest Groom</b> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George">KCMG</a> <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">KC</a> (22 April 1867 – 6 November 1936) was an Australian politician. He held ministerial office under four prime ministers between 1905 and 1925, and subsequently served as <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives">Speaker of the House of Representatives</a> from 1926 to 1929. </p><p>Groom was the son of <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Groom" title="William Henry Groom">William Henry Groom</a>, who had arrived in Australia as a <a href="/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia" title="Convicts in Australia">convict</a> but became a prominent public figure in the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Queensland" title="Colony of Queensland">Colony of Queensland</a>. He was a lawyer by profession, entering federal parliament at the <a href="/wiki/1901_Darling_Downs_by-election" title="1901 Darling Downs by-election">1901 Darling Downs by-election</a> following his father's death. Groom was first appointed to cabinet by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a> in 1905. Over the following two decades he served as <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Home_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Home Affairs (Australia)">Minister for Home Affairs</a> (1905–1906), <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_Australia" title="Attorney-General of Australia">Attorney-General</a> (1906–1908), <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)">External Affairs</a> (1909–1910), <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Trade_and_Customs_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Trade and Customs (Australia)">Trade and Customs</a> (1913–1914), <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_Executive_Council" title="Vice-President of the Executive Council">Vice-President of the Executive Council</a> (1917–1918), <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Works_and_Railways" title="Department of Works and Railways">Works and Railways</a> (1918–1921), and Attorney-General (1921–1925). </p><p>A political <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Australia" title="Liberalism in Australia">liberal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-socialism">anti-socialist</a>, Groom was initially affiliated with Deakin's <a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Protectionists</a>, who were later superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Australia,_1909)" title="Liberal Party (Australia, 1909)">Liberals</a> (1909) and <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Australia)" title="Nationalist Party (Australia)">Nationalists</a> (1917). He came into conflict with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Bruce" title="Stanley Bruce">Stanley Bruce</a> during the 1920s, and as speaker in 1929 refused to use his <a href="/wiki/Casting_vote" title="Casting vote">casting vote</a> to save the government on a <a href="/wiki/Confidence_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Confidence motion">confidence motion</a>. He was expelled from the Nationalists and lost his seat at <a href="/wiki/1929_Australian_federal_election" title="1929 Australian federal election">the resulting election</a>, but was re-elected <a href="/wiki/1931_Australian_federal_election" title="1931 Australian federal election">in 1931</a> as an independent. He joined the <a href="/wiki/United_Australia_Party" title="United Australia Party">United Australia Party</a> (UAP) in 1933 and continued as a <a href="/wiki/Backbencher" title="Backbencher">backbencher</a> until his death in 1936. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littleton_Groom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Groom was born on 22 April 1867 in <a href="/wiki/Toowoomba,_Queensland" class="mw-redirect" title="Toowoomba, Queensland">Toowoomba, Queensland</a>. He was the third son of Grace (née Littleton) and <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Groom" title="William Henry Groom">William Henry Groom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His English-born father had been <a href="/wiki/Penal_transportation" title="Penal transportation">transported</a> to Australia as a <a href="/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia" title="Convicts in Australia">convict</a> in 1846, but became a successful businessman and public official, serving as mayor of Toowoomba and in the <a href="/wiki/Queensland_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland Legislative Assembly">Queensland Legislative Assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">Australian House of Representatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Groom attended Toowoomba North State School and <a href="/wiki/Toowoomba_Grammar_School" title="Toowoomba Grammar School">Toowoomba Grammar School</a>, where he was school <a href="/wiki/Dux_(education)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dux (education)">dux</a> and captain of the cricket and football teams. He went on to attend <a href="/wiki/Ormond_College_(University_of_Melbourne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ormond College (University of Melbourne)">Ormond College</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a>, winning scholarships and graduating <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> in 1889 and <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">Bachelor of Laws</a> in 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-dab_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Groom subsequently returned to Queensland and practised as a <a href="/wiki/Barrister" title="Barrister">barrister</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>. He was "a leading figure in the Queensland University Extension Movement" and was also involved with the Brisbane Literary Circle and the <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_School_of_Arts" title="Brisbane School of Arts">Brisbane School of Arts</a>. In 1900 he was appointed a deputy judge on the <a href="/wiki/District_Court_of_Queensland" title="District Court of Queensland">District Court of Queensland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1894, Groom married Jessie Bell, with whom he had two daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littleton_Groom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littleton_Groom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Littleton_Groom_-_Bain_Studio_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Littleton_Groom_-_Bain_Studio_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Littleton_Groom_-_Bain_Studio_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Littleton_Groom_-_Bain_Studio_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Littleton_Groom_-_Bain_Studio_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Littleton_Groom_-_Bain_Studio_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Littleton_Groom_-_Bain_Studio_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1486" data-file-height="2082" /></a><figcaption>Groom early in his career</figcaption></figure> <p>Groom's father was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> at the inaugural <a href="/wiki/1901_Australian_federal_election" title="1901 Australian federal election">1901 federal election</a>, but in August 1901 became the first federal MP to die in office. His son quickly agreed to stand at <a href="/wiki/1901_Darling_Downs_by-election" title="1901 Darling Downs by-election">the resulting by-election</a> in the seat of <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Darling_Downs" title="Division of Darling Downs">Darling Downs</a>. He was publicly endorsed by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton">Edmund Barton</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197522_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197522-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the government provided little assistance and none of its members campaigned on his behalf. Groom was opposed by <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Thomas_Bell" title="Joshua Thomas Bell">Joshua Thomas Bell</a>, a conservative independent whose father had similarly been a colonial MP.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197523_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197523-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His policy speech in Toowoomba called for federal co-ordination of agriculture, old-age pensions, and <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_arbitration" title="Compulsory arbitration">compulsory arbitration</a>, although "his great emphasis was on the necessity of the <a href="/wiki/White_Australia_policy" title="White Australia policy">White Australia policy</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197525_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197525-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His margin of victory was smaller than his father's had been, though still comfortable, and in celebration his supporters pulled him and his wife through the streets of Toowoomba in a <a href="/wiki/Wagonette" title="Wagonette">wagonette</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197526_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197526-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He proclaimed that "liberalism has triumphed over conservatism, and [...] you have decided that Australia shall be white".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197525_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197525-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Groom joined the radical faction of Barton's <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Protectionist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Protectionist Party">Liberal Protectionist Party</a> and his views were closely aligned with those of <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197530_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197530-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He devoted his <a href="/wiki/Maiden_speech" title="Maiden speech">maiden speech</a> to the topic of immigration, supporting a total ban on non-white immigration into Australia and declaring his opposition to <a href="/wiki/Miscegenation" title="Miscegenation">miscegenation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197531–32_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197531–32-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to other rural MPs, Groom was a <a href="/wiki/Centralisation" title="Centralisation">centralist</a> who felt the federal government should use its full constitutional powers; he "frequently stressed federal parliamentarians should deal with things from a continental rather than a state viewpoint."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197530_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197530-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lobbied for the immediate creation of a <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court</a>, arguing that it was essential to preserve the rights of smaller states.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197533–34_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197533–34-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1904, Groom supported <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a> (ALP) leader <a href="/wiki/Chris_Watson" title="Chris Watson">Chris Watson</a>'s amendment to the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Conciliation_and_Arbitration_Act_1904" title="Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1904">Conciliation and Arbitration Bill</a> which would extend its reach to state railway employees.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197535_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197535-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he voted with the Deakin government against <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Andrew Fisher</a>'s amendment, a vote which became a <a href="/wiki/Confidence_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Confidence motion">confidence motion</a> and resulted in Deakin's resignation. Groom was subsequently one of seven Protectionists who gave regular support to the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Watson_government" title="Watson government">Watson government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197536_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197536-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After another change of government he was part of a group of Protectionists who sat on the opposition benches under Watson as leader of the opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197538_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197538-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1904 he introduced the first successful <a href="/wiki/Private_member%27s_bill" title="Private member's bill">private member's bill</a>, passed as the <i>Life Assurance Companies Act 1905</i>, to regulate life insurance policies taken out on children under the age of 10.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_minister">Government minister</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littleton_Groom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Government minister"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Littleton_Groom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Littleton_Groom.jpg/170px-Littleton_Groom.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Littleton_Groom.jpg/255px-Littleton_Groom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Littleton_Groom.jpg/340px-Littleton_Groom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="485" /></a><figcaption>Groom c. 1910</figcaption></figure> <p>In July 1905, Deakin replaced Reid as prime minister and appointed Groom as <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Home_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Home Affairs (Australia)">Minister for Home Affairs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Deakin_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Deakin Ministry">new ministry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197540_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197540-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Home_Affairs_(1901%E2%80%931916)" title="Department of Home Affairs (1901–1916)">His department</a> had a number of responsibilities, including oversight of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Public_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Public Service">Commonwealth Public Service</a>, public works, federal elections, and the siting of the national capital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197546_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197546-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although relatively young and inexperienced, he was one of the few Queenslanders considered suitable by Deakin and was also ideologically close to the ALP upon whose support the government depended.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197541_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197541-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of Groom's first acts was to introduce the <i>Census and Statistics Act 1905</i>, establishing the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Bureau_of_Census_and_Statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics">Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics</a> as a complement to existing state bureaus of statistics. He correctly anticipated that the states would eventually hand over their offices to federal control, but his attempt to appoint <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Augustine_Coghlan" title="Timothy Augustine Coghlan">Timothy Coghlan</a> as the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Statistician" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Statistician">Commonwealth Statistician</a> brought him into conflict with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Carruthers" title="Joseph Carruthers">Joseph Carruthers</a>, the premier of New South Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197547–49_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197547–49-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Groom also introduced the <i>Meteorology Act 1906</i> to create the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a>. Unlike the bureau of statistics, he had secured agreement from the states to cede control before introducing the legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197554–55_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197554–55-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His general philosophy was that "wherever the Commonwealth could satisfactorily perform a duty handled by the states it should be allowed to do so".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197556_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197556-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Groom's <i>Lands Acquisition Act 1906</i> allowed for <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_acquisition" class="mw-redirect" title="Compulsory acquisition">compulsory acquisition</a> by the federal government and the granting of mining leases on federal land. In the same year he achieved agreement with the states over the valuation of properties transferred to the Commonwealth under <a href="/wiki/Section_69_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 69 of the Constitution of Australia">section 69 of the constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197557–59_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197557–59-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Groom further clashed with Joseph Carruthers over the location of the capital, which the Watson government's <i><a href="/wiki/Seat_of_Government_Act_1904" title="Seat of Government Act 1904">Seat of Government Act 1904</a></i> had fixed as <a href="/wiki/Dalgety,_New_South_Wales" title="Dalgety, New South Wales">Dalgety, New South Wales</a>. Rather than acquiescing, Carruthers instead offered three alternative sites closer to the state capital of Sydney. In December 1905, Groom introduced another bill which would have defined the limits of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">capital district</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Second_reading" class="mw-redirect" title="Second reading">second reading</a> speech he accused the New South Wales state government of parochialism and obstructionism, which was poorly received. The bill was allowed to lapse and the issue was not resolved until the <i><a href="/wiki/Seat_of_Government_Act_1908" title="Seat of Government Act 1908">Seat of Government Act 1908</a></i> established <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a> as the new capital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197549–53_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197549–53-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1906, Groom became <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_Australia" title="Attorney-General of Australia">Attorney General</a> until the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Deakin_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Deakin Ministry">Deakin government</a> in November 1908. Groom passed legislation to defend the <a href="/wiki/Harvester_Judgment" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvester Judgment">Harvester Judgment</a> and successfully introduced legislation providing Commonwealth invalid and old age pensions.<sup id="cite_ref-dab_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Deakin_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Deakin Ministry">Fusion government</a> in June 1909, Groom became <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister of Australia">Minister for External Affairs</a> until the Fusion's defeat in the <a href="/wiki/1910_Australian_federal_election" title="1910 Australian federal election">1910 election</a>. </p><p>He had carried legislation establishing the <a href="/wiki/High_Commission_of_Australia_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="High Commission of Australia in London">High Commission of Australia in London</a>. After the 1910 election, he became a strong opponent of Labor and attacked its establishment of a government-owned <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Bank" title="Commonwealth Bank">Commonwealth Bank</a> and its attempt to gain the power to control monopolies. He was <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Trade_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Trade (Australia)">Trade and Customs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Cook Ministry">Cook Ministry</a> from June 1913 to September 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Groom was <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_Executive_Council" title="Vice-President of the Executive Council">Vice-President of the Executive Council</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Hughes_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Hughes Ministry">Hughes's Nationalist government</a> from November 1917 to March 1918 and <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Infrastructure,_Transport,_Regional_Development_and_Local_Government_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government (Australia)">Works and Railways</a> from March 1918 to December 1921. He encouraged railway development and was involved in accelerating the construction of <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>. </p><p>In December 1921 he became Attorney-General again. He was <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Trade_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Trade (Australia)">Minister for Trade and Customs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australian_Minister_for_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Minister for Health">Minister for Health</a> in May and June 1924, following <a href="/wiki/Austin_Chapman" title="Austin Chapman">Austin Chapman</a>'s resignation on grounds of ill health. Groom led the 1924 Australian delegation to the Fifth Assembly of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> and chaired a committee, which formulated a protocol to establish a system of international arbitration and later voted to support its protocol despite an instruction to abstain. Groom involved himself in attempts to deport "foreign" agitators, but due to his poor handling of these and other matters, he was obliged to resign in December 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-dab_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speaker_of_the_House">Speaker of the House</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littleton_Groom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Speaker of the House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Littleton_Groom_1928.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Littleton_Groom_1928.jpg/170px-Littleton_Groom_1928.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Littleton_Groom_1928.jpg/255px-Littleton_Groom_1928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Littleton_Groom_1928.jpg/340px-Littleton_Groom_1928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1103" data-file-height="1545" /></a><figcaption>Groom as Speaker of the House in 1928</figcaption></figure> <p>In return for his resignation, Groom was elected as <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives">Speaker of the House of Representatives</a> and presided from January 1926 to 1929, when he helped oversee the move of federal Parliament from <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> to the newly constructed capital <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>His refusal to use his tiebreaking vote as speaker on a bill that would remove the Commonwealth from most of its involvement in conciliation and arbitration led to the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Bruce" title="Stanley Bruce">Bruce</a> government, triggering the <a href="/wiki/1929_Australian_federal_election" title="1929 Australian federal election">1929 election</a>. His action was motivated partly by his views on the obligations of an independent speaker, but he also disliked the bill, and he still resented his forced resignation in 1925.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_years">Final years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littleton_Groom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Final years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Nationalists expelled Groom from the party, forcing him to run for reelection as an independent. In a bitter campaign, Groom was eliminated on the first count, making him the first serving Speaker to lose his own seat at an election.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Psephos_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Psephos-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Groom returned to his legal practice in <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a> for two years. In <a href="/wiki/1931_Australian_federal_election" title="1931 Australian federal election">1931 election</a>, he sought to take back his old seat. Running again as an independent, he handily defeated his successor, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Morgan_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Morgan (Australian politician)">Arthur Morgan</a>. In a reversal of two years earlier, he won an outright majority on the first count. After two years as an independent, he joined the <a href="/wiki/United_Australia_Party" title="United Australia Party">United Australia Party</a>, successor to the Nationalists, in August 1933. From 1932 to 1936 he was chairman of the Bankruptcy Legislation Committee and in earlier years he also acted on various royal commissions and select committees. He died in Canberra of cerebro-vascular disease. Groom was survived by his wife and one of their two daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-dab_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littleton_Groom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Littleton_and_Jessie_Groom_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Littleton_and_Jessie_Groom_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Littleton_and_Jessie_Groom_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Littleton_and_Jessie_Groom_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Littleton_and_Jessie_Groom_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Littleton_and_Jessie_Groom_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Littleton_and_Jessie_Groom_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2589" data-file-height="2281" /></a><figcaption>Groom in 1925 with his wife Jessie</figcaption></figure> <p>Groom was joint author with <a href="/wiki/John_Quick_(politician)" title="John Quick (politician)">Sir John Quick</a> of the <i>Judicial Power of the Commonwealth</i> in 1904 and he was part author of various Queensland legal publications.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A member of the General Synod of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church">Anglican Church</a>, Groom was <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="Order of St Michael and St George">knighted</a> in January 1924 for his services to politics. In 1984, his old seat of Darling Downs was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Groom" title="Division of Groom">Division of Groom</a> in his honour. He is commemorated by a number of features in <a href="/wiki/Toowoomba,_Queensland" class="mw-redirect" title="Toowoomba, Queensland">Toowoomba</a>, including Groom Park.<sup id="cite_ref-dab_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Groom's elder brother, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Littleton_Groom" title="Henry Littleton Groom">Henry Littleton Groom</a>, was a long serving member of the <a href="/wiki/Queensland_Legislative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland Legislative Council">Queensland Legislative Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dab_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littleton_Groom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his death, Groom bequeathed many of the books from his personal library to the Canberra University College Library (which would become the <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>'s Chifley Library). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littleton_Groom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Parliament_of_Australia_who_have_served_for_at_least_30_years" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the Parliament of Australia who have served for at least 30 years">Members of the Parliament of Australia who have served for at least 30 years</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littleton_Groom&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-adb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCarment1983" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Carment, David (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A090126b.htm">"Groom, Sir Littleton Ernest (1867–1936)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7"><bdi>978-0-522-84459-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538">1833-7538</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70677943">70677943</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Groom%2C+Sir+Littleton+Ernest+%281867%E2%80%931936%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70677943&rft.issn=1833-7538&rft.isbn=978-0-522-84459-7&rft.aulast=Carment&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adb.online.anu.edu.au%2Fbiogs%2FA090126b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittleton+Groom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterson1972" class="citation news cs1">Waterson, D. B. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/groom-william-henry-3675">"Groom, William Henry (1833–1901)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Vol. 4. Melbourne University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.atitle=Groom%2C+William+Henry+%281833%E2%80%931901%29&rft.volume=4&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Waterson&rft.aufirst=D.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Fgroom-william-henry-3675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittleton+Groom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dab-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dab_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dab_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dab_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dab_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dab_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dab_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerle" class="citation web cs1">Serle, Percival. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500721h/0-dict-biogG.html">"Groom, Sir Littleton Ernest(1867–1936)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Australian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Australian Biography">Dictionary of Australian Biography</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg_Australia" title="Project Gutenberg Australia">Project Gutenberg Australia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+Australian+Biography&rft.atitle=Groom%2C+Sir+Littleton+Ernest%281867%E2%80%931936%29&rft.aulast=Serle&rft.aufirst=Percival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.net.au%2Febooks15%2F1500721h%2F0-dict-biogG.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittleton+Groom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197522-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197522_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197523-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197523_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197525-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197525_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197525_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197526-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197526_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197530-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197530_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197530_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197531–32-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197531–32_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, pp. 31–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197533–34-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197533–34_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, pp. 33–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197535-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197535_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197536-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197536_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197538-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197538_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeriot2017" class="citation news cs1">Heriot, Dianne (19 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/FlagPost/2017/December/The_Life_Assurance_Companies_Act_1905">"The Life Assurance Companies Act 1905: the first private members' bill to pass the Parliament"</a>. <i>Flagpost</i>. Australian Parliamentary Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flagpost&rft.atitle=The+Life+Assurance+Companies+Act+1905%3A+the+first+private+members%27+bill+to+pass+the+Parliament&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft.aulast=Heriot&rft.aufirst=Dianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2FAbout_Parliament%2FParliamentary_Departments%2FParliamentary_Library%2FFlagPost%2F2017%2FDecember%2FThe_Life_Assurance_Companies_Act_1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittleton+Groom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197540-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197540_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197546-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197546_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197541-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197541_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197547–49-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197547–49_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, pp. 47–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197554–55-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197554–55_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, pp. 54–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197556-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197556_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197557–59-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197557–59_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, pp. 57–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarment197549–53-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarment197549–53_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarment1975">Carment 1975</a>, pp. 49–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Psephos-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Psephos_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr2008" class="citation web cs1">Carr, Adam (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081006075129/http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/australia">"Australian Election Archive"</a>. <i>Psephos, Adam Carr's Election Archive</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/australia">the original</a> on 6 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Psephos%2C+Adam+Carr%27s+Election+Archive&rft.atitle=Australian+Election+Archive&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpsephos.adam-carr.net%2Fcountries%2Fa%2Faustralia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittleton+Groom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littleton_Groom&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarment1975" class="citation thesis cs1">Carment, David (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/112133/4/b12930623_Carment_David_Sulman.pdf"><i>Australian liberal: a political biography of Sir Littleton Groom, 1867-1936</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD thesis). <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Australian+liberal%3A+a+political+biography+of+Sir+Littleton+Groom%2C+1867-1936&rft.inst=Australian+National+University&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Carment&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenresearch-repository.anu.edu.au%2Fbitstream%2F1885%2F112133%2F4%2Fb12930623_Carment_David_Sulman.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALittleton+Groom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/61SLQ_INST/dls06p/alma99217403402061">Littleton Ernest Groom papers</a>. <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_Queensland" title="State Library of Queensland">State Library of Queensland</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sir_Littleton_Ernest_Groom" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sir Littleton Ernest Groom">Sir Littleton Ernest Groom</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dugald_Thomson" title="Dugald Thomson">Dugald Thomson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Home_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Home Affairs (Australia)">Minister for Home Affairs</a> </b><br />1905–1906 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing_(Australian_politician)" title="Thomas Ewing (Australian politician)">Thomas Ewing</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Isaacs" title="Isaac Isaacs">Isaac Isaacs</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_Australia" title="Attorney-General of Australia">Attorney-General of Australia</a> </b><br />1906–1908 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Billy Hughes</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Batchelor" title="Lee Batchelor">Lee Batchelor</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)">Minister for External Affairs</a> </b><br />1909–1910 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Batchelor" title="Lee Batchelor">Lee Batchelor</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Tudor" title="Frank Tudor">Frank Tudor</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Trade_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Trade (Australia)">Minister for Trade and Customs</a> </b><br />1913–1914 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Tudor" title="Frank Tudor">Frank Tudor</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Millen" title="Edward Millen">Edward Millen</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_Executive_Council" title="Vice-President of the Executive Council">Vice-President of the Executive Council</a> </b><br />1917–1918 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Russell_(Australian_politician)" title="Edward Russell (Australian politician)">Edward Russell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Watt_(Australian_politician)" title="William Watt (Australian politician)">William Watt</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Infrastructure,_Transport,_Regional_Development_and_Local_Government_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government (Australia)">Minister for Works and Railways</a> </b><br />1918–1921 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Foster_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Foster (Australian politician)">Richard Foster</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Billy Hughes</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_Australia" title="Attorney-General of Australia">Attorney-General of Australia</a> </b><br />1921–1925 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Latham_(jurist)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Latham (jurist)">John Latham</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Chapman" title="Austin Chapman">Austin Chapman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Trade_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Trade (Australia)">Minister for Trade and Customs</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Australian_Minister_for_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Minister for Health">Minister for Health</a> </b><br />1924 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Pratten" title="Herbert Pratten">Herbert Pratten</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Watt_(Australian_politician)" title="William Watt (Australian politician)">William Watt</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives">Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives</a> </b><br />1926–1929 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Makin" title="Norman Makin">Norman Makin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Groom" title="William Henry Groom">William Henry Groom</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member for <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Darling_Downs" title="Division of Darling Downs">Darling Downs</a> </b><br />1901–1929 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Morgan_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Morgan (Australian politician)">Arthur Morgan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Morgan_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Morgan (Australian politician)">Arthur Morgan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member for <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Darling_Downs" title="Division of Darling Downs">Darling Downs</a> </b><br />1931–1936 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Fadden" title="Arthur Fadden">Arthur Fadden</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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Holder">Holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carty_Salmon" title="Carty Salmon">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_McDonald_(Australian_politician)" title="Charles McDonald (Australian politician)">McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Johnson_(politician)" title="Elliot Johnson (politician)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Watt_(Australian_politician)" title="William Watt (Australian politician)">Watt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Groom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Makin" title="Norman Makin">Makin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mackay_(Australian_politician)" title="George Mackay (Australian politician)">Mackay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_John_Bell" title="George John Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nairn" title="Walter Nairn">Nairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Rosevear" title="Sol Rosevear">Rosevear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Cameron" title="Archie Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLeay_Sr." title="John McLeay Sr.">J. McLeay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Aston" title="William Aston">Aston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Cope" title="Jim Cope">Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Scholes" title="Gordon Scholes">Scholes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Snedden" title="Billy Snedden">Snedden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Jenkins_Sr." title="Harry Jenkins Sr.">Jenkins Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Child" title="Joan Child">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_McLeay" title="Leo McLeay">L. McLeay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Martin_(Australian_politician)" title="Stephen Martin (Australian politician)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Halverson" title="Bob Halverson">Halverson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Sinclair" title="Ian Sinclair">Sinclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Andrew" title="Neil Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hawker" title="David Hawker">Hawker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Jenkins" title="Harry Jenkins">Jenkins Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Slipper" title="Peter Slipper">Slipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Burke" title="Anna Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronwyn_Bishop" title="Bronwyn Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Smith_(Victorian_politician)" title="Tony Smith (Victorian politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wallace" title="Andrew Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Dick" title="Milton Dick">Dick</a></li></ul> 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href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing_(Australian_politician)" title="Thomas Ewing (Australian politician)">Thomas Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forrest" title="John Forrest">John Forrest</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Littleton Groom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hume_Cook" title="James Hume Cook">James Hume Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Isaacs" title="Isaac Isaacs">Isaac Isaacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Keating_(Australian_politician)" title="John Keating (Australian politician)">John Keating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyne" title="William Lyne">William Lyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Mauger" title="Samuel Mauger">Samuel Mauger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Playford_II" title="Thomas Playford II">Thomas Playford II</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AlfredDeakin.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alfred Deakin"><img alt="Deakin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/AlfredDeakin.jpeg/75px-AlfredDeakin.jpeg" decoding="async" width="75" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/AlfredDeakin.jpeg/113px-AlfredDeakin.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/AlfredDeakin.jpeg/150px-AlfredDeakin.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1194" data-file-height="1752" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Third_Deakin_Cabinet_(1909–10)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Third_Deakin_Cabinet" title="Template:Third Deakin Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Third_Deakin_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Third Deakin Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Third_Deakin_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Third Deakin Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Third_Deakin_Cabinet_(1909–10)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Deakin_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Deakin Ministry">Third Deakin Cabinet</a> (1909–10)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b>Prime Minister:</b> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Best_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Best (Australian politician)">Robert Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cook" title="Joseph Cook">Joseph Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forrest" title="John Forrest">John Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Foxton" title="Justin Foxton">Justin Foxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fuller_(Australian_politician)" title="George Fuller (Australian politician)">George Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Glynn" title="Paddy Glynn">Paddy Glynn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Littleton Groom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Millen" title="Edward Millen">Edward Millen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quick_(politician)" title="John Quick (politician)">Sir John Quick</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfred_Deakin_1910_(crop).tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Alfred Deakin"><img alt="Deakin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Alfred_Deakin_1910_%28crop%29.tif/lossless-page1-75px-Alfred_Deakin_1910_%28crop%29.tif.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Alfred_Deakin_1910_%28crop%29.tif/lossless-page1-113px-Alfred_Deakin_1910_%28crop%29.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Alfred_Deakin_1910_%28crop%29.tif/lossless-page1-150px-Alfred_Deakin_1910_%28crop%29.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="529" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1865883#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1865883#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1865883#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000064057883">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/73567564">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1957813/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJt3WgHcVTYYW9GVXWbyBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2004064437">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007364210105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/619638">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/groom-sir-littleton-ernest-6499">Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6gm87bs">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Littleton_Groom&oldid=1259941564">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Littleton_Groom&oldid=1259941564</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1867_births" title="Category:1867 births">1867 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1936_deaths" title="Category:1936 deaths">1936 deaths</a></li><li><a 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