CINXE.COM

Class Action Procedures | JAMS Mediation, Arbitration, ADR Services

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" id="top"> <head id="head"> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRM3HTK');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <meta charset="UTF-8" /><script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info = {"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-22c5e25a4b8fb6c11ef","applicationID":"1298096896","transactionName":"ZVABYBQEXxBSVkQIClwaImc2SkMWX1BDTAZeVBBHSwRSF1paXkwVQFoAUQIQQwZAGlkPAVdNTVUVFUk=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":2,"agent":"","atts":""}</script><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1386102003",accountID:"2685387",trustKey:"2685387",xpid:"VgAPVFVbDxABVlhaBwgBXl0H",licenseKey:"NRJS-22c5e25a4b8fb6c11ef",applicationID:"1298096896"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.281.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>p,gD:()=>m,xN:()=>g});var n=r(3333),i=r(993);const o=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var a=r(2614),s=r(944),c=r(384),u=r(8122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",l=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0,level:i.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MARKS)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MEASURES)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:a.wk,inactiveMs:a.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){o(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,s.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){o(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,s.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,s.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},f={},h="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function p(e){if(!e)throw new Error(h);if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);f[e]=(0,u.a)(t,l());const r=(0,c.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=f[e])}function m(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);var r=p(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.281.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(a.gm,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$v:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,kd:()=>c,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3,c=["PageAction","UserAction","BrowserPerformance"],u={MARKS:"experimental.marks",MEASURES:"experimental.measures",RESOURCES:"experimental.resources"}},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>c,Qu:()=>u,TZ:()=>s,ih:()=>d,pP:()=>a,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit","popstate"],o="api",a="initialPageLoad",s=n.K7.softNav,c={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},u={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},d={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>T,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>A,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>E,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",E="cb"+R,T="jsTime",A="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);const E=new Map;function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[x.Jt]||t[r];return E.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>E.get(c))),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const S={};var N=r(9417),_=r(5603),O=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let P=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:E,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();E||(x=L.init,E=L.info,j=L.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,_.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),E.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(E.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,E);const H=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),M=[E.beacon,E.errorBeacon];P||(H.proxy.assets&&(I(H.proxy.assets),M.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&M.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?M:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");S[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{S[e]=t}));var E="api-",A=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function _(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(E,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.recordCustomEvent=I(E,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new _).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const O=_.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(A+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{O[e]=I(A,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(A,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!S[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>P()),!0):P(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),P=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.281.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.281.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-jmvAlmjCn64ans8tLueqHRlBI/iWekylsDWb94A77CG0ukSriVDvgD3dThx+XjUSBBBMYhFn8B1a18fViyBPEQ==",249:"sha512-ICY/ZrcytM/86t5KFy+9OAWVYmNNJy10EBtxoSUGjQWuZx53p/eLo+L8HfrGjvHuRHRnutqLTGSnvNttffJkaA==",212:"sha512-pQSn+X/RfBOvx/49HvlghaiXMLhhDQXTi13n1N2XMpDquWJgs9U0pbqE3RbAnYC9nsdaTu/RVGvneEPv1fpCxA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),E=i(2843),T=i(3878),A=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=A.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,A.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,T.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var _=i(3969);class O extends b{static featureName=_.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class M extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",((e,t)=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r,t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var D=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,D.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(void 0===p.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){E(t,e)}),(0,T.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):E(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function E(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(_.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Ee,Lc:Te,uP:Ae,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Ee;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ee,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Te,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var _e=i(2614);class Oe extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(_e.H3,"_").concat(_e.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee,agentRef:this.#o}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(_e.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=_e.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=_e.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class Pe extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,T.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var je=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function Me(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const De={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(De[t.debugId]++)return t;De[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:$e,e5:Je,tH:Qe,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=je;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=Me(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Je]=~~this[Je]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on($e,m),o.on($e,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([Qe+Ze,Qe+"-done",Qe+Xe+Ze,Qe+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,$e,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,Qe+Ze),v(d,Qe+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled,e.init.performance.resources.enabled];if(p.RI&&(e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>{const t=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),500,{leading:!0});(0,T.sp)(e,t)}))),e.init.performance.resources.enabled&&p.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource"))){new PerformanceObserver((e=>{e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{(0,x.p)("browserPerformance.resource",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}))})).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,Oe,O,M,ot,ct,Pe,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/wco1mnc.css" /> <!-- user scripts / style --> <title>Class Action Procedures | JAMS Mediation, Arbitration, ADR Services</title> <meta name="title" content="Class Action Procedures | JAMS Mediation, Arbitration, ADR Services"/> <meta name="description" content=""/> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"/> <meta name="googlebot" content="index, follow"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Class Action Procedures | JAMS Mediation, Arbitration, ADR Services"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.jamsadr.com/files/imagecontrol/19d2dda0-9ede-4cb5-b269-0342c2ecb5a4/7483b893-e478-44a4-8fed-f49aa917d8cf/presentation/image/jams_logo.png"/> <meta property="og:description" content=""/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Class Action Procedures | JAMS Mediation, Arbitration, ADR Services"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content=""/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.jamsadr.com/files/imagecontrol/19d2dda0-9ede-4cb5-b269-0342c2ecb5a4/7483b893-e478-44a4-8fed-f49aa917d8cf/presentation/image/jams_logo.png"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.jamsadr.com/rules-class-action-procedures/"/> <!-- Global CSS Starts --> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_assets/core/vendor/aos.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_assets/core/css/global.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_assets/core/css/custom.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_assets/core/css/style.css" /> <!-- Global CSS Ends --> <!-- Template (General Content) CSS Starts --> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_assets/core/css/landing.css"/> <!-- Template (General Content) CSS End --> <!-- Template (General Content) JS Top Starts --> <!--[if lte IE 8]> <script charset="utf-8" type="text/javascript" src="//js.hsforms.net/forms/v2-legacy.js"></script> <![endif]--> <script charset="utf-8" type="text/javascript" src="//js.hsforms.net/forms/v2.js"></script> <meta name="csrf-token" content="69771ad0-9c93-4a7c-a74e-029631d6bf55" /><title> </title></head> <body data-page-template="General Content"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MRM3HTK" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <!-- header --> <a href="#main-content" class="skip-to-main" id="skip-to-main"> Skip to main content </a> <header class="header" id="header"> <!-- navsecondary--> <nav id="nav-secondary-container" class="nav-secondary-container" aria-label="Secondary"> <div class="container"> <ul class="nav nav-secondary" id="nav-secondary" label="Secondary Menu"> <li class="nav-item has-dd"> <a href="/about/" target="_self" id="jams_nav_about_link" class="nav-link dd-trigger">About</a><span class="mobile-dd-toggle"></span> <ul class="nav-dd" id="jams_dd_about"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/about/" class="nav-link" target="_self">About JAMS</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/diversity/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Diversity & Inclusion</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/social-responsibility/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Commitment to Social Responsibility</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/jams-senior-management/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Senior Management & Leadership</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/knight/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Founder</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/jamsaccess" class="nav-link" target="_self">JAMS Access</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/jams-next" class="nav-link" target="_self">JAMS Next</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item has-dd"> <a href="/careers/" target="_self" id="jams_nav_careers_link" class="nav-link dd-trigger">Careers</a><span class="mobile-dd-toggle"></span> <ul class="nav-dd" id="jams_dd_careers"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/careers/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Careers at JAMS</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/careers-benefits/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Employee Benefits</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href=" https://careers-jamsadr.icims.com/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Apply Online</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item has-dd"> <a href="/jamsfoundation/" target="_self" id="jams_nav_jams_foundation_link" class="nav-link dd-trigger">JAMS Foundation</a><span class="mobile-dd-toggle"></span> <ul class="nav-dd" id="jams_dd_jams_foundation"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/jamsfoundation/" class="nav-link" target="_self">About JAMS Foundation</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/nafcm/" class="nav-link" target="_self">NAFCM Mini-Grant Program</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/acr/" class="nav-link" target="_self">ACR Initiative for Students and Youth</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/weinstein-fellowship/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Weinstein JAMS International Fellowship</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/foundation-initiatives/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Major Dispute Resolution Initiatives</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/knight-award/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Warren Knight Award</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/adr-educational-materials/" class="nav-link" target="_self">ADR Educational Materials</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/jams-foundation-archive" class="nav-link" target="_self">JAMS Foundation Archive</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/principal-benefactors" class="nav-link" target="_self">Principal Benefactors</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/jams-foundation-board-of-directors" class="nav-link" target="_self">JAMS Foundation Board of Directors</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="nav-actions" id="nave-actions"> <a href="/submit/" class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_submit_case"> <span class="nav-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 500 500" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor"> <g> <rect x="161.96" y="178.77" width="43.56" height="15.84"></rect> <rect x="161.96" y="214.42" width="91.09" height="15.84"></rect> <rect x="161.96" y="250.06" width="91.09" height="15.84"></rect> <path d="M362.55,240.09a3,3,0,0,0-2.16-.94,3,3,0,0,0-2.17.94l-14.71,15.46a3.35,3.35,0,0,0,0,4.55l21.54,22.63a.31.31,0,0,1-.2.52l-98.72,1.52a3.14,3.14,0,0,0-3.07,3.22v21.86a3.14,3.14,0,0,0,3.07,3.22l101.62-1.52a.3.3,0,0,1,.2.51l-24.44,25.68a3.35,3.35,0,0,0,0,4.55l14.71,15.46a3,3,0,0,0,4.33,0l55.7-58.51-.3-.32.3-.31Z"> </path> <path d="M384.91,347.75l-28.28,27.59a3.6,3.6,0,0,0-1.08,2.57v16.6H146.71V83.17l104,.78v95.51a4.61,4.61,0,0,0,4.61,4.62H355.61l-.06,31.35a3.43,3.43,0,0,0,.93,2.35l29.16,31.15a1.17,1.17,0,0,0,2-.8l.11-95.23-.07-1.85L280.77,52l-.07.6a2.42,2.42,0,0,0-1.72-.47l-.14-.13h-145a19.6,19.6,0,0,0-19.36,19.84V405.8a19.6,19.6,0,0,0,19.36,19.84H368.47a19.6,19.6,0,0,0,19.36-19.84l-.12-56.88A1.65,1.65,0,0,0,384.91,347.75ZM283.66,146.46v-48l58.63,52.64h-54A4.61,4.61,0,0,1,283.66,146.46Z"> </path> </g> </svg> </span> Submit a Case </a> <a href="https://access.jamsadr.com/" class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_log_access"> <span class="nav-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 500 500" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M202.2,180.86a3,3,0,0,0-4.33,0l-14.72,15.46a3.35,3.35,0,0,0,0,4.55l21.55,22.64a.3.3,0,0,1-.2.51l-98.73,1.53a3.14,3.14,0,0,0-3.06,3.21v21.87a3.14,3.14,0,0,0,3.06,3.21l101.62-1.52a.3.3,0,0,1,.21.51l-24.45,25.69a3.33,3.33,0,0,0,0,4.54l14.72,15.46a3,3,0,0,0,4.33,0L257.9,240l-.31-.32.31-.31Z"> </path> <path d="M378.59,51.72H143.52a19.65,19.65,0,0,0-19.4,19.88L124,206.47h32l.48-123.56H365.65V394.77H156.46L156,271.47l-31.86.43V406.09A19.64,19.64,0,0,0,143.52,426H378.59A19.64,19.64,0,0,0,398,406.09V71.6A19.64,19.64,0,0,0,378.59,51.72Z"> </path> </svg> </span> Log Into JAMS Access </a> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="header-container"> <div class="container"> <!--logo --> <div class="logo-container" id="container-logo"> <a href="/" title="JAMS Home"> <img class="logo" src="/_assets/core/images/jams-logo.svg" alt="JAMS Logo" width="198" height="60"/> <img class="logo-icon" src="/_assets/core/images/jams-logo-icon.svg" alt="JAMS Logo" width="76" height="48"/> </a> </div> <!-- toggle --> <div class="nav-toggle"> <button type="button" class="btn" id="btn-nav-toggle" aria-labelledby="toggle-label"><span class="btn-bar"></span><span class="sr-only" id="toggle-label">MENU</span></button> </div> <!-- navigation --> <nav id="nav-primary" class="nav-primary-container" aria-label="Primary Navigation"> <ul class="nav" label="Primary Menu"> <li class="nav-item" > <a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_neutrals_link" href="/neutrals/search" target="_self" aria-label="Neutrals">Neutrals</a> </li> <li class="nav-item has-dd" > <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" id="jams_nav_rules_and_clauses_link" href="/adr-rules-procedures/" target="_self" aria-label="Rules & Clauses">Rules & Clauses</a> <span class="mobile-dd-toggle"></span> <div id="rules_and_clauses_dropdown" class="dropdown-menu nav-dd" aria-label="Rules & Clauses"><div class="container"><div class="mega-menu"><div class="menu-intro "> <h3 class="heading heading-underline">JAMS Clause Workbook</h3> <div class="intro-media"><img src="" alt="" class="decoration"></div> <div class="description">In every business relationship there is the potential for conflict over contractual agreements or business operations. When such conflicts arise, there is no need to incur the onerous expense and delays involved in traditional litigation. There are readily available alternative dispute resolution procedures that will enable you to resolve your disputes relatively quickly, fairly and cost-effectively.</div> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-outline" href="/clauses/">Learn More</a> </div> <div class="menu-content"><ul role="menu" class="nav nav-mega"> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/adr-rules-procedures/" target="_self" aria-label="Rules & Procedures Overview">Rules & Procedures Overview</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="javascript:void(0)" target="_self" aria-label="Arbitration Rules & Procedures">Arbitration Rules & Procedures</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Arbitration Rules & Procedures" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/rules-comprehensive-arbitration/" target="_self" aria-label="Comprehensive Rules">Comprehensive Rules</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/rules-streamlined-arbitration/" target="_self" aria-label="Streamlined Rules">Streamlined Rules</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/arbitration-discovery-protocols/" target="_self" aria-label="Discovery Protocols">Discovery Protocols</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/appeal/" target="_self" aria-label="Appeal Procedures">Appeal Procedures</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/rules-class-action-procedures/" target="_self" aria-label="Class Action Procedures">Class Action Procedures</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/consumer-minimum-standards/" target="_self" aria-label="Consumer Minimum Standards">Consumer Minimum Standards</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/mass-arbitration-procedures" target="_self" aria-label="Mass Arbitration Procedures">Mass Arbitration Procedures</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/artificial-intelligence-disputes-clause-and-rules" target="_self" aria-label="Artificial Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Artificial Intelligence" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/artificial-intelligence-disputes-clause-and-rules" target="_self" aria-label="AI Disputes Clause and Rules">AI Disputes Clause and Rules</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/artificial-intelligence-protective-order" target="_self" aria-label="AI Disputes Protective Order">AI Disputes Protective Order</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/rules-international" target="_self" aria-label="International Rules">International Rules</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="International Rules" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/international-mediation-rules/" target="_self" aria-label="International Mediation Rules">International Mediation Rules</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/international-arbitration-rules/" target="_self" aria-label="International Arbitration Rules">International Arbitration Rules</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/rules-construction/" target="_self" aria-label="Construction Arbitration">Construction Arbitration</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Construction Arbitration" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/rules-construction-arbitration/" target="_self" aria-label="Construction Arbitration Rules">Construction Arbitration Rules</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/gec-expedited-arbitration-rules/" target="_self" aria-label="Expedited Construction Arbitration Rules">Expedited Construction Arbitration Rules</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/surety-rules/" target="_self" aria-label="Surety Adjudication Rules">Surety Adjudication Rules</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/rules-employment" target="_self" aria-label="Employment Arbitration Rules">Employment Arbitration Rules</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Employment Arbitration Rules" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/rules-employment-arbitration/" target="_self" aria-label="Employment Arbitration Rules">Employment Arbitration Rules</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/employment-minimum-standards/" target="_self" aria-label="Employment Minimum Standards">Employment Minimum Standards</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/rules-download/" target="_self" aria-label="Download Rules / Forms">Download Rules / Forms</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Download Rules / Forms" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/rules-download/" target="_self" aria-label="Download Rules / Forms">Download Rules / Forms</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/rules-archive/" target="_self" aria-label="Rules Archive">Rules Archive</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/clauses/" target="_self" aria-label="ADR Sample Clauses">ADR Sample Clauses</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="ADR Sample Clauses" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/clauses/" target="_self" aria-label="Clause Workbook (U.S. Domestic)">Clause Workbook (U.S. Domestic)</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/international-clause-workbook/" target="_self" aria-label="Clause Workbook (International)">Clause Workbook (International)</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/artificial-intelligence-clauses" target="_self" aria-label="Artificial Intelligence Disputes Clause">Artificial Intelligence Disputes Clause</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/construction-clauses/" target="_self" aria-label="Construction Clauses">Construction Clauses</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/employment-clauses/" target="_self" aria-label="Employment Clauses">Employment Clauses</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </div></div></div> </li> <li class="nav-item" > <a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_locations_link" href="/locations/" target="_self" aria-label="Locations">Locations</a> </li> <li class="nav-item has-dd" > <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" id="jams_nav_adr_services_link" href="/adr/" target="_self" aria-label="ADR Services">ADR Services</a> <span class="mobile-dd-toggle"></span> <div id="adr_services_dropdown" class="dropdown-menu nav-dd" aria-label="ADR Services"><div class="container"><div class="mega-menu"><div class="menu-intro "> <h3 class="heading heading-underline">Virtual Mediation & Arbitration</h3> <div class="intro-media"><img src="" alt="" class="decoration"></div> <div class="description">JAMS mediators and arbitrators are available to resolve disputes remotely. We offer a number of videoconference options for mediations and arbitrations based on case size and complexity.</div> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-outline" href="/online">Learn More</a> </div> <div class="menu-content"><ul role="menu" class="nav nav-mega"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/adr/" target="_self" aria-label="Alternative Dispute Resolution">Alternative Dispute Resolution</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Alternative Dispute Resolution" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/adr/" target="_self" aria-label="What do we do?">What do we do?</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/cle" target="_self" aria-label="Educational Programs & CLEs">Educational Programs & CLEs</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/adr-strategies" target="_self" aria-label="In-House Counsel ADR Strategies">In-House Counsel ADR Strategies</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/adr-forms/" target="_self" aria-label="Forms & Resources">Forms & Resources</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/adr-faqs/" target="_self" aria-label="FAQs">FAQs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/mediation" target="_self" aria-label="Mediation">Mediation</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Mediation" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/mediation" target="_self" aria-label="Mediation Services">Mediation Services</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/mediation-defined/" target="_self" aria-label="What is Commercial Mediation?">What is Commercial Mediation?</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/mediation-guide/" target="_self" aria-label="What Happens in Mediation?">What Happens in Mediation?</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/mediators-ethics/" target="_self" aria-label="Mediators Ethics Guidelines">Mediators Ethics Guidelines</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/arbitration" target="_self" aria-label="Arbitration">Arbitration</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Arbitration" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/arbitration" target="_self" aria-label="Arbitration (North America)">Arbitration (North America)</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/global/" target="_self" aria-label="Arbitration (International)">Arbitration (International)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/neutral-analysis" target="_self" aria-label="Neutral Analysis">Neutral Analysis</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Neutral Analysis" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/appellate" target="_self" aria-label="Appellate Services">Appellate Services</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/online" target="_self" aria-label="Virtual Mediation & Arbitration">Virtual Mediation & Arbitration</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Virtual Mediation & Arbitration" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/faq-virtual-adr" target="_self" aria-label="Virtual ADR & Security FAQ">Virtual ADR & Security FAQ</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/cacourtreference" target="_self" aria-label="California Court Reference Services">California Court Reference Services</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/" target="_self" aria-label="JAMS Pathways™">JAMS Pathways™</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="JAMS Pathways™" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/services/conflict-resolution" target="_self" aria-label="Conflict Prevention & Resolution Program">Conflict Prevention & Resolution Program</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/services/trainingkeynotes" target="_self" aria-label="Workplace Performance Training & Keynotes">Workplace Performance Training & Keynotes</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </div></div></div> </li> <li class="nav-item has-dd" > <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" id="jams_nav_practice_areas_link" href="/practices/" target="_self" aria-label="Practice Areas">Practice Areas</a> <span class="mobile-dd-toggle"></span> <div id="practice_areas_dropdown" class="dropdown-menu nav-dd" aria-label="Practice Areas"><div class="container"><div class="mega-menu"><div class="menu-intro "> <h3 class="heading heading-underline">JAMS Solutions</h3> <div class="intro-media"><img src="" alt="" class="decoration"></div> <div class="description">Traditional mediation and arbitration are not the only tools available through JAMS. In some situations other approaches are more appropriate, effective and/or economical. These options, customized for specific organizations, industries and events, can prevent conflicts before they arise or provide more flexible, scalable and creative resolution paths when conflicts do emerge.</div> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-outline" href="/solutions">Why JAMS Solutions?</a> </div> <div class="menu-content"><ul role="menu" class="nav nav-mega"> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/practices/" target="_self" aria-label="JAMS Practice Areas">JAMS Practice Areas</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/appellate" target="_self" aria-label="Appellate">Appellate</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/bankruptcy" target="_self" aria-label="Bankruptcy">Bankruptcy</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/classaction" target="_self" aria-label="Class Action & Mass Tort">Class Action & Mass Tort</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/cybersecurity" target="_self" aria-label="Cybersecurity & Privacy">Cybersecurity & Privacy</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/disaster-relief" target="_self" aria-label="Disaster Relief">Disaster Relief</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/employment" target="_self" aria-label="Employment">Employment</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/energy" target="_self" aria-label="Energy">Energy</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/engineeringconstruction" target="_self" aria-label="Engineering & Construction">Engineering & Construction</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/entertainment" target="_self" aria-label="Entertainment & Sports">Entertainment & Sports</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/estate-and-probate" target="_self" aria-label="Estate/Probate/Trust">Estate/Probate/Trust</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/family" target="_self" aria-label="Family Law">Family Law</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/federal" target="_self" aria-label="Federal">Federal</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/financial-markets" target="_self" aria-label="Financial Markets">Financial Markets</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/healthcare" target="_self" aria-label="Health Care">Health Care</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/highereducation" target="_self" aria-label="Higher Education & Title IX">Higher Education & Title IX</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/insurance" target="_self" aria-label="Insurance">Insurance</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/intellectual-property" target="_self" aria-label="Intellectual Property">Intellectual Property</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/global/" target="_self" aria-label="International & Cross-Border">International & Cross-Border</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/lifesciences" target="_self" aria-label="Life Sciences">Life Sciences</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/personal-injury" target="_self" aria-label="Personal Injury & Tort">Personal Injury & Tort</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/realestate" target="_self" aria-label="Real Estate & Real Property">Real Estate & Real Property</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/smartcontracts" target="_self" aria-label="Smart Contracts & Blockchain">Smart Contracts & Blockchain</a> </li> </ul></div> </div></div></div> </li> <li class="nav-item has-dd" > <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" id="jams_nav_news_and_insights_link" href="/blog/" target="_self" aria-label="News & Insights">News & Insights</a> <span class="mobile-dd-toggle"></span> <div id="news_and_insights_dropdown" class="dropdown-menu nav-dd" aria-label="News & Insights"><div class="container"><div class="mega-menu"><div class="menu-intro "> <h3 class="heading heading-underline">JAMS ADR Insights</h3> <div class="intro-media"><img src="" alt="" class="decoration"></div> <div class="description">Our articles and thought leadership serve to engage our clients, the legal community and the public in a discussion about alternative dispute resolution. As leaders in mediation, arbitration and more, we strive to remain at the forefront of legal developments, trends and news in areas of law that pertain to ADR.</div> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-outline" href="/blog/">Explore Insights</a> </div> <div class="menu-content"><ul role="menu" class="nav nav-mega"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/blog/" target="_self" aria-label="Articles & Insights">Articles & Insights</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Articles & Insights" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/blog/" target="_self" aria-label="JAMS ADR Insights">JAMS ADR Insights</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="https://www.jamsadr.com/blog/category/international" target="_self" aria-label="JAMS International Insights">JAMS International Insights</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/blog/category/podcasts" target="_self" aria-label="Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/news/" target="_self" aria-label="News & Press Releases">News & Press Releases</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/events/" target="_self" aria-label="Events & Webinars">Events & Webinars</a> </li> </ul></div> </div></div></div> </li> <li class="nav-item has-dd" > <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" id="jams_nav_JAMS Pathways_link" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/" target="_self" aria-label="JAMS Pathways®">JAMS Pathways®</a> <span class="mobile-dd-toggle"></span> <div id="JAMS Pathways_dropdown" class="dropdown-menu nav-dd" aria-label="JAMS Pathways®"><div class="container"><div class="mega-menu"><div class="menu-intro "> <h3 class="heading heading-underline">JAMS Pathways® - Turn the Corner on Conflict</h3> <div class="intro-media"><img src="" alt="" class="decoration"></div> <div class="description">JAMS Pathways was established to fill the need for skilled early conflict intervention. Our highly trained facilitators create a safe space and guardrails for your team to have challenging conversations and design their own workable solutions to advance organizational goals.</div> </div> <div class="menu-content"><ul role="menu" class="nav nav-mega"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/services/" target="_self" aria-label="JAMS Pathways® Services">JAMS Pathways® Services</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="JAMS Pathways® Services" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/services/conflict-resolution" target="_self" aria-label="Conflict Prevention & Resolution Program">Conflict Prevention & Resolution Program</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/services/trainingkeynotes" target="_self" aria-label="Workplace Performance Training & Keynotes">Workplace Performance Training & Keynotes</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/team/" target="_self" aria-label="JAMS Pathways® Team">JAMS Pathways® Team</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/successstories" target="_self" aria-label="JAMS Pathways® Success Stories">JAMS Pathways® Success Stories</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/news-insights/" target="_self" aria-label="News & Insights">News & Insights</a> </li> </ul></div> </div></div></div> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="search" id="container-search"> <form class="search-form search-form-mobile" id="form-search" action="/search" autocomplete="on"> <div class="form-group"> <input class="input search-input" type="search" name="q" id="input-search" list="input-search-popular-terms" placeholder="Search our website"/> <datalist id="input-search-popular-terms"> </datalist> <button type="submit" value="" class="btn search-submit" id="btn-search_submit" aria-label="Search Site"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" width="20" height="20"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 21l-6-6m2-5a7 7 0 11-14 0 7 7 0 0114 0z"></path> </svg></button> </div> </form> <details class="dropdown search-dropdown"> <summary class="trigger"> <div variant="button" class="browse-topics"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 21l-6-6m2-5a7 7 0 11-14 0 7 7 0 0114 0z"> </path> </svg> </div> </summary> <div class="body"> <form class="search-form" id="form-search" action="/search"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="search" id="input-search" list="input-search-popular-terms" name="q" class="input search-input" placeholder="Search Site"> <button type="submit" class="btn search-submit" id="btn-search-submit" aria-label="Search Site"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 21l-6-6m2-5a7 7 0 11-14 0 7 7 0 0114 0z"> </path> </svg> </button> <datalist id="input-search-popular-terms"> </datalist> </div> </form> </div> </details> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main class="main main-home general-content" id="main-content"> <!-- Page Content --> <section class="section section-breadcrumbs"> <div class="container"> <nav aria-label="JAMS Breadcrumb" class="breadcrumb mobile-slider"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/" class="nav-link"> <span class="icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10.707 2.293a1 1 0 00-1.414 0l-7 7a1 1 0 001.414 1.414L4 10.414V17a1 1 0 001 1h2a1 1 0 001-1v-2a1 1 0 011-1h2a1 1 0 011 1v2a1 1 0 001 1h2a1 1 0 001-1v-6.586l.293.293a1 1 0 001.414-1.414l-7-7z"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="sr-only">Class Action Procedures</span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <span aria-current="page" class="nav-current">Class Action Procedures</span> </li> </ul> </nav> <!-- Page Tools, ID: 205745 --><div class="page-tools"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-ghost btn-small icon-print" id="btn-print-page" title="Print Page"> <span class="sr-only">Print Page</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" width="24" height="24"> <title>Print Page</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="M448 192V77.25c0-8.49-3.37-16.62-9.37-22.63L393.37 9.37c-6-6-14.14-9.37-22.63-9.37H96C78.33 0 64 14.33 64 32v160c-35.35 0-64 28.65-64 64v112c0 8.84 7.16 16 16 16h48v96c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h320c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-96h48c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16V256c0-35.35-28.65-64-64-64zm-64 256H128v-96h256v96zm0-224H128V64h192v48c0 8.84 7.16 16 16 16h48v96zm48 72c-13.25 0-24-10.75-24-24 0-13.26 10.75-24 24-24s24 10.74 24 24c0 13.25-10.75 24-24 24z"></path> </svg> </button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-link btn-small icon-pdf" id="btn-pdf-download" title="Download page as PDF"> <span class="sr-only">Download page as PDF</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 93.77 134.3" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor"> <title>Download page as PDF</title> <path d="M64.22,134.28v-31H86V109h-15v7.18h13v5.31h-13V134.3Zm-32.22,0v-31H45.39a16.22,16.22,0,0,1,5.6,1,12.3,12.3,0,0,1,4.47,2.87,13.43,13.43,0,0,1,3,4.77,19.5,19.5,0,0,1,1.06,6.77,21.28,21.28,0,0,1-.87,6.24,14,14,0,0,1-2.63,5,12.28,12.28,0,0,1-4.4,3.28,14.92,14.92,0,0,1-6.19,1.2Zm6.83-5.74h6.08a9.12,9.12,0,0,0,2.88-.49,6.3,6.3,0,0,0,2.47-1.59,7.76,7.76,0,0,0,1.74-2.9,12.84,12.84,0,0,0,.66-4.35,18.86,18.86,0,0,0-.48-4.23,8.35,8.35,0,0,0-1.5-3.24,6.88,6.88,0,0,0-2.76-2.07,11.13,11.13,0,0,0-4.24-.71H38.81ZM3,134.28v-31H17a13.21,13.21,0,0,1,5,.85,9.29,9.29,0,0,1,3.32,2.24,8.43,8.43,0,0,1,1.87,3.17,11.59,11.59,0,0,1,0,7.36,8.47,8.47,0,0,1-1.87,3.2A9.36,9.36,0,0,1,22,122.3a13,13,0,0,1-5,.84H9.86v11.14Zm6.84-16.42h5.31a14.35,14.35,0,0,0,2.26-.18,5.29,5.29,0,0,0,1.93-.67,3.58,3.58,0,0,0,1.32-1.41,5.86,5.86,0,0,0,0-4.78,3.68,3.68,0,0,0-1.32-1.42,5.27,5.27,0,0,0-1.93-.66,12.3,12.3,0,0,0-2.26-.18H9.84Zm-7.42-23A4.41,4.41,0,0,1,0,94.16V65.61a4.57,4.57,0,0,1,2.42-.69H29.87l9.18,9.18a9.59,9.59,0,0,0,13.57,0h0l9.18-9.18H89.28a4.48,4.48,0,0,1,4.49,4.47v21a4.48,4.48,0,0,1-4.47,4.49H2.42Zm72.62-9a3.75,3.75,0,1,0,3.74-3.74h0A3.75,3.75,0,0,0,75,85.84Zm-12,0a3.74,3.74,0,1,0,3.74-3.74h0a3.75,3.75,0,0,0-3.75,3.7Zm-19.77-16L14.8,41.33A3.73,3.73,0,0,1,17.44,35H33.87V3.5A4.46,4.46,0,0,1,35.53,0H56.15a4.49,4.49,0,0,1,1.68,3.5V35H74.25a3.73,3.73,0,0,1,2.64,6.38L48.41,69.83a3.6,3.6,0,0,1-5.09,0v0Z"></path> </svg> </button> </div><!-- ./Page Tools, ID: 205745 --> </div> </section> <!-- Compact Hero Slider, ID: 178971 --> <section class="section section-hero-slider" id="section-hero-slider"> <div class="hero-slider-wrapper auto compact" data-duration="5"> <div class="hero-slider-slides"> <div class="hero-slider-slide light-bg"> <div class="hero-slider-slide-media"> <picture> <source media="(max-width: 480px)" srcset="/images/sliders/rules-clauses-slider.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 1025px)" srcset="/images/sliders/rules-clauses-slider.jpg"> <img src="/images/sliders/rules-clauses-slider.jpg" alt="Class Action Procedures" loading="lazy"/> </picture> </div> <div class="hero-slider-slide-content"> <div class="container"> <div class="slide-body"> <header class="slide-header"> <h2 class="heading-large hero-title"> Class Action Procedures </h2> <p class="slide-summary">JAMS Mediation, Arbitration and ADR Services</p> </header> <div class="slide-buttons"> <!-- CTA List, ID: 177080 --><!-- ./CTA List, ID: 177080 --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slider-nav"> <div class="container"> <div class="slider-nav-item" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="slider-nav-btn"> <div class="slider-nav-btn-progress"></div> <div class="slider-nav-btn-title">Class Action Procedures</div> </button> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-title" style="display: none"> <p> Next: <span id="slider-next-title"></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </section><!-- ./Compact Hero Slider, ID: 178971 --> <div class="general-content-detail"> <section class="section section-landing-panels"> <div class="container section-container"> <div class="tabs"> <div role="tablist" aria-label="JAMS Landing Tabs" class="tablist mobile-slider"> </div> <div class="tabs-slider-controls"> <button type="button" class="btn slider-control slider-prev" aria-label="Previous Tabs" disabled=""> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="3" d="M15 19l-7-7 7-7"></path> </svg> </button> <button type="button" class="btn slider-control slider-next" aria-label="Next Tabs" disabled=""> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="3" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7"></path> </svg> </button> </div> </div> <!--- overview --> <div id="overview-panel" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="overview-tab" class="tab-panel overview-panel"> <div class="container section-container"> <!--DragDropZone--> <!--ContentBlockSection--> <!-- Content Block Section, ID: 178896 --><section class="section section-landing-panels"> <div class="overview-panel"> <div class="container section-container"> <!-- Content Blocks List, ID: 181742 --><section class="panel-section"> <!-- Panel Title, ID: 178909 --><h1 class=" heading-large heading-underline panel-section-title">JAMS Class Action Procedures</h1><!-- ./Panel Title, ID: 178909 --> <div class="panel-section-content"> <div class="panel-body"> <!-- WYSIWYG Panel, ID: 178838 --><div class="panel-body"> <!-- Panel Title, ID: 178909 --><!-- ./Panel Title, ID: 178909 --> <p><em>Effective May 1, 2009<br/><br/></em><strong><a href="/files/Uploads/Documents/JAMS-Rules/JAMS_Class_Action_Procedures-2009.pdf" target="_blank">Download JAMS Class Action Procedures in&nbsp;PDF Format </a></strong></p> <blockquote style="padding-left: 30px;"><em>NOTICE: These rules are the copyrighted property of JAMS. They cannot be copied, reprinted or used in any way without permission of JAMS, unless they are being used by the parties to an arbitration as the rules for that arbitration. If they are being used as the rules for an arbitration, proper attribution must be given to JAMS. If you wish to obtain permission to use our copyrighted materials, please contact JAMS at 949-224-1810. </em></blockquote> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div align="center"> <table style="width: 80%;" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="15%" align="left" valign="top">Rule 1.</td> <td width="85%" align="left" valign="top"><strong><a href="#one">Applicability</a></strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="left" valign="top">Rule 2.</td> <td width="85%" align="left" valign="top"><strong><a href="#two">Construction of the Arbitration Clause</a></strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="left" valign="top">Rule 3.</td> <td width="85%" align="left" valign="top"><strong><a href="#three">Prerequisites to a Class Certification</a></strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="left" valign="top">Rule 4.</td> <td width="85%" align="left" valign="top"><strong><a href="#four">Notice of Class Determination </a></strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="left" valign="top">Rule 5.</td> <td width="85%" align="left" valign="top"><strong><a href="#five">Final Award</a></strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="left" valign="top">Rule 6.</td> <td width="85%" align="left" valign="top"><strong><a href="#six">Settlement, Voluntary Dismissal, or Compromise</a></strong></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><br/><a name="one"></a><strong>Rule 1. Applicability</strong> <br/><br/>(a) JAMS will not administer a demand for class action arbitration when the underlying agreement contains a class preclusion clause, or its equivalent, unless a court orders the matter or claim to arbitration as a class action. <br/><br/>(b) Subject to Rule 1(a), these Class Action Procedures (&ldquo;Procedures&rdquo;) shall apply to any dispute arising out of an agreement that provides for arbitration pursuant to any of the JAMS Arbitration Rules where a party submits a dispute to arbitration on behalf of or against a class or purported class, and shall supplement any other applicable JAMS Rules. These Procedures shall also apply whenever a court refers a matter pleaded as a class action to JAMS for administration, or when a party to a pending JAMS arbitration asserts new claims on behalf of or against a class or purported class. <br/><br/>(c) Subject to Rule 1(a), where inconsistencies exist between these Procedures and other JAMS Rules that apply to any dispute, these Procedures shall control. The Arbitrator has the authority to resolve any inconsistency between any agreement of the parties and these Procedures, and in doing so shall endeavor to avoid any prejudice to the interests of absent members of a class or purported class. <br/><br/>(d) Subject to Rule 1(a), the Arbitrator shall follow any order of a court relating to any matter&nbsp;that would otherwise be decided by an Arbitrator under these Procedures. <br/><br/><a name="two"></a><strong>Rule 2. Construction of the Arbitration Clause</strong> <br/><br/>Subject to Rule 1(a), once appointed, the Arbitrator, following the law applicable to the validity of the arbitration clause as a whole, or the validity of any of its terms, or any court order applicable to the matter, shall determine as a threshold matter whether the arbitration can proceed on behalf of or against a class. In construing the applicable arbitration clause, the Arbitrator shall not consider the existence of these Supplementary Rules to be a factor either in favor of or against permitting the arbitration to proceed on a class basis.<br/><br/>The Arbitrator shall set forth his or her determination with respect to the matter of clause construction in a partial final award subject to immediate court review.<br/><br/><strong></strong><a name="three"></a><strong>Rule 3. Prerequisites to a Class Certification</strong> <br/><br/>(a) The Arbitrator shall determine whether a class should be certified.</p> <blockquote style="padding-left: 30px;">In making that determination, the Arbitrator shall consider the criteria enumerated in this Rule 3 and any law that the Arbitrator determines applies to the arbitration. The Arbitrator also shall determine whether one or more members of a class may act in the arbitration as representative parties on behalf of all members of the class described. The Arbitrator shall permit a class member to serve as a representative only if the conditions set forth in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 23(a), are met.</blockquote> <p>(b) Class Actions Maintainable. An action may be maintained as a class action if the prerequisites of subdivision (a) are satisfied, in addition to the criteria set forth in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 23(b). <br/><br/>(c) The Arbitrator shall set forth his or her determination with respect to the matter of Class Certification in a partial final award subject to immediate court review. <br/><br/><a name="four"></a><strong>Rule 4. Notice of Class Determination</strong> <br/><br/>The Arbitrator shall direct that class members be provided the best notice practicable under the circumstances (&ldquo;Notice of Class Determination&rdquo;). The Notice of Class Determination shall be given to all members who can be identified through reasonable effort. The Notice of Class Determination must concisely and clearly state in plain, easily understood language: <br/><br/></p> <table style="width: 100%;" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top">(1)</td> <td align="left" valign="top">the nature of the action;</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top">(2)</td> <td align="left" valign="top">the definition of the class certified;</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top">(3)</td> <td align="left" valign="top">the class claims, issues or defenses;</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top">(4) &nbsp;</td> <td align="left" valign="top">that a class member may enter an appearance through counsel if the member so desires, and may attend the hearings;</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top">(5) &nbsp;</td> <td align="left" valign="top">that the Arbitrator will exclude from the class any member who requests exclusion, with information about when and how members may elect to be excluded;</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top">(6)</td> <td align="left" valign="top">the binding effect of a class award on class members; and</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top">(7) &nbsp;</td> <td align="left" valign="top">the identities of, and biographical information about, the Arbitrator and the class representative(s) and class counsel that have been approved by the Arbitrator to represent the class.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br/><a name="five"></a><strong>Rule 5. Final Award</strong> <br/><br/>The final award on the merits in a class arbitration, whether or not favorable to the class, shall be reasoned, shall define the class with specificity and shall set forth the reasons the class was or was not certified and the legal and factual findings underlying the award on the merits. The final award shall also specify or describe those to whom the notice provided in Rule 4 was directed: those whom the Arbitrator finds to be members of the class and those who have elected to opt out of the class. <br/><br/><strong>A partial final award dealing with class certification may be altered or amended by the Arbitrator before a final award is rendered. </strong><br/><br/><a name="six"></a><strong>Rule 6. Settlement, Voluntary Dismissal or Compromise</strong> <br/><br/>(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; (1) The Arbitrator may direct that notice be provided in a reasonable manner to all class members who would be bound by a proposed settlement, voluntary dismissal or compromise.<br/>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (2)&nbsp;The Arbitrator may approve a settlement, voluntary dismissal or compromise that would bind class members only after a hearing and a finding that the settlement, voluntary dismissal, or compromise is fair, reasonable and adequate.<br/>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (3) Any settlement, voluntary dismissal or compromise of the claims, issues or defenses of an arbitration filed as a class arbitration shall not be effective unless approved by the Arbitrator. <br/><br/>(b) The parties seeking approval of a settlement, voluntary dismissal or compromise under this Rule must submit to the Arbitrator any agreement made in connection with the proposed settlement, voluntary dismissal, or compromise. <br/><br/>(c) The Arbitrator may refuse to approve a settlement unless it affords a new opportunity to request exclusion to individual class members who had an earlier opportunity to request exclusion but did not do so. <br/><br/>(d) Any class member may object to a proposed settlement, voluntary dismissal or compromise that requires approval under this Rule. Such an objection may be withdrawn only with the approval of the Arbitrator.</p></div><!-- ./WYSIWYG Panel, ID: 178838 --> </div> </div> </section> <section class="panel-section"> <!-- Panel Title, ID: 178909 --><!-- ./Panel Title, ID: 178909 --> <div class="panel-section-content"> <div class="panel-body"> <!-- Additional Resources One Column, ID: 179932 --> <div class="panel-card resources-card"> <h3 class="heading-small resources-card-title">JAMS Class Action Resources</h3> <div class="card-body"> <p> <span class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7"></path></svg></span> <a href="https://www.jamsadr.com/neutrals/search?lastname=&firstname=&location=&practice=class_action_and_mass_tort&keyword=&language=" class="link" target="_self">Class Action & Mass Tort Neutrals</a> </p> <p> <span class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7"></path></svg></span> <a href="https://www.jamsadr.com/rules-class-action-procedures/" class="link" target="_self">JAMS Class Action Procedures </a> </p> <p> <span class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512" fill="currentColor" width="16" height="16"><path d="M181.9 256.1c-5-16-4.9-46.9-2-46.9 8.4 0 7.6 36.9 2 46.9zm-1.7 47.2c-7.7 20.2-17.3 43.3-28.4 62.7 18.3-7 39-17.2 62.9-21.9-12.7-9.6-24.9-23.4-34.5-40.8zM86.1 428.1c0 .8 13.2-5.4 34.9-40.2-6.7 6.3-29.1 24.5-34.9 40.2zM248 160h136v328c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24H24c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V24C0 10.7 10.7 0 24 0h200v136c0 13.2 10.8 24 24 24zm-8 171.8c-20-12.2-33.3-29-42.7-53.8 4.5-18.5 11.6-46.6 6.2-64.2-4.7-29.4-42.4-26.5-47.8-6.8-5 18.3-.4 44.1 8.1 77-11.6 27.6-28.7 64.6-40.8 85.8-.1 0-.1.1-.2.1-27.1 13.9-73.6 44.5-54.5 68 5.6 6.9 16 10 21.5 10 17.9 0 35.7-18 61.1-61.8 25.8-8.5 54.1-19.1 79-23.2 21.7 11.8 47.1 19.5 64 19.5 29.2 0 31.2-32 19.7-43.4-13.9-13.6-54.3-9.7-73.6-7.2zM377 105L279 7c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7h-6v128h128v-6.1c0-6.3-2.5-12.4-7-16.9zm-74.1 255.3c4.1-2.7-2.5-11.9-42.8-9 37.1 15.8 42.8 9 42.8 9z"></path></svg></span> <a href="/files/uploads/documents/jams-class-action-brochure.pdf" class="link" target="_self">Class Action Practice Brochure</a> </p> </div> </div><!-- ./Additional Resources One Column, ID: 179932 --> </div> </div> </section> <!-- ./Content Blocks List, ID: 181742 --> </div></div></section><!-- ./Content Block Section, ID: 178896 --> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div><!-- Source: Bridge Template --> <div id="pdf_hidden" style="display:none"> <span class="pdf_footer_1"></span> <span class="pdf_footer_2"></span> <span class="pdf_filename"></span> </div> <!-- Page Id: 205533 --> </main> <j-notification-container></j-notification-container> <footer class="footer" role="contentinfo"> <section class="section section-newsletter" id="section-newsletter"> <div class="container section-container"> <h4 class="heading-large" class="section-title">Sign up for email updates</h4> <p> Stay updated on the latest in mediation, arbitration and dispute resolution. </p> <form action="/subscribe" method="get" class="newsletter-form"> <div class="form-row"> <input type="email" required name="email" id="input-newsletter-email" placeholder="EMAIL" class="input" autocomplete="email" /> </div> <div class="form-row"> <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="SUBMIT" id="btn-newsletter-submit"> </div> </form> </div> </section> <section class="section social" id="section-corporate"> <div class="container"> <nav class="nav-corporate" id="nav-corporate"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_contact_link" href="/contact" target="_self" aria-label="Contact">Contact</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_submit_link" href="/submit/" target="_self" aria-label="Submit">Submit</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_news_link" href="/news/" target="_self" aria-label="News">News</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_events_link" href="/events/" target="_self" aria-label="Events">Events</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_careers_link" href="/careers/" target="_self" aria-label="Careers">Careers</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="nav-social" id="nav-social"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/jams" class="nav-link" title="LinkedIn"> <span class="social-icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 448 512" width="16" height="16" aria-labelledby="icon-linkedin-title" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title id="icon-linkedin-title">LinkedIn</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="M100.28 448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79 108.1C24.09 108.1 0 83.5 0 53.8a53.79 53.79 0 0 1 107.58 0c0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.79 54.3zM447.9 448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29 0-55.69 37.7-55.69 76.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.69-48.3 87.88-48.3 94 0 111.28 61.9 111.28 142.3V448z"></path> </svg> </span> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/JAMSADR" class="nav-link" title="Twitter"> <span class="social-icon"> <svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="svg5" x="0px" y="0px" xml:space="preserve" viewBox="333.89 142.25 1000.78 936.69" width="18" height="18"> <g id="layer1" transform="translate(52.390088,-25.058597)" fill="currentColor"> <path id="path1009" fill="currentColor" d="M283.94,167.31l386.39,516.64L281.5,1104h87.51l340.42-367.76L984.48,1104h297.8L874.15,558.3l361.92-390.99 h-87.51l-313.51,338.7l-253.31-338.7H283.94z M412.63,231.77h136.81l604.13,807.76h-136.81L412.63,231.77z"></path> </g> </svg> </span> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/JAMSADRExpert" class="nav-link" title="YouTube"> <span class="social-icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 576 512" width="16" height="16" aria-labelledby="icon-youtube-title" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title id="icon-youtube-title">YouTube</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z"></path> </svg> </span> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/JAMSAlternativeDisputeResolution" class="nav-link" title="Facebook"> <span class="social-icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 320 512" width="16" height="16" aria-labelledby="icon-facebook-title" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title id="icon-facebook-title">Facebook</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 124.72v70.62H22.89V288h81.39v224h100.17V288z"></path> </svg> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </section> <section class="section disclaimer" id="section-disclaimer"> <div class="container dir-col"> <div class="disclaimer-text"> <p><strong>Disclaimer</strong></p> <p>This website is not a solicitation for business. All content on the JAMS website is intended to provide general information about JAMS and an opportunity for interested persons to contact JAMS. The content of this website is not offered as legal advice or legal opinion and it should not be relied upon for any specific situation. &nbsp;JAMS neutrals are not engaged in the practice of law and no attorney client relationship is intended.&nbsp; This website is for informational purposes only and does not constitute a complete description of JAMS services. While JAMS endeavors to keep the information updated and correct, JAMS makes no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, or reliability of the information contained in this website.&nbsp;<a title="See More of Disclaimer" href="/disclaimer ">SEE MORE</a></p> </div> <nav class="disclaimer-nav"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_disclaimer_link" href="/disclaimer" target="_self" aria-label="Disclaimer">Disclaimer</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_consumer_case_link" href="/consumercases/" target="_self" aria-label="Consumer Case Information">Consumer Case Information</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_neutrality_link" href="/neutrality" target="_self" aria-label="Neutrality">Neutrality</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="evidon-notice-link"> </a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </section> <section class="section copyright" id="section-copyright"> <div class="container"> <nav class="nav-legal"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_sitemap_link" href="/sitemap" target="_self">Sitemap</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_privacy_center_link" href="/privacycenter" target="_self">Privacy Center</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_terms_of_service_link" href="/terms-of-service/" target="_self">Terms of Service</a></li> </ul> </nav> <p>Copyright 2025 JAMS. All Rights Reserved</p> <p><a href="tel:+18003525267" class="link" target="_self">800.352.5267</a></p> </div> </section> </footer> <a id="scroll-to-top" href="#top" class="scroll-to-top" role="button" title="Scroll to top"> <span class="sr-only">Scroll to top</span> <span class="icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <title>Scroll to top</title> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M5 15l7-7 7 7"> </path> </svg> </span> </a> <template id="env-variables" data-env="live" data-g2-url="https://searchg2.crownpeak.net/jams-adr-live/select?" data-site-url="https://www.jamsadr.com/" data-location-settings-url="/locations/location-settings.json" data-continent-url="/_config/locations/country-by-continent.json" data-url-with-auth="https://www.jamsadr.com/" ></template> <!-- Global JS Starts --> <script src="https://unpkg.com/@popperjs/core@2"></script> <script src="https://unpkg.com/tippy.js@6"></script> <script src="/_assets/core/js/aos.js" ></script> <script src="/_assets/core/vendor/simpleparallax.js" ></script> <script src="/_assets/core/js/main.js" type="module"></script> <script src="/_assets/core/js/components.js" ></script> <!-- Global JS Ends --> <!-- Template (General Content) JS Starts --> <script src="/_assets/core/js/landing.js" type="module"></script> <!-- Template (General Content) JS Ends --> <!-- Template (General Content) JS Top Ends --> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10