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axis</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: neutral axis"> <meta name="keywords" content="neutral axis"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="neutral axis"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1115</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: neutral axis</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1115</span> Advanced Model for Calculation of the Neutral Axis Shifting and the Wall Thickness Distribution in Rotary Draw Bending Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Engel">B. Engel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hassan"> H. Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rotary draw bending is a method which is being used in tube forming. In the tube bending process, the neutral axis moves towards the inner arc and the wall thickness distribution changes for tube’s cross section. Thinning takes place in the outer arc of the tube (extrados) due to the stretching of the material, whereas thickening occurs in the inner arc of the tube (intrados) due to the comparison of the material. The calculations of the wall thickness distribution, neutral axis shifting, and strain distribution have not been accurate enough, so far. The previous model (the geometrical model) describes the neutral axis shifting and wall thickness distribution. The geometrical of the tube, bending radius and bending angle are considered in the geometrical model, while the influence of the material properties of the tube forming are ignored. The advanced model is a modification of the previous model using material properties that depends on the correction factor. The correction factor is a purely empirically determined factor. The advanced model was compared with the Finite element simulation (FE simulation) using a different bending factor (Bf=bending radius/ diameter of the tube), wall thickness (Wf=diameter of the tube/ wall thickness), and material properties (strain hardening exponent). Finite element model of rotary draw bending has been performed in PAM-TUBE program (version: 2012). Results from the advanced model resemble the FE simulation and the experimental test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotary%20draw%20bending" title="rotary draw bending">rotary draw bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20properties" title=" material properties"> material properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20axis%20shifting" title=" neutral axis shifting"> neutral axis shifting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20thickness%20distribution" title=" wall thickness distribution"> wall thickness distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18270/advanced-model-for-calculation-of-the-neutral-axis-shifting-and-the-wall-thickness-distribution-in-rotary-draw-bending-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1114</span> Investigation of Neutral Axis Shifting and Wall Thickness Distribution of Bent Tubes Produced by Rotary Draw Bending</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernd%20Engel">Bernd Engel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Raheem%20Hassan"> Hassan Raheem Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rotary draw bending is a method used for tube forming. During the tube bending process, the neutral axis moves towards the inner arc and the wall thickness changes in the cross section of the tube. Wall thinning of the tube takes place at the extrados, whereas wall thickening of the tube occurs at the intrados. This paper investigates the tube bending with rotary draw bending process using thick-walled tubes and different material properties (16Mo3 and 10CrMo9-10). The experimental tests and finite element simulations are used to calculate the variable characteristics (wall thickness distribution, neutral axis shifting and longitudinal strain distribution). These results are compared with results of a plasto-mechanical model. Moreover, the cross section distortion is investigated in this study. This study helped to get bends with smaller wall factor for different material properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotary%20draw%20bending" title="rotary draw bending">rotary draw bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thick%20wall%20tube" title=" thick wall tube"> thick wall tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20properties" title=" material properties"> material properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20influence" title=" material influence "> material influence </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35913/investigation-of-neutral-axis-shifting-and-wall-thickness-distribution-of-bent-tubes-produced-by-rotary-draw-bending" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">614</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1113</span> On Radially Symmetric Vibrations of Bi-Directional Functionally Graded Circular Plates on the Basis of Mindlin’s Theory and Neutral Axis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Saini">Rahul Saini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshan%20Lal"> Roshan Lal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper deals with the free axisymmetric vibrations of bi-directional functionally graded circular plates using Mindlin’s plate theory and physical neutral surface. The temperature-dependent, as well as temperature-independent mechanical properties of the plate material, varies in radial and transverse directions. Also, temperature profile for one- and two-dimensional temperature variations has been obtained from the heat conduction equation. A simple computational formulation for the governing differential equation of motion for such a plate model has been derived using Hamilton's principle for the clamped and simply supported plates at the periphery. Employing the generalized differential quadrature method, the corresponding frequency equations have been obtained and solved numerically to retain their lowest three roots as the natural frequencies for the first three modes. The effect of various other parameters such as temperature profile, functionally graded indices, and boundary conditions on the vibration characteristics has been presented. In order to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the method, the results have been compared with those available in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bi-directionally%20FG" title="bi-directionally FG">bi-directionally FG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GDQM" title=" GDQM"> GDQM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mindlin%E2%80%99s%20circular%20plate" title=" Mindlin’s circular plate"> Mindlin’s circular plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20axis" title=" neutral axis"> neutral axis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrations" title=" vibrations"> vibrations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117831/on-radially-symmetric-vibrations-of-bi-directional-functionally-graded-circular-plates-on-the-basis-of-mindlins-theory-and-neutral-axis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1112</span> Implementation of Sensor Fusion Structure of 9-Axis Sensors on the Multipoint Control Unit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Gil%20Ahn">Jun Gil Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Tae%20Kim"> Jong Tae Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we study the sensor fusion structure on the multipoint control unit (MCU). Sensor fusion using Kalman filter for 9-axis sensors is considered. The 9-axis inertial sensor is the combination of 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope and 3-axis magnetometer. We implement the sensor fusion structure among the sensor hubs in MCU and measure the execution time, power consumptions, and total energy. Experiments with real data from 9-axis sensor in 20Mhz show that the average power consumptions are 44mW and 48mW on Cortx-M0 and Cortex-M3 MCU, respectively. Execution times are 613.03 us and 305.6 us respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=9-axis%20sensor" title="9-axis sensor">9-axis sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title=" Kalman filter"> Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCU" title=" MCU"> MCU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20fusion" title=" sensor fusion"> sensor fusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84323/implementation-of-sensor-fusion-structure-of-9-axis-sensors-on-the-multipoint-control-unit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84323.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1111</span> Neutral Sugar Contents of Laurel-leaved and Cryptomeria japonica Forests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayuko%20Itsuki">Ayuko Itsuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sachiyo%20Aburatani"> Sachiyo Aburatani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil neutral sugar contents in Kasuga-yama Hill Primeval Forest (Nara, Japan) were examined using the Waksman’s approximation analysis to clarify relations with the neutral sugar constituted the soil organic matter and the microbial biomass. Samples were selected from the soil surrounding laurel-leaved (BB-1) and Carpinus japonica (BB-2) trees for analysis. The water and HCl soluble neutral sugars increased microbial biomass of the laurel-leaved forest soil. Arabinose, xylose, and galactose of the HCl soluble fraction were used immediately in comparison with other neutral sugars. Rhamnose, glucose, and fructose of the HCl soluble fraction were re-composed by the microbes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20soil" title="forest soil">forest soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20sugaras" title=" neutral sugaras"> neutral sugaras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20organic%20matter" title=" soil organic matter"> soil organic matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waksman%E2%80%99s%20approximation%20analysis" title=" Waksman’s approximation analysis"> Waksman’s approximation analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41490/neutral-sugar-contents-of-laurel-leaved-and-cryptomeria-japonica-forests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1110</span> Adjustment and Compensation Techniques for the Rotary Axes of Five-axis CNC Machine Tools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tung-Hui%20Hsu">Tung-Hui Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Yuh%20Jywe"> Wen-Yuh Jywe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Five-axis computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools (three linear and two rotary axes) are ideally suited to the fabrication of complex work pieces, such as dies, turbo blades, and cams. The locations of the axis average line and centerline of the rotary axes strongly influence the performance of these machines; however, techniques to compensate for eccentric error in the rotary axes remain weak. This paper proposes optical (Non-Bar) techniques capable of calibrating five-axis CNC machine tools and compensating for eccentric error in the rotary axes. This approach employs the measurement path in ISO/CD 10791-6 to determine the eccentric error in two rotary axes, for which compensatory measures can be implemented. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed techniques can improve the performance of various five-axis CNC machine tools by more than 90%. Finally, a result of the cutting test using a B-type five-axis CNC machine tool confirmed to the usefulness of this proposed compensation technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calibration" title="calibration">calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compensation" title=" compensation"> compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotary%20axis" title=" rotary axis"> rotary axis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=five-axis%20computer%20numerical%20control%20%28CNC%29%20machine%20tools" title=" five-axis computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools"> five-axis computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eccentric%20error" title=" eccentric error"> eccentric error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20calibration%20system" title=" optical calibration system"> optical calibration system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%2FCD%2010791-6" title=" ISO/CD 10791-6"> ISO/CD 10791-6</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4994/adjustment-and-compensation-techniques-for-the-rotary-axes-of-five-axis-cnc-machine-tools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1109</span> Deriving Generic Transformation Matrices for Multi-Axis Milling Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20C.%20Lin">Alan C. Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzu-Kuan%20Lin"> Tzu-Kuan Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsong%20Der%20Lin"> Tsong Der Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a new method to find the equations of transformation matrix for the rotation angles of the two rotational axes and the coordinates of the three linear axes of an orthogonal multi-axis milling machine. This approach provides intuitive physical meanings for rotation angles of multi-axis machines, which can be used to evaluate the accuracy of the conversion from CL data to NC data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAM" title="CAM">CAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-axis%20milling%20machining" title=" multi-axis milling machining"> multi-axis milling machining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation%20matrix" title=" transformation matrix"> transformation matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotation%20angles" title=" rotation angles"> rotation angles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10895/deriving-generic-transformation-matrices-for-multi-axis-milling-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1108</span> A Performance Study of Fixed, Single-Axis and Dual-Axis Photovoltaic Systems in Kuwait </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Al-Rashidi">A. Al-Rashidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20El-Hamalawi"> A. El-Hamalawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a performance study was conducted to investigate single and dual-axis PV systems to generate electricity in five different sites in Kuwait. Relevant data were obtained by using two sources for validation purposes. A commercial software, PVsyst, was used to analyse the data, such as metrological data and other input parameters, and compute the performance parameters such as capacity factor (CF) and final yield (YF). The results indicated that single and dual-axis PV systems would be very beneficial to electricity generation in Kuwait as an alternative source to conventional power plants, especially with the increased demand over time. The ranges were also found to be competitive in comparison to leading countries using similar systems. A significant increase in CF and YF values around 24% and 28.8% was achieved related to the use of single and dual systems, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-axis%20and%20dual-axis%20photovoltaic%20systems" title="single-axis and dual-axis photovoltaic systems">single-axis and dual-axis photovoltaic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity%20factor" title=" capacity factor"> capacity factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=final%20yield" title=" final yield"> final yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuwait" title=" Kuwait"> Kuwait</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48794/a-performance-study-of-fixed-single-axis-and-dual-axis-photovoltaic-systems-in-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1107</span> Investigating Activity Recognition Using 9-Axis Sensors and Filters in Wearable Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Gil%20Ahn">Jun Gil Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Kang%20Park"> Jong Kang Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Tae%20Kim"> Jong Tae Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we analyze major components of activity recognition (AR) in wearable device with 9-axis sensors and sensor fusion filters. 9-axis sensors commonly include 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope and 3-axis magnetometer. We chose sensor fusion filters as Kalman filter and Direction Cosine Matrix (DCM) filter. We also construct sensor fusion data from each activity sensor data and perform classification by accuracy of AR using Naïve Bayes and SVM. According to the classification results, we observed that the DCM filter and the specific combination of the sensing axes are more effective for AR in wearable devices while classifying walking, running, ascending and descending. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerometer" title="accelerometer">accelerometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activity%20recognition" title=" activity recognition"> activity recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directiona%20cosine%20matrix%20filter" title=" directiona cosine matrix filter"> directiona cosine matrix filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gyroscope" title=" gyroscope"> gyroscope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title=" Kalman filter"> Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetometer" title=" magnetometer"> magnetometer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56198/investigating-activity-recognition-using-9-axis-sensors-and-filters-in-wearable-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1106</span> Neutral Sugars in Two-Step Hydrolysis of Laurel-Leaved and Cryptomeria japonica Forests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayuko%20Itsuki">Ayuko Itsuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sachiyo%20Aburatani"> Sachiyo Aburatani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil neutral sugar contents in Kasuga-yama Hill Primeval Forest, which is a World Heritage Site in Nara, Japan consisting of lowland laurel-leaved forest where natural conditions have been preserved for more than 1,000 years, were examined using the two-step hydrolysis to clarify the source of the neutral sugar and relations with the neutral sugar constituted the soil organic matter and the microbial biomass. Samples were selected from the soil (L, F, H and A horizons) surrounding laurel-leaved (BB-1) and Carpinus japonica (BB-2 and PW) trees for analysis. The neutral sugars were one factor of increasing the fungal and bacterial biomass in the laurel-leaved forest soil (BB-1). The more neutral sugar contents in the Cryptomeria japonica forest soil (PW) contributed to the growth of the bacteria and fungi than those of in the Cryptomeria japonica forest soil (BB-2). The neutral sugars had higher correlation with the numbers of bacteria and fungi counted by the dilution plate count method than by the direct microscopic count method. The numbers of fungi had higher correlation with those of bacteria by the dilution plate method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20soil" title="forest soil">forest soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20sugars" title=" neutral sugars"> neutral sugars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20organic%20matter" title=" soil organic matter"> soil organic matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-step%20hydrolysis" title=" two-step hydrolysis"> two-step hydrolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61994/neutral-sugars-in-two-step-hydrolysis-of-laurel-leaved-and-cryptomeria-japonica-forests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1105</span> Adjustable Counter-Weight for Full Turn Rotary Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Karakaya">G. Karakaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20T%C3%BCrker"> C. Türker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Anakl%C4%B1"> M. Anaklı</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is necessary to test to see if optical devices such as camera, night vision devices are working properly. Therefore, a precision biaxial rotary system (gimbal) is required for mounting Unit Under Test, UUT. The Gimbal systems can be utilized for precise positioning of the UUT; hence, optical test can be performed with high accuracy. The weight of UUT, which is placed outside the axis of rotation, causes an off-axis moment to the mounting armature. The off-axis moment can act against the direction of movement for some orientation, thus the electrical motor, which rotates the gimbal axis, has to apply higher level of torque to guide and stabilize the system. Moreover, UUT and its mounting fixture to the gimbal can be changed, which causes change in applied resistance moment to the gimbals electrical motor. In this study, a preloaded spring is added to the gimbal system for minimizing applied off axis moment with the help of four bar mechanism. Two different possible methods for preloading spring are introduced and system optimization is performed to eliminate all moment which is created by off axis weight. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive" title="adaptive">adaptive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balancing" title=" balancing"> balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gimbal" title=" gimbal"> gimbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanics" title=" mechanics"> mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spring" title=" spring"> spring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128802/adjustable-counter-weight-for-full-turn-rotary-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1104</span> Influence of Major Axis on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Elliptical Section</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20B.%20Rajasekarababu">K. B. Rajasekarababu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Karthik"> J. Karthik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Vinayagamurthy"> G. Vinayagamurthy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is intended to explain the influence of major axis on aerodynamic characteristics of elliptical section. Many engineering applications such as off shore structures, bridge piers, civil structures and pipelines can be modelled as a circular cylinder but flow over complex bodies like, submarines, Elliptical wing, fuselage, missiles, and rotor blades, in which the parameters such as axis ratio can influence the flow characteristics of the wake and nature of separation. Influence of Major axis in Flow characteristics of elliptical sections are examined both experimentally and computationally in this study. For this research, four elliptical models with varying major axis [*AR=1, 4, 6, 10] are analysed. Experimental works have been conducted in a subsonic wind tunnel. Furthermore, flow characteristics on elliptical model are predicted from k-ε turbulence model using the commercial CFD packages by pressure based transient solver with Standard wall conditions.The analysis can be extended to estimation and comparison of Drag coefficient and Fatigue analysis of elliptical sections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptical%20section" title="elliptical section">elliptical section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=major%20axis" title=" major axis"> major axis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20characteristics" title=" aerodynamic characteristics"> aerodynamic characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-%CE%B5%20turbulence%20model" title=" k-ε turbulence model"> k-ε turbulence model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37294/influence-of-major-axis-on-the-aerodynamic-characteristics-of-elliptical-section" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1103</span> Delay-Independent Closed-Loop Stabilization of Neutral System with Infinite Delays</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iyai%20Davies">Iyai Davies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivier%20L.%20C.%20Haas"> Olivier L. C. Haas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the problem of stability and stabilization for neutral delay-differential systems with infinite delay is investigated. Using Lyapunov method, new delay-independent sufficient condition for the stability of neutral systems with infinite delay is obtained in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Memory-less state feedback controllers are then designed for the stabilization of the system using the feasible solution of the resulting LMI, which are easily solved using any optimization algorithms. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the results of the proposed methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infinite%20delays" title="infinite delays">infinite delays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyapunov%20method" title=" Lyapunov method"> Lyapunov method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20matrix%20inequality" title=" linear matrix inequality"> linear matrix inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20systems" title=" neutral systems"> neutral systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36298/delay-independent-closed-loop-stabilization-of-neutral-system-with-infinite-delays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1102</span> Advanced Stability Criterion for Time-Delayed Systems of Neutral Type and Its Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Park">M. J. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Lee"> S. H. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20H.%20Lee"> C. H. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20M.%20Kwon"> O. M. Kwon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates stability problem for linear systems of neutral type with time-varying delay. By constructing various Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, and utilizing some mathematical techniques, the sufficient stability conditions for the systems are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be easily solved by various effective optimization algorithms. Finally, some illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed criterion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20systems" title="neutral systems">neutral systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-delay" title=" time-delay"> time-delay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyapnov%20method" title=" Lyapnov method"> Lyapnov method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMI" title=" LMI"> LMI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66517/advanced-stability-criterion-for-time-delayed-systems-of-neutral-type-and-its-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1101</span> Effect of Blade Layout on Unidirectional Rotation of a Vertical-Axis Rotor in Waves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingchen%20Yang">Yingchen Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ocean waves are a rich renewable energy source that is nearly untapped to date, even though many wave energy conversion (WEC) technologies are currently under development. The present work discusses a vertical-axis WEC rotor for power generation. The rotor was specially designed to allow easy rearrangement of the same blades to achieve different rotor configurations and result in different wave-rotor interaction behaviors. These rotor configurations were tested in a wave tank under various wave conditions. The testing results indicate that all the rotor configurations perform unidirectional rotation about the vertical axis in waves, but the response characteristics are somewhat different. The rotor's unidirectional rotation about its vertical axis is essential in wave energy harvesting since it makes the rotor respond well in a wide range of the wave frequency and in any wave propagation directions. Result comparison among different configurations leads to a preferred rotor design for further hydrodynamic optimization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unidirectional%20rotation" title="unidirectional rotation">unidirectional rotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20axis%20rotor" title=" vertical axis rotor"> vertical axis rotor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20energy%20conversion" title=" wave energy conversion"> wave energy conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave-rotor%20interaction" title=" wave-rotor interaction"> wave-rotor interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121733/effect-of-blade-layout-on-unidirectional-rotation-of-a-vertical-axis-rotor-in-waves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1100</span> Modeling of Hydrogen Production by Inductively Coupled Methane Plasma for Input Power Pin=700W</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelatif%20Gadoum">Abdelatif Gadoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djilali%20Benyoucef"> Djilali Benyoucef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouloudj%20Hadj"> Mouloudj Hadj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alla%20Eddine%20Toubal%20Maamar"> Alla Eddine Toubal Maamar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Habib%20Allah%20%20Lahoual"> Mohamed Habib Allah Lahoual</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen occurs naturally in the form of chemical compounds, most often in water and hydrocarbons. The main objective of this study is 2D modeling of hydrogen production in inductively coupled plasma in methane at low pressure. In the present model, we include the motions and the collisions of both neutral and charged particles by considering 19 species (i.e in total ; neutrals, radicals, ions, and electrons), and more than 120 reactions (electron impact with methane, neutral-neutral, neutral-ions and surface reactions). The results show that the rate conversion of methane reach 90% and the hydrogen production is about 30%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20production" title="hydrogen production">hydrogen production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inductively%20coupled%20plasma" title=" inductively coupled plasma"> inductively coupled plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20model" title=" fluid model"> fluid model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane%20plasma" title=" methane plasma"> methane plasma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123259/modeling-of-hydrogen-production-by-inductively-coupled-methane-plasma-for-input-power-pin700w" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1099</span> Theoretical Investigation of Electronic, Structural and Thermoelectric Properties of Mg₂SiSn (110) Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ramesh">M. Ramesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manish%20K.%20Niranjan"> Manish K. Niranjan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electronic, structural and thermoelectric properties of Mg₂SiSn (110) surface are investigated within the framework of first principle density functional theory and semi classical Boltzmann approach. In particular, directional dependent thermoelectric properties such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and figure of merit are explored. The (110)-oriented Mg₂SiSn surface exhibits narrow indirect band gap of ~0.17 eV. The thermoelectric properties are found to be significant along the y-axis at 300 K and along x-axis at 500 K. The figure of merit (ZT) for hole carrier concentration is found to be significantly large having magnitude 0.83 (along x-axis) at 500 K and 0.26 (y-axis) at 300 K. Our results suggest that Mg₂SiSn (110) surface is promising for various thermoelectric applications due to its overall good thermoelectric properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoelectric" title="thermoelectric">thermoelectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20science" title=" surface science"> surface science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconducting%20silicide" title=" semiconducting silicide"> semiconducting silicide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20principles%20calculations" title=" first principles calculations"> first principles calculations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104968/theoretical-investigation-of-electronic-structural-and-thermoelectric-properties-of-mg2sisn-110-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1098</span> Type of Sun Trackers and Its Controlling Techniques for MPPT</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talha%20Ali%20Khan">Talha Ali Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Discovering different energy resources to full fill the world growing demand is now one of the society’s bigger challenge for the next half-century. The main task is to convert the sun radiation into electricity via photovoltaic solar cells which is suddenly decreasing $/watt of delivered solar electricity. Therefore, in this context, the sun trackers are those devices that can be used to ameliorate efficiency. In this paper, a variety of the sun tracking systems are evaluated and their merits and demerits are highlighted. The most adept and proficient sun-tracking devices are polar axis and azimuth-elevation types. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20axis" title="dual axis">dual axis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20axis" title=" fixed axis"> fixed axis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sun%20tracker" title=" sun tracker"> sun tracker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPPT" title=" MPPT"> MPPT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23390/type-of-sun-trackers-and-its-controlling-techniques-for-mppt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">578</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1097</span> A Survey on the Sun Tracking Systems and Its Principle for Getting Maximum Sun Radiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talha%20Ali%20Khan">Talha Ali Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Discovering different energy resources to fulfill the world's growing demand is now one of the society’s bigger challenges for the next half-century. The main task is to convert the sun radiation into electricity via photovoltaic solar cells which is suddenly decreasing $/watt of delivered solar electricity. Therefore, in this context the sun trackers are those devices that can be used to ameliorate efficiency. In this paper, a variety of the sun tracking systems are evaluated and their merits and demerits are highlighted. The most adept and proficient sun-tracking devices are polar axis and azimuth-elevation types. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20axis" title="dual axis">dual axis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20axis" title=" fixed axis"> fixed axis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sun%20tracker" title=" sun tracker"> sun tracker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sun%20radiation" title=" sun radiation"> sun radiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6802/a-survey-on-the-sun-tracking-systems-and-its-principle-for-getting-maximum-sun-radiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1096</span> Design and Validation of a Darrieus Type Hydrokinetic Turbine for South African Irrigation Canals Experimentally and Computationally</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maritz%20Lourens%20Van%20Rensburg">Maritz Lourens Van Rensburg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chantel%20Niebuhr"> Chantel Niebuhr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Utilizing all available renewable energy sources is an ever-growing necessity, this includes a newfound interest into hydrokinetic energy systems, which open the door to installations where conventional hydropower shows no potential. Optimization and obtaining high efficiencies are key in these installations. In this study a vertical axis Darrieus hydrokinetic turbine is designed and constructed to address certain drawbacks experience by axial flow horizontal axis turbines in an irrigation channel. Many horizontal axis turbines have been well developed and optimized to have high efficiencies but depending on the conditions experienced in an open channel, the performance of these turbines may be adversely affected. The study analyses how the designed vertical axis turbine addresses the problems experienced by a horizontal axis turbine while still achieving a satisfactory efficiency. To be able to optimize the vertical axis turbine, a computational fluid dynamics model was validated to the experimental results obtained from the power generated from a test turbine installation operating at various rotational speeds. It was found that an accurate validated model can be obtained through validation of generated power output. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrokinetic" title="hydrokinetic">hydrokinetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darrieus" title=" Darrieus"> Darrieus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20axis%20turbine" title=" vertical axis turbine "> vertical axis turbine </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120998/design-and-validation-of-a-darrieus-type-hydrokinetic-turbine-for-south-african-irrigation-canals-experimentally-and-computationally" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1095</span> Morphological Anatomical Study of the Axis Vertebra and Its Clinical Orientation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mangala%20M.%20Pai">Mangala M. Pai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20V.%20Murlimanju"> B. V. Murlimanju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latha%20V.%20Prabhu"> Latha V. Prabhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20J.%20Jiji"> P. J. Jiji </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vandana%20Blossom"> Vandana Blossom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background:To study the morphological parameters of the axis vertebra in anatomical specimens. Methods: The present study was designed to obtain the morphometric data of axis vertebra. The superior and inferior articular facets of the axis were macroscopically observed for their shapes and the different parameters were measured using the digital Vernier caliper. It included 20 dried axis bones, which were obtained from the anatomy laboratory. Results: The morphometric data obtained in the present study are represented in the tables. The side wise comparison of the length and width of the articular facets of the axis vertebra were done. The present study observed that, there is no statistically significant difference observed among the parameters of right and left side articular facets (p>0.05). The superior and inferior articular facets were observed to have variable shapes. The frequencies of different shapes of superior and inferior articular facets are represented in figures. All the shapes of the inferior and superior articular facets were symmetrical over the right and left sides. Among the superior articular facets, the constrictions were absent in 13 cases (65%), 2 (10%) exhibited a single constriction, 3 (15%) had 2 constrictions and 2 (10%) were having 3 constrictions. The constrictions were absent in 11 (55%) of the inferior articular facets, 3 (15%) of them had 1 constriction, 3 (15%) were having 2 constrictions, 2 (10%) exhibited 3 constrictions and 1 (5%) of them had 4 constrictions. The constrictions of the inferior and superior articular facets were symmetrical over the right and left sides. Conclusion: We believe that the present study has provided additional information on the morphometric data of the axis vertebra. The data are important to the neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons and radiologists. The preoperative assessment of the axis vertebra may prevent dangerous complications like spinal cord and nerve root compression during the surgical intervention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axis" title="axis">axis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=articular%20facet" title=" articular facet"> articular facet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphometry" title=" morphometry"> morphometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27513/morphological-anatomical-study-of-the-axis-vertebra-and-its-clinical-orientation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1094</span> Design, Development, and Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Cross Axis Wind Turbine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gwani%20M.">Gwani M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20M.%20Kangiwa"> Umar M. Kangiwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bello%20A.%20Umar"> Bello A. Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gado%20A.%20Abubakar"> Gado A. Abubakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions has driven significant interest in the development of innovative designs of wind turbines. The horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) are the dominant type of wind turbine used for power generation. However, these turbines have their respective merits and demerits, which affect their performance. This study introduces a Hybrid Cross Axis Wind Turbine (HCAWT), which integrates the blades of both horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) in a cross-axis configuration with a Savonius rotor to form a hybrid system. The HCAWT combines the self-starting capabilities of Savonius rotors with the high-efficiency characteristics of Darrieus rotors and HAWT, aiming to optimize performance across a range of wind conditions. The performance of the HCAWT was tested and evaluated against a cross-axis wind turbine (CAWT) and a conventional VAWT under similar experimental conditions. The study’s results indicate that the HCAWT outperformed both the CAWT and the conventional VAWT. The power coefficient (Cp) of the HCAWT increases by 83% and 132% compared to that of the CAWT and conventional VAWT, respectively. The findings show that the HCAWT offers better start-up performance and maintains higher efficiency at lower wind speeds compared to CAWT and conventional VAWT. The findings suggest that the HCAWT offers significant improvements in energy capture, particularly in turbulent wind conditions, and greater adaptability to changing wind conditions, making it a viable option for both urban and rural energy applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title="renewable energy">renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20axis%20wind%20turbine" title=" cross axis wind turbine"> cross axis wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193554/design-development-and-performance-evaluation-of-hybrid-cross-axis-wind-turbine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">10</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1093</span> A Building Structure Health Monitoring DeviceBased on Cost Effective 1-Axis Accelerometers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih%20Hsing%20Lin">Chih Hsing Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Ching%20Chen"> Wen-Ching Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ssu-Ying%20Chen"> Ssu-Ying Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Chyau%20Yang"> Chih-Chyau Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Ming%20Wu"> Chien-Ming Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Ming%20Huang"> Chun-Ming Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Critical structures such as buildings, bridges and dams require periodic inspections to ensure safe operation. The reliable inspection of structures can be achieved by combing temperature sensor and accelerometers. In this work, we propose a building structure health monitoring device (BSHMD) with using three 1-axis accelerometers, gateway, analog to digital converter (ADC), and data logger to monitoring the building structure. The proposed BSHMD achieves the features of low cost by using three 1-axis accelerometers with the data synchronization problem being solved, and easily installation and removal. Furthermore, we develop a packet acquisition program to receive the sensed data and then classify it based on time and date. Compared with 3-axis accelerometer, our proposed 1-axis accelerometers based device achieves 64.3% cost saving. Compared with previous structural monitoring device, the BSHMD achieves 89% area saving. Therefore, with using the proposed device, the realtime diagnosis system for building damage monitoring can be conducted effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20structure%20health%20monitoring" title="building structure health monitoring">building structure health monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20effective" title=" cost effective"> cost effective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1-axis%20accelerometers" title=" 1-axis accelerometers"> 1-axis accelerometers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20diagnosis" title=" real-time diagnosis"> real-time diagnosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54760/a-building-structure-health-monitoring-devicebased-on-cost-effective-1-axis-accelerometers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1092</span> Nonparametric Estimation of Risk-Neutral Densities via Empirical Esscher Transform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoel%20Pereira">Manoel Pereira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alvaro%20Veiga"> Alvaro Veiga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camila%20Epprecht"> Camila Epprecht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renato%20Costa"> Renato Costa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces an empirical version of the Esscher transform for risk-neutral option pricing. Traditional parametric methods require the formulation of an explicit risk-neutral model and are operational only for a few probability distributions for the returns of the underlying. In our proposal, we make only mild assumptions on the pricing kernel and there is no need for the formulation of the risk-neutral model for the returns. First, we simulate sample paths for the returns under the physical distribution. Then, based on the empirical Esscher transform, the sample is reweighted, giving rise to a risk-neutralized sample from which derivative prices can be obtained by a weighted sum of the options pay-offs in each path. We compare our proposal with some traditional parametric pricing methods in four experiments with artificial and real data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esscher%20transform" title="esscher transform">esscher transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20autoregressive%20Conditional%20Heteroscedastic%20%28GARCH%29" title=" generalized autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH)"> generalized autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonparametric%20option%20pricing" title=" nonparametric option pricing"> nonparametric option pricing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20964/nonparametric-estimation-of-risk-neutral-densities-via-empirical-esscher-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1091</span> Eliminating Cutter-Path Deviation For Five-Axis Nc Machining</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20C.%20Lin">Alan C. Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsong%20Der%20Lin"> Tsong Der Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study proposes a deviation control method to add interpolation points to numerical control (NC) codes of five-axis machining in order to achieve the required machining accuracy. Specific research issues include: (1) converting machining data between the CL (cutter location) domain and the NC domain, (2) calculating the deviation between the deviated path and the linear path, (3) finding interpolation points, and (4) determining tool orientations for the interpolation points. System implementation with practical examples will also be included to highlight the applicability of the proposed methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAD%2FCAM" title="CAD/CAM">CAD/CAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutter%20path" title=" cutter path"> cutter path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=five-axis%20machining" title=" five-axis machining"> five-axis machining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20control" title=" numerical control"> numerical control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30394/eliminating-cutter-path-deviation-for-five-axis-nc-machining" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1090</span> Prosody Generation in Neutral Speech Storytelling Application Using Tilt Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manjare%20Chandraprabha%20A.">Manjare Chandraprabha A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20D.%20Shirbahadurkar"> S. D. Shirbahadurkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manjare%20Anil%20S."> Manjare Anil S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paithne%20Ajay%20N."> Paithne Ajay N.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes Intonation Modeling for Prosody generation in Neutral speech for Marathi (language spoken in Maharashtra, India) story telling applications. Nowadays audio story telling devices are very eminent for children. In this paper, we proposed tilt model for stressed words in Marathi for speech modification. Tilt model predicts modification in tone of neutral speech. GMM is used to identify stressed words for modification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tilt%20model" title="tilt model">tilt model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20frequency" title=" fundamental frequency"> fundamental frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20parametric%20speech%20synthesis" title=" statistical parametric speech synthesis"> statistical parametric speech synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GMM" title=" GMM"> GMM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41549/prosody-generation-in-neutral-speech-storytelling-application-using-tilt-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1089</span> Photoelastic Analysis of the Proximal Femur in Deviations of the Mechanical Axis of the Lower Limb</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20F.%20Fakhouri">S. F. Fakhouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.M.%20Shimano"> M.M. Shimano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Maranho"> D. Maranho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20A.%20Ara%C3%BAjo"> C. A. Araújo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20V.%20Guimar%C3%A3es"> M. V. Guimarães</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20C.%20Shimano"> A. C. Shimano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20B.%20Volpon"> J. B. Volpon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pathological deviations of the mechanical axis of the lower limbs deeply alter the stress distributions on the femur and tibia and the hip, knee, and ankle articulations. The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of pathological deviations in different levels of the lower limbs in the distribution of stress in the proximal femur region using photoelasticity of plane transmission. For most of the types of deviations studied, the results showed that the internal stress was generally higher in the calcar region than in the trochanteric region, followed by the third distal of the femur head. This study allowed for the development of better criteria for the correction of angular deviations and helped identify the deviations that are most harmful to the mechanical axis in terms of the effects on the bone and the articular effort of the lower limbs. These results will lead to future improvements in studies on prostheses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alignment" title="alignment">alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deviations" title=" deviations"> deviations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inferior%20limbs" title=" inferior limbs"> inferior limbs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20axis" title=" mechanical axis"> mechanical axis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoelasticity" title=" photoelasticity"> photoelasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8963/photoelastic-analysis-of-the-proximal-femur-in-deviations-of-the-mechanical-axis-of-the-lower-limb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1088</span> The Influence of Machine Tool Composite Stiffness to the Surface Waviness When Processing Posture Constantly Switching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song%20Zhiyong">Song Zhiyong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Bo"> Zhao Bo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Du%20Li"> Du Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Wei"> Wang Wei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aircraft structures generally have complex surface. Because of constantly switching postures of motion axis, five-axis CNC machine’s composite stiffness changes during CNC machining. It gives rise to different amplitude of vibration of processing system, which further leads to the different effects on surface waviness. In order to provide a solution for this problem, we take the “S” shape test specimen’s CNC machining for the object, through calculate the five axis CNC machine’s composite stiffness and establish vibration model, we analysis of the influence mechanism between vibration amplitude and surface waviness. Through carry out the surface quality measurement experiments, verify the validity and accuracy of the theoretical analysis. This paper’s research results provide a theoretical basis for surface waviness control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=five%20axis%20CNC%20machine" title="five axis CNC machine">five axis CNC machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%80%9CS%E2%80%9D%20shape%20test%20specimen" title=" “S” shape test specimen"> “S” shape test specimen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20stiffness" title=" composite stiffness"> composite stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20waviness" title=" surface waviness"> surface waviness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1673/the-influence-of-machine-tool-composite-stiffness-to-the-surface-waviness-when-processing-posture-constantly-switching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1087</span> Review of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amare%20Worku">Amare Worku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harikrishnan%20Muralidharan"> Harikrishnan Muralidharan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research for more environmentally friendly sources of energy is a result of growing environmental awareness. In this aspect, wind energy is a very good option and there are two different wind turbines, horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and vertical axis turbine (VAWT). For locations outside of integrated grid networks, vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) present a feasible solution. However, those turbines have several drawbacks related to various setups, VAWT has a very low efficiency when compared with HAWT, but they work under different conditions and installation areas. This paper reviewed numerous measurements taken to improve the efficiency of VAWT configurations, either directly or indirectly related to the performance efficiency of the turbine. Additionally, the comparison and advantages of HAWT and VAWT turbines and also the findings of the design methodologies used for the VAWT design have been reviewed together with efficiency enhancement revision. Most of the newly modified designs are based on the turbine blade structure modification but need other studies on behalf other than electromechanical modification. Some of the techniques, like continuous variation of pitch angle control and swept area control, are not the most effective since VAWT is Omni-directional, and so wind direction is not a problem like HAWT. Hybrid system technology has become one of the most important and efficient methods to enhance the efficiency of VAWT. Besides hybridization, the contra-rotating method is also good if the installation area is big enough in an urban area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title="wind turbine">wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20axis%20wind%20turbine" title=" horizontal axis wind turbine"> horizontal axis wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20axis%20wind%20turbine" title=" vertical axis wind turbine"> vertical axis wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybridization" title=" hybridization"> hybridization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163049/review-of-vertical-axis-wind-turbine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1086</span> Investigation of Biocorrosion in Brass by Arthrobacter sulfureus in Neutral Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramachandran%20Manivannan">Ramachandran Manivannan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Sakthi%20Swaroop"> B. Sakthi Swaroop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selvam%20Noyel%20Victoria"> Selvam Noyel Victoria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microbial corrosion of brass gauze by the aerobic film forming bacteria Arthrobacter sulfurous in neutral media was investigated using gravimetric studies. Maximum weight loss of 166.98 mg was observed for a period of 28 days of exposure to the bacterial medium as against the weight loss of 13.69 mg for control. The optical density studies for the bacterial culture was found to show attainment of stationary phase in 48 h. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the samples shows the presence of pitting corrosion. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis of the samples showed increased oxygen and phosphorus content in the sample due to bacterial activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arthrobacter%20sulfureus" title="Arthrobacter sulfureus">Arthrobacter sulfureus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocorrosion" title=" biocorrosion"> biocorrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brass" title=" brass"> brass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20medium" title=" neutral medium"> neutral medium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92760/investigation-of-biocorrosion-in-brass-by-arthrobacter-sulfureus-in-neutral-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20axis&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20axis&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20axis&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20axis&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20axis&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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