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href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_speaking_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_speaking_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>German speaking countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_speaking_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_and_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_and_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Britain and Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_and_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Professional_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1.1</span> <span>Professional schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2</span> <span>Secondary education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF_(%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="عميد (أكاديمية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عميد (أكاديمية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan" title="Dekan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dekan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Декан (длъжност) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Декан (длъжност)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan" title="Dekan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dekan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deg%C3%A0_(educaci%C3%B3)" title="Degà (educació) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Degà (educació)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%9Bkan" title="Děkan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Děkan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan" title="Dekan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dekan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan_(Hochschule)" title="Dekan (Hochschule) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dekan (Hochschule)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekaan" title="Dekaan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dekaan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decano_(educaci%C3%B3n)" title="Decano (educación) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Decano (educación)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekano_(edukado)" title="Dekano (edukado) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dekano (edukado)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doyen_(universit%C3%A9)" title="Doyen (université) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Doyen (université)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan_(naslov)" title="Dekan (naslov) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dekan (naslov)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan" title="Dekan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dekan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9F" title="דקאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דקאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Декан – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Декан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekanas" title="Dekanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dekanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9k%C3%A1n_(fels%C5%91oktat%C3%A1s)" title="Dékán (felsőoktatás) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dékán (felsőoktatás)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Декан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Декан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan_(pendidikan)" title="Dekan (pendidikan) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dekan (pendidikan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decaan_(universiteit)" title="Decaan (universiteit) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Decaan (universiteit)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3_(%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2)" title="ディーン (教育) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ディーン (教育)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan" title="Dekan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dekan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan" title="Dekan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dekan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Декан – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Декан" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan" title="Dekan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dekan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziekan_(szkolnictwo_wy%C5%BCsze)" title="Dziekan (szkolnictwo wyższe) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dziekan (szkolnictwo wyższe)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decano_(educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" title="Decano (educação) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Decano (educação)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan" title="Dekan – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Dekan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decan_(educa%C8%9Bie)" title="Decan (educație) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Decan (educație)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Декан (образование) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Декан (образование)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekani" title="Dekani – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dekani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1" title="අංශ ප්‍රධාන – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අංශ ප්‍රධාන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_(education)" title="Dean (education) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dean (education)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan_(vysok%C3%A1_%C5%A1kola)" title="Dekan (vysoká škola) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dekan (vysoká škola)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan_(%C5%A1olstvo)" title="Dekan (šolstvo) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dekan (šolstvo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Декан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Декан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan_(titula)" title="Dekan (titula) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dekan (titula)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekaani" title="Dekaani – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dekaani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekanus" title="Dekanus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dekanus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekano_(punong-guro)" title="Dekano (punong-guro) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dekano (punong-guro)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="คณบดี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คณบดี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekan" title="Dekan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dekan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Декан (посада) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Декан (посада)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ڈین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈین" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Academic title</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Dean</b> is a title employed in <a href="/wiki/Academic_administration" title="Academic administration">academic administrations</a> such as colleges or universities for a person with significant authority over a specific <a href="/wiki/Academia" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia">academic</a> unit, over a specific area of concern, or both. In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, deans are usually university professors who serve as the heads of a university's constituent colleges and schools. Deans are common in private <a href="/wiki/University-preparatory_school" class="mw-redirect" title="University-preparatory school">preparatory schools</a>, and occasionally found in <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">middle schools</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high schools</a> as well. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dean_(education)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dean_(Christianity)" title="Dean (Christianity)">Dean (Christianity)</a></div> <p>A "dean" (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Decanus" title="Decanus">decanus</a></i>) was originally the head of a group of ten soldiers or monks. Eventually an <a href="/wiki/Dean_(Christianity)" title="Dean (Christianity)">ecclesiastical dean</a> became the head of a group of <a href="/wiki/Canon_(clergy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon (clergy)">canons</a> or other religious groups. </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">universities</a> grew out of the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_school" title="Cathedral school">cathedral schools</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monastic_school" title="Monastic school">monastic schools</a>, the title of dean was used for officials with various administrative duties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dean_(education)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bulgaria_and_Romania">Bulgaria and Romania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dean_(education)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bulgaria and Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romanian</a> universities, a dean is the head of a <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(division)" title="Faculty (division)">faculty</a>, which may include several academic departments. Every faculty unit of university or academy. The dean can appoint his deputies: a vice dean of university work and vice dean of science activity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dean_(education)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Russian universities, a dean (декан) is default name for the head of a <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(division)" title="Faculty (division)">faculty</a>, which is equivalent of a department. Administrative body of a <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(division)" title="Faculty (division)">faculty</a> is called a "decanate" (деканат). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dean_(education)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a Canadian university or a college, a dean is typically the head of a <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(division)" title="Faculty (division)">faculty</a>, which may include several academic departments. Typical positions include dean of arts, dean of engineering, dean of science and dean of business. Many universities also have a dean of graduate studies, responsible for work at the postgraduate level in all parts of the university. </p><p>The job description for deans at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo" title="University of Waterloo">University of Waterloo</a> is probably typical, and reads in part, "The dean of a faculty is primarily a university officer, serving in that capacity on the senate, appropriate major committees and on other university bodies. As university officer, the dean has the dual role of making independent judgments on total university matters and representing the particular faculty's policies and points of view. The dean should oversee the particular faculty's relations with other faculties to ensure that they are harmonious and serve the total university's objectives. The dean will report directly to the vice president, academic and provost."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There may be associate deans responsible to the dean for particular administrative functions. <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> also uses the title of <b>pro-dean</b> to refer to the ad hoc officer responsible for administering a PhD thesis defence. They serve as the direct representative of the dean of graduate and postdoctoral studies and are responsible for the defence being handled in strict correspondence with the university regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_speaking_countries">German speaking countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dean_(education)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: German speaking countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In German speaking countries the Dean ('Dekan') is the head of an academic unit on the secondary level of a university, in most cases a faculty. Each university has broad discretion in grouping individual subjects together to form faculties, in some cases this might lead to a relatively loose compound of self-administered departments with a comparably weak dean's role, in other cases faculties might be organised in a more centralised manner. The dean is usually always a senior professorial member of the faculty, elected by the faculty council. Deans are not appointed by the university leadership but are an expression of the faculty's right to academic self-administration. </p><p>A dean is aided by several pro-deans (Prodekan) who take over certain responsibilities of faculty administration and by an assistant dean (Dekanatsrat). The pro-deans are likewise elected professorial members of the faculty, while the assistant dean is usually a longterm administrative role with a strong academic background. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Britain_and_Ireland">Britain and Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dean_(education)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Britain and Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">universities</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> the term <i>dean</i> is used for the head of a <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(division)" title="Faculty (division)">faculty</a>, a collection of related academic departments. Examples include <i>Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities</i>. Similar usage is found in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. </p><p>In collegiate universities such as <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, each college may have a dean who is responsible for discipline. An interview with the dean as a result of misbehaviour is referred to as a being <i>deaned</i>. The dean may also, or instead, be responsible for the running of the college chapel. At <a href="/wiki/Queens%27_College,_Cambridge" title="Queens' College, Cambridge">Queens' College, Cambridge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Cambridge" title="Jesus College, Cambridge">Jesus College, Cambridge</a>, for example, the posts of <i>Dean of College</i> and <i>Dean of Chapel</i> are separate;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> likewise at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a>, the posts of senior and junior deans (charged with the discipline of junior and senior members respectively) are distinct from the deans of residence (who organise worship in the college chapel). At <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford" title="Magdalen College, Oxford">Magdalen College, Oxford</a> the chaplain is referred to as the Dean of Divinity, and is separate from the Discipline Dean and the Welfare Dean. At <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> the dean of the cathedral is the head of <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham University</a> has executive deans of the four faculties (including <a href="/wiki/Durham_University_Business_School" title="Durham University Business School">Durham University Business School</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The head of department at <a href="/wiki/Durham_Law_School" title="Durham Law School">Durham Law School</a> is also titled dean.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/List_of_deans_of_King%27s_College_London" title="List of deans of King's College London">dean of King's College London</a> is an unusual role among British universities, in that the dean is an ordained minister, responsible for overseeing the spiritual development and welfare of all students and staff, as well as fostering vocations among the worshiping community.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each of the colleges of the <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_University" title="Lancaster University">University of Lancaster</a> has a dean in charge of student discipline. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dean_(education)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dean_(education)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term and position of dean is prevalent in American <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>. Although usage differs from one institution to another, the title is used in two principal ways: </p> <ul><li>A dean is usually the head of a significant collection of departments within a <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a> (e.g., "dean of the downtown campus", "dean of the college of arts and sciences", "dean of the school of medicine"), with responsibilities for approving faculty hiring, setting academic policies, overseeing the budget, <a href="/wiki/Fundraising" title="Fundraising">fundraising</a>, and other administrative duties. Such a dean is usually a <a href="/wiki/Academic_tenure" title="Academic tenure">tenured</a> <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> from one of the departments but gives up most teaching and research activities upon assuming the deanship.</li> <li>Other senior administrative positions in higher education may also carry the title of dean (or a lesser title such as associate dean or assistant dean). For example, many colleges and universities have a position known as "dean of students", who is in charge of <a href="/wiki/Student_affairs" title="Student affairs">student affairs</a>, and a "dean of the faculty", who serves as an intermediary between the higher administration and faculty in the school's day-to-day administration.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Professional_schools">Professional schools</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dean_(education)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Professional schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Almost every <a href="/wiki/Law_school_in_the_United_States" title="Law school in the United States">American law school</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">medical school</a>, or other professional school is part of a university, and so refers to its highest-ranking administrator as a dean. Most have several assistant or associate deans as well (such as an associate dean of academics or an associate dean of students), as well as a select few vice deans. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">American Bar Association</a> regulations on the operation of law schools, which must be followed for such an institution to receive and maintain ABA accreditation, define the role of the <a href="/wiki/Law_school_dean" title="Law school dean">law school dean</a>. These regulations specify that "A law school shall have a full-time dean, selected by the governing board or its designee, to whom the dean shall be responsible."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, a law school dean may not simply be a professor selected by fellow professors, nor even by the president of the university. </p><p>Similar standards exist with respect to medical school deans. Specifically, the <a href="/wiki/Liaison_Committee_on_Medical_Education" title="Liaison Committee on Medical Education">Liaison Committee on Medical Education</a> (LCME), which accredits medical schools, thereby making them eligible for federal grants and state licensure, sets forth the operative conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LCME regulations require that the "chief official of the medical school, who usually holds the title 'dean,' must have ready access to the university president or other university official charged with final responsibility for the school, and to other university officials as are necessary to fulfill the responsibilities of the dean's office."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LCME further require that the dean "must be qualified by education and experience to provide leadership in medical education, scholarly activity, and care of patients"<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that "[t]he dean and a committee of the faculty should determine medical school policies."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Secondary_education">Secondary education</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dean_(education)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Secondary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term or office of dean is much less common in American <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a>. Although most <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">high schools</a> are led by a <a href="/wiki/Head_teacher" title="Head teacher">principal</a> or headmaster, a few (particularly private <a href="/wiki/College-preparatory_school" title="College-preparatory school">preparatory schools</a>) refer to their chief authority as a dean. In large schools or some boarding schools there may be a dean of men or boys, and a dean of women or girls, or each year (freshman, sophomore, etc.) may have a dean. Some <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">junior high schools</a> and high schools have a teacher or administrator referred to as a dean who is in charge of <a href="/wiki/School_discipline" title="School discipline">student discipline</a> and to some degree administrative services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dean_(education)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dean_(Christianity)" title="Dean (Christianity)">Dean (Christianity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Dean (disambiguation)">Dean (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">Rector (academia)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dean_(education)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/secretariat-general-counsel/policies-procedures-guidelines/policy-45">"Policy 45 – The Dean of a Faculty"</a>. <i>University of Waterloo Secretariat</i>. 4 February 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140726202351/http://uwaterloo.ca/secretariat-general-counsel/policies-procedures-guidelines/policy-45">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Waterloo+Secretariat&rft.atitle=Policy+45+%E2%80%93+The+Dean+of+a+Faculty&rft.date=2003-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuwaterloo.ca%2Fsecretariat-general-counsel%2Fpolicies-procedures-guidelines%2Fpolicy-45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADean+%28education%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcgill.ca/gps/thesis/thesis-guidelines/oral-defence">"Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies - Doctoral Oral Defence"</a>. <i>McGill University</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190510174145/https://www.mcgill.ca/gps/thesis/thesis-guidelines/oral-defence">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=McGill+University&rft.atitle=Graduate+and+Postdoctoral+Studies+-+Doctoral+Oral+Defence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgill.ca%2Fgps%2Fthesis%2Fthesis-guidelines%2Foral-defence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADean+%28education%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017131551/http://www.queens.cam.ac.uk/student-information/spiritual-life-at-queens/chapel-and-services">"Chapel and Services"</a>. <i>Queens' College Cambridge</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.queens.cam.ac.uk/student-information/spiritual-life-at-queens/chapel-and-services">the original</a> on 17 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Queens%27+College+Cambridge&rft.atitle=Chapel+and+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.queens.cam.ac.uk%2Fstudent-information%2Fspiritual-life-at-queens%2Fchapel-and-services&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADean+%28education%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216173124/http://www.jesus.cam.ac.uk/fellows-staff/fellows-research-associates/college-officers/">"College Officers"</a>. <i>Jesus College Cambridge</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jesus.cam.ac.uk/fellows-staff/fellows-research-associates/college-officers/">the original</a> on 16 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jesus+College+Cambridge&rft.atitle=College+Officers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jesus.cam.ac.uk%2Ffellows-staff%2Ffellows-research-associates%2Fcollege-officers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADean+%28education%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230106055430/https://www.dur.ac.uk/news/newsitem/?itemno=39331">"Meet our new Executive Deans"</a>. <i>Durham University</i>. 12 July 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dur.ac.uk/news/newsitem/?itemno=39331">the original</a> on 6 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Durham+University&rft.atitle=Meet+our+new+Executive+Deans&rft.date=2019-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dur.ac.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewsitem%2F%3Fitemno%3D39331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADean+%28education%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.durham.ac.uk/departments/academic/law/about-us/staff/academic-management-team/">"Academic Management Team"</a>. <i>Durham Law School</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212012217/https://www.durham.ac.uk/departments/academic/law/about-us/staff/academic-management-team/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Durham+Law+School&rft.atitle=Academic+Management+Team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.durham.ac.uk%2Fdepartments%2Facademic%2Flaw%2Fabout-us%2Fstaff%2Facademic-management-team%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADean+%28education%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/principal/dean/thedean/why">"Welcome to the Dean's Office | Dean's Office | King's College London"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200214023135/https://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/principal/dean/thedean/why">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+the+Dean%27s+Office+%26%23124%3B+Dean%27s+Office+%26%23124%3B+King%27s+College+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcl.ac.uk%2Faboutkings%2Fprincipal%2Fdean%2Fthedean%2Fwhy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADean+%28education%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100728004420/http://www.abanet.org/legaled/standards/20082009StandardsWebContent/Chapter%202.pdf">"ABA Standards for Approval of Law Schools, Standard 206(a)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Bar Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abanet.org/legaled/standards/20082009StandardsWebContent/Chapter%202.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ABA+Standards+for+Approval+of+Law+Schools%2C+Standard+206%28a%29&rft.pub=American+Bar+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abanet.org%2Flegaled%2Fstandards%2F20082009StandardsWebContent%2FChapter%25202.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADean+%28education%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20020612110929/http://www.lcme.org/functionslist.htm">"LCME Accreditation Standards (in list format, with annotations)"</a>. Liaison Committee on Medical Education. 23 May 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lcme.org/functionslist.htm#governance%20and%20administration">the original</a> on 12 June 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LCME+Accreditation+Standards+%28in+list+format%2C+with+annotations%29&rft.pub=Liaison+Committee+on+Medical+Education&rft.date=2002-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lcme.org%2Ffunctionslist.htm%23governance%2520and%2520administration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADean+%28education%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IS-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IS-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">FA-12.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dean_(education)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Buller, Jeffrey L, <i>The Essential Academic Dean: A Practical Guide to College Leadership</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-470-18086-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-470-18086-2">0-470-18086-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dean_(education)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011154626/http://imperial.ac.uk:80/P8100.htm">"What Does It Mean to Be a Dean?"</a>. Imperial College, London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imperial.ac.uk/P8100.htm">the original</a> on 11 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Does+It+Mean+to+Be+a+Dean%3F&rft.pub=Imperial+College%2C+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2FP8100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADean+%28education%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170911162604/http://law.wustl.edu/Alumni/Magazine/Fall2005/threepriniciples.pdf">"Three Principles of Effective Deaning"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Toledo Law Review. 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.wustl.edu/Alumni/Magazine/Fall2005/threepriniciples.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Three+Principles+of+Effective+Deaning&rft.pub=Toledo+Law+Review&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw.wustl.edu%2FAlumni%2FMagazine%2FFall2005%2Fthreepriniciples.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADean+%28education%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newfoundations.com/OrgTheory/DiFronzo721b.html">"The Academic Dean"</a>. Widener University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Academic+Dean&rft.pub=Widener+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newfoundations.com%2FOrgTheory%2FDiFronzo721b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADean+%28education%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511202818/http://www.hss.ed.ac.uk/Admin/keyPeople/Associate-Dean-Academic-Progress.htm">"Associate Dean"</a>. University of Edinburgh College of Humanities and Social Science. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hss.ed.ac.uk/Admin/keyPeople/Associate-Dean-Academic-Progress.htm">the original</a> on 11 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Associate+Dean&rft.pub=University+of+Edinburgh+College+of+Humanities+and+Social+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hss.ed.ac.uk%2FAdmin%2FkeyPeople%2FAssociate-Dean-Academic-Progress.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADean+%28education%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511124718/http://www.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/humnet/adpgr/">"Associate Dean (Postgraduate Research)"</a>. University of Manchester. 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