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searchaux" style="display:none">1795 poetry book by William Blake</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">The Book of Ahania <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Ahania&rft.author=%5B%5BWilliam+Blake%5D%5D&rft.date=1795&rft.place=%5B%5BEngland%5D%5D"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Book_of_Ahania_copy_A_plate_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/The_Book_of_Ahania_copy_A_plate_02.jpg/220px-The_Book_of_Ahania_copy_A_plate_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/The_Book_of_Ahania_copy_A_plate_02.jpg/330px-The_Book_of_Ahania_copy_A_plate_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/The_Book_of_Ahania_copy_A_plate_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="554" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Title page from the <i>Book of Ahania</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1795</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Los" title="The Book of Los">The Book of Los</a> </i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Book of Ahania</b></i> is one of the English poet <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>'s <a href="/wiki/William_Blake%27s_prophetic_books" title="William Blake's prophetic books">prophetic books</a>. It was published in 1795, illustrated by Blake's own plates. </p><p>The poem of the book consists of six chapters. The content concerns Fuzon, a son of <a href="/wiki/Urizen" title="Urizen">Urizen</a>, a <i>Zoa</i> or major aspect in <a href="/wiki/Blake%27s_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Blake's mythology">Blake's mythology</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ahania" title="Ahania">Ahania</a> of the title is Urizen's female counterpart. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Book_of_Ahania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During autumn 1790, Blake moved to Lambeth, Surrey. He had a studio at the new house that he used while writing his what were later called his "Lambeth Books", which included <i>The Book of Ahania</i> in 1795. Like the others under the title, all aspects of the work, including the composition of the designs, the printing of them, the colouring of them, and the selling of them, happened at his home.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Book of Ahania</i> was one of the few works that Blake describes as "<a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated</a> printing", one of his colour printed works with the coloured ink being placed on the copperplate before printed.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both <i>The Book of Los</i> and <i>The Book of Ahania</i> were the same size, produced at the same time, and were probably etched on opposing sides of the same copper-plates. Both works were the only ones by Blake to have <a href="/wiki/Intaglio_(printmaking)" title="Intaglio (printmaking)">intaglio</a> etchings instead of relief etchings.<sup id="cite_ref-Bentley_2003_p._156_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bentley_2003_p._156-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, both works were colour-printed, where the various coloured inks were directly applied to the etching instead of added in later.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although separate copies of individual plates exist, only one complete version of the <i>Ahania</i> exists, which is in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Book_of_Ahania_copy_A_plate_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/The_Book_of_Ahania_copy_A_plate_01.jpg/220px-The_Book_of_Ahania_copy_A_plate_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/The_Book_of_Ahania_copy_A_plate_01.jpg/330px-The_Book_of_Ahania_copy_A_plate_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/The_Book_of_Ahania_copy_A_plate_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>Frontispiece to <i>Ahania</i>, showing Urizen destroying his emanation Ahania</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poem">Poem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Book_of_Ahania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Poem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urizen_and_Ahania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Urizen_and_Ahania.jpg/220px-Urizen_and_Ahania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Urizen_and_Ahania.jpg/330px-Urizen_and_Ahania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Urizen_and_Ahania.jpg/440px-Urizen_and_Ahania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1864" /></a><figcaption>Blake's pencil sketch for the above plate. Note that the image is reversed by the printing process</figcaption></figure> <p>The story begins with Fuzon rebelling against Urizen, his father: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>"Shall we worship this Demon of Smoke,"<br /> Said Fuzon, "This abstract non-entity<br /> This cloudy God seated on Waters<br /> Now seen, now obscur'd; King of sorrow?"<sup id="cite_ref-Bentley_2003_p._156_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bentley_2003_p._156-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Lines 10–13</cite></div></blockquote> <p>After the verbal attack, Fuzon attacks Urizen with fire and declares himself God. This leads to the creation of the tree of mystery by Urizen by accident followed by the nailing of Fuzon's body to it: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Amaz'd started Urizen! when<br /> He beheld himself compassed round<br /> And high roofed over with trees<br /> He arose but the stems stood so thick<br /> He with difficulty and great pain<br /> Brought his Books, all but the Book<br /> Of iron, from the dismal shade<sup id="cite_ref-Bentley_2003_p._156_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bentley_2003_p._156-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Lines 116–122</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The poem continues with Ahania lamenting her disconnection from Urizen: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Cruel jealousy! selfish fear!<br /> Self-destroying: how can delight<br /> Renew in these chains of darkness<sup id="cite_ref-Bentley_2003_p._156_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bentley_2003_p._156-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Lines 233–235</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Book_of_Ahania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Book of Ahania</i>, along with <i>The Book of Los</i>, serves as an experimental revision of <i>The Book of Urizen</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bentley_2003_p._156_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bentley_2003_p._156-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the poem takes its name from the Emanation of Urizen that he discarded.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloom_p._79_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloom_p._79-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The end of <i>The Book of Urizen</i> describes the end of the African civilization, which is the third of seven cycles and describes the Garden of Eden story. The book closes with Orc being cursed as the serpent, and <i>The Book of Ahania</i> discusses the next cycle happening within Asia. The work parallels Exodus, and it describes how the Orc figure and the Urizen figure struggle for dominance over the Israelites. The Orc figure is connected to the pillar of fire that is seen at night and Urizen is the pillar of cloud during the day that, in Blake, confuses them. However, Urizen is able to finally defeat Orc when the Israelites accept the ten commandments. This leads to a death of the Israeli culture symbolised by the serpent on Moses's pole, which is also symbol of Orc's death. This is finalised with the Israelites returning from their revolution against Egypt to a state that is exactly like that under Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The story of Orc and Urizen is an allegorical tale in which the young destroy the old, with Urizen representing the sterile, old figure that can only destroy and not create. However, in <i>The Book of Ahania</i>, Urizen is able to have a son, Fuzon, which is the embodiment of fire and an Orc figure. This connects the Orc and Urizen figures. Fuzon/Orc is also connected to many Biblical and Classical individuals, including Esau, the rival of Jacob who was forced to wander the desert. Another individual is David's son Absalom who rebelled against the traditional Jewish theological system. He was stabbed with a spear and hanged by his hair. Other individuals include Samson, Baldar, Odin, and Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a whole, <i>The Book of Ahania</i> describes themes and ideas that are later brought up again in <i>The Four Zoas</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloom_p._79_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloom_p._79-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ahania, the manifestation of intellectual desire, is sexual in a fallen state and dismissed by Urizen as sinful. However, as picked up in the later work, Ahania is necessary for a divine wisdom to be attained.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work also portrays Ahania as a solitary individual that spends her time lamenting. In regards to the story, her lament is in response to the fighting between Urizen and Fuzon, which is similar to the grieving widow, Lorma, within the Ossian poems. This is taken up once again in <i>Europe a Prophecy</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Book of Ahania</i> was the first work of Blake's to mention his Tree of Mystery. The Tree symbolically connects Christianity with Druidic belief, and makes the argument that Christianity is a continuation of previous customs. The image is also connected to Edmund Burke's describing of the English nation as connected to the English oak. Those, like Blake, that were revolutionary minded believed that the tree should be cut down and a Tree of Liberty should replace it. The Druidic imagery was also continued in the work in the image of human sacrifice through the form of the crucifixion which comes when Urizen nails the dead Fuzon to the Tree of Mystery. In this aspect, the tree is similar to the tree that was sacred to Odin and grew throughout the universe. Blake uses this pagan connection to undermine the authority of Christianity, which was likewise done by those like Thomas Paine, other radicals. The tree as image attacking both traditional government and orthodox Christianity is used by many radicals.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Book_of_Ahania&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bentley 2003 pp. 122–124</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bentley 2003 pp. 149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bentley_2003_p._156-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bentley_2003_p._156_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bentley_2003_p._156_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bentley_2003_p._156_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bentley_2003_p._156_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bentley_2003_p._156_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bentley 2003 p. 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bentley 2003 p. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blakearchive.org/exist/blake/archive/work.xq?workid=ahania&java=no">The William Blake Archive</a>, retrieved 20 October 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloom_p._79-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bloom_p._79_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloom_p._79_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloom 1993 p. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frye 1990 pp. 213–214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frye 1990 pp. 214–215</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloom 1993 p. 85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mee 2002 pp. 81–82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mee 2002 pp. 7, 97–100</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_references">General references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Book_of_Ahania&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: General references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bentley, G. E. Jr. <i>The Stranger from Paradise</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003.</li> <li>Bloom, Harold. <i>The Visionary Company</i>. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993.</li> <li>Damon, S. Foster. <i>A Blake Dictionary</i>. Hanover: University Press of New England, 1988.</li> <li>Frye, Northrop. <i>Fearful Symmetry</i>. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.</li> <li>Mee, Jon. <i>Dangerous Enthusiasm</i>. 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:William_Blake" title="Template:William Blake"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:William_Blake" title="Template talk:William Blake"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:William_Blake" title="Special:EditPage/Template:William Blake"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="William_Blake" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div id="Literary_works" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Literary works</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Poetical_Sketches" title="Poetical Sketches">Poetical Sketches</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Island_in_the_Moon" title="An Island in the Moon">An Island in the Moon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Religions_are_One" title="All Religions are One">All Religions are One</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/There_is_No_Natural_Religion" title="There is No Natural Religion">There is No Natural Religion</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Innocence_and_of_Experience" title="Songs of Innocence and of Experience">Songs of Innocence<br /> and of Experience</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Songs of Innocence</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Shepherd_(Blake)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Shepherd (Blake)">The Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Echoing_Green" title="The Echoing Green">The Ecchoing Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lamb_(poem)" title="The Lamb (poem)">The Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Black_Boy" title="The Little Black Boy">The Little Black Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blossom" title="The Blossom">The Blossom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chimney_Sweeper" title="The Chimney Sweeper">The Chimney Sweeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Boy_Lost" title="The Little Boy Lost">The Little Boy Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Boy_Found" title="The Little Boy Found">The Little Boy Found</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laughing_Song" title="Laughing Song">Laughing Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Cradle_Song" title="A Cradle Song">A Cradle Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Divine_Image" class="mw-redirect" title="The Divine Image">The Divine Image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Thursday_(Songs_of_Innocence)" title="Holy Thursday (Songs of Innocence)">Holy Thursday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_(Blake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Night (Blake)">Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_(poem)" title="Spring (poem)">Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurse%27s_Song" title="Nurse's Song">Nurse's Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_Joy" title="Infant Joy">Infant Joy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Dream_(Blake_poem)" title="A Dream (Blake poem)">A Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Another%27s_Sorrow" title="On Another's Sorrow">On Another's Sorrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Songs of Experience</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Introduction_(Blake,_1794)" title="Introduction (Blake, 1794)">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_Answer" title="Earth's Answer">Earth's Answer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clod_and_the_Pebble" title="The Clod and the Pebble">The Clod and the Pebble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Thursday_(Songs_of_Experience)" title="Holy Thursday (Songs of Experience)">Holy Thursday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Girl_Lost" title="The Little Girl Lost">The Little Girl Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Girl_Found" title="The Little Girl Found">The Little Girl Found</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chimney_Sweeper" title="The Chimney Sweeper">The Chimney Sweeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurse%27s_Song" title="Nurse's Song">Nurse's Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sick_Rose" title="The Sick Rose">The Sick Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fly_(poem)" title="The Fly (poem)">The Fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Angel_(Songs_of_Experience)" title="The Angel (Songs of Experience)">The Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tyger" title="The Tyger">The Tyger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Pretty_Rose_Tree" title="My Pretty Rose Tree">My Pretty Rose Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ah!_Sun-flower" title="Ah! Sun-flower">Ah! Sun-flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lilly_(poem)" title="The Lilly (poem)">The Lilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Love_(poem)" title="The Garden of Love (poem)">The Garden of Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Vagabond" title="The Little Vagabond">The Little Vagabond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_(William_Blake_poem)" title="London (William Blake poem)">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Human_Abstract_(poem)" title="The Human Abstract (poem)">The Human Abstract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_Sorrow" title="Infant Sorrow">Infant Sorrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Poison_Tree" title="A Poison Tree">A Poison Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Little_Boy_Lost" title="A Little Boy Lost">A Little Boy Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Little_Girl_Lost" title="A Little Girl Lost">A Little Girl Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Tirzah" title="To Tirzah">To Tirzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_School_Boy" title="The School Boy">The School Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_of_the_Ancient_Bard" title="The Voice of the Ancient Bard">The Voice of the Ancient Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Divine_Image" title="A Divine Image">A Divine Image</a> (found only in Copy BB)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/William_Blake%27s_prophetic_books" title="William Blake's prophetic books">Prophetic<br /> books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The <a href="/wiki/Continental_prophecies" title="Continental prophecies">continental<br /> prophecies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/America_a_Prophecy" title="America a Prophecy">America a Prophecy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europe_a_Prophecy" title="Europe a Prophecy">Europe a Prophecy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Los" title="The Song of Los">The Song of Los</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiriel_(poem)" title="Tiriel (poem)">Tiriel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Thel" title="The Book of Thel">The Book of Thel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Heaven_and_Hell" title="The Marriage of Heaven and Hell">The Marriage of Heaven and Hell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_French_Revolution_(poem)" title="The French Revolution (poem)">The French Revolution</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visions_of_the_Daughters_of_Albion" title="Visions of the Daughters of Albion">Visions of the Daughters of Albion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Urizen" title="The Book of Urizen">The Book of Urizen</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Book of Ahania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Los" title="The Book of Los">The Book of Los</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vala,_or_The_Four_Zoas" title="Vala, or The Four Zoas">The Four Zoas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milton:_A_Poem_in_Two_Books" title="Milton: A Poem in Two Books">Milton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem:_The_Emanation_of_the_Giant_Albion" title="Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion">Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Pickering Manuscript</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Auguries_of_Innocence" title="Auguries of Innocence">Auguries of Innocence</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Mental_Traveller" title="The Mental Traveller">The Mental Traveller</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The <a href="/wiki/Notebook_of_William_Blake" title="Notebook of William Blake">Rossetti Manuscript</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">"<a href="/wiki/Never_pain_to_tell_thy_love" title="Never pain to tell thy love">Never pain to tell thy love</a>"</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div id="Mythology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/William_Blake%27s_mythology" title="William Blake's mythology">Mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahania" title="Ahania">Ahania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion_(Blake)" title="Albion (Blake)">Albion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beulah_(Blake)" title="Beulah (Blake)">Beulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromion" title="Bromion">Bromion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enion" title="Enion">Enion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enitharmon" title="Enitharmon">Enitharmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzon_(Blake)" title="Fuzon (Blake)">Fuzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golgonooza" title="Golgonooza">Golgonooza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grodna_(Blake)" title="Grodna (Blake)">Grodna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_(Blake)" title="Har (Blake)">Har</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leutha" title="Leutha">Leutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_(Blake)" title="Los (Blake)">Los</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luvah" title="Luvah">Luvah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orc_(Blake)" title="Orc (Blake)">Orc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamabron" title="Palamabron">Palamabron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectre_(Blake)" title="Spectre (Blake)">Spectre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharmas" title="Tharmas">Tharmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiriel" title="Thiriel">Thiriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiriel_(character)" title="Tiriel (character)">Tiriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urizen" title="Urizen">Urizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urthona" title="Urthona">Urthona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utha" title="Utha">Utha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vala_(Blake)" title="Vala (Blake)">Vala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div id="Art" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Art</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings<br />and prints</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Religions_are_One#Relief_etching" title="All Religions are One">Relief etching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Stories_from_Real_Life#Illustrations" title="Original Stories from Real Life">Engravings for <i>Original Stories from Real Life</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ancient_of_Days" title="The Ancient of Days">The Ancient of Days</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europe_Supported_by_Africa_and_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Supported by Africa and America">Europe Supported by Africa and America</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_of_Enitharmon%27s_Joy" title="The Night of Enitharmon's Joy">The Night of Enitharmon's Joy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Newton_(Blake)" title="Newton (Blake)">Newton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_(Blake)" title="Nebuchadnezzar (Blake)">Nebuchadnezzar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-Thoughts#Blake's_illustrations_of_1795–97" title="Night-Thoughts">Illustrations for <i>Night-Thoughts</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grave_(poem)#Publication_by_Cromek_and_Blake's_illustrations" title="The Grave (poem)">Illustrations of <i>The Grave</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_and_Twenty_Elders_Casting_their_Crowns_before_the_Divine_Throne" title="The Four and Twenty Elders Casting their Crowns before the Divine Throne">The Four and Twenty Elders Casting their Crowns before the Divine Throne</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake%27s_illustrations_of_Paradise_Lost" title="William Blake's illustrations of Paradise Lost">Illustrations of <i>Paradise Lost</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Vision_of_the_Last_Judgement" title="A Vision of the Last Judgement">A Vision of the Last Judgement</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Descriptive_Catalogue_(1809)" title="Descriptive Catalogue (1809)">Descriptive Catalogue</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Red_Dragon_paintings" title="The Great Red Dragon paintings"><i>The Great Red Dragon</i> paintings</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pity_(William_Blake)" title="Pity (William Blake)">Pity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ghost_of_a_Flea" title="The Ghost of a Flea">The Ghost of a Flea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden_(Blake)" title="Agony in the Garden (Blake)">Agony in the Garden</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake%27s_illustrations_of_On_the_Morning_of_Christ%27s_Nativity" title="William Blake's illustrations of On the Morning of Christ's Nativity">Illustrations of <i>On the Morning of Christ's Nativity</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wood_of_the_Self-Murderers:_The_Harpies_and_the_Suicides" title="The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The Harpies and the Suicides">The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The Harpies and the Suicides</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake%27s_Illustrations_of_the_Book_of_Job" title="William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job"><i>Illustrations of the Book of Job</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sketches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Visionary_Heads" title="Visionary Heads">Visionary Heads</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div id="Scholarship,_in_popular_culture,_and_more" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Scholarship, in popular culture, and more</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholarly works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_William_Blake" title="Life of William Blake">Life of William Blake</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Works_of_William_Blake:_Poetic,_Symbolic_and_Critical" class="mw-redirect" title="The Works of William Blake: Poetic, Symbolic and Critical">The Works of William Blake: Poetic, Symbolic and Critical</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fearful_Symmetry_(book)" title="Fearful Symmetry (book)">Fearful Symmetry</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blake:_Prophet_Against_Empire" title="Blake: Prophet Against Empire">Blake: Prophet Against Empire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witness_Against_the_Beast" title="Witness Against the Beast">Witness Against the Beast</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Serenade_for_Tenor,_Horn_and_Strings" title="Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings">Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Blake_Songs" title="Ten Blake Songs">Ten Blake Songs</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_and_Proverbs_of_William_Blake" title="Songs and Proverbs of William Blake">Songs and Proverbs of William Blake</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lamb_(Tavener)" title="The Lamb (Tavener)">The Lamb</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Themes_from_William_Blake%27s_The_Marriage_of_Heaven_and_Hell" title="Themes from William Blake's The Marriage of Heaven and Hell">Themes from William Blake's The Marriage of Heaven and Hell</a></i> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake_in_popular_culture" title="William Blake in popular culture">William Blake in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake_Archive" title="William Blake Archive">William Blake Archive</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blake_(monologue)" title="Blake (monologue)">Blake</a></i> (1983 monologue)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Lambeth_(play)" title="In Lambeth (play)">In Lambeth</a></i> (1989 play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Blake" title="Catherine Blake">Catherine Blake (wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancients_(art_group)" title="Ancients (art group)">Ancients</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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