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History of the Max Planck Institute for Physics | Max Planck Institut für Physik
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</fieldset> </form> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <!--END META-NAVI--> </div> </div> <div class="row main-nav__menu"> <div class="col-md-12"> <!--MAIN-NAVI--> <ul class="navbar-nav main-nav justify-content-end ms-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0"> <li class="nav-item dropdown dropdown-mega position-static"><a href="/en/research" class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" data-bs-auto-close="outside">Research</a><div class="dropdown-menu shadow"> <div class="mega-content px-4"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div id="c13239" class="frame frame-default frame-type-container-2col frame-layout-0"> <a id="c13240"></a> <div class="row grid-50-50"> <div class="col-lg-6"> <div id="c13241" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_subpages frame-layout-0"> <a id="c13243"></a> <header> <h3 class=""> Structure of matter and standard model </h3> </header> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/research/structure-of-matter/novel-computational-techniques-in-particle-physics" title="Novel computational techniques in particle physics"> <span>Novel computational techniques in particle physics</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/structure-of-matter/quantum-field-theory" title="Quantum field theory"> <span>Quantum field theory</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/structure-of-matter/string-theory" title="String theory"> <span>String theory</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/atlas" title="ATLAS: Particle collisions at the LHC"> <span>ATLAS: Particle collisions at the LHC</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/awake" title="AWAKE: Plasma wakefield acceleration"> <span>AWAKE: Plasma wakefield acceleration</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/belle-ii" title="Belle II: On the track of the antimatter puzzle"> <span>Belle II: On the track of the antimatter puzzle</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/na62" title="NA62: Search for a rare decay and exotic particles"> <span>NA62: Search for a rare decay and exotic particles</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-6"> <div id="c13242" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_subpages frame-layout-0"> <a id="c13244"></a> <header> <h3 class=""> Dark matter and neutrino physics </h3> </header> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/research/cosinus" title="COSINUS: Test of the DAMA experiment"> <span>COSINUS: Test of the DAMA experiment</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/cresst" title="CRESST: Search for dark matter"> <span>CRESST: Search for dark matter</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/neutrino-experiments/legend" title="LEGEND experiment: Majorana nature of the neutrino:"> <span>LEGEND experiment: Majorana nature of the neutrino:</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/madmax" title="MADMAX: Searching for axion dark matter"> <span>MADMAX: Searching for axion dark matter</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/rades-detector" title="RADES in the BabyIAXO experiment: Detection of cosmic axions"> <span>RADES in the BabyIAXO experiment: Detection of cosmic axions</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="c13245" class="frame frame-default frame-type-container-2col frame-layout-0 frame-space-after-small"> <a id="c13246"></a> <div class="row grid-50-50"> <div class="col-lg-6"> <div id="c13247" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_subpages frame-layout-0"> <a id="c13249"></a> <header> <h3 class=""> Cosmology and astroparticle physics </h3> </header> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/research/astrophysical-messengers" title="Astrophysical Messengers"> <span>Astrophysical Messengers</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/astroparticle-physics-and-cosmology/particle-physics-and-cosmology" title="Particle physics and cosmology"> <span>Particle physics and cosmology</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/astroparticle-physics-and-cosmology/theoretical-astroparticle-physics" title="Theoretical astroparticle physics"> <span>Theoretical astroparticle physics</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/magic-and-cta" title="MAGIC and CTA: Gamma-ray telescopes"> <span>MAGIC and CTA: Gamma-ray telescopes</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-6"> <div id="c13248" class="frame frame-default frame-type-container-1col frame-layout-0"> <a id="c13250"></a> <header> <h3 class=""> Further Areas </h3> </header> <div class="grid-100"> <div id="c13251" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_pages frame-layout-0"> <a id="c13253"></a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/research/publications" title="Publications"> <span>Publications</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="c13252" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_pages frame-layout-0"> <a id="c13254"></a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/research/data-preservation" title="Data preservation: Research using legacy data"> <span>Data preservation: Research using legacy data</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="c13350" class="frame frame-default frame-type-header frame-layout-0"> <a id="c13351"></a> <header> <h2 class=""> <a href="/en/research">Overview on 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<a href="/en/news/news" title="News"> <span>News</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/news/scientific-events" title="Scientific events"> <span>Scientific events</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/physik-fuer-alle/cafe-kosmos-1" title="Café & Kosmos"> <span>Café & Kosmos</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="c4713" class="frame frame-default frame-type-header frame-layout-0"> <a id="c5282"></a> <header> <h3 class=""> <a href="/en/research">Research</a> </h3> </header> </div> <div id="c4712" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_pages frame-layout-0"> <a id="c5283"></a> <header> <h4 class=""> Structure of matter and standard model </h4> </header> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/research/structure-of-matter/novel-computational-techniques-in-particle-physics" title="Novel computational techniques in particle physics"> <span>Novel computational techniques in particle physics</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/structure-of-matter/string-theory" title="String theory"> <span>String theory</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/structure-of-matter/quantum-field-theory" title="Quantum field theory"> <span>Quantum field theory</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/atlas" title="ATLAS: Particle collisions at the LHC"> <span>ATLAS: Particle collisions at the LHC</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/awake" title="AWAKE: Plasma wakefield acceleration"> <span>AWAKE: Plasma wakefield acceleration</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/belle-ii" title="Belle II: On the track of the antimatter puzzle"> <span>Belle II: On the track of the antimatter puzzle</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="c4711" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_pages frame-layout-0"> <a id="c5286"></a> <header> <h4 class=""> Dark matter and neutrino physics </h4> </header> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/research/cosinus" title="COSINUS: Test of the DAMA experiment"> <span>COSINUS: Test of the DAMA experiment</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/cresst" title="CRESST: Search for dark matter"> <span>CRESST: Search for dark matter</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/neutrino-experiments/legend" title="LEGEND experiment: Majorana nature of the neutrino:"> <span>LEGEND experiment: Majorana nature of the neutrino:</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/madmax" title="MADMAX: Searching for axion dark matter"> <span>MADMAX: Searching for axion dark matter</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/rades-detector" title="RADES in the BabyIAXO experiment: Detection of cosmic axions"> <span>RADES in the BabyIAXO experiment: Detection of cosmic axions</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="c4709" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_pages frame-layout-0"> <a id="c5284"></a> <header> <h4 class=""> Cosmology, gravitation, astroparticles </h4> </header> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/research/astrophysical-messengers" title="Astrophysical Messengers"> <span>Astrophysical Messengers</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/astroparticle-physics-and-cosmology/particle-physics-and-cosmology" title="Particle physics and cosmology"> <span>Particle physics and cosmology</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/astroparticle-physics-and-cosmology/theoretical-astroparticle-physics" title="Theoretical astroparticle physics"> <span>Theoretical astroparticle physics</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research/magic-and-cta" title="MAGIC and CTA: Gamma-ray telescopes"> <span>MAGIC and CTA: Gamma-ray telescopes</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="c4714" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_subpages frame-layout-0"> <a id="c5287"></a> <header> <h3 class=""> <a href="/en/physics-for-everyone">Physics for everyone</a> </h3> </header> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/open-house-day-2024" title="Open house day 2024"> <span>Open house day 2024</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/physics-for-everyone/cafe-kosmos" title="Café & Kosmos"> <span>Café & Kosmos</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/physics-for-everyone/school-program" title="School program"> <span>School program</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="c4715" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_pages frame-layout-0"> <a id="c5288"></a> <header> <h3 class=""> <a href="/en/studying-and-working">Studying and working</a> </h3> </header> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/studying-and-working" title="Studying and working"> <span>Studying and working</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/studying-and-working/imprs-phd-studies" title="IMPRS PhD studies"> <span>IMPRS PhD studies</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/studying-and-working/imprs-phd-studies/for-imprs-applicants" title="For IMPRS applicants"> <span>For IMPRS applicants</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/studying-and-working/imprs-phd-studies/for-imprs-students" title="For IMPRS students"> <span>For IMPRS students</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/studying-and-working/imprs-phd-studies/imprs-research-topics" title="IMPRS research topics"> <span>IMPRS research topics</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/studying-and-working/imprs-phd-studies/imprs-lecturers" title="IMPRS lecturers"> <span>IMPRS lecturers</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/international-program" title="International program"> <span>International program</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/studying-and-working/theses" title="Theses"> <span>Theses</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/studying-and-working/professional-training" title="Professional training"> <span>Professional training</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/studying-and-working/specialist-divisions" title="Specialist Divisions"> <span>Specialist Divisions</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/studying-and-working/library" title="Library"> <span>Library</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/studying-and-working/jobs" title="Research positions"> <span>Research positions</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="c4716" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_subpages frame-layout-0"> <a id="c5289"></a> <header> <h3 class=""> <a href="/en/about-us">About us</a> </h3> </header> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/contact-and-directions" title="Contact and directions"> <span>Contact and directions</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/organization" title="Organization"> <span>Organization</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/staff" title="Staff"> <span>Staff</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/gender-equality-1" title="Gender Equality"> <span>Gender Equality</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/international-office" title="Guest House and International Office"> <span>Guest House and International Office</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/eu-office" title="EU Office"> <span>EU Office</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/new-building" title="New building"> <span>New building</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/history" aria-current="page" title="History"> <span>History</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://max.mpg.de/Pages/HomePage.aspx" target="_blank" title="MAX Intranet"> <span>MAX Intranet</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <!--END NAVIGATION--> <!--TYPO3SEARCH_begin--> <div class="bg-white py-2 breadcrumb-nav" id="breadcrumb-nav"> <div class="container"> <ul class="breadcrumb"><li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/en/" title="The Max Planck Institute for Physics (MPP) researches (astro)particle physics: dark matter, neutrino physics, the antimatter puzzle, the properties of matter, and gamma rays as messengers from the universe. The MPP is involved in various experiments: for example, at the Large Hadron Collider, where the Big Bang is recreated. Theoretical particle physics is represented by cosmology, quantum field theory and string theory. ">Startpage</a></li><li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/en/about-us" title="About us">About us</a></li><li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/en/about-us/history" title="History of the Max Planck Institute for Physics">History</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div id="main"> <div class="container"> <div class="row clearfix"> <!-- START ASIDE --> <aside class="col-lg-4 column teaser-column"> <div id="c4604" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_subpages frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-small"> <a id="c11517"></a> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/history/albert-einstein-and-the-mpp" title="Albert Einstein and the MPP"> <span>Albert Einstein and the MPP</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/history/max-planck-society-and-the-kaiser-wilhelm-society" title="Max Planck Society and the Kaiser Wilhelm Society"> <span>Max Planck Society and the Kaiser Wilhelm Society</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us/history/time-line" title="Time-line"> <span>Time-line</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="c11518" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0"> <a id="c11519"></a> <header> <h3 class=""> <a href="/fileadmin/user_upload/Ueber-uns/Geschichte/MPP-Magazine.pdf">100 years Max Planck Institute for Physics</a> </h3> </header> <div class="ce-textpic ce-center ce-above"> </div> </div> </aside> <!-- ENDE ASIDE --> <!-- START CONTENT --> <div class="col-lg-8 column content-column"> <div id="c2655" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0"> <a id="c4149"></a> <header> <h1 class=""> A brief history of modern physics </h1> </header> <div class="ce-textpic ce-right ce-intext"> <div class="ce-gallery" data-ce-columns="1" data-ce-images="2"> <div class="ce-row"> <div class="ce-column"> <figure class="image"> <a href="/fileadmin/_processed_/5/c/csm_Kaiser_Wilhelm_Institut_fu__r_Physik_03_10a40b2f98.jpg" class="fancybox" data-fancybox-group="fancybox_tt_content:2655"> <img class="image-embed-item" src="/fileadmin/_processed_/5/c/csm_Kaiser_Wilhelm_Institut_fu__r_Physik_03_c9bdd5dbb4.jpg" width="180" height="133" alt="" /> </a> <figcaption class="image-caption"> Kaiser Wilhelm Institut für Physik </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="ce-row"> <div class="ce-column"> <figure class="image"> <a href="/fileadmin/_processed_/3/6/csm_Albert_Einstein_53373564c0.jpg" class="fancybox" data-fancybox-group="fancybox_tt_content:2655"> <img class="image-embed-item" src="/fileadmin/_processed_/3/6/csm_Albert_Einstein_471c8ae3ab.jpg" width="180" height="251" alt="" /> </a> <figcaption class="image-caption"> Albert Einstein (Photo: bpk) </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ce-bodytext"> <p>Throughout the almost 100 years of its existence, the worldwide renown of the Max Planck Institute for Physics (Werner Heisenberg Institute) has been characterized by outstanding research findings. Hardly any other institute in Germany has hosted the work of so many famous scientists. Over the course of its history, the Institute has always been at the heart of modern research, not least because the principal founders of humankind’s understanding of modern physics have worked here.</p> <p>The Max Planck Institute, which now makes its home in Munich, was founded in 1917 in Berlin as the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics. Its first Director was Albert Einstein. He headed the Institute until emigrating to the USA in 1933.</p> <p>At the beginning of the 20th century, Einstein and his mentor, Max Planck, ushered in a new era of physics. Max Planck was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1918 for his works on quantum theory, <a href="https://www.nobel.mpg.de/en/albert-einstein" target="_blank" class="link-external-blank" rel="noreferrer">Albert Einstein received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his Theory of Relativity in 1921</a>. After World War II, the Kaiser Wilhelm Society was re-established and named for Max Planck.</p> <p>In 1922, Max von Laue, also a Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (1914), became Deputy Director of the Institute. The Dutch <a href="https://www.nobel.mpg.de/en/peter-debye" target="_blank" class="link-external-blank" rel="noreferrer">physicist and 1936 Chemistry Nobel Laureate, Peter Debye</a>, headed the Institute after Einstein left. In 1938, i.e. ten years before the foundation of the Max Planck Society, the Institute was already given the additional name “Max Planck Institute”. An agreement between the American Rockefeller Foundation and the Third Reich made it possible to fund a building for the Institute in Berlin.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="c4453" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0"> <a id="c4459"></a> <header> <h2 class=""> Second World War </h2> </header> <div class="ce-textpic ce-right ce-intext"> <div class="ce-gallery" data-ce-columns="2" data-ce-images="2"> <div class="ce-row"> <div class="ce-column"> <figure class="image"> <a href="/fileadmin/_processed_/3/d/csm_Nobelpreis_WernerHeisenberg_Seite2_03_5c22d759e5.jpeg" class="fancybox" data-fancybox-group="fancybox_tt_content:4453"> <img class="image-embed-item" src="/fileadmin/_processed_/3/d/csm_Nobelpreis_WernerHeisenberg_Seite2_03_eb60b00596.jpeg" width="145" height="203" alt="" /> </a> <figcaption class="image-caption"> Nobelpreisurkunde Werner Heisenberg </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="ce-column"> <figure class="image"> <a href="/fileadmin/_processed_/6/2/csm_Heisenberg-04_6bf87f95f0.jpg" class="fancybox" data-fancybox-group="fancybox_tt_content:4453"> <img class="image-embed-item" title="Werner Heisenberg" alt="Werner Heisenberg" src="/fileadmin/_processed_/6/2/csm_Heisenberg-04_4beca527d8.jpg" width="145" height="203" /> </a> <figcaption class="image-caption"> Werner Heisenberg </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ce-bodytext"> <p>After the outbreak of World War II, German military authorities began to set up a secret “uranium project” at the Berlin-based Institute in 1939. By the end of the war it was on the verge of bringing the first nuclear reactor into its critical state. As the physicists could not meet the deadlines of the armaments minister, the uranium project was returned to civil administration in 1942. </p> <p>July of the same year also saw Werner Heisenberg appointed Director of the Institute in Berlin. Heisenberg was at least as influential on the development of modern physics as his famous predecessors. He is considered to be one of the fathers of quantum mechanics – the theory that describes how molecules, atoms, atomic nuclei and the elementary particles behave. In 1933, he had been presented with the 1932 Nobel Prize for this work. </p> <p>As early as 1946, i.e. shortly after the end of the war, the British occupation authorities allowed German physicists to re-open their Institute as the Max Planck Institute for Physics – not in Berlin, but in the town which had been the center of physics in the years before 1933, in Göttingen. The Director was again Werner Heisenberg, who expanded the Institute together with Deputy Director Max von Laue initially, and with old as well as new members of staff.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="c4454" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0"> <a id="c4460"></a> <header> <h2 class=""> The MPP in Munich </h2> </header> <div class="ce-textpic ce-right ce-intext"> <div class="ce-gallery" data-ce-columns="1" data-ce-images="1"> <div class="ce-row"> <div class="ce-column"> <figure class="image"> <a href="/fileadmin/_processed_/f/3/csm_1958_MPP_Geba__ude_11_1992073cd4.png" class="fancybox" data-fancybox-group="fancybox_tt_content:4454"> <img class="image-embed-item" src="/fileadmin/_processed_/f/3/csm_1958_MPP_Geba__ude_11_871fa39c68.png" width="300" height="182" alt="" /> </a> <figcaption class="image-caption"> MPP Hauptgebäude, 1958 </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ce-bodytext"> <p>In 1958, the Institute moved to Munich as the Max Planck Institute for Physics and Astrophysics under Directors Heisenberg and Biermann. The well-known architect Sep Ruf designed the new Institute building in Munich-Freimann. Heisenberg’s time as Director saw the founding of the Institute for Plasma Physics in Garching in 1960.</p> <p>In taking this step, the scientific management headed by Heisenberg took into account the increasing demand for new energy sources in Germany. Today, the MPI for Plasma Physics - which became an independent Institute in 1971 - is considered to be one of the world’s leading research centers working on the development of a fusion reactor. After Heisenberg’s death in 1976, the Max Planck Institute for Physics was given the additional name “Werner Heisenberg Institute” in his honor.</p> <p>In 1947, Ludwig Biermann oversaw the establishment of an Astrophysics Department in Göttingen. Biermann’s discoveries included the solar wind, a stream of particle from the Sun which makes itself felt on Earth through the polar lights and radio interferences. He became a household name thanks primarily to his work on space travel. Over the course of its history, Biermann’s Astrophysics Department has evolved into today’s <a href="https://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/" target="_blank" class="link-external-blank" rel="noreferrer">Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics</a>. In 1963, the sub-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics was founded in Garching.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="c4455" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0"> <a id="c4461"></a> <header> <h2 class=""> Famous physicists shape the Institute’s history </h2> </header> <div class="ce-textpic ce-right ce-intext"> <div class="ce-gallery" data-ce-columns="2" data-ce-images="2"> <div class="ce-row"> <div class="ce-column"> <figure class="image"> <a href="/fileadmin/_processed_/b/8/csm_Hans-Peter_Duerr_2_0b4d6948eb.jpg" class="fancybox" data-fancybox-group="fancybox_tt_content:4455"> <img class="image-embed-item" src="/fileadmin/_processed_/b/8/csm_Hans-Peter_Duerr_2_980ff68d51.jpg" width="145" height="203" alt="" /> </a> <figcaption class="image-caption"> Hans Peter Dürr </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="ce-column"> <figure class="image"> <a href="/fileadmin/_processed_/d/8/csm_Carl-Friedrich_von_Weizsa__cker_cb2bbeef65.jpg" class="fancybox" data-fancybox-group="fancybox_tt_content:4455"> <img class="image-embed-item" title="Carl-Friedrich von Weizsäcker" alt="Carl-Friedrich von Weizsäcker" src="/fileadmin/_processed_/d/8/csm_Carl-Friedrich_von_Weizsa__cker_0a8307f961.jpg" width="145" height="202" /> </a> <figcaption class="image-caption"> Carl-Friedrich von Weizsäcker </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ce-bodytext"> <p>Prominent researchers who worked at the Max Planck Institute for Physics also include the physicist and philosopher Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker. As one of Heisenberg’s students and as a scientist, he made important contributions to nuclear physics, energy generation by means of nuclear fusion in stars, and the theory of planet formation. </p> <p>As a philosopher, he focused public attention on the importance of modern natural sciences and the consequences of nuclear physics for mankind’s understanding of the world. His work led to the establishment of a Max Planck Institute for Research on the Living Conditions in the Scientific and Technical World in 1970. This Sub-Institute was closed again in 1980 when its Director retired. </p> <p>Hans-Peter Dürr, who had worked closely with Heisenberg, succeeded him as head of the Institute until the end of 1971. He is seen as a pioneer of the peace and environmental movement far beyond Germany’s borders. Early in his career, he gained widespread attention with his statements on nuclear energy and disarmament issues. In 1987, his commitment earned him the alternative Nobel Prize presented by the Swedish philanthropist Jakob von Uexküll.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="c4456" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0"> <a id="c4462"></a> <header> <h2 class=""> Spin-offs and new Institutes </h2> </header> <div class="ce-textpic ce-right ce-intext"> <div class="ce-gallery" data-ce-columns="1" data-ce-images="1"> <div class="ce-row"> <div class="ce-column"> <figure class="image"> <img class="image-embed-item" title="Julius Wess" alt="Julius Wess" src="/fileadmin/_processed_/1/3/csm_Julius_Wess_d441c3d8fe.jpg" width="180" height="252" /> <figcaption class="image-caption"> Julius Wess </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ce-bodytext"> <p>The MPI of Quantum Optics in Garching was established in 1987, heralding in an era characterized by several spin-offs and new Institutes. 1991 saw the Sub-Institutes for Astrophysics and for Extraterrestrial Physics become Institutes in their own right. The management of the <a href="http://www.mpe.mpg.de/index" target="_blank" class="external-link-new-window" title="Öffnet internen Link im aktuellen Fenster" rel="noreferrer">Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics</a> was taken over by Reimar Lüst, who later became President of the Max Planck Society.</p> <p>In 1992, the two Max Planck Institutes for Physics and for Extraterrestrial Physics set up a joint semiconductor laboratory. Today’s <a href="https://www.hll.mpg.de/2365/en" target="_blank" class="link-external-blank" title="Öffnet internen Link im aktuellen Fenster" rel="noreferrer">Max Planck Semiconductor Laboratory</a> develops detectors for particle physics and astronomy. Since 1993, the MPI for Physics has had a further “Satellite Institute”: the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics in Potsdam.</p> <p>Julius Wess, who was appointed to the Max Planck Institute for Physics in 1990, is undoubtedly one of the most outstanding researchers of the last 50 years. With the establishment of supersymmetry, he created a pioneering model for elementary particle physics which has occupied whole generations of researchers. Wess was awarded the Wigner Medal for his research achievements in 1992. Today, the experiments at the LHC, the international particle accelerator at CERN, are endeavoring to track down supersymmetric particles as predicted by the theory advanced by Wess and his colleague and friend, Bruno Zumino.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="c4457" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0"> <a id="c4463"></a> <header> <h2 class=""> The Excellence Initiative </h2> </header> <div class="ce-textpic ce-right ce-intext"> <div class="ce-bodytext"> <p>In 2005, the German Research Foundation (DFG) together with the Science Council established the Excellence Initiative in order to promote cutting edge research in Germany. The MPI for Physics is a member of the <a href="http://universe-cluster.de/" target="_blank" class="external-link-new-window" title="Öffnet internen Link im aktuellen Fenster" rel="noreferrer">“Origin and Structure of the Universe”</a> Cluster of Excellence which is funded by the DFG and was established in 2006 at the TU Munich. Today, the institute is active in the succeeding project <a href="https://www.origins-cluster.de/en/" target="_blank" class="link-external-blank" rel="noreferrer">ORIGINS</a>.</p> <p>The 200 or so physicists from different disciplines who are working on this project are searching for answers as to how the universe was formed. The MPP thus highlights its efforts to pursue topical and relevant issues of physics in interdisciplinary projects, which fits with the Institute’s outstanding importance in the German research landscape. In November 2012, the funding of the Cluster was extended by a further five years.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="c4458" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0"> <a id="c4464"></a> <header> <h2 class=""> Discovery of the Higgs particle </h2> </header> <div class="ce-textpic ce-right ce-intext"> <div class="ce-bodytext"> <p>In July 2012, physicists at CERN announced the discovery of a new particle. It is very likely that the particle found is the last building block of the Standard Model of particle physics: the Higgs boson, which is thought to be responsible for the mass of all particles. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Physics headed by Director Siegfried Bethke played a crucial role in the discovery of the particle with the <link forschung physik-mit-beschleunigern atlas-detektor external-link-new-window internen link im aktuellen>ATLAS experiment.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-footer"> <a href="Javascript:window.print();" class="print">Print</a> </div> </div> <!-- ENDE CONTENT --> </div> </div> </div> <!--TYPO3SEARCH_end--> <!--#include virtual="settings.shtml" --> <!--FOOTER--> <footer id="page-footer" class="bg-dark text-light region-footer"> <div class="container"> <footer class="py-5"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6 mb-3"> <div class="row"> <!--TYPO3SEARCH_begin--> <div id="c13231" class="frame frame-default frame-type-container-2col frame-layout-0"> <a id="c13316"></a> <div class="row grid-50-50"> <div class="col-lg-6"> <div id="c13233" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_pages frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-small"> <a id="c13319"></a> <header> <h3 class=""> Quick links </h3> </header> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/press" title="Press"> <span>Press</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/contact" title="Contact"> <span>Contact</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/research" title="Research"> <span>Research</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-us" title="About us"> <span>About us</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-6"> <div id="c13234" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_pages frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-small"> <a id="c13318"></a> <header> <h3 class=""> mpp.mpg.de </h3> </header> <ul> <li> <a href="/en/" title="Startpage"> <span>Startpage</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/footer-menu/legal-notice" title="Legal Notice"> <span>Legal Notice</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/footer-menu/data-protection-information" title="Data protection information"> <span>Data protection information</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/footer-menu/sitemap" title="Sitemap"> <span>Sitemap</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--TYPO3SEARCH_end--> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 mb-3"> <img src="/_assets/502218ae170e987f27bef4a713fc4f18/Images/Logos/mpp-mpg-h-w.svg" class="mb-4 footer-logo" width="636" height="112"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <a class="link-map link-multiline py-1" href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/JZc28fEASdZreS5y5" target="_bank" title="Öffnet Adresse in Google Maps">Boltzmannstr. 8 <br> 85748 Garching</a> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="list-group"> <a class="link-phone py-1" href="tel:+4989323540">+49 89 32354-0</a> <a class="link-mail py-1" href="mailto:info@mpp.mpg.de">info@mpp.mpg.de</a> <a class="link-web py-1" href="https://mpp.mpg.de/en" target="_bank">mpp.mpg.de/en</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-column flex-sm-row justify-content-between mt-3"> <div id="c10" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0"> <a id="c3394"></a> <p>© 2021 Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich</p> </div> <div class="footer-icons "> <a class="some facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/MPIPhysik" target="_blank"></a> <a class="some instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/mpi_physik/" target="_blank"></a> <a class="some linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/max-planck-institute-for-physics/" target="_blank"></a> <a class="some youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yA4w5pEyWZoBM6NIxwc0w" target="_blank"></a </div> </div> </footer> </div> </footer> <!--END FOOTER--> <script src="js/offcanvas.js"></script> <script src="/typo3temp/assets/compressed/merged-8e9192a6acced9e8fe8132f899b41965-c22cdd0152ad68b4e02c1421b8fa20d3.js.gz?1732697973"></script> <script src="/typo3temp/assets/compressed/merged-71d4838aa64632774b70027a44553056-b09d43d3c6cec28540453a9f27352e96.js.gz?1732796567"></script> <script src="/typo3temp/assets/compressed/Form.min-e6d53adcb527e4f1f81ac9dcf65dc255.js.gz?1732796567" defer="defer"></script> </body> </html>