The octave - Music Theory for Songwriters: The Fundamentals Video Tutorial

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta name="pageKey" content="d_learning_course_video_guest">  <meta name="linkedin:pageTag" content="view_video"> <meta name="locale" content="en_US"> <meta id="config" data-app-version="2.0.2217" data-call-tree-id="AAYnlYHszaGC2QtFohFuVA==" data-multiproduct-name="learning-guest-frontend" data-service-name="learning-guest-frontend" data-browser-id="662f3c0a-68b0-4210-8c1b-729a0b991821" data-enable-page-view-heartbeat-tracking data-page-instance="urn:li:page:learning_course_video_guest;lriq5AnjQiuH/jB3m7g0Ig==" data-disable-jsbeacon-pagekey-suffix="false" data-member-id="0"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-octave-14402714">     <link rel="manifest" href="/homepage-guest/manifest.json" crossorigin="use-credentials">  <script> function getDfd() {let yFn,nFn;const p=new Promise(function(y, n){yFn=y;nFn=n;});p.resolve=yFn;p.reject=nFn;return p;} window.lazyloader = getDfd(); window.tracking = getDfd(); window.impressionTracking = getDfd(); window.ingraphTracking = getDfd(); window.appDetection = getDfd(); window.pemTracking = getDfd(); </script>  <link rel="icon" href="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/444zstxv7s91nepfm5et6ofge"> <title>The octave - Music Theory for Songwriters: The Fundamentals Video Tutorial | LinkedIn Learning, formerly Lynda.com</title> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive, max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="description" content="Join Julian Velard for an in-depth discussion in this video, The octave, part of Music Theory for Songwriters: The Fundamentals."> <meta property="og:site_name" content="LinkedIn"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@LI_Learning"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="litmsProfileName" content="learning-guest-frontend"> <meta property="og:title" content="The octave - Music Theory for Songwriters: The Fundamentals Video Tutorial | LinkedIn Learning, formerly Lynda.com"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The octave - Music Theory for Songwriters: The Fundamentals Video Tutorial | LinkedIn Learning, formerly Lynda.com"> <meta property="og:description" content="Join Julian Velard for an in-depth discussion in this video, The octave, part of Music Theory for Songwriters: The Fundamentals."> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Join Julian Velard for an in-depth discussion in this video, The octave, part of Music Theory for Songwriters: The Fundamentals."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E0DAQEPflnhwl-Ptg/learning-public-crop_675_1200/learning-public-crop_675_1200/0/1636749254231?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=VgRkK8_3PubDvf6B9I6I4BSvL_Fecdqq0AyXbxjeI8M"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E0DAQEPflnhwl-Ptg/learning-public-crop_675_1200/learning-public-crop_675_1200/0/1636749254231?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=VgRkK8_3PubDvf6B9I6I4BSvL_Fecdqq0AyXbxjeI8M">  <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-octave-14402714"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta name="clientSideIngraphs" content="1" data-gauge-metric-endpoint="/learning-guest/api/ingraphs/gauge" data-counter-metric-endpoint="/learning-guest/api/ingraphs/counter"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/b2sn84ibusnmmqygar9zphel"> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"VideoObject","name":"The octave - Music Theory for Songwriters: The Fundamentals","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Julian Velard","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/learning/instructors/julian-velard"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E0DAQEPflnhwl-Ptg/learning-public-crop_675_1200/learning-public-crop_675_1200/0/1636749254231?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=VgRkK8_3PubDvf6B9I6I4BSvL_Fecdqq0AyXbxjeI8M","description":"Professional musician Julian Velard covers the basics of music theory through the lens of songwriting. Explore intervals, chord progressions, voice leading, song forms, and more.","duration":"PT4M12S","datePublished":"2015-09-18","uploadDate":"2015-09-18","requiresSubscription":false,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"contentUrl":"https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-octave-14402714","interactionCount":93096,"interactionStatistic":[{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"http://schema.org/WatchAction","userInteractionCount":93096}],"transcript":" - You can use any instrument to help you understand songwriting and music theory, but no instruments physical layout is better suited to the task than the keyboard of the piano. Within it's black and white keys, we find all the notes contained in Western music in ascending order, from left to right. And unlike other polyphonic instruments, meaning instruments able to play more than one note at a time, each note on the piano is represented and played by a separate key. This is not the case with guitar or other stringed instruments, as you can play the same note on different strings. This feature of the piano keyboard lends itself to clarity when discussing the almost limitless possibilities of harmony. And also, it doesn't hurt that the piano keyboard is the most commonly available type of mini controller. And for as little as $50, you can plug in a small one to your computer, and interface with any music program out there. While most pianos have 88 keys, and electronic keyboards can have as few as 12, the structure is always the same. All piano keyboards are made up of 12 notes that repeat upon reaching the octave. An octave is an interval or distance between two notes where the pitch of the second note is either double or half the frequency of the first note. If you double the frequency, the note will be an octave higher. If you half the frequency, the note will be an octave lower. Let me demonstrate what an octave sounds like. This is A 440, (piano playing) which means the frequency of this note is a 440 Hertz. If I play an A note an octave below A 440, it's A 220, half the frequency of the note an octave higher. (piano playing) This next note, A 880, is twice the frequency of A 440. (piano playing) It's therefore an octave higher than A 440, (piano playing) and two octaves higher than A 220. (piano playing) The octave is the most important distance between notes, not only in the Western system of music, but in almost all musical systems around the world. There are 12 notes within an octave. On the piano, they are represented by the seven white notes and five black notes. This 12-tone sequence repeats for however many octaves the instrument you're playing can handle. This piano has seven octaves, plus a few extra notes to total 88 keys. In contrast, a typical six-string acoustic guitar has just four and a half octaves. There are eight A notes across the seven octaves of a piano. (piano playing) To keep all of these A's straight, we refer to notes with a number to designate their position on the keyboard. Typically, the lowest A on the piano is known as A0. (piano playing) Each note within that octave is accompanied by a zero until you reach the first C note, which is called C1. (piano playing) Every note in that octave is accompanied by a one, until we reach the next C, which is called C2. (piano playing) The number system continues from there. In music notation, here's where these octave notes fall on the grand staff. (piano playing) And here's where the As are distributed across the various octaves on a four-string bass, and a six-string acoustic guitar. When writing songs, choosing the right octave for a note, whether it's a baseline, lead guitar part, or a vocal melody, as well as choosing the right octave in which a chord on the piano or guitar is played, can have a significant effect on the overall sound and feel of the song. "} </script>  </head> <body dir="ltr">   <a href="#main-content" class="skip-link btn-md btn-primary absolute z-11 -top-[100vh] focus:top-0"> Skip to main content </a> <header class="header base-detail-page__header px-mobile-container-padding bg-color-background-container global-alert-offset sticky-header"> <nav class="nav pt-1.5 pb-2 flex items-center justify-between relative flex-nowrap babymamabear:py-1.5 nav--minified-mobile " aria-label="Primary"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/?trk=learning-course_nav-header-logo" class="nav__logo-link link-no-visited-state z-1 mr-auto min-h-[52px] flex items-center babybear:z-0 hover:no-underline focus:no-underline active:no-underline babymamabear:mr-3" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_nav-header-logo" data-tracking-will-navigate> <div class="learning-logo"> <icon class="learning-logo__inbug onload" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4zqr0f9jf98vi2nkijyc3bex2"></icon> <span class="learning-logo__text" aria-hidden="true">Learning</span> <span class="sr-only">LinkedIn Learning</span> </div> </a> <section class="search-bar relative flex flex-grow h-[40px] bg-cool-gray-20 min-w-0 max-w-full mx-4 rounded-sm babymamabear:mx-0 babymamabear:mb-1.5 babymamabear:bg-color-transparent babymamabear:w-full babymamabear:flex babymamabear:flex-wrap search-bar--minified-mobile" data-current-search-type="LEARNING"> <button class="search-bar__placeholder papabear:hidden text-input w-full mt-1.5 !pl-[14px] border-1 border-solid border-color-border-faint rounded-[2px] h-[40px] max-h-[40px] flex items-center overflow-hidden cursor-text" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_search-switcher-opener"> <icon class="text-color-icon w-3 h-3 mr-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/397vrsk6op88l4981ji1xe1qt"></icon> <div class="search-bar__full-placeholder font-sans text-md text-color-text max-w-[calc(100%-40px)] text-left whitespace-nowrap overflow-hidden text-ellipsis">  Search skills, subjects, or software  </div> <span class="sr-only">Expand search</span> </button> <div class="switcher-tabs__trigger-and-tabs babymamabear:flex"> <button aria-expanded="false" class="switcher-tabs__placeholder flex !h-full !py-0 !pl-2 !pr-1.5 border-r-1 border-solid border-r-color-border-faint babymamabear:hidden tab-md papabear:tab-vertical papabear:justify-start cursor-pointer" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_switcher-tabs-placeholder" aria-describedby="switcher-description"> <span class="switcher-tabs__placeholder-text m-auto"></span> <icon class="switcher-tabs__caret-down-filled onload pointer-events-none block my-auto min-h-[24px] min-w-[24px] h-[24px] babymamabear:hidden" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/7asbl4deqijhoy3z2ivveispv"></icon> </button> <div id="switcher-description" class="hidden">This button displays the currently selected search type. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. </div>  <div class="switcher-tabs hidden z-[1] w-auto min-w-[160px] mb-1.5 py-1 absolute top-[48px] left-0 border-solid border-1 border-color-border-faint papabear:container-raised babymamabear:static babymamabear:w-[100vw] babymamabear:h-[48px] babymamabear:p-0 overflow-y-hidden overflow-x-auto md:overflow-x-hidden"> <ul class="switcher-tabs__list flex flex-1 items-stretch papabear:flex-col" role="tablist"> <li class="switcher-tabs__tab h-[44px] babymamabear:basis-1/2" role="presentation"> <button aria-controls="jobs-search-panel" aria-selected="false" class="switcher-tabs__button w-full h-full tab-md papabear:tab-vertical papabear:justify-start cursor-pointer " data-switcher-type="JOBS" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_switcher-tabs-jobs-search-switcher" id="job-switcher-tab" role="tab"> Jobs </button> </li> <li class="switcher-tabs__tab h-[44px] babymamabear:basis-1/2" role="presentation"> <button aria-controls="people-search-panel" aria-selected="false" class="switcher-tabs__button w-full h-full tab-md papabear:tab-vertical papabear:justify-start cursor-pointer " data-switcher-type="PEOPLE" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_switcher-tabs-people-search-switcher" id="people-switcher-tab" role="tab"> People </button> </li> <li class="switcher-tabs__tab h-[44px] babymamabear:basis-1/2" role="presentation"> <button aria-controls="learning-search-panel" aria-selected="true" class="switcher-tabs__button w-full h-full tab-md papabear:tab-vertical papabear:justify-start cursor-pointer tab-selected" data-switcher-type="LEARNING" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_switcher-tabs-learning-search-switcher" id="learning-switcher-tab" role="tab"> Learning </button> </li> </ul> <button aria-label="Close" class="switcher-tabs__cancel-btn papabear:hidden block w-6 h-6 m-auto text-color-text-low-emphasis" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_switcher-tabs-cancel-search-switcher" type="button"> <icon class="switcher-tabs__cancel-icon block w-3 h-3 m-auto onload" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cs55jggk4p3uqh9ozxdmpvjg7"></icon> </button> </div> </div> <section class="base-search-bar w-full h-full" data-searchbar-type="PEOPLE" aria-labelledby="people-switcher-tab" id="people-search-panel" role="tabpanel"> <form class="base-search-bar__form w-full flex babymamabear:mx-mobile-container-padding babymamabear:flex-col" role="search" action="/pub/dir" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_people-search-bar_base-search-bar-form"> <section class="dismissable-input text-input !pr-3 bg-color-transparent flex items-center h-[40px] min-w-0 relative babybear:w-full babybear:mb-1 search-input"> <input aria-label="First Name" autocomplete="on" class="dismissable-input__input font-sans text-md text-color-text bg-color-transparent flex items-center flex-1 focus:outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-secondary" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_people-search-bar_first-name_dismissable-input" maxlength="500" name="firstName" placeholder="First Name" type="search"> <button class="dismissable-input__button text-color-text h-[40px] min-w-[24px] w-[24px] -mr-2 opacity-0 transition-opacity duration-[0.1s] disabled:invisible focus:opacity-100" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_people-search-bar_first-name_dismissable-input-clear" type="button"> <label class="sr-only">Clear text</label> <icon class="dismissable-input__button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cs55jggk4p3uqh9ozxdmpvjg7"></icon> </button> </section> <section class="dismissable-input text-input !pr-3 bg-color-transparent flex items-center h-[40px] min-w-0 relative babybear:w-full babybear:mb-1 search-input"> <input aria-label="Last Name" autocomplete="on" class="dismissable-input__input font-sans text-md text-color-text bg-color-transparent flex items-center flex-1 focus:outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-secondary" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_people-search-bar_last-name_dismissable-input" maxlength="500" name="lastName" placeholder="Last Name" type="search"> <button class="dismissable-input__button text-color-text h-[40px] min-w-[24px] w-[24px] -mr-2 opacity-0 transition-opacity duration-[0.1s] disabled:invisible focus:opacity-100" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_people-search-bar_last-name_dismissable-input-clear" type="button"> <label class="sr-only">Clear text</label> <icon class="dismissable-input__button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cs55jggk4p3uqh9ozxdmpvjg7"></icon> </button> </section> <input name="trk" value="learning-course_people-search-bar_search-submit" type="hidden"> <button class="base-search-bar__submit-btn block basis-[40px] flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer babymamabear:invisible babymamabear:ml-[-9999px] babymamabear:w-[1px] babymamabear:h-[1px]" aria-label="Search" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_people-search-bar_base-search-bar-search-submit" type="submit"> <icon class="base-search-bar__search-icon onload mx-auto" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cb5bsr4tsn2r4sjg9e3ls4tjl"></icon> </button> </form> </section> <section class="base-search-bar w-full h-full" data-searchbar-type="JOBS" aria-labelledby="job-switcher-tab" id="jobs-search-panel" role="tabpanel"> <form class="base-search-bar__form w-full flex babymamabear:mx-mobile-container-padding babymamabear:flex-col" role="search" action="/jobs/search" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_jobs-search-bar_base-search-bar-form"> <code id="i18n_aria_live_text_no-suggestions" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_aria_live_text_one-suggestion" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_aria_live_text_multiple-suggestions" style="display: none"></code> <section class="dismissable-input text-input !pr-3 bg-color-transparent flex items-center h-[40px] min-w-0 relative babybear:w-full babybear:mb-1 typeahead-input keywords-typeahead-input text-input"> <input aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="job-search-bar-keywords-typeahead-list" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-label="Search job titles or companies" autocomplete="off" class="dismissable-input__input font-sans text-md text-color-text bg-color-transparent flex items-center flex-1 focus:outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-secondary" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_dismissable-input" id="job-search-bar-keywords" maxlength="500" name="keywords" placeholder="Search job titles or companies" role="combobox" type="search">  <div class="typeahead-input__dropdown container-lined absolute top-[calc(100%+3px)] left-0 w-full rounded-b-md rounded-t-none z-[10] overflow-hidden max-w-none babybear:min-w-full babybear:bottom-0 babybear:overflow-y-auto"> <template class="typeahead-item-template"> <li class="typeahead-input__dropdown-item py-1.5 px-2 hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-surface-new-hover hover:border-y-2 hover:border-solid hover:border-color-container-primary" role="option"> <span class="typeahead-input__dropdown-text font-sans text-sm font-bold text-color-text"></span> </li> </template> <ul class="typeahead-input__dropdown-list w-full" id="job-search-bar-keywords-typeahead-list" role="listbox"></ul> </div>  <button class="dismissable-input__button text-color-text h-[40px] min-w-[24px] w-[24px] -mr-2 opacity-0 transition-opacity duration-[0.1s] disabled:invisible focus:opacity-100" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_dismissable-input-clear" type="button"> <label class="sr-only">Clear text</label> <icon class="dismissable-input__button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cs55jggk4p3uqh9ozxdmpvjg7"></icon> </button> </section>  <code id="i18n_aria_live_text_no-suggestions" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_aria_live_text_one-suggestion" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_aria_live_text_multiple-suggestions" style="display: none"></code> <section class="dismissable-input text-input !pr-3 bg-color-transparent flex items-center h-[40px] min-w-0 relative babybear:w-full babybear:mb-1 typeahead-input location-typeahead-input"> <input aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="job-search-bar-location-typeahead-list" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-label="Location" autocomplete="off" class="dismissable-input__input font-sans text-md text-color-text bg-color-transparent flex items-center flex-1 focus:outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-secondary" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_dismissable-input" id="job-search-bar-location" maxlength="500" name="location" placeholder="Location" role="combobox" value="Hong Kong" type="search">  <div class="typeahead-input__dropdown container-lined absolute top-[calc(100%+3px)] left-0 w-full rounded-b-md rounded-t-none z-[10] overflow-hidden max-w-none babybear:min-w-full babybear:bottom-0 babybear:overflow-y-auto"> <template class="typeahead-item-template"> <li class="typeahead-input__dropdown-item py-1.5 px-2 hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-surface-new-hover hover:border-y-2 hover:border-solid hover:border-color-container-primary" role="option"> <span class="typeahead-input__dropdown-text font-sans text-sm font-bold text-color-text"></span> </li> </template> <ul class="typeahead-input__dropdown-list w-full" id="job-search-bar-location-typeahead-list" role="listbox"></ul> </div>  <button class="dismissable-input__button text-color-text h-[40px] min-w-[24px] w-[24px] -mr-2 opacity-0 transition-opacity duration-[0.1s] disabled:invisible focus:opacity-100" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_dismissable-input-clear" type="button"> <label class="sr-only">Clear text</label> <icon class="dismissable-input__button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cs55jggk4p3uqh9ozxdmpvjg7"></icon> </button> </section> <input name="geoId" value="102817007" type="hidden"> <input name="trk" value="learning-course_jobs-search-bar_search-submit" type="hidden"> <button class="base-search-bar__submit-btn block basis-[40px] flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer babymamabear:invisible babymamabear:ml-[-9999px] babymamabear:w-[1px] babymamabear:h-[1px]" aria-label="Search" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_jobs-search-bar_base-search-bar-search-submit" type="submit"> <icon class="base-search-bar__search-icon onload mx-auto" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cb5bsr4tsn2r4sjg9e3ls4tjl"></icon> </button> </form> </section> <section class="base-search-bar w-full h-full" data-searchbar-type="LEARNING" aria-labelledby="learning-switcher-tab" id="learning-search-panel" role="tabpanel"> <form class="base-search-bar__form w-full flex babymamabear:mx-mobile-container-padding babymamabear:flex-col" role="search" action="/learning/search" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_learning-search-bar_base-search-bar-form"> <section class="dismissable-input text-input !pr-3 bg-color-transparent flex items-center h-[40px] min-w-0 relative babybear:w-full babybear:mb-1 search-input"> <input aria-label="Search skills, subjects, or software" autocomplete="on" class="dismissable-input__input font-sans text-md text-color-text bg-color-transparent flex items-center flex-1 focus:outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-secondary" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_learning-search-bar_keywords_dismissable-input" maxlength="500" name="keywords" placeholder="Search skills, subjects, or software" type="search"> <button class="dismissable-input__button text-color-text h-[40px] min-w-[24px] w-[24px] -mr-2 opacity-0 transition-opacity duration-[0.1s] disabled:invisible focus:opacity-100" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_learning-search-bar_keywords_dismissable-input-clear" type="button"> <label class="sr-only">Clear text</label> <icon class="dismissable-input__button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cs55jggk4p3uqh9ozxdmpvjg7"></icon> </button> </section> <input class="nav__search-uoo" name="upsellOrderOrigin" type="hidden"> <input name="trk" value="learning-course_learning-search-bar_search-submit" type="hidden"> <button class="base-search-bar__submit-btn block basis-[40px] flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer babymamabear:invisible babymamabear:ml-[-9999px] babymamabear:w-[1px] babymamabear:h-[1px]" aria-label="Search" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_learning-search-bar_base-search-bar-search-submit" type="submit"> <icon class="base-search-bar__search-icon onload mx-auto" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cb5bsr4tsn2r4sjg9e3ls4tjl"></icon> </button> </form> </section>  <div aria-live="polite" class="search-bar__live-text sr-only" role="status"></div> </section>  <div class="nav__cta-container order-3 flex gap-x-1 justify-end min-w-[100px] flex-nowrap flex-shrink-0 babybear:flex-wrap flex-2 babymamabear:min-w-[50px] "> <a class="nav__button-tertiary btn-md btn-tertiary" href="http://www.linkedin.com/learning/subscription/products?courseSlug=music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals&destRedirectURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Elinkedin%2Ecom%2Flearning%2Fmusic-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals%2Fthe-octave-14402714&trk=learning-course_nav-header-join&upsellTrk=lil_upsell_nav_subscription&session_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Flearning%2Fmusic-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals%3Ftrk%3Dlearning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-control-name="lil_upsell_nav_subscription" data-tracking-impression-name="lil_upsell_nav_subscription" data-test-live-nav-primary-cta data-tracking-will-navigate> Start free trial </a> <a class="nav__button-secondary btn-md btn-secondary-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning-login/?redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Elinkedin%2Ecom%2Flearning%2Fmusic-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals%3Ftrk%3Dlearning-course_tocItem%26trk%3Dlearning-course_tocItem&fromSignIn=true&session_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Flearning%2Fmusic-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals%3Ftrk%3Dlearning-course_tocItem&trk=learning-course_nav-header-signin" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_nav-header-signin" data-tracking-will-navigate> Sign in </a> <a aria-label="Sign in" class="nav__link-person papabear:hidden mamabear:hidden" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_nav-header-signin" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning-login/?redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Elinkedin%2Ecom%2Flearning%2Fmusic-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals%3Ftrk%3Dlearning-course_tocItem%26trk%3Dlearning-course_tocItem&fromSignIn=true&session_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Flearning%2Fmusic-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals%3Ftrk%3Dlearning-course_tocItem&trk=learning-course_nav-header-signin"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </a> </div>   </nav> </header>  <div class="cta-banner "> <div class="enterprise-nav"> <div class="enterprise-nav__content-wrapper"> <p id="enterprise-nav-solutions" class="enterprise-nav__content" tabindex="-1"> Solutions for: </p> <a href="https://learning.linkedin.com/for-entire-companies?src=li-learning-nav&trk=learning-course_enterprise-nav" aria-labelledby="enterprise-nav-solutions business-nav-business" class="enterprise-nav__content" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_enterprise-nav" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" id="business-nav-business">Business</a> <a href="https://learning.linkedin.com/for-higher-education?src=li-learning-nav&trk=learning-course_enterprise-nav" aria-labelledby="enterprise-nav-solutions business-nav-education" class="enterprise-nav__content" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_enterprise-nav" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" id="business-nav-education">Higher Education</a> <a href="https://learning.linkedin.com/for-governments?src=li-learning-nav&trk=learning-course_enterprise-nav" aria-labelledby="enterprise-nav-solutions business-nav-government" class="enterprise-nav__content" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_enterprise-nav" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" id="business-nav-government">Government</a> <a href="/learning/subscription/teams?veh=lil_upx&src=li-learning-nav&trk=learning-course_enterprise-nav" aria-labelledby="enterprise-nav-solutions business-nav-buy" class="enterprise-nav__content" data-test-live-enterprise-upsell="true" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_enterprise-nav" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" data-tracking-impression-name="lil_upsell_learning-course_enterprise-nav_teambuy" id="business-nav-buy">Buy for my team</a> </div> </div>   </div> <main class="main papabear:flex papabear:w-content-max-w papabear:mx-auto papabear:pt-desktop-content-top-margin mamabear:pt-desktop-content-top-margin " id="main-content" role="main"> <section class="core-rail mx-auto papabear:w-core-rail-width mamabear:max-w-[790px] babybear:max-w-[790px]"> <p class="pre-headline"> From the course: <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals?trk=course_title" data-tracking-control-name="course_title" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="from-the-course__link">Music Theory for Songwriters: The Fundamentals</a> </p> <section class="top-card"> <section class="top-card-layout container-lined overflow-hidden babybear:rounded-[0px]"> <section class="top-card__video-wrapper"> <div class="top-card__video">  <div class="share-native-video"> <video autoplay class="share-native-video__node video-js" crossorigin="anonymous" data-sources="[{"src":"https://dms.licdn.com/playlist/vid/v2/C4D0DAQH4Iueavacr6w/learning-original-video-vbr-540/learning-original-video-vbr-540/0/1636500395966?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=SwyB_uFCVAYO_Eot4w1QZCsR8IwwcskKRdWLu8scfjk#.mp4"}]" data-poster-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E0DAQEPflnhwl-Ptg/learning-public-crop_675_1200/learning-public-crop_675_1200/0/1636749254231?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=VgRkK8_3PubDvf6B9I6I4BSvL_Fecdqq0AyXbxjeI8M" data-captions-url="https://www.linkedin.com/ambry/?x-li-ambry-ep=AQIKI2DEhY6thwAAAZNZeVNiBEYB5ubyuV60z1d1yAXMZOFCh3tI3kMqCitcwNcZ_Z_OERJZDGeEa8jI3PFlqFvI9Ur0SQkt5bB6u2WkSc0y3UC3MjwMO0wrhb7IpIxQ-ihpgYjBJaRMO9QW5bTxdo0wUp_YnrX0epj5ha8xtsqmXzr8k8r2sLUFFgYBDyvF4xem5Os13ihv0AUmpgx_ihRivGnu8qRAsNXZx2Dt-UvmdEE96lq2s5jjkJDQwzeaUXTi2FmlnQtRrK5avfQeasljZxqsXVpxxXVOS-q83Y9EH-zmUmxR6HJJgg2wU8QPyGAnJF_FHjFVX_OvzdCv3U49cbJGtEI4RB6kTnWc1_1PIpMr8jpiH2W0G24x2Iyp3UwzxNrboTVZXOspcpgQHqp9zdFthhHtCctUS91mGuu3PZnLUlwHLLpkwJC_9Y2X2-z-oXnOIsMBbTUegIJ5n5DP3DuUR72M0U6u1K4Idkve8sCa5m02kmv82WJC" data-digitalmedia-asset-urn="urn:li:lyndaVideo:(urn:li:lyndaCourse:360621,3027411)" data-tracking-id="9/hba6vlSkCEQ5JZan3bTg==" playsinline> </video> </div> </div> </section> <div class="top-card-layout__card relative p-2 papabear:p-details-container-padding"> <div class="top-card-layout__entity-info-container flex flex-wrap papabear:flex-nowrap"> <div class="top-card-layout__entity-info flex-grow flex-shrink-0 basis-0 babybear:flex-none babybear:w-full babybear:flex-none babybear:w-full"> <h1 class="top-card-layout__title font-sans text-lg papabear:text-xl font-bold leading-open text-color-text mb-0"> The octave </h1> <h2 class="top-card-layout__headline break-words font-sans text-md leading-open text-color-text"> From the course: <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals?trk=course_title" data-tracking-control-name="course_title" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="from-the-course__link">Music Theory for Songwriters: The Fundamentals</a> </h2>   <div class="top-card-layout__cta-container flex flex-wrap mt-0.5 papabear:mt-0 ml-[-12px]"> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/learning/subscription/products?courseSlug=music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals&destRedirectURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Elinkedin%2Ecom%2Flearning%2Fmusic-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals%2Fthe-octave-14402714&trk=course_info&upsellTrk=lil_upsell_course_info_subscription" data-tracking-control-name="lil_upsell_course_info_subscription" data-tracking-impression-name="lil_upsell_course_info_subscription" data-litms-tracking-control-name="lil_upsell_course_info_subscription" data-tracking-will-navigate class="top-card__upsell-link top-card-layout__cta mt-2 ml-1.5 h-auto babybear:flex-auto top-card-layout__cta--primary btn-md btn-primary" data-test-live-course-sub-upsell> Start my 1-month free trial </a> <a class="buy-for-your-team-cta__link top-card-layout__cta mt-2 ml-1.5 h-auto babybear:flex-auto top-card-layout__cta--secondary btn-md btn-secondary" href="/learning/subscription/teams?veh=lil_upx&src=li-lil-upsell&trk=learning-course_buy-for-your-team-cta" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_buy-for-your-team-cta" data-tracking-impression-name="lil_upsell_learning-course_buy-for-your-team-cta_teambuy" data-test-live-buy-for-your-team-upsell data-tracking-will-navigate> Buy for my team </a> </div> </div>  </div>   </div> </section> </section> <div class="details mx-details-container-padding"> <div class="tabs content-tabs" data-tab-id="course-content-tabs"> <ul class="tabs__list" role="tablist">  <li class="tab flex ml-3 first-of-type:ml-0" role="presentation"> <button aria-selected="true" class="tab-button tab-md tab-selected" data-tracking-control-name="transcripts-tab" data-id="tab__button" role="tab" id="content-tabs__transcripts-btn"> Transcripts </button> </li> <li class="tab flex ml-3 first-of-type:ml-0" role="presentation"> <button aria-selected="false" class="tab-button tab-md " data-tracking-control-name="files-tab" data-id="tab__button" role="tab" tabindex="-1" id="content-tabs__files-btn" data-test-live-exercise-files-tab> Exercise Files </button> </li> <li class="tab flex ml-3 first-of-type:ml-0" role="presentation"> <button aria-selected="false" class="tab-button tab-md " data-tracking-control-name="offline-tab" data-id="tab__button" role="tab" tabindex="-1" id="content-tabs__offline-btn" data-test-live-offline-tab> View Offline </button> </li> </ul>  <div class="tab__panel" tabindex="0" role="tabpanel"> <section class="core-section-container my-3 transcripts">  <h2 class="core-section-container__title section-title"> The octave </h2>  <div class="core-section-container__content break-words"> <div class="transcripts__copy"> <span class="transcripts__quotation">“</span> <p> - You can use any instrument to help you understand songwriting and music theory, but no instruments physical layout is better suited to the task than the keyboard of the piano. Within it's black and white keys, we find all the notes contained in Western music in ascending order, from left to right. And unlike other polyphonic instruments, meaning instruments able to play more than one note at a time, each note on the piano is represented and played by a separate key. This is not the case with guitar or other stringed instruments, as you can play the same note on different strings. This feature of the piano keyboard lends itself to clarity when discussing the almost limitless possibilities of harmony. And also, it doesn't hurt that the piano keyboard is the most commonly available type of mini controller. And for as little as $50, you can plug in a small one to your computer, and interface with any music program out there. While most pianos have 88 keys, and electronic keyboards can have as few as 12, the structure is always the same. All piano keyboards are made up of 12 notes that repeat upon reaching the octave. An octave is an interval or distance between two notes where the pitch of the second note is either double or half the frequency of the first note. If you double the frequency, the note will be an octave higher. If you half the frequency, the note will be an octave lower. Let me demonstrate what an octave sounds like. This is A 440, (piano playing) which means the frequency of this note is a 440 Hertz. If I play an A note an octave below A 440, it's A 220, half the frequency of the note an octave higher. (piano playing) This next note, A 880, is twice the frequency of A 440. (piano playing) It's therefore an octave higher than A 440, (piano playing) and two octaves higher than A 220. (piano playing) The octave is the most important distance between notes, not only in the Western system of music, but in almost all musical systems around the world. There are 12 notes within an octave. On the piano, they are represented by the seven white notes and five black notes. This 12-tone sequence repeats for however many octaves the instrument you're playing can handle. This piano has seven octaves, plus a few extra notes to total 88 keys. In contrast, a typical six-string acoustic guitar has just four and a half octaves. There are eight A notes across the seven octaves of a piano. (piano playing) To keep all of these A's straight, we refer to notes with a number to designate their position on the keyboard. Typically, the lowest A on the piano is known as A0. (piano playing) Each note within that octave is accompanied by a zero until you reach the first C note, which is called C1. (piano playing) Every note in that octave is accompanied by a one, until we reach the next C, which is called C2. (piano playing) The number system continues from there. In music notation, here's where these octave notes fall on the grand staff. (piano playing) And here's where the As are distributed across the various octaves on a four-string bass, and a six-string acoustic guitar. When writing songs, choosing the right octave for a note, whether it's a baseline, lead guitar part, or a vocal melody, as well as choosing the right octave in which a chord on the piano or guitar is played, can have a significant effect on the overall sound and feel of the song. </p> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="tab__panel" tabindex="0" role="tabpanel" hidden> <section class="core-section-container my-3 exercise-files" data-test-live-files-panel>  <h2 class="core-section-container__title section-title"> Practice while you learn with exercise files </h2>  <div class="core-section-container__content break-words"> <p class="exercise-files__description"> Download the files the instructor uses to teach the course. Follow along and learn by watching, listening and practicing. </p> <ul class="exercise-files__list"> <li class="exercise-files__file"> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/learning/subscription/products?courseSlug=music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals&destRedirectURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Elinkedin%2Ecom%2Flearning%2Fmusic-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals%2Fthe-octave-14402714&trk=exercise_file&upsellTrk=lil_upsell_exercise_file_subscription" data-tracking-control-name="lil_upsell_exercise_file_subscription" data-tracking-impression-name="lil_upsell_exercise_file_subscription" data-litms-tracking-control-name="lil_upsell_exercise_file_subscription" data-tracking-will-navigate class="exercise-files__file-upsell-link" data-test-live-files-sub-upsell> <span class="exercise-files__lock-icon-container"> <span class="a11y-text"> Exercise File: Subscribe to access. </span> <icon class="exercise-files__lock-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/2k4trx87nbhljt0s01sd4q7qi"></icon> </span> <span class="exercise-files__file-name"> Ex_Files_Music_Theory_Fund.zip </span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="footer-upsell-link"> <span class="footer-upsell-link__description"> Download the exercise files for this course. </span> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/learning/subscription/products?courseSlug=music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals&destRedirectURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Elinkedin%2Ecom%2Flearning%2Fmusic-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals%2Fthe-octave-14402714&trk=exercise_file&upsellTrk=lil_upsell_exercise_file_subscription" data-tracking-control-name="lil_upsell_exercise_file_subscription" data-tracking-impression-name="lil_upsell_exercise_file_subscription" data-litms-tracking-control-name="lil_upsell_exercise_file_subscription" data-tracking-will-navigate class="exercise-files__upsell-link" data-test-live-files-footer-sub-upsell> Get started with a free trial today. </a> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="tab__panel" tabindex="0" role="tabpanel" hidden> <section class="core-section-container my-3 offline">  <h2 class="core-section-container__title section-title"> Download courses and learn on the go </h2>  <div class="core-section-container__content break-words"> <p class="offline__description"> Watch courses on your mobile device without an internet connection. Download courses using your iOS or Android LinkedIn Learning app. </p> <div class="offline__link-container"> <a class="offline__link" href="https://itunes.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1084807225?ls=1&pt=10746&mt=8&ct=learning_course_tab_viewoffline&trk=apple_app_store" data-tracking-control-name="apple_app_store" data-tracking-will-navigate rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> <img alt="Download on the App Store" class="offline__image" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/emczv26hz24woii2j4aleyry"> </a> <a class="offline__link" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.linkedin.android.learning&referrer=utm_source%3Dlinkedinlearning%26utm_medium%3DmobileWeb%26utm_campaign%3Dlearning_guest&ct=learning_course_tab_viewoffline&trk=google_play_store" data-tracking-control-name="google_play_store" data-tracking-will-navigate rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> <img alt="Get it on Google Play" class="offline__image" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/535kqf5rsexfx0lucb3t6palb"> </a> </div> <div class="footer-upsell-link"> <span class="footer-upsell-link__description"> Watch this course anytime, anywhere. </span> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/learning/subscription/products?courseSlug=music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals&destRedirectURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Elinkedin%2Ecom%2Flearning%2Fmusic-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals%2Fthe-octave-14402714&trk=offline_viewing&upsellTrk=lil_upsell_offline_viewing_subscription" data-tracking-control-name="lil_upsell_offline_viewing_subscription" data-tracking-impression-name="lil_upsell_offline_viewing_subscription" data-litms-tracking-control-name="lil_upsell_offline_viewing_subscription" data-tracking-will-navigate class="offline__upsell-link" data-test-live-offline-footer-sub-upsell> Get started with a free trial today. </a> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="right-rail papabear:w-right-rail-width papabear:ml-column-gutter mamabear:max-w-[790px] mamabear:px-mobile-container-padding babybear:max-w-[790px] babybear:px-mobile-container-padding"> <section class="table-of-contents mb-4"> <h2 class="table-of-contents__header"> Contents </h2> <ul class="table-of-contents__list"> <li class="toc-section"> <div class="show-more-less"> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__more-button show-more-less-button " aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> Introduction <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__less-button show-more-less-button show-more-less__button--hide" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> Introduction <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> <ul data-max-num-to-show="0" class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--hide-after-0" data-impression-id="learning-course_toc-section_show-more-less"> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/music-theory-fundamentals-can-help-your-songwriting?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--unlocked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/5jwhkytplzxiejvhzfu0t7m8l" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--unlocked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Music theory fundamentals can help your songwriting </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 1m 31s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/what-you-should-know-before-watching-this-course-14408192?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--unlocked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/5jwhkytplzxiejvhzfu0t7m8l" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--unlocked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> What you should know before watching this course </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 57s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/why-is-music-theory-important-and-useful-14403526?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--unlocked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/5jwhkytplzxiejvhzfu0t7m8l" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--unlocked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Why is music theory important and useful? </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 1m 1s </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul>  </div> </li> <li class="toc-section"> <div class="show-more-less"> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__more-button show-more-less-button show-more-less__button--hide" aria-expanded="true" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 1. The Building Blocks of Harmony <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__less-button show-more-less-button " aria-expanded="true" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 1. The Building Blocks of Harmony <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> <ul data-max-num-to-show="0" class="show-more-less__list " data-impression-id="learning-course_toc-section_show-more-less"> <li class="toc-item toc-item--active"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-octave-14402714?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="true"> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--unlocked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/5jwhkytplzxiejvhzfu0t7m8l" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--unlocked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> The octave </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 4m 12s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/seven-white-notes-and-five-black-notes-14401664?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Seven white notes and five black notes </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 4m 20s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-diatonic-scale-and-the-major-scale-14408196?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> The diatonic scale and the major scale </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 5m 18s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/intervals-perfect-and-major?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Intervals: Perfect and major </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 7m 20s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/intervals-minor-augmented-and-diminished-14404442?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Intervals: Minor, augmented, and diminished </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 6m 1s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-concept-of-key-14402708?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> The concept of key </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 3m 12s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-circle-of-fourths-and-fifths-14404444?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> The circle of fourths and fifths </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 8m 29s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/figuring-out-intervals-14402715?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Figuring out intervals </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 6m 33s </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul>  </div> </li> <li class="toc-section"> <div class="show-more-less"> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__more-button show-more-less-button " aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 2. Triads and Chord Progressions <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__less-button show-more-less-button show-more-less__button--hide" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 2. Triads and Chord Progressions <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> <ul data-max-num-to-show="0" class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--hide-after-0" data-impression-id="learning-course_toc-section_show-more-less"> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/triads-the-basics-of-chords-14403531?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Triads: The basics of chords </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 7m 48s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/triad-inversions-14406382?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Triad inversions </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 6m 40s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/chord-voicing?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Chord voicing </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 6m 38s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/common-major-scale-chord-progressions-14405448?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Common major scale chord progressions </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 9m 6s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/authentic-cadences-14401661?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Authentic cadences </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 5m 32s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/plagal-half-and-deceptive-cadences-14402710?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Plagal, half, and deceptive cadences </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 8m 54s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/triads-chord-progressions-and-cadences-in-a-song-14408198?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Triads, chord progressions, and cadences in a song </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 3m 36s </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul>  </div> </li> <li class="toc-section"> <div class="show-more-less"> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__more-button show-more-less-button " aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 3. Chord Progressions and Voice Leading <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__less-button show-more-less-button show-more-less__button--hide" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 3. Chord Progressions and Voice Leading <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> <ul data-max-num-to-show="0" class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--hide-after-0" data-impression-id="learning-course_toc-section_show-more-less"> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/what-is-voice-leading-14408197?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> What is voice leading? </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 5m 28s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/voice-leading-one-note-between-triads-14405444?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Voice leading one note between triads </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 5m 39s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-suspended-chord-14405440?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> The suspended chord </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 5m 11s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/voice-leading-two-notes-and-three-notes-with-major-triads?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Voice leading two notes and three notes with major triads </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 6m 46s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/voice-leading-two-notes-and-three-notes-with-minor-triads?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Voice leading two notes and three notes with minor triads </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 6m 48s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/changing-the-bass-note-of-a-chord-14408189?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Changing the bass note of a chord </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 7m 30s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/voice-leading-chord-progressions-in-a-song-14402709?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Voice leading chord progressions in a song </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 3m 20s </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul>  </div> </li> <li class="toc-section"> <div class="show-more-less"> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__more-button show-more-less-button " aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 4. Song Forms <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__less-button show-more-less-button show-more-less__button--hide" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 4. Song Forms <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> <ul data-max-num-to-show="0" class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--hide-after-0" data-impression-id="learning-course_toc-section_show-more-less"> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-importance-of-song-form-14405443?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> The importance of song form </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 2m 34s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/beats-bars-and-phrases-14404437?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Beats, bars, and phrases </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 5m 54s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-elements-of-song-form-14403532?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> The elements of song form </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 1m 2s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-intro?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> The intro </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 48s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-verse?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> The verse </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 2m 6s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-chorus?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> The chorus </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 1m 23s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-hook?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> The hook </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 1m 7s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-refrain?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> The refrain </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 1m </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-bridge-or-middle-8?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> The bridge or middle 8 </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 45s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/the-pre-chorus?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> The pre-chorus </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 44s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/familiar-pop-song-forms-14402706?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Familiar pop song forms </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 50s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/verse-chorus-and-bridge-forms?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Verse, chorus, and bridge forms </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 1m 19s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/simple-verse-form-14403528?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Simple verse form </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 2m 2s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/verse-without-chorus-form-14402712?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Verse without chorus form </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 1m 18s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/aaba-32-bar-form-14405445?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> AABA 32-bar form </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 1m 24s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/through-composed-song-forms-14404440?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Through-composed song forms </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 1m 26s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/looking-at-a-song-s-form-14401663?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Looking at a song's form </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 5m 53s </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul>  </div> </li> <li class="toc-section"> <div class="show-more-less"> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__more-button show-more-less-button " aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> Conclusion <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__less-button show-more-less-button show-more-less__button--hide" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> Conclusion <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> <ul data-max-num-to-show="0" class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--hide-after-0" data-impression-id="learning-course_toc-section_show-more-less"> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/music-theory-for-songwriters-the-fundamentals/what-comes-next?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> What comes next? </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 1m 13s </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul>  </div> </li> </ul> </section> </section> </main> <div class="pre-footer "> <section class="core-section-container my-3 price-disclaimer">    <div class="core-section-container__content break-words"> <p class="price-disclaimer__copy"> <sup class="price-disclaimer__copy--sup">*</sup>Price may change based on profile and billing country information entered during Sign In or Registration </p> </div> </section> <section class="tw-linkster bg-cool-gray-20 browse-map" data-impression-id="learning-course_linkster" data-js-module-id="linkster"> <div class="max-w-screen-content-max-w w-full flex justify-between my-0 mx-auto mamabear:px-3 babybear:px-2 babybear:flex-col"> <div class="flex-1 w-1/2 pt-2 pr-4 pb-4 pl-0 babybear:pb-2 babybear:w-full babybear:border-b-1 babybear:border-solid babybear:border-color-border-low-emphasis babybear:last:border-b-0"> <h3 class="text-md font-bold text-color-text leading-open"> Explore Business Topics </h3> <ul class="my-1"> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/business-analysis-and-strategy?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Business Analysis and Strategy </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/business-software-and-tools?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Business Software and Tools </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/career-development-5?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Career Development </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/customer-service-3?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Customer Service </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/diversity-equity-and-inclusion-dei?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/finance-and-accounting?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Finance and Accounting </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/human-resources-3?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Human Resources </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/leadership-and-management?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Leadership and Management </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/marketing-2?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Marketing </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/professional-development?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Professional Development </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/project-management?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Project Management </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/sales-3?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Sales </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/small-business-and-entrepreneurship?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Small Business and Entrepreneurship </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/training-and-education?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Training and Education </a> </li> </ul> <a class="link tw-linkster-general-link" aria-label="See all business courses" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/business?trk=learning-course_browsemap_general-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_general-link" data-tracking-will-navigate> See all </a> </div> <div class="flex-1 w-1/2 pt-2 pr-4 pb-4 pl-0 babybear:pb-2 babybear:w-full babybear:border-b-1 babybear:border-solid babybear:border-color-border-low-emphasis babybear:last:border-b-0"> <h3 class="text-md font-bold text-color-text leading-open"> Explore Creative Topics </h3> <ul class="my-1"> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/aec?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> AEC </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/animation-and-illustration?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Animation and Illustration </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/audio-and-music?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Audio and Music </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/graphic-design?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Graphic Design </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/motion-graphics-and-vfx?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Motion Graphics and VFX </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/photography-2?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Photography </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/product-and-manufacturing?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Product and Manufacturing </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/user-experience?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> User Experience </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/2015-54?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Video </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/visualization-and-real-time?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Visualization and Real-Time </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/web-design?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Web Design </a> </li> </ul> <a class="link tw-linkster-general-link" aria-label="See all creative courses" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/creative?trk=learning-course_browsemap_general-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_general-link" data-tracking-will-navigate> See all </a> </div> <div class="flex-1 w-1/2 pt-2 pr-4 pb-4 pl-0 babybear:pb-2 babybear:w-full babybear:border-b-1 babybear:border-solid babybear:border-color-border-low-emphasis babybear:last:border-b-0"> <h3 class="text-md font-bold text-color-text leading-open"> Explore Technology Topics </h3> <ul class="my-1"> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/artificial-intelligence?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Artificial Intelligence (AI) </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/cloud-computing-5?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Cloud Computing </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/security-3?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Cybersecurity </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/data-science?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Data Science </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/database-management?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Database Management </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/devops?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> DevOps </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/hardware?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Hardware </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/it-help-desk-5?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> IT Help Desk </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/mobile-development?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Mobile Development </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/network-and-system-administration?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Network and System Administration </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/software-development?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Software Development </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/web-development?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Web Development </a> </li> </ul> <a class="link tw-linkster-general-link" aria-label="See all technology courses" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/technology?trk=learning-course_browsemap_general-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_general-link" data-tracking-will-navigate> See all </a> </div> </div> </section> </div> <footer class="li-footer bg-transparent w-full "> <ul class="li-footer__list flex flex-wrap flex-row items-start justify-start w-full h-auto min-h-[50px] my-[0px] mx-auto py-3 px-2 papabear:w-[1128px] papabear:p-0"> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span> <icon class="li-footer__copy-logo text-color-logo-brand-alt inline-block self-center h-[14px] w-[56px] mr-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/e12h2cd8ac580qen9qdd0qks8"></icon> <span class="li-footer__copy-text flex items-center">© 2024</span> </li> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-low-emphasis hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://about.linkedin.com?trk=d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-about" data-tracking-control-name="d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-about" data-tracking-will-navigate> About </a> </li> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-low-emphasis hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://www.linkedin.com/accessibility?trk=d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-accessibility" data-tracking-control-name="d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-accessibility" data-tracking-will-navigate> Accessibility </a> </li> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-low-emphasis hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://www.linkedin.com/legal/user-agreement?trk=d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-user-agreement" data-tracking-control-name="d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-user-agreement" data-tracking-will-navigate> User Agreement </a> </li> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-low-emphasis hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://www.linkedin.com/legal/privacy-policy?trk=d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-privacy-policy" data-tracking-control-name="d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-privacy-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate> Privacy Policy </a> </li>  <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-low-emphasis hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://www.linkedin.com/legal/cookie-policy?trk=d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-cookie-policy" data-tracking-control-name="d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-cookie-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate> Cookie Policy </a> </li> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-low-emphasis hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://www.linkedin.com/legal/copyright-policy?trk=d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-copyright-policy" data-tracking-control-name="d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-copyright-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate> Copyright Policy </a> </li> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-low-emphasis hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://brand.linkedin.com/policies?trk=d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-brand-policy" data-tracking-control-name="d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-brand-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate> Brand Policy </a> </li> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-low-emphasis hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://www.linkedin.com/psettings/guest-controls?trk=d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-guest-controls" data-tracking-control-name="d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-guest-controls" data-tracking-will-navigate> Guest Controls </a> </li> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-low-emphasis hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://www.linkedin.com/legal/professional-community-policies?trk=d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-community-guide" data-tracking-control-name="d_learning_course_video_guest_footer-community-guide" data-tracking-will-navigate> Community Guidelines </a> </li>  <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <div class="collapsible-dropdown collapsible-dropdown--footer collapsible-dropdown--up flex items-center relative hyphens-auto language-selector z-2">  <ul class="collapsible-dropdown__list hidden container-raised absolute w-auto overflow-y-auto flex-col items-stretch z-1 bottom-[100%] top-auto" role="menu" tabindex="-1"> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="العربية (Arabic)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ar_AE" data-locale="ar_AE" role="menuitem" lang="ar_AE"> العربية (Arabic) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="বাংলা (Bangla)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-bn_IN" data-locale="bn_IN" role="menuitem" lang="bn_IN"> বাংলা (Bangla) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Čeština (Czech)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-cs_CZ" data-locale="cs_CZ" role="menuitem" lang="cs_CZ"> Čeština (Czech) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Dansk (Danish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-da_DK" data-locale="da_DK" role="menuitem" lang="da_DK"> Dansk (Danish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Deutsch (German)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-de_DE" data-locale="de_DE" role="menuitem" lang="de_DE"> Deutsch (German) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Ελληνικά (Greek)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-el_GR" data-locale="el_GR" role="menuitem" lang="el_GR"> Ελληνικά (Greek) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="English (English) selected" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link--selected" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-en_US" data-locale="en_US" role="menuitem" lang="en_US"> <strong>English (English)</strong> </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Español (Spanish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-es_ES" data-locale="es_ES" role="menuitem" lang="es_ES"> Español (Spanish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="فارسی (Persian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-fa_IR" data-locale="fa_IR" role="menuitem" lang="fa_IR"> فارسی (Persian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Suomi (Finnish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-fi_FI" data-locale="fi_FI" role="menuitem" lang="fi_FI"> Suomi (Finnish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Français (French)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-fr_FR" data-locale="fr_FR" role="menuitem" lang="fr_FR"> Français (French) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="हिंदी (Hindi)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-hi_IN" data-locale="hi_IN" role="menuitem" lang="hi_IN"> हिंदी (Hindi) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Magyar (Hungarian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-hu_HU" data-locale="hu_HU" role="menuitem" lang="hu_HU"> Magyar (Hungarian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-in_ID" data-locale="in_ID" role="menuitem" lang="in_ID"> Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Italiano (Italian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-it_IT" data-locale="it_IT" role="menuitem" lang="it_IT"> Italiano (Italian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="עברית (Hebrew)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-iw_IL" data-locale="iw_IL" role="menuitem" lang="iw_IL"> עברית (Hebrew) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="日本語 (Japanese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ja_JP" data-locale="ja_JP" role="menuitem" lang="ja_JP"> 日本語 (Japanese) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="한국어 (Korean)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ko_KR" data-locale="ko_KR" role="menuitem" lang="ko_KR"> 한국어 (Korean) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="मराठी (Marathi)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-mr_IN" data-locale="mr_IN" role="menuitem" lang="mr_IN"> मराठी (Marathi) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Bahasa Malaysia (Malay)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ms_MY" data-locale="ms_MY" role="menuitem" lang="ms_MY"> Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Nederlands (Dutch)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-nl_NL" data-locale="nl_NL" role="menuitem" lang="nl_NL"> Nederlands (Dutch) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Norsk (Norwegian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-no_NO" data-locale="no_NO" role="menuitem" lang="no_NO"> Norsk (Norwegian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pa_IN" data-locale="pa_IN" role="menuitem" lang="pa_IN"> ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Polski (Polish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pl_PL" data-locale="pl_PL" role="menuitem" lang="pl_PL"> Polski (Polish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Português (Portuguese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pt_BR" data-locale="pt_BR" role="menuitem" lang="pt_BR"> Português (Portuguese) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Română (Romanian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ro_RO" data-locale="ro_RO" role="menuitem" lang="ro_RO"> Română (Romanian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Русский (Russian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ru_RU" data-locale="ru_RU" role="menuitem" lang="ru_RU"> Русский (Russian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Svenska (Swedish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-sv_SE" data-locale="sv_SE" role="menuitem" lang="sv_SE"> Svenska (Swedish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="తెలుగు (Telugu)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-te_IN" data-locale="te_IN" role="menuitem" lang="te_IN"> తెలుగు (Telugu) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="ภาษาไทย (Thai)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-th_TH" data-locale="th_TH" role="menuitem" lang="th_TH"> ภาษาไทย (Thai) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Tagalog (Tagalog)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-tl_PH" data-locale="tl_PH" role="menuitem" lang="tl_PH"> Tagalog (Tagalog) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Türkçe (Turkish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-tr_TR" data-locale="tr_TR" role="menuitem" lang="tr_TR"> Türkçe (Turkish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Українська (Ukrainian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-uk_UA" data-locale="uk_UA" role="menuitem" lang="uk_UA"> Українська (Ukrainian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-vi_VN" data-locale="vi_VN" role="menuitem" lang="vi_VN"> Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="简体中文 (Chinese (Simplified))" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-zh_CN" data-locale="zh_CN" role="menuitem" lang="zh_CN"> 简体中文 (Chinese (Simplified)) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="正體中文 (Chinese (Traditional))" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-zh_TW" data-locale="zh_TW" role="menuitem" lang="zh_TW"> 正體中文 (Chinese (Traditional)) </button> </li>  </ul> <button class="language-selector__button select-none relative pr-2 font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-low-emphasis hover:text-color-link-hover hover:cursor-pointer focus:text-color-link-focus focus:outline-dotted focus:outline-1" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="footer-lang-dropdown_trigger"> <span class="language-selector__label-text mr-0.5 break-words"> Language </span> <icon class="language-selector__label-chevron w-2 h-2 absolute top-0 right-0" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> </div> </li> </ul>  </footer> <script src="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/eh08muqvrde4h3hc6koyij5ti" async></script>  <script src="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/ek2tdg64hm7rdsrulg3lyo2vc" async defer></script> <script data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/81wy0f4hfrhoilx9eqdwg202z" data-module-id="media-player"></script> <code id="trackingData" style="display: none"></code> <code id="alcOnlyData" style="display: none"></code> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

The octave - Music Theory for Songwriters: The Fundamentals Video Tutorial | LinkedIn Learning, formerly Lynda.com