CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91341fe6cae8401c',cH: '_Tmsbv5RjWExGlAL7deUwb7mVd7V2xf7kpZK1l7Ey8s-1739777977-1.2.1.1-T4jpTj1usA.Fp7y9Z4G98yNsMIUbpuQCRpym.A4njyBYPSvD55b5z.8mKkZzjTQX',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=electricity%20price&__cf_chl_tk=iDuaCXxaOMd6kT3YpRN9ZmIuDL9lT4I5PRFlhml9ldA-1739777977-1.0.1.1-9tJ.SKGvrDff.8G_wYXX4cVX4MhHo0hsWTdPJZNRAjs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777977',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=electricity%20price&__cf_chl_f_tk=iDuaCXxaOMd6kT3YpRN9ZmIuDL9lT4I5PRFlhml9ldA-1739777977-1.0.1.1-9tJ.SKGvrDff.8G_wYXX4cVX4MhHo0hsWTdPJZNRAjs",md: "_sTb871H8oLhmq1FJm.rok4lMb8LdTJugLrkc9Qf8kg-1739777977-1.2.1.1-vU2hDPZk3Hd.pSR7LY6lh2OlY_a4rBq7VII0EE4x2poeVVlXRdB.QOziDCAuXZq5XjsnhghlbEStNWS3REzgI8WL_6G1EdA0_g1ooExjakidrCv674Hk4vj7xP8GQMGUBEF6jiQG5NlBuc95YJbh7190z8GYM6u1qJmOzAcr6N_jaTWQf_jXxDELT1hvmZPic6oI18K5EOxqt2SqiqjiBxJnT0ZBfrnaV68q_GKGm9XpEaZV6diuN4WV950jjAquOsKjLtDm.RU2lgPnU9QLEYSQuHzetcGdaIwYRVChuuKiobnYpur7xnxogJEcsWTFCbzs.6y7QDKWrHIlHYH4Wef9cqgSIfYsE1gp1YjY0xuwIioR6LZ9Ib1nvz25tmoEW.DDvUjyAaV3DC2vvhVxWzGB_YPPlYEXsyg1MCJd0qAvPCslyQhh4lRt7WNqO4oDFM7G.EqTgTvIYNTpDelcaRRIRrUL9XYxrCXH63k19JqLqdyAUBFFgz9_t5AVVQxMGzu5k15i_a2Mh0LFHXQq58Bl.CS5XcpUnJdEkC2ksdkjhT9HxQhdvrmFCva0xnGhc9vnk9OB2PSVmbuEe4zlKGzuhFkv.l_MBApg06WFVqpl2doFdLk1ixdzEBowFZZpaa.36jZWpiTHK6bp6LcDBcRY5.F9LCsVSUJf3zxMQEwch3S6R2DeG1ULfdEg8s2Zyu8Xa.QntrKkkC.WiUPtW9GYbHoReMHKpyqjrX0Y_ZbhRG55.2qZaX6Qec6zH2rQKUzOVecJTflSJ452k.0BLHLF4VuTMeXsen23J2sL61o7GLANjqYXn3xyxceI3JvGeU09DjdC_D1R2p2mLtgizDrF.1HVxJk6GwndMQ4tBONE3rYtqv9GNYnXyGxfkp0JzLykkxsxAYmGF7Fqfh7dU2W4TmP7OCbsk.OpiqxaUd3w7bdeEN1WGZECQVuphQ0uZ.CwvCFa6_CF1nySmDHIWkYP_8lYjSptBgIxhlrKzbVNgXYURgKkBE8s_R.F2Cf6ZntXvu9Nac.sDicup3pi.6ETi29k2GukYfE0nz3hadmH2JYjC5rl3.cpVFbEkq_M0oB.9OKmOyLuzzVOFbE5G1U5R.SCIbILHcakej1iT4AL6sxFuKVKVpSmSf_B7sEAzLd9lFHRrPsgEcYtgpZ98d8yyTMlvzoEGFzPRyyll6xOyWAvh_c0RGdz991thPlMPdKkeIHiRZonTskhbj9yiEC8R1tIVctcCzHEzRqAtjtQ9EtwS2JqoVD0Liyt95Y6TiESGG5VSrQIb0PSdKl1qXwoT5d09AGWfzk10PSWx_bJZuLndfv7gG1uwK_9v9QuckCEUU91x35mtAWQnBIEXnZ7Rjv7HPpfyzVV.vtylzLcHQw1jmFDTlS6kev4HSC8L4zlrs0Y4KXBmIhgQjpx5hG85cFFf0c.39JFzGA5uKMQiqy5LIeus17q.xLN3MSGZW8ThFcwerracz75NI21DsShCw5tPuGB9n6iiwS5nYjzpQXrOGEz_C6mJygcoBTsH0fpeLAYgPHiKfRMQicD.zdBDwZtJdcbu.9unToOuJoYEuU71NloagJspZzyQczJ.MJS6iPwgjdnYXseVBGwDoTIJhUHqnxTU5UNkUQYvk308z.wDwXwBaP3XVA7HZ06Q6I6rLfDE0A24pNedfzwlIs8yjxhiOjoQJKaT_hBMNLKw60n_lQFwsdixouz.VtnIbxfXJVMQMROe1NeBYsdF745ALmdp3DNhRL_Q417P8M_8a3XOjIF.y8HNqxzjQ8BqtziA4blFEHISYRxjiuu1m.hk4lSlyOHTLYatwlxZLlmHS5fyWmdTKlRjlSu2RKqDBldPUjv6bH7ILlJ_Tt4.elyxsPcU1gbFvGAzsm94DFjOx2Ak6C9SZG_b5pRFVCICP8Vxl6A2FRl4gxZEBXozSJrb5jl9VT3.gWL7VJnr5Y",mdrd: "lm9Hln0cEFKX5GunS1VKKAslVkGso9.cA4KnxqoAW2E-1739777977-1.2.1.1-xT1EcBIDzOXw0fQwQ.u8SlBa.s5iRrMTyAF8igLzsrqdKrA8TGFtO5_Ftu8QgoEZlh79FdHOGdHfqpMv3fgN2fub97EHZMHOjnY1CFbG3sMhj0Dt6I6lxdA4zZ9_hEBtdhgAZXvmwHvZPAAOT0FjO8WL6WvkhkWy59mzx_WJuTUfxxLOjxAy4Fnd5qWpi5QkKsA2AvOXqB6S2eAvKhTMC9wpHkBzGfew_9kQqh_jSG0uBkltlcwEPUUgHfhpqfkm0tllwWm2mZqDJ9GCOKqniCs1x2sG5d.1MJajCuAowFekEsEaU9F66FpeUrzGWEOeZaqg5ZWNy.Afpdi_g6BhnMbyW92bbL_TF6L3eQadkA9OklGDnWAEfGyM9J4iM1QJnZpvEXxUvPASk3NiGD9CLKhzK84Wr0h61os9cLnpRAp5ogrs.038LKNVWmE8Gbdv0VlafFBYzOfftPZZ3XpZmECdyEFUVYQKgGqoKSbu4wg089N3veVsvwhL0Mnd0hwDFIVyLypiJ5d0H6iilEkqbLKRIs12csccyhG1CaDZOQInpuFCLeUpzs3JlhUTuAoGcKl2n.37KcKEzjxLEPaEx5sS4GlJEoF6CO93aCptdniMQ0gTbP0dqk19Rf_NwGQZT_sbmSIPposxFMRmeVXOs6W8C25rZE1JG2Z_Luc49NzkVaVZCiAlOqJhcbRrOPZnzYzaHZD5G7l0FzfiON2ePing69hcgh_NWqhlkKskEEFlJiNGsvs8zklWjXTaInJUEZQFa0FgzsiZlG2fhZ4OlTf7yHZzvjBjdooPzeqemQ57BHzBPA3Ch_2GEH49evr_qEu0h76zbyU6cDPGUGW8YLVkYKwOiW_5PBvltdRfkaqnFIRiuyaIXDFMY_NROuOfnW4nzNRFqzObh6jADUGtSC3ELF2xOweKH.Af2n54Q7JoCi4DLeZ.YgVfmiJX6JrVUvD3_7QPZvGkt2oQEZOazwTyoakzwFM.zTkERKO7Y_tNLNv_hpc53wgJWaC8aWueNd9UcXBC1NImy1_YmuG.UwcsDsEyq85pimHUkA9p6j_7aoNb3moREPc5QJGFdqeFliDXCF9VlVZTWtTtf_dWp_.ZkIHWmpG8G6BPNK74O94ihjtqhulgWdiSfHuLawAPHkExkIapZRc8YjbqOJJo9J6lxfv36buZfYpAWgJQ6APOzyd59bGpyIZcPvmQwMf6DIjlMAiKZeANNPX.EyfEQvcaArbTH96rRY8kiK9avLQCOLHycESUHzujxgXvbLkJiPhL.FqfSggp0iDcIHWkyl0I1g25sgwHquIJ0Lbojp7TVlsR3zy4yuqjufgTnxbNKzKrppf8eTx8grimck9HVyv_h9Dp4lzL7tQrlSY_W8na07SYyITA8wAFQd5ukUEH_s0zp_caIx0Xr9_moXCBrfIplan6duUFdoDxLZ9SG5WB7aafv1RF7VaCSa68LYMYYidG41Y0EVlP7sJ1bcc6nVAaJ8uBO719ZEvQUdfjz3K0X60.N3zJBnTJq2gXBWMmVxdyw.7DK9wg675flthvTP1JwzFzv6A9rgv2WWK0eE8ZjxfjXl8PpgGU7OOG33ZKJr_Ir9ZPAaDUV1mngSL8RDxOMNww320G1CrcxNvjqJJbGjmSUa9De1eY6rSp0d03ktQNs3KgY.b.lVVL5oBsbYtXGDtYHWS0wBzkvouvcoMmTmUXmPFLdZ_61xbZLCovfmfhb8gyaIzbiW6.K3RcIbVVn5Y.aClA0V4VVhuF1KGo4VS2SxpH7U8k4M3G2UPU8oCo5zawIob3aWGUqU2boQwX2Lp1kOyNYbkwGdY_NvDdjem8dy0EmkDQyqlFrvASgAL_yXWpQ6en_UuQoMYz_uwErWH9c2exGOGfMZtIRvKdM01Wq4zK4i6s8HWZIKUrLJq4mraXXF_5rgC5PDt2APIq.oZFQp8rmkX09MjAxCiIOHWtzytcP2D5KBV8msxSAN0kT3ay1zfHKpvM32F4jA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91341fe6cae8401c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=electricity%20price&__cf_chl_rt_tk=iDuaCXxaOMd6kT3YpRN9ZmIuDL9lT4I5PRFlhml9ldA-1739777977-1.0.1.1-9tJ.SKGvrDff.8G_wYXX4cVX4MhHo0hsWTdPJZNRAjs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>