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McKenzie</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Karen McKenzie"> <meta name="keywords" content="Karen McKenzie"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Karen McKenzie"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 129</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Karen McKenzie</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Variations and Anomalies of the Posterior Cerebral Artery in a South African Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Cilliers">Karen Cilliers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benedict%20J.%20Page"> Benedict J. Page</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Limited research focuses on the anatomy of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and its cortical branches, even though there can be variation in the presence, size, and origin. The PCA branching pattern has not been adequately reported, and the true division point remains unclear. Anomalies of the PCA have been described in the previous literature; however, few examples have been reported. Furthermore, possible differences between right and left, sex, population and age groups may exist. Therefore, the aim of this study was to report on these aspects from a South African population. One hundred and twenty-six hemispheres were obtained consisting of 86 males and 38 females, between the ages of 22 and 84 (average 45 years of age). This comprised of three population groups, namely coloured (n=74), black (n=38), white (n=10) and two unknown cases. The PCA was injected with an isotonic saline and a colored silicone. The external diameter was measured with a digital micrometer, and length was measured with a string and a ruler. Presence and origins of the cortical branches were similar to the literature; however, duplications, triplications, and unusual origins were observed. The diameter and lengths indicated significant differences between the right and left sides, sex, population and age groups. Branching patterns were identified and compared to the prevalence from previous studies. Two fenestrations were observed in the P2A segment. The presence, size, origin, branching pattern and anomalies of the PCA were investigated in this study. The diameter and length can be significantly different, especially between the right and left-hand side. Changes in the diameter and length can be indicative of certain neuropathological conditions and can play a role in aneurysms formation. Adequate knowledge of the normal and abnormal PCA anatomy is crucial for surgery in the vicinity of the PCA. Therefore, future studies should focus on these aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branching" title="branching">branching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cortical%20branches" title=" cortical branches"> cortical branches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fenestration" title=" fenestration"> fenestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posterior%20cerebral%20artery" title=" posterior cerebral artery"> posterior cerebral artery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71403/variations-and-anomalies-of-the-posterior-cerebral-artery-in-a-south-african-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> The Relationship of Socioeconomic Status and Levels of Delinquency among Senior High School Students with Secured Attachment to Their Mothers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aldrin%20Avergas">Aldrin Avergas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quennie%20Mariel%20Pe%C3%B1aranda"> Quennie Mariel Peñaranda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%C3%B1a%20Karen%20San%20Miguel"> Niña Karen San Miguel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexis%20Katrina%20Agustin"> Alexis Katrina Agustin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peralta%20Xusha%20Mae"> Peralta Xusha Mae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Luisa%20Sison"> Maria Luisa Sison</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research is entitled “The Relationship of Socioeconomic Status and Levels of Delinquency among Senior High School Students with Secured Attachment to their Mothers”. The researchers had explored the relationship between socioeconomic status and delinquent tendencies among grade 11 students. The objective of the research is to discover if delinquent behavior will have a relationship with the current socio-economic status of an adolescent student having a warm relationship with their mothers. The researchers utilized three questionnaires that would measure the three variables of the study, namely: (1) 1SEC 2012: The New Philippines Socioeconomic Classification System was used to show the current socioeconomic status of the respondents, (2) Self-Reported Delinquency – Problem Behavior Frequency Scale was utilized to determine the individual's frequency in engaging to delinquent behavior, and (3) Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment Revised (IPPA-R) was used to determine the attachment style of the respondents. The researchers utilized a quantitative research design, specifically correlation research. The study concluded that there is no significant relationship between socioeconomic status and academic delinquency despite the fact that these participants had secured attachment to their mother hence this research implies that delinquency is not just a problem for students belonging in the lower socio-economic status and that even having a warm and close relationship with their mothers is not sufficient enough for these students to completely be free from engaging in delinquent acts. There must be other factors (such as peer pressure, emotional quotient, self-esteem or etc.) that are might be contributing to delinquent behaviors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title="adolescents">adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delinquency" title=" delinquency"> delinquency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20school%20students" title=" high school students"> high school students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secured%20attachment%20style" title=" secured attachment style"> secured attachment style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socioeconomic%20status" title=" socioeconomic status"> socioeconomic status</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104241/the-relationship-of-socioeconomic-status-and-levels-of-delinquency-among-senior-high-school-students-with-secured-attachment-to-their-mothers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Mouse Knockouts for Elucidating the Role of Cysteine-Rich Angiogenic Inducer 61 in Tendon Development and Maintenance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josephine%20Hai">Josephine Hai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Jiang"> Jie Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20M.%20Lyons"> Karen M. Lyons</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Of the musculoskeletal tissues, tendon is least understood in terms of biological development. The current study examines Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61, or CCN1, a member of the CCN family of secreted matricellular proteins that regulate cell behavior via intercellular signaling. Though CCN1 is notable in limiting fibrosis by inducing senescence in fibroblasts, little is known about its role in normal fibrous tissue, where it may be essential to the development of ECM-rich structures like tendons. We found that CCN1 knockout mice (using limb-specific Prx1-Cre) exhibited clubfoot and waddling gaits, a unique phenotype not described in any other mutant to date. Histological analysis showed that the Achilles and patellar tendons, where we previously found high CCN1 expression in adult reporter mice, were thicker and denser in the Prx1-Cre knockouts than in their wildtype littermates. We then hypothesized that CCN1 is required directly in tendon progenitor cells for normal tendon development and generated tendon-specific CCN1 knockout mice using Scx-Cre. We observed similar Achilles/patellar tendon morphology among the Scx-Cre and Prx1-Cre mutants, indicating that the phenotype is a direct result of CCN1’s loss in tendon. To further study phenotype onset and progression, we will histologically characterize these tendons across different developmental time-points. We will also perform RNA-seq and qPCR to analyze tenocyte gene expression and expect fibrotic marker upregulation in the Scx-Cre mutants if CCN1 is required to maintain a normal tendon phenotype. Thus, our study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying tendon formation and maintenance. Understanding tendons at the most basic level invites novel approaches to tendon repair. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title="development">development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matricellular" title=" matricellular"> matricellular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musculoskeletal" title=" musculoskeletal"> musculoskeletal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tendon" title=" tendon"> tendon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94497/mouse-knockouts-for-elucidating-the-role-of-cysteine-rich-angiogenic-inducer-61-in-tendon-development-and-maintenance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> (Re)Framing the Muslim Subject: Studying the Artistic Representation of Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib Detainees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iqra%20Raza">Iqra Raza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper attempts to conceptualize the (de)humanization of the Muslim subject in Karen J. Greenberg and Janet Hamlin’s transmedia Sketching Guantanamo through a close study of the aesthetics and semiotics of the text. The Muslim experience, the paper shall argue, is mediated through a (de)humanization confined and incarcerated within the chains of artistic representation. Hamlin’s reliance on the distortions offered by stereotypes is reminiscent of the late Victorian epistemology on criminality, as evidenced most starkly in the sketch of Khalid Sheikh Mohammad. The position of the white artist thus becomes suspect in the enterprise of neo-Victorian ethnography. The visual stories of movement from within Guantanamo become potent; the paper shall argue, especially in juxtaposition with the images of stillness that came out from the detention centers, which portrayed the enactment of violence on individual bodies with a deliberate erasure of faces. So, while art becomes a way for reclaiming subjectivity or humanizing these identifiable bodies, the medium predicates itself on their objectification. The paper shall explore various questions about what it means for the (criminal?) subjects to be rendered into art rather than being photographed. Does art entail a necessary departure from the assumed objectivity of the photographic images? What makes art the preferred medium for (de)humanization of the violated Muslim bodies? What happens when art is produced without a recognition of the ‘precariousness’ of the life being portrayed? Rendering the detainees into art becomes a slippery task complicated by Hamlin’s privileged position outside the glass walls of the court. The paper shall adjourn analysis at the many dichotomies that exist in the text viz. between the White men and the brown, the Muslims and the Christians, Occident and the Orient problematized by Hamlin’s politics, that of a ‘neutral outsider’ which quickly turns on its head and becomes complicity in her deliberate erasure of the violence that shaped and still shapes Guantanamo. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Ghraib" title="Abu Ghraib">Abu Ghraib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derrida" title=" Derrida"> Derrida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guantanamo" title=" Guantanamo"> Guantanamo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphic%20journalism" title=" graphic journalism"> graphic journalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muslimness" title=" Muslimness"> Muslimness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orient" title=" orient"> orient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrality" title=" spectrality"> spectrality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135342/reframing-the-muslim-subject-studying-the-artistic-representation-of-guantanamo-and-abu-ghraib-detainees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Story of Sexual Violence: Curriculum as Intervention</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20V.%20Lee">Karen V. Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The background and significance of this study involves autoethnographic research about a music teacher learning how education and curriculum planning can help her overcome harmful and lasting career consequences from sexual violence. Curriculum surrounding intervention resources from education helps her cope with consequences influencing her career as music teacher. Basic methodology involves the qualitative method of research as theoretical framework where the author is drawn into a deep storied reflection about political issues surrounding teachers who need to overcome social, psychological, and health risk behaviors from violence. Sub-themes involve counseling, curriculum, adult education to ensure teachers receive social, emotional, physical, spiritual, and intervention resources that evoke visceral, emotional responses from the audience. Major findings share how stories provide helpful resources to teachers who have been victims of violence. It is hoped the research dramatizes an episodic yet incomplete story that highlights the circumstances surrounding the protagonist’s life as teacher with previous sexual violence. In conclusion, the research has a reflexive storied framework with video and music from curriculum planning that embraces harmful and lasting consequences from sexual violence. The reflexive story of the sensory experience critically seeks verisimilitude by evoking lifelike and believable feelings from others. Thus, the scholarly importance of using education and curriculum as intervention resources to accompany storied research can provide transformative aspects that can contribute to social change. Overall, the circumstance surrounding the story about sexual violence is not uncommon in society. Thus, continued education and curriculum that supports the moral mission to help teachers overcome sexual violence that socially impacts their professional lives as victims. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title="education">education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum" title=" curriculum"> curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20violence" title=" sexual violence"> sexual violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storied%20autoethnography" title=" storied autoethnography"> storied autoethnography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43713/story-of-sexual-violence-curriculum-as-intervention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Effectiveness of Computer Video Games on the Levels of Anxiety of Children Scheduled for Tooth Extraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marji%20Umil">Marji Umil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miane%20Karyle%20Urolaza"> Miane Karyle Urolaza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20Winston%20Dale%20Uy"> Ian Winston Dale Uy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Charle%20Magne%20Valdez"> John Charle Magne Valdez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Elizabeth%20Valdez"> Karen Elizabeth Valdez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ervin%20Charles%20Valencia"> Ervin Charles Valencia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheryleen%20Tan-Chua"> Cheryleen Tan-Chua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: Distraction techniques can be successful in reducing the anxiety of children during medical procedures. Dental procedures, in particular, are associated with dental anxiety which has been identified as a significant and common problem in children, however, only limited studies were conducted to address such problem. Thus, this study determined the effectiveness of computer video games on the levels of anxiety of children between 5-12 years old scheduled for tooth extraction. Methods: A pre-test post-test quasi-experimental study was conducted involving 30 randomly-assigned subjects, 15 in the experimental and 15 in the control. Subjects in the experimental group played computer video games for a maximum of 15 minutes, however, no intervention was done on the control. The modified Yale Pre-operative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS) with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.9 was used to assess anxiety at two different points: upon arrival in the clinic (pre-test anxiety) and 15 minutes after the first measurement (post-test anxiety). Paired t-test and ANCOVA were used to analyze the gathered data. Results: Results showed that there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test anxiety scores of the control group (p=0.0002) which indicates an increased anxiety. A significant difference was also noted between the pre-test and post-test anxiety scores of the experimental group (p=0.0002) which indicates decreased anxiety. Comparatively, the experimental group showed lower anxiety score (p=<0.0001) than the control. Conclusion: The use of computer video games is effective in reducing the pre-operative anxiety among children and can be an alternative non-pharmacological management in giving pre-operative care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=play%20therapy" title="play therapy">play therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preoperative%20anxiety" title=" preoperative anxiety"> preoperative anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tooth%20extraction" title=" tooth extraction"> tooth extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20games" title=" video games"> video games</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21257/effectiveness-of-computer-video-games-on-the-levels-of-anxiety-of-children-scheduled-for-tooth-extraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Development of Hybrid Materials Combining Biomass as Fique Fibers with Metal-Organic Frameworks, and Their Potential as Mercury Adsorbents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20G.%20Bastidas%20Gomez">Karen G. Bastidas Gomez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugo%20R.%20Zea%20Ramirez"> Hugo R. Zea Ramirez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuel%20F.%20Ribeiro%20Pereira"> Manuel F. Ribeiro Pereira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cesar%20A.%20Sierra%20Avila"> Cesar A. Sierra Avila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20A.%20Clavijo%20Morales"> Juan A. Clavijo Morales</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The contamination of water sources with heavy metals such as mercury has been an environmental problem; it has generated a high impact on the environment and human health. In countries such as Colombia, mercury contamination due to mining has reached levels much higher than the world average. This work proposes the use of fique fibers as adsorbent in mercury removal. The evaluation of the material was carried out under five different conditions (raw, pretreated by organosolv, functionalized by TEMPO oxidation, fiber functionalized plus MOF-199 and fiber functionalized plus MOF-199-SH). All the materials were characterized using FTIR, SEM, EDX, XRD, and TGA. Regarding the mercury removal, it was done under room pressure and temperature, also pH = 7 for all materials presentations, followed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The high cellulose content in fique is the main particularity of this lignocellulosic biomass since the degree of oxidation depends on the number of hydroxyl groups on the surface capable of oxidizing into carboxylic acids, a functional group capable of increasing ion exchange with mercury in solution. It was also expected that the impregnation of the MOF would increase the mercury removal; however, it was found that the functionalized fique achieved a greater percentage of removal, resulting in 81.33% of removal, 44% for the fique with the MOF-199 and 72% for the MOF-199-SH with. The pretreated fiber and raw also showed 74% and 56%, respectively, which indicates that fique does not require considerable modifications in its structure to achieve good performances. Even so, the functionalized fiber increases the percentage of removal considerably compared to the pretreated fique, which suggests that the functionalization process is a feasible procedure to apply with the purpose of improving the removal percentage. In addition, this is a procedure that follows a green approach since the reagents involved have low environmental impact, and the contribution to the remediation of natural resources is high. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnology" title=" nanotechnology"> nanotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20materials" title=" science materials"> science materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20treatment" title=" wastewater treatment"> wastewater treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123729/development-of-hybrid-materials-combining-biomass-as-fique-fibers-with-metal-organic-frameworks-and-their-potential-as-mercury-adsorbents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123729.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> The Development of an Agent-Based Model to Support a Science-Based Evacuation and Shelter-in-Place Planning Process within the United States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyle%20%20Burke%20Pfeiffer">Kyle Burke Pfeiffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carmella%20Burdi"> Carmella Burdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Marsh"> Karen Marsh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The evacuation and shelter-in-place planning process employed by most jurisdictions within the United States is not informed by a scientifically-derived framework that is inclusive of the behavioral and policy-related indicators of public compliance with evacuation orders. While a significant body of work exists to define these indicators, the research findings have not been well-integrated nor translated into useable planning factors for public safety officials. Additionally, refinement of the planning factors alone is insufficient to support science-based evacuation planning as the behavioral elements of evacuees—even with consideration of policy-related indicators—must be examined in the context of specific regional transportation and shelter networks. To address this problem, the Federal Emergency Management Agency and Argonne National Laboratory developed an agent-based model to support regional analysis of zone-based evacuation in southeastern Georgia. In particular, this model allows public safety officials to analyze the consequences that a range of hazards may have upon a community, assess evacuation and shelter-in-place decisions in the context of specified evacuation and response plans, and predict outcomes based on community compliance with orders and the capacity of the regional (to include extra-jurisdictional) transportation and shelter networks. The intention is to use this model to aid evacuation planning and decision-making. Applications for the model include developing a science-driven risk communication strategy and, ultimately, in the case of evacuation, the shortest possible travel distance and clearance times for evacuees within the regional boundary conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agent-based%20modeling%20for%20evacuation" title="agent-based modeling for evacuation">agent-based modeling for evacuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-support%20for%20evacuation%20planning" title=" decision-support for evacuation planning"> decision-support for evacuation planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evacuation%20planning" title=" evacuation planning"> evacuation planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20behavior%20in%20evacuation" title=" human behavior in evacuation"> human behavior in evacuation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77542/the-development-of-an-agent-based-model-to-support-a-science-based-evacuation-and-shelter-in-place-planning-process-within-the-united-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77542.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Inclusive, Just and Effective Transition: Comparing Market-Based and Redistributive Approaches to Sustainability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Bell">Karen Bell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While there is broad agreement among governments and civil society globally about the need to develop more sustainable societies, the best way to achieve this is still contested. In particular, there are differences regarding whether to continue to implement market-based approaches or to move to alternative redistributive-based approaches. In this paper, ‘Green Economy’ and ‘Living Well’ strategies are compared as examples of these two different strategies for achieving social, ecological and economic sustainability. The paper is based on a 3-year ESRC funded project on transitions to sustainability which examines the implementation of the ‘Green Economy’ paradigm in South Korea and the 'Living Well' paradigm in Bolivia. As well as outlining and analysing secondary data, the paper also draws on over 100 interviews with a range of local stakeholders in these countries carried out by the author between and including 2016 and 2018. The work indicates that the Living Well paradigm seems to better integrate social, ecological and economic concerns and may better deliver sustainability in the time frame necessary than the dominant Green Economy paradigm. This seems to be primarily because Living Well emphasises redistribution to reduce inequality and ensure human needs are met; living in harmony with nature, taking into account natural limits and cycles; respecting traditional values and practices where these support sustainability and human well-being; sovereignty and local control of natural resources; and participative decision-making, based on grassroots community organising. It is, therefore, argued that to achieve inclusive, just and effective transitions to sustainability we should aim to foster equality, respect planetary limits, build on local traditions, bring resources into public ownership and enhance participatory democracy. This will require a radically different approach to that offered within the market-based agenda currently dominating global sustainability debates and activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20transition" title="environmental transition">environmental transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20economy" title=" green economy"> green economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20sustainability" title=" inclusive sustainability"> inclusive sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=living%20well" title=" living well"> living well</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20transition" title=" sustainable transition"> sustainable transition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89229/inclusive-just-and-effective-transition-comparing-market-based-and-redistributive-approaches-to-sustainability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Enhancing Experiential Education in Teacher Education Classes Through Simulated Person Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Armstrong">Karen Armstrong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is a narrative inquiry into the use of simulated person methodology (SPM) in teacher education classes. This methodology -often used in medical schools- has tremendous benefits in terms of enhancing experiential education in teacher education classes. Literacy education is a major focus in elementary schools. New teachers must work with parents to ensure that children learn to read and expand their literacy horizons. The classes used in this narrative inquiry research consist of one graduate class on family literacy and two pre-service teacher education classes: literacy and culture and early and family literacy. Two scenarios were devised, both of which simulated a parent-teacher interview. In the first scenario, the parent is a reluctant father who is ashamed of his lack of reading ability and does not understand why literacy is important. His seven-year-old son, wanting to emulate his father, has suddenly transformed from an eager student to one who rejects the value of reading in loyalty to his father who cannot read. In the second scenario, a father is called in by the teacher because his son has started acting out in class. The mother in this scenario is temporarily absent from the home, and the father is now the sole caregiver. In each of the scenarios, students are the teachers who are problem-solving these dilemmas in a safe environment with the 'parent' who is a specially trained simulated person. Teacher candidates enact, with the trained simulated person, their strategies for encouraging parents to engage in the literacy development of their children. Teacher candidates attempt to offer support and encouragement to parents. This simulation strategy offers both beginning and more experienced teachers the opportunity to practice an interview with two distinct and contrasting family situations with regard to the literacy of young children. The paper discusses the details of the scenarios enacted in class and the reflective discussion through which students learn from the simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiential%20education" title="experiential education">experiential education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literacy" title=" literacy"> literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulated%20person%20methodology" title=" simulated person methodology"> simulated person methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20education" title=" teacher education"> teacher education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107310/enhancing-experiential-education-in-teacher-education-classes-through-simulated-person-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Indigenous Understandings of Climate Vulnerability in Chile: A Qualitative Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosario%20Carmona">Rosario Carmona</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article aims to discuss the importance of indigenous people participation in climate change mitigation and adaptation. Specifically, it analyses different understandings of climate vulnerability among diverse actors involved in climate change policies in Chile: indigenous people, state officials, and academics. These data were collected through participant observation and interviews conducted during October 2017 and January 2019 in Chile. Following Karen O’Brien, there are two types of vulnerability, outcome vulnerability and contextual vulnerability. How vulnerability to climate change is understood determines the approach, which actors are involved and which knowledge is considered to address it. Because climate change is a very complex phenomenon, it is necessary to transform the institutions and their responses. To do so, it is fundamental to consider these two perspectives and different types of knowledge, particularly those of the most vulnerable, such as indigenous people. For centuries and thanks to a long coexistence with the environment, indigenous societies have elaborated coping strategies, and some of them are already adapting to climate change. Indigenous people from Chile are not an exception. But, indigenous people tend to be excluded from decision-making processes. And indigenous knowledge is frequently seen as subjective and arbitrary in relation to science. Nevertheless, last years indigenous knowledge has gained particular relevance in the academic world, and indigenous actors are getting prominence in international negotiations. There are some mechanisms that promote their participation (e.g., Cancun safeguards, World Bank operational policies, REDD+), which are not absent from difficulties. And since 2016 parties are working on a Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform. This paper also explores the incidence of this process in Chile. Although there is progress in the participation of indigenous people, this participation responds to the operational policies of the funding agencies and not to a real commitment of the state with this sector. The State of Chile omits a review of the structure that promotes inequality and the exclusion of indigenous people. In this way, climate change policies could be configured as a new mechanism of coloniality that validates a single type of knowledge and leads to new territorial control strategies, which increases vulnerability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20knowledge" title="indigenous knowledge">indigenous knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability" title=" vulnerability"> vulnerability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chile" title=" Chile"> Chile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107322/indigenous-understandings-of-climate-vulnerability-in-chile-a-qualitative-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Cannabis Use Reported by Patients in an Academic Medical Practice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siddhant%20Yadav">Siddhant Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ann%20Vincent"> Ann Vincent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeev%20Nanda"> Sanjeev Nanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20M.%20Fischer"> Karen M. Fischer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessica%20A.%20Wright"> Jessica A. Wright</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Statement of the Problem: Despite the growing popularity of cannabis in the general population, there are several unknowns regarding its use, specific reasons for use, patient’s choice of products, health benefits, and adverse effects. The aim of our study was to evaluate patient-reported information related to cannabis use that was recorded in the electronic medical records. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: We manually reviewed the electronic medical records of cannabis users who were part of a large pharmacogenomic study. Data abstracted included demographics, level of education, concurrent alcohol and tobacco use, type of cannabis utilized, formulation, indication, symptomatic improvement, or adverse effects reported. Following this, we did a descriptive statistical analysis. Findings: Our sample of 164 cannabis users were predominantly female (73.2%); 66% of users reported using cannabis for medical indications. Of the 109 patients who recorded information pertaining to alcohol/tobacco use, two-thirds of cannabis users reported concurrent use of alcohol, and about half of them were former or current tobacco users. The mean age of cannabis use was 66 years. Regarding the type of cannabis, 34.1% reported using marijuana, 32.3% reported CBD use, 1.8% reported using THC, and 1.2% reported using Marinol. Oral formulations (capsules, oils, suspensions, brownies, cakes, and tea) were the most common route (44 %). Indications for use included chronic pain (n=76), anxiety (n=9), counteracting side effects of chemotherapy (n=4), and palliative reasons (n=2). Fifty-eight of the 76 users endorsed improvement in chronic pain (80%), 5 users reported improvement in anxiety, and 2 reported improvement in side effects of chemotherapy. Conclusion & Significance: The majority of our cannabis users were Caucasian females, and there was a high likelihood of coinciding use of alcohol/tobacco in patients using cannabis. Most of our patients used the oral formulation for chronic pain. Importantly, a considerable number of patients reported improvements in chronic pain, anxiety, and side effects of chemotherapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cannabis%20use" title="cannabis use">cannabis use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adverse%20effects" title=" adverse effects"> adverse effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20practice" title=" medical practice"> medical practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indications" title=" indications"> indications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163933/cannabis-use-reported-by-patients-in-an-academic-medical-practice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Attitude to Cultural Diversity and Inclusive Pedagogical Practices in the Classroom: A Correlational Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20M.%20Espinoza">Laura M. Espinoza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20A.%20Hern%C3%A1ndez"> Karen A. Hernández</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20B.%20Ledezma"> Diana B. Ledezma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, in Chile, migratory movements are generated, where the country receives constantly people from Latin America such as Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Haiti, among others. This phenomenon has reached the schools of Chile, where immigrant children and adolescents are educated in a context of cultural diversity. However, education professionals face this recent phenomenon without prior preparation to carry out their pedagogical practices in the classroom. On the other hand, research on how to understand and guide the processes of cultural diversity especially within the school is even scarce and recent in Latin America and specifically in Chile. The general purpose of the study is to analyze the relationships between teaching efforts towards multiculturalism and inclusive pedagogical practices in the schools of the city of La Serena and Coquimbo, in Chile. The study refers to a quantitative approach, with a correlational design. The selection of the participants was not intentional probabilistic. It comprises 88 teachers of preschool, primary, secondary and special education, who work in two schools with similar characteristics. For the collection of information on the independent variable, the attitude scale towards Immigration and the attitude scale towards Multiculturalism in the school are applied. To obtain information on the independent variable, the guide for the evaluation of inclusive practices in the classroom is applied. Both instruments have statistical validation. A Spearman correlation analysis was made to achieve the objective of the study. Among the main findings, we will find the relationships between the positive perceptions of multiculturalism at school and inclusive practices such as the physical conditions of the classroom, planning, methodology, use of time and evaluation. These findings are relevant to the teaching and learning processes of students in Chilean classrooms and contribute to literature for the understanding of educational processes in contexts of cultural diversity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20diversity" title="cultural diversity">cultural diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigration" title=" immigration"> immigration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20pedagogical%20practices" title=" inclusive pedagogical practices"> inclusive pedagogical practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiculturalism" title=" multiculturalism"> multiculturalism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106761/attitude-to-cultural-diversity-and-inclusive-pedagogical-practices-in-the-classroom-a-correlational-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106761.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> ASEAN Economic Community 2015: Impacts and Challenges toward Tourism Labor Movement in Indonesia and Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budi%20Purnomo">Budi Purnomo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20M.%20Fernandez"> Karen M. Fernandez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The creation of an ASEAN Community in 2015 is definitely one thing to look forward to. Integration may have birth pains in the beginning but at the end of the day, there are many opportunities that each member-state can take advantage that will benefit the people of ASEAN. Once fully integrated in 2015, ASEAN-certified tourism professionals who pass the common competency standards may find employment in various divisions of labor that are common across various sectors of tourism in member countries. At present, there are six labor divisions where tourism professionals may find employment in ASEAN member countries: namely Front Office; Housekeeping; Food Production; Food and Beverage Services (for Hotel Services); Travel Agency; and Tour Operations (for Travel Services Division). The study attempts to assess the readiness of Indonesian and Filipino students prospective skilled and educated tourism labors to work in ASEAN member countries by 2015. The data sources are obtained from a researcher-designed questionnaire and in-depth interview to reveal the interest of Indonesian and Filipino students to work in other ASEAN member states. The questionnaires were distributed to 240 third and fourth year students who are currently enrolled at the leading tourism institutes/universities in Indonesia and Philippines. The findings of the study will reveal the fulfillment of the requirements to work in ASEAN member-states, the comparison of existing tourism management curricula of Indonesia and Philippines to the Common ASEAN Curriculum (CATC) and Regional Qualifications Framework and Skills Recognition System (RQFSRS) which supports the policies of the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of the Republic of Indonesia and the Department of Tourism and Department of Labor and Employment of the Republic of the Philippines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASEAN%20economic%20community" title="ASEAN economic community">ASEAN economic community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prospective%20skilled%20and%20educated%20tourism%20labors" title=" prospective skilled and educated tourism labors"> prospective skilled and educated tourism labors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20labor%20movement" title=" tourism labor movement"> tourism labor movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASEAN%20certified-tourism%20professionals" title=" ASEAN certified-tourism professionals "> ASEAN certified-tourism professionals </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13645/asean-economic-community-2015-impacts-and-challenges-toward-tourism-labor-movement-in-indonesia-and-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Group Attachment Based Intervention® Reduces Toddlers' Fearfulness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristin%20Lewis">Kristin Lewis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Howard%20Steele"> Howard Steele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Murphy"> Anne Murphy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miriam%20Steele"> Miriam Steele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Bonuck"> Karen Bonuck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Meissner"> Paul Meissner </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study examines data collected during the randomized control trial (RCT) of the Group Attachment-Based Intervention (GABI©), a trauma-informed, attachment-based intervention aimed at promoting healthy parent-child relationships that support child development. Families received treatment at Treatment Center and were randomly assigned to either the GABI condition or the treatment as usual condition, a parenting class called Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP). Significant improvements in the parent-child relationship have been reported for families participating in GABI, but not in the STEP control group relying on Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB) as applied to 5-minute video-films of mothers and their toddlers in a free play context. This report considers five additional attachment-relevant 'clinical codes' that were also applied to the 5-minute free play sessions. Seventy-two parent-child dyads (38 in GABI and 34 in STEP) were compared to one another at intake and end-of-treatment, on these five-point dimensions: two-parent codes—the dissociation and ignoring; two child codes—simultaneous display of contradictory behavior and fear; and one parent-child code, i.e., role reversal. Overall, scores were low for these clinical codes; thus, a binary measure was computed contrasting no evidence with some evidence of each clinical code. Crosstab analyses indicate that child fear at end-of-treatment was significantly lower among children who participated in GABI (7% or 3 children) as compared to those whose mothers participated in STEP (29% or 10 children) Chi Sq= 6.57 (1), p < .01. Discussion focuses on the potential for GABI to reduce childhood fearfulness and so enhance the child's health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coding%20interactive%20behavior" title="coding interactive behavior">coding interactive behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20codes" title=" clinical codes"> clinical codes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20attachment%20based%20intervention" title=" group attachment based intervention"> group attachment based intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GABI" title=" GABI"> GABI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attachment" title=" attachment"> attachment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear" title=" fear"> fear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128423/group-attachment-based-intervention-reduces-toddlers-fearfulness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Occupational Health Programs for Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining: A Systematic Review for the WHO Global Plan of Action for Workers' Health</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivian%20W.%20L.%20Tsang">Vivian W. L. Tsang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Lockhart"> Karen Lockhart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Spiegel"> Samuel Spiegel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annalee%20Yassi"> Annalee Yassi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Workers in the informal economy often incur exposure to well-documented occupational health hazards. Insufficient attention has been afforded to rigorously evaluating intervention programs to reduce the risks, especially in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM). Objectives: This systematic review, conducted as part of the World Health Organization’s Global Plan of Action for Workers’ Health, sought to assess the state of knowledge on occupational health programs and interventions for the informal artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) sector, an occupation which directly employs at least 50 million people. Methods: We used a comprehensive search strategy for four well-known databases relevant to health outcomes: PubMed, Engineering Village, OVID Medline, and Web of Science, and employed the PRISMA framework for our analysis. Findings: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria of a primary study focused on assessing the impact of interventions addressing occupational health concerns in ASGM. There were no studies evaluating or even identifying comprehensive occupational health and safety programs for this sector, although target interventions addressing specific hazards exist. Major areas of intervention –education and introduction of mercury-reducing/eliminating technology were identified, and the challenges and limitations of each intervention taken into the assessment. Even for these, however, there was a lack of standardization for measuring outcome or impact, let alone long-term health outcomes for miners and mining communities. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for research on comprehensive occupational health programs addressing the array of hazards faced by artisanal and small-scale miners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal%20economy" title="informal economy">informal economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artisanal%20and%20small-scale%20gold%20mining" title=" artisanal and small-scale gold mining"> artisanal and small-scale gold mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20health" title=" occupational health"> occupational health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20and%20safety" title=" health and safety"> health and safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workplace%20safety" title=" workplace safety"> workplace safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113819/occupational-health-programs-for-artisanal-and-small-scale-gold-mining-a-systematic-review-for-the-who-global-plan-of-action-for-workers-health" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Undersea Communications Infrastructure: Risks, Opportunities, and Geopolitical Considerations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lori%20W.%20Gordon">Lori W. Gordon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20A.%20Jones"> Karen A. Jones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today’s high-speed data connectivity depends on a vast global network of infrastructure across space, air, land, and sea, with undersea cable infrastructure (UCI) serving as the primary means for intercontinental and ‘long-haul’ communications. The UCI landscape is changing and includes an increasing variety of state actors, such as the growing economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Non-state commercial actors, such as hyper-scale content providers including Google, Facebook, Microsoft, and Amazon, are also seeking to control their data and networks through significant investments in submarine cables. Active investments by both state and non-state actors will invariably influence the growth, geopolitics, and security of this sector. Beyond these hyper-scale content providers, there are new commercial satellite communication providers. These new players include traditional geosynchronous (GEO) satellites that offer broad coverage, high throughput GEO satellites offering high capacity with spot beam technology, low earth orbit (LEO) ‘mega constellations’ – global broadband services. And potential new entrants such as High Altitude Platforms (HAPS) offer low latency connectivity, LEO constellations offer high-speed optical mesh networks, i.e., ‘fiber in the sky.’ This paper focuses on understanding the role of submarine cables within the larger context of the global data commons, spanning space, terrestrial, air, and sea networks, including an analysis of national security policy and geopolitical implications. As network operators and commercial and government stakeholders plan for emerging technologies and architectures, hedging risks for future connectivity will ensure that our data backbone will be secure for years to come. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communications" title="communications">communications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global" title=" global"> global</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146258/undersea-communications-infrastructure-risks-opportunities-and-geopolitical-considerations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Alcohol Rituals and Active Ageing: A Thematic Analysis of Semi-Structured Interviews with Retirees in the West of Scotland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deborah%20Nicholson">Deborah Nicholson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiona%20McCormack"> Fiona McCormack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pete%20Seaman"> Pete Seaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Bell"> Karen Bell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores alcohol consumption amongst retirees in the West of Scotland in the context of active and healthy ageing discourses. The public health consequences of alcohol use are well documented and of growing concern to policy makers in Scotland and elsewhere. However, alcohol occupies a prominent position in a range of cultural and social practices and has associated meanings for users related to conviviality, leisure, sociability, and inclusion- features closely tied to active and healthy ageing. These perceived positive and negative meanings place alcohol in an ambiguous and contradictory position in relation to the Scottish Government’s key health policy initiatives aimed at healthy ageing and the reduction of alcohol-related ill-health. This paper explores these positive and negative associations through an examination of the meanings which retirees attach to alcohol and the routines and rituals they develop to navigate wider health concerns. Methods: participants were recruited from the West of Scotland area using a quota sampling design based around gender, age, and socioeconomic position. Forty participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule and qualitative techniques. The interviews were transcribed and thematic analysis of the data was conducted. Results: Alcohol use amongst retirees in Scotland was widely varied with marked differences noted in terms of gender and age group, but with less clear variance by socioeconomic position. A range of strategies was employed to limit alcohol use by time, context, location and/or volume and these strategies clearly drew on a perception of alcohol use in retirement as potentially more problematic than at earlier stage of life. Thus, the retirees in the sample used these limiting strategies to navigate the positive and negative meanings they attached to alcohol use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alcohol" title="alcohol">alcohol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retirement" title=" retirement"> retirement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routines" title=" routines"> routines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101621/alcohol-rituals-and-active-ageing-a-thematic-analysis-of-semi-structured-interviews-with-retirees-in-the-west-of-scotland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Shear Surface and Localized Waves in Functionally Graded Piezoactive Electro-Magneto-Elastic Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20B.%20Ghazaryan">Karen B. Ghazaryan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the propagation of coupled electromagnetic and elastic waves in magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) structures attracted much attention due to the wide range of application of these materials in smart structures. MEE materials are a class of new artificial composites that consist of simultaneous piezoelectric and piezomagnetic phases. Magneto-electro-elastic composites are built up by combining piezoelectric and piezomagnetic phases to obtain a smart composite that presents not only the electromechanical and magneto-mechanical coupling but also a strong magnetoelectric coupling, which makes such materials highly valuable in technological usage. In the framework of quasi-static approach shear surface and localized waves are considered in magneto-electro-elastic piezo-active structure consisting of functionally graded 6mm hexagonal symmetry group crystals. Assuming that in a functionally graded material the elastic and electromagnetic properties vary in the same proportion in direction perpendicular to the MEE polling direction, special classes of inhomogeneity functions were found, admitting exact solutions for coupled electromagnetic and elastic wave fields. Based on these exact solutions, defining the coupled shear wave field in magneto-electro-elastic composites several modal problems are considered: shear surface waves propagation along surface of a MEE half-space, interfacial wave propagation in a MEE oppositely polarized bi-layer, Love type waves in a functionally graded MEE layer overlying a homogeneous elastic half-space. For the problems under consideration corresponding dispersion equations are deduced analytically in an explicit form and for the BaTiO₃–CoFe₂O₄ crystal numerical results estimating effects of inhomogeneity and piezo effect are carried out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20shear%20waves" title="surface shear waves">surface shear waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magneto-electro-elastic%20composites" title=" magneto-electro-elastic composites"> magneto-electro-elastic composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoactive%20crystals" title=" piezoactive crystals"> piezoactive crystals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionally%20graded%20elastic%20materials" title=" functionally graded elastic materials"> functionally graded elastic materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77434/shear-surface-and-localized-waves-in-functionally-graded-piezoactive-electro-magneto-elastic-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Grade and Maximum Tumor Dimension as Determinants of Lymphadenectomy in Patients with Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer (EEC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20A.%20Bazzi">Ali A. Bazzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ameer%20Hamza"> Ameer Hamza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riley%20O%E2%80%99Hara"> Riley O’Hara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kimberly%20Kado"> Kimberly Kado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20H.%20Hagglund"> Karen H. Hagglund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamia%20Fathallah"> Lamia Fathallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20T.%20Morris"> Robert T. Morris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Endometrial Cancer is a common gynecologic malignancy primarily treated with complete surgical staging, which may include complete pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. The role of lymphadenectomy is controversial, especially the intraoperative indications for the procedure. Three factors are important in decision to proceed with lymphadenectomy: Myometrial invasion, maximum tumor dimension, and histology. Many institutions incorporate these criteria in varying degrees in the decision to proceed with lymphadenectomy. This investigation assesses the use of intraoperatively measured MTD with and without pre-operative histologic grade. Methods: This study compared retrospectively EEC patients with intraoperatively measured MTD ≤2 cm to those with MTD >2 cm from January 1, 2002 to August 31, 2017. This assessment compared those with MTD ≤ 2cm with endometrial biopsy (EB) grade 1-2 to patients with MTD > 2cm with EB grade 3. Lymph node metastasis (LNM), recurrence, and survival were compared in these groups. Results: This study reviewed 222 patient cases. In tumors > 2 cm, LNM occurred in 20% cases while in tumors ≤ 2 cm, LNM was found in 6% cases (p=0.04). Recurrence and mean survival based on last follow up visit in these two groups were not statistically different (p=0.78 and 0.36 respectively). Data demonstrated a trend that when combined with preoperative EB International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grade, a higher proportion of patients with EB FIGO Grade 3 and MTD > 2 cm had LNM compared to those with EB FIGO Grade 1-2 and MTD ≤ 2 cm (43% vs, 11%, p=0.06). LNM was found in 15% of cases in which lymphadenectomy was performed based on current practices, whereas if the criteria of EB FIGO 3 and MTD > 2 cm were used the incidence of LNM would have been 44% cases. However, using this criterion, two patients would not have had their nodal metastases detected. Compared to the current practice, the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed criteria would be 60% and 81%, respectively. The PPV and NPV would be 43% and 90%, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that MTD combined with EB FIGO grade can detect LNM in a higher proportion of cases when compared to current practice. MTD combined with EB FIGO grade may eliminate the need of frozen section sampling in a substantial number of cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endometrial%20cancer" title="endometrial cancer">endometrial cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FIGO%20grade" title=" FIGO grade"> FIGO grade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lymphadenectomy" title=" lymphadenectomy"> lymphadenectomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20size" title=" tumor size"> tumor size</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92494/grade-and-maximum-tumor-dimension-as-determinants-of-lymphadenectomy-in-patients-with-endometrioid-endometrial-cancer-eec" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Lateralisation of Visual Function in Yellow-Eyed Mullet (Aldrichetta forsteri) and Its Role in Schooling Behaviour</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20L.%20Middlemiss">Karen L. Middlemiss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denham%20G.%20Cook"> Denham G. Cook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Jaksons"> Peter Jaksons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alistair%20Jerrett"> Alistair Jerrett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Davison"> William Davison</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lateralisation of cognitive function is a common phenomenon found throughout the animal kingdom. Strong biases in functional behaviours have evolved from asymmetrical brain hemispheres which differ in structure and/or cognitive function. In fish, lateralisation is involved in visually mediated behaviours such as schooling, predator avoidance, and foraging, and is considered to have a direct impact on species fitness. Currently, there is very little literature on the role of lateralisation in fish schools. The yellow-eyed mullet (Aldrichetta forsteri), is an estuarine and coastal species found commonly throughout temperate regions of Australia and New Zealand. This study sought to quantify visually mediated behaviours in yellow-eyed mullet to identify the significance of lateralisation, and the factors which influence functional behaviours in schooling fish. Our approach to study design was to conduct a series of tank based experiments investigating; a) individual and population level lateralisation, b) schooling behaviour, and d) optic lobe anatomy. Yellow-eyed mullet showed individual variation in direction and strength of lateralisation in juveniles, and trait specific spatial positioning within the school was evidenced in strongly lateralised fish. In combination with observed differences in schooling behaviour, the possibility of ontogenetic plasticity in both behavioural lateralisation and optic lobe morphology in adults is suggested. These findings highlight the need for research into the genetic and environmental factors (epigenetics) which drive functional behaviours such as schooling, feeding and aggression. Improved knowledge on collective behaviour could have significant benefits to captive rearing programmes through improved culture techniques and will add to the limited body of knowledge on the complex ecophysiological interactions present in our inshore fisheries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebral%20asymmetry" title="cerebral asymmetry">cerebral asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fisheries" title=" fisheries"> fisheries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schooling" title=" schooling"> schooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20bias" title=" visual bias"> visual bias</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55826/lateralisation-of-visual-function-in-yellow-eyed-mullet-aldrichetta-forsteri-and-its-role-in-schooling-behaviour" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Voices from Inside and the Power of Art to Transform and Restore</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Miner-Romanoff">Karen Miner-Romanoff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Few art programs for incarcerated juveniles exist; however, evaluation results indicate decreased recidivism and behavior problems. This paper reports on an on-going study of a promising art program for incarcerated adolescents with community exhibits and charitable sale of their work. Voices from Inside, a partnership between Franklin University and the Ohio Department of Youth Services, sponsored three exhibits in 2012, 2013, and 2014. In 2013, youth exhibitor survey results (response rate 47%, 16 of 34) showed that 81% cited as benefits cooperation with others, task completion, and increased self-esteem from public recognition and art sales. Community attendee survey results (response rate 29.5%, 59 of 200) showed positive attitude changes toward juvenile offenders, from 40% to 53%. Qualitative responses were similarly positive. The 2014 youth exhibitor sample was larger (response rate 58%, 29 of 50) and showed that 93% cited positive benefits including increase in self-esteem, decrease in stress, pride or recognition of the ability to reach a goal from completing, exhibiting and selling their art to benefit a charity for at-risk youth. This year, the research was able to conduct ten one-on-one interviews inside of the youth facilities, and qualitative responses were even more positive with one youth explaining, “This art represents my joy, my tears, my pain and my hope.” Community attendee survey results (response rate 50%, 86 of 170) were transformative in that that they indicated significant impression on attitudes toward juvenile offenders and their rehabilitative needs with one attendee stating that the event had an, “Immense impact for me bringing into focus the humanity and value these youth still have for us and society.” Future research indicates a need for a correlation study to determine the extent to which these art programs reduce behavioral incidents inside of the facility and long-term reduction in reoffending rates. Generally, further study of juvenile offenders’ art for rehabilitation and restorative justice, the power of art to transform, and university-community partnerships implementing art programs for juvenile offenders should continue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=art" title="art">art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=juvenile" title=" juvenile"> juvenile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incarcerated" title=" incarcerated"> incarcerated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restorative%20justice" title=" restorative justice "> restorative justice </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25672/voices-from-inside-and-the-power-of-art-to-transform-and-restore" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Integrating a Universal Forensic DNA Database: Anticipated Deterrent Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Fang">Karen Fang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Investigative genetic genealogy has attracted much interest in both the field of ethics and the public eye due to its global application in criminal cases. Arguments have been made regarding privacy and informed consent, especially with law enforcement using consumer genetic testing results to convict individuals. In the case of public interest, DNA databases have the strong potential to significantly reduce crime, which in turn leads to safer communities and better futures. With the advancement of genetic technologies, the integration of a universal forensic DNA database in violent crimes, crimes against children, and missing person cases is expected to deter crime while protecting one’s privacy. Rather than collecting whole genomes from the whole population, STR profiles can be used to identify unrelated individuals without compromising personal information such as physical appearance, disease risk, and geographical origin, and additionally, reduce cost and storage space. STR DNA profiling is already used in the forensic science field and going a step further benefits several areas, including the reduction in recidivism, improved criminal court case turnaround time, and just punishment. Furthermore, adding individuals to the database as early as possible prevents young offenders and first-time offenders from participating in criminal activity. It is important to highlight that DNA databases should be inclusive and tightly governed, and the misconception on the use of DNA based on crime television series and other media sources should be addressed. Nonetheless, deterrent effects have been observed in countries like the US and Denmark with DNA databases that consist of serious violent offenders. Fewer crimes were reported, and fewer people were convicted of those crimes- a favorable outcome, not even the death penalty could provide. Currently, there is no better alternative than a universal forensic DNA database made up of STR profiles. It can open doors for investigative genetic genealogy and fostering better communities. Expanding the appropriate use of DNA databases is ethically acceptable and positively impacts the public. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethics" title="bioethics">bioethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deterrent%20effects" title=" deterrent effects"> deterrent effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20database" title=" DNA database"> DNA database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investigative%20genetic%20genealogy" title=" investigative genetic genealogy"> investigative genetic genealogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privacy" title=" privacy"> privacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20interest" title=" public interest"> public interest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143388/integrating-a-universal-forensic-dna-database-anticipated-deterrent-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Embracing Transculturality by Internationalising the EFL Classroom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Jacob">Karen Jacob</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last decades, there has been a rise in the use of CLIL (content and language integrated learning) methodology as a way of reinforcing FL (foreign language) acquisition. CLIL techniques have also been transferred to the formal instruction-based FL classroom where through content-based lessons and project work it can very often say that teachers are ‘clilling’ in the FL classroom. When it comes to motivating students to acquire an FL, we have to take into account that English is not your run-of-the-mill FL: English is an international language (EIL). Consequently, this means that EFL students should be able to use English as an international medium of communication. This leads to the assumption that along with FL competence, speakers of EIL will need to become competent international citizens with knowledge of other societies, both contextually and geographically, and be flexible, open-minded, respectful and sensitive towards other world groups. Rather than ‘intercultural’ competence we should be referring to ‘transcultural’ competence. This paper reports the implementation of a content- and task-based approach to EFL teaching which was applied to two groups of 15 year-olds from two schools on the Spanish island of Mallorca during the school year 2015-2016. Students worked on three units of work that aimed at ‘internationalising’ the classroom by introducing topics that would encourage them to become transculturally aware of the world in which they live. In this paper we discuss the feedback given by the teachers and students on various aspects of the approach in order to answer the following research questions: 1) To what extent were the students motivated by the content and activities of the classes?; 2) Did this motivation have a positive effect on the students’ overall results for the subject; 3) Did the participants show any signs of becoming transculturally aware. Preliminary results from qualitative data show that the students enjoyed the move away from the more traditional EFL content and, as a result, they became more competent in speaking and writing. Students also appeared to become more knowledgeable and respectful towards the ‘other’. The EFL approach described in this paper takes a more qualitative approach to research by describing what is really going on in the EFL classroom and makes a conscious effort to provide real examples of not only the acquisition of linguistic competence but also the acquisition of other important communication skills that are of utmost importance in today's international arena. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CLIL" title="CLIL">CLIL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content-%20and%20task-based%20learning" title=" content- and task-based learning"> content- and task-based learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internationalisation" title=" internationalisation"> internationalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcultural%20competence" title=" transcultural competence"> transcultural competence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58592/embracing-transculturality-by-internationalising-the-efl-classroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Human Pressure Threaten Swayne’s Hartebeest to Point of Local Extinction from the Savannah Plains of Nech Sar National Park, South Rift Valley, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Shibru">Simon Shibru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Vancampenhout"> Karen Vancampenhout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jozef%20Deckers"> Jozef Deckers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herwig%20Leirs"> Herwig Leirs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We investigated the population size of the endemic and endangered Swayne’s Hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei) in Nech Sar National Park from 2012 to 2014 and document the major threats why the species is on the verge of local extinction. The park was once known for its abundant density of Swayne’s Hartebeest. We used direct total count methods for a census. We administered semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaires with senior scouts who are the member of the local communities. Historical records were obtained to evaluate the population trends of the animals since 1974. The density of the animal decreased from 65 in 1974 to 1 individual per 100 km2 in 2014 with a decline of 98.5% in the past 40 years. The respondents agreed that the conservation status of the park was in its worst condition ever now with only 2 Swayne’s Hartebeest left, with a rapid decline from 4 individuals in 2012 and 12 individuals in 2009. Mainly hunting and habitat loss, but also the unsuitable season of reproduction and shortage of forage as minor factors were identified as threats for a local extinction of the Swayne’s Hartebeests. On the other hand, predation, fire, disease, and ticks were not considered a cause for the declining trend. Hunting happens mostly out of some kind of revenge since the local community thought that they were pushed out from the land because of the presence of Swayne's Hartebeest in the area. Respondents agreed that the revenge action of the local communities was in response to their unwillingness to be displaced from the park in 1982/3. This conflict situation is resulting from the exclusionary wildlife management policy of the country. We conclude that the human interventions in general and illegal hunting, in particular, pushed the Swayne’s Hartebeest to a point of local extinction. Therefore, we recommend inclusive wildlife management approach for continuing existence of the park together with its natural resources so that sustainable use of the resources is in place. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hunting" title="hunting">hunting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=habitat%20destruction" title=" habitat destruction"> habitat destruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20extinction" title=" local extinction"> local extinction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nech%20Sar%20National%20Park" title=" Nech Sar National Park"> Nech Sar National Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swayne%E2%80%99s%20Hartebeest" title=" Swayne’s Hartebeest"> Swayne’s Hartebeest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28244/human-pressure-threaten-swaynes-hartebeest-to-point-of-local-extinction-from-the-savannah-plains-of-nech-sar-national-park-south-rift-valley-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Providing Support for Minority LGBTQ Students: Developing a Queer Studies Course</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Butler">Karen Butler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The LGBTQ youth of color face stigma related to both race and gender identity. Effectively dealing with racial/ethnic discrimination requires strong connections to family and one’s racial/ethnic group. However, LGBTQ youth of color seldom receive support from family, peer groups or church groups. Moreover, ethnic communities often perceive LGBTQ identities as a rejection of ethnic heritage. Thus, stigma places these young people at greater risk for substance use, violence, risky sexual behaviors, suicide, and homelessness. Offering a Queer Studies (QS) class is one way to facilitate a safer and more inclusive environment for LGBTQ students, faculty and staff. The discipline of Queer Studies encompasses theories and thinkers from numerous fields: cultural studies, gay and lesbian studies, race studies, women's studies, media, postmodernism, post-colonialism, psychoanalysis and more. We began our course development by researching existing programs and classes. Several course syllabi were examined and course materials such as readings, videos, and guest speakers were assessed for possible inclusion. We also employed informal survey methods with students and faculty in order to gauge interest in the course. We then developed a sample course syllabus and began the process of new course approval. Feedback thus far indicates that students of various sexual orientations and gender identities are interested in the course and understand the need to offer it; faculty in Psychology, Social Work, and Interdisciplinary Studies are interested in cross-listing the course; library staff is willing to assist with course material acquisition, and the administration is supportive. The purpose of this session is to 1) explore the various health and wellness issues facing LGBTQ students of color and 2) share our experience of developing a QS course in health education in order to address these needs. This process, from initial recognition of the need to a course offering, will be described and discussed in the hopes that participants will increase their awareness of the issues. A QS course would be an appropriate requirement for any number of majors as well as an elective for any major. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20colleges" title="black colleges">black colleges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20education" title=" health education"> health education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LGBTQ" title=" LGBTQ"> LGBTQ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=queer%20studies" title=" queer studies"> queer studies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89009/providing-support-for-minority-lgbtq-students-developing-a-queer-studies-course" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Gamification Teacher Professional Development: Engaging Language Learners in STEMS through Game-Based Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Guerrero">Karen Guerrero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kindergarten-12th grade teachers engaged in teacher professional development (PD) on game-based learning techniques and strategies to support teaching STEMSS (STEM + Social Studies with an emphasis on geography across the curriculum) to language learners. Ten effective strategies have supported teaching content and language in tandem. To provide exiting teacher PD on summer and spring breaks, gamification has integrated these strategies to engage linguistically diverse student populations to provide informal language practice while students engage in the content. Teachers brought a STEMSS lesson to the PD, engaged in a wide variety of games (dice, cards, board, physical, digital, etc.), critiqued the games based on gaming elements, then developed, brainstormed, presented, piloted, and published their game-based STEMSS lessons to share with their colleagues. Pre and post-surveys and focus groups were conducted to demonstrate an increase in knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy in using gamification to teach content in the classroom. Provide an engaging strategy (gamification) to support teaching content and language to linguistically diverse students in the K-12 classroom. Game-based learning supports informal language practice while developing academic vocabulary utilized in the game elements/content focus, building both content knowledge through play and language development through practice. The study also investigated teacher's increase in knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy in using games to teach language learners. Mixed methods were used to investigate knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy prior to and after the gamification teacher training (pre/post) and to understand the content and application of developing and utilizing game-based learning to teach. This study will contribute to the body of knowledge in applying game-based learning theories to the K-12 classroom to support English learners in developing English skills and STEMSS content knowledge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamification" title="gamification">gamification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20professional%20development" title=" teacher professional development"> teacher professional development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STEM" title=" STEM"> STEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20learners" title=" English learners"> English learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game-based%20learning" title=" game-based learning"> game-based learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167143/gamification-teacher-professional-development-engaging-language-learners-in-stems-through-game-based-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Using MALDI-TOF MS to Detect Environmental Microplastics (Polyethylene, Polyethylene Terephthalate, and Polystyrene) within a Simulated Tissue Sample</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kara%20J.%20Coffman-Rea">Kara J. Coffman-Rea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20E.%20Samonds"> Karen E. Samonds</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microplastic pollution is an urgent global threat to our planet and human health. Microplastic particles have been detected within our food, water, and atmosphere, and found within the human stool, placenta, and lung tissue. However, most spectrometric microplastic detection methods require chemical digestion which can alter or destroy microplastic particles and makes it impossible to acquire information about their in-situ distribution. MALDI TOF MS (Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) is an analytical method using a soft ionization technique that can be used for polymer analysis. This method provides a valuable opportunity to both acquire information regarding the in-situ distribution of microplastics and also minimizes the destructive element of chemical digestion. In addition, MALDI TOF MS allows for expanded analysis of the microplastics including detection of specific additives that may be present within them. MALDI TOF MS is particularly sensitive to sample preparation and has not yet been used to analyze environmental microplastics within their specific location (e.g., biological tissues, sediment, water). In this study, microplastics were created using polyethylene gloves, polystyrene micro-foam, and polyethylene terephthalate cable sleeving. Plastics were frozen using liquid nitrogen and ground to obtain small fragments. An artificial tissue was created using a cellulose sponge as scaffolding coated with a MaxGel Extracellular Matrix to simulate human lung tissue. Optimal preparation techniques (e.g., matrix, cationization reagent, solvent, mixing ratio, laser intensity) were first established for each specific polymer type. The artificial tissue sample was subsequently spiked with microplastics, and specific polymers were detected using MALDI-TOF-MS. This study presents a novel method for the detection of environmental polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polystyrene microplastics within a complex sample. Results of this study provide an effective method that can be used in future microplastics research and can aid in determining the potential threats to environmental and human health that they pose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20plastic%20pollution" title="environmental plastic pollution">environmental plastic pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MALDI-TOF%20MS" title=" MALDI-TOF MS"> MALDI-TOF MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microplastics" title=" microplastics"> microplastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20identification" title=" polymer identification"> polymer identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141577/using-maldi-tof-ms-to-detect-environmental-microplastics-polyethylene-polyethylene-terephthalate-and-polystyrene-within-a-simulated-tissue-sample" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Early Outcomes and Lessons from the Implementation of a Geriatric Hip Fracture Protocol at a Level 1 Trauma Center</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Park">Peter Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfonso%20Ayala"> Alfonso Ayala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Douglas%20Saeks"> Douglas Saeks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordan%20Miller"> Jordan Miller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carmen%20Flores"> Carmen Flores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Nelson"> Karen Nelson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction Hip fractures account for more than 300,000 hospital admissions every year. Many present as fragility fractures in geriatric patients with multiple medical comorbidities. Standardized protocols for the multidisciplinary management of this patient population have been shown to improve patient outcomes. A hip fracture protocol was implemented at a Level I Trauma center with a focus on pre-operative medical optimization and early surgical care. This study evaluates the efficacy of that protocol, including the early transition period. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all patients ages 60 and older with isolated hip fractures who were managed surgically between 2020 and 2022. This included patients 1 year prior and 1 year following the implementation of a hip fracture protocol at a Level I Trauma center. Results 530 patients were identified: 249 patients were treated before, and 281 patients were treated after the protocol was instituted. There was no difference in mean age (p=0.35), gender (p=0.3), or Charlson Comorbidity Index (p=0.38) between the cohorts. Following the implementation of the protocol, there were observed increases in time to surgery (27.5h vs. 33.8h, p=0.01), hospital length of stay (6.3d vs. 9.7d, p<0.001), and ED LOS (5.1h vs. 6.2h, p<0.001). There were no differences in in-hospital mortality (2.01% pre vs. 3.20% post, p=0.39) and complication rates (25% pre vs 26% post, p=0.76). A trend towards improved outcomes was seen after the early transition period but failed to yield statistical significance. Conclusion Early medical management and surgical intervention are key determining factors affecting outcomes following fragility hip fractures. The implementation of a hip fracture protocol at this institution has not yet significantly affected these parameters. This could in part be due to the restrictions placed at this institution during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, the time to OR pre-and post-implementation was quicker than figures reported elsewhere in literature. Further longitudinal data will be collected to determine the final influence of this protocol. Significance/Clinical Relevance Given the increasing number of elderly people and the high morbidity and mortality associated with hip fractures in this population finding cost effective ways to improve outcomes in the management of these injuries has the potential to have enormous positive impact for both patients and hospital systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hip%20fracture" title="hip fracture">hip fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geriatric" title=" geriatric"> geriatric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment%20algorithm" title=" treatment algorithm"> treatment algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preoperative%20optimization" title=" preoperative optimization"> preoperative optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171482/early-outcomes-and-lessons-from-the-implementation-of-a-geriatric-hip-fracture-protocol-at-a-level-1-trauma-center" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> The Relationship between the Content of Inner Human Experience and Well-Being: An Experience Sampling Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinqi%20Guo">Xinqi Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20R.%20Dobkins"> Karen R. Dobkins</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Objectives: Humans are probably the only animals whose minds are constantly filled with thoughts, feelings and emotions. Previous studies have investigated human minds from different dimensions, including its proportion of time for not being present, its representative format, its personal relevance, its temporal locus, and affect valence. The current study aims at characterizing human mind by employing Experience Sampling Methods (ESM), a self-report research procedure for studying daily experience. This study emphasis on answering the following questions: 1) How does the contents of the inner experience vary across demographics, 2) Are certain types of inner experiences correlated with level of mindfulness and mental well-being (e.g., are people who spend more time being present happier, and are more mindful people more at-present?), 3) Will being prompted to report one’s inner experience increase mindfulness and mental well-being? Methods: Participants were recruited from the subject pool of UC San Diego or from the social media. They began by filling out two questionnaires: 1) Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form, and 2) Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, and demographic information. Then they participated in the ESM part by responding to the prompts which contained questions about their real-time inner experience: if they were 'at-present', 'mind-wandering', or 'zoned-out'. The temporal locus, the clarity, and the affect valence, and the personal importance of the thought they had the moment before the prompt were also assessed. A mobile app 'RealLife Exp' randomly delivered these prompts 3 times/day for 6 days during wake-time. After the 6 days, participants completed questionnaire (1) and (2) again. Their changes of score were compared to a control group who did not participate in the ESM procedure (yet completed (1) and (2) one week apart). Results: Results are currently preliminary as we continue to collect data. So far, there is a trend that participants are present, mind-wandering and zoned-out, about 53%, 23% and 24% during wake-time, respectively. The thoughts of participants are ranked to be clearer and more neutral if they are present vs. mind-wandering. Mind-wandering thoughts are 66% about the past, consisting 80% of inner speech. Discussion and Conclusion: This study investigated the subjective account of human mind by a tool with high ecological validity. And it broadens the understanding of the relationship between contents of mind and well-being. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experience%20sampling%20method" title="experience sampling method">experience sampling method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-memory" title=" meta-memory"> meta-memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mindfulness" title=" mindfulness"> mindfulness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mind-wandering" title=" mind-wandering"> mind-wandering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88801/the-relationship-between-the-content-of-inner-human-experience-and-well-being-an-experience-sampling-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88801.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info 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