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Fluks – Wikipedia
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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Fluks" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Fluks" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Eksempel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksempel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Eksempel</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eksempel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Eksempel</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eksempel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elektrisk_felt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektrisk_felt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Elektrisk felt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektrisk_felt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magnetisk_felt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magnetisk_felt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Magnetisk felt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magnetisk_felt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andre_flukser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andre_flukser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Andre flukser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andre_flukser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fluks</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 42 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluks" title="Fluks – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fluks" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux" title="Flux – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Flux" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B6de" title="Flöde – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Flöde" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluks" title="Fluks – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fluks" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%82_(%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="تدفق (رياضيات وفيزياء) – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تدفق (رياضيات وفيزياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="ফ্লাক্স – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্লাক্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%B9%C4%83%D0%BD_%D1%8E%D1%85%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Векторла уйăн юхăмĕ – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Векторла уйăн юхăмĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluss_(Physik)" title="Fluss (Physik) – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fluss (Physik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voog" title="Voog – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Voog" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%AE" title="Ροή – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ροή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux" title="Flux – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Flux" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flujo" title="Flujo – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Flujo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluo" title="Fluo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fluo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="شار – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux_(physique)" title="Flux (physique) – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Flux (physique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flosc_(fisic)" title="Flosc (fisic) – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Flosc (fisic)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluxo_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Fluxo (física) – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fluxo (física)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%A0%EC%86%8D" title="선속 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="선속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%BD%D6%84" title="Վեկտորական դաշտի հոսք – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վեկտորական դաշտի հոսք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9" title="अभिवाह – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अभिवाह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_polja" title="Tok polja – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tok polja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluks" title="Fluks – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fluks" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flusso" title="Flusso – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Flusso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%A3" title="שטף – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שטף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fluxus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9_(%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80)" title="प्रवाह (भौतिकी) – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रवाह (भौतिकी)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux_(wis-_en_natuurkunde)" title="Flux (wis- en natuurkunde) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Flux (wis- en natuurkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%9D%9F" title="流束 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="流束" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumie%C5%84_pola" title="Strumień pola – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Strumień pola" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluxo_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Fluxo (física) – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fluxo (física)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux" title="Flux – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Flux" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Поток векторного поля – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поток векторного поля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluksi" title="Fluksi – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fluksi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux" title="Flux – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Flux" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_polja" title="Tok polja – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Tok polja" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_polja" title="Tok polja – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tok polja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4hk%C3%B6vuo" title="Sähkövuo – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sähkövuo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak%C4%B1" title="Akı – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Akı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Потік векторного поля – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Потік векторного поля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سیلان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیلان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B4ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng" title="Thông lượng – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thông lượng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E9%87%8F" title="通量 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="通量" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6485344#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fluks" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fluks"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluks&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluks&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluks&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Omdirigert fra «<a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetisk_fluks&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetisk fluks">Magnetisk fluks</a>»)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flux_density.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flux_density.svg/280px-Flux_density.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flux_density.svg/420px-Flux_density.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flux_density.svg/560px-Flux_density.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Fluks av et <a href="/wiki/Vektorfelt" title="Vektorfelt">vektorfelt</a> <b>F</b> gjennom flaten <i>d</i><b>A</b>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fluks</b> (fra <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> <i>flux</i>: flyt, strømning) er et mål for transport av en størrelse gjennom en tenkt eller virkelig <a href="/wiki/Flate" title="Flate">flate</a>. Begrepet brukes i <a href="/wiki/Fysikk" title="Fysikk">fysikk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Anvendt_matematikk" title="Anvendt matematikk">anvendt matematikk</a>. Da benyttes ofte den <a href="/wiki/Gresk_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gresk alfabet">greske bokstaven</a> Φ for fluks som er en <a href="/wiki/Skalar" title="Skalar">skalar</a> størrelse. </p><p>I dagligtale kan man også høre at fluks blir benyttet til å angi hvor mange biler som passerer en bomstasjon i timen, hvor mange mennesker som hvert minutt går inn i en bygning og for andre, lignende situasjoner. </p><p>En strømning er karakterisert ved en viss størrelse og en bestemt retning i hvert punkt og beskrives derfor ved et <a href="/wiki/Vektorfelt" title="Vektorfelt">vektorfelt</a>. Kalles dette <b>F</b>, er fluksen gjennom en liten flate med areal <i>dS</i> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d\Phi =\mathbf {F} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">S</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d\Phi =\mathbf {F} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4710adfbd71d40fe567c536cde8a889d18b4562b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:12.055ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d\Phi =\mathbf {F} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>når man innfører flatevektoren <i>d</i> <b>S</b> = <i>dS</i> <b>n</b> hvor <a href="/wiki/Vektor_(matematikk)" title="Vektor (matematikk)">enhetsvektoren</a> <b>n</b> står <a href="/wiki/Vinkelrett" title="Vinkelrett">vinkelrett</a> på flateelementet <i>dS</i>. Er dette en del av en større <a href="/wiki/Flate" title="Flate">flate</a>, kan fluksen gjennom hele flaten finnes ved <a href="/wiki/Integral_(matematikk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Integral (matematikk)">integrasjon</a>. Når vektorfeltet er konstant, blir fluksen gjennom en flate med areal <b>S</b> derfor Φ = <b>F</b>⋅<b>S</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-HLL_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det er naturlig å kalle vektoren <b>F</b> for <b>fluksvektoren</b>. Størrelsen til denne blir noen ganger upresist omtalt som en fluks. </p><p>Begrepet fluks opptrådde først i <a href="/wiki/Fluiddynamikk" title="Fluiddynamikk">fluiddynamikk</a> for å beskrive transport av en viss mengde væske eller dens <a href="/wiki/Bevegelsesmengde" title="Bevegelsesmengde">bevegelsesmengde</a>. Herfra følger bildet av væskepartikler som flyter langs strømlinjer. Antall slike strømlinjer som passerer en gitt flate, er da et uttrykk for fluksen til væskestrømningen. </p><p>Dette bildet fra fluidmekanikken ble benyttet av <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> og <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Maxwell</a> til å beskrive <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisk_felt" title="Elektromagnetisk felt">elektromagnetiske felt</a> ved deres <a href="/wiki/Feltlinje" title="Feltlinje">feltlinjer</a>. Da disse tilsvarer strømlinjene til en væske, kunne fluksbegrepet på en naturlig måte innføres i <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">elektromagnetismen</a> og har der en sentral betydning. </p><p>Magnetisk fluks måles i <a href="/wiki/Weber" title="Weber">weber</a> (Wb), mens magnetisk flukstetthet måles i <a href="/wiki/Tesla" title="Tesla">tesla</a> (T).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksempel">Eksempel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluks&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksempel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluks&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksempel"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Massestrømmen av en <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A6ske" title="Væske">væske</a> med <a href="/wiki/Tetthet" title="Tetthet">tetthet</a> <i>ρ</i> og <a href="/wiki/Kontinuitetsligning#Hastighetsfelt" title="Kontinuitetsligning">hastighet</a> <b>v</b> er gitt ved <a href="/wiki/Vektorfelt" title="Vektorfelt">vektorfeltet</a> <span class="nowrap"><b>J</b> = <i>ρ</i> <b>v</b></span>. Er <span class="nowrap"><i>d</i> <b>S</b> = <i>dS</i> <b>n</b> </span> et lite flateelement med retning <b>n</b> som danner vinkelen <i>θ</i> med <b>J</b>, er det bare komponenten <span class="nowrap"><i>J</i> cos<i>θ</i></span> av denne som står <a href="/wiki/Vinkelrett" title="Vinkelrett">vinkelrett</a> på flateelementet, som vil strømme gjennom dette. Det tilsvarer fluksen <span class="nowrap"><i>d</i> Φ = <i>J</i> cos<i>θdS</i> = <b>J</b>⋅<i>d</i> <b>S</b> </span> når man innfører <a href="/wiki/Skalarprodukt" class="mw-redirect" title="Skalarprodukt">skalarproduktet</a> mellom to vektorer.<sup id="cite_ref-Falkovich_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falkovich-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flux_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flux_diagram.png/240px-Flux_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flux_diagram.png/360px-Flux_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Flux_diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>Slik kan fluks visualiseres. De røde pilene står for <a href="/wiki/Vektorfelt" title="Vektorfelt">vektorfeltet</a> som beskriver strømningen. Antallet piler som passerer gjennom en ring, er fluksen gjennom flaten som ringen omslutter.</figcaption></figure> <p>Når dette flateelementet er en liten del av en større flate, er den totale fluksen gjennom flaten gitt ved <a href="/wiki/Integral_(matematikk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Integral (matematikk)">integralet</a> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi =\int _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">J</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">S</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi =\int _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5524bc1ccbdeedde0626f6921900ad89b3380582" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:13.51ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi =\int _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Størrelsen til fluksen sier i dette tilfellet hvor mye masse per tidsenhet som strømmer gjennom flaten. Det kommer også frem fra dens <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5leenhet" title="Måleenhet">måleenhet</a> i <a href="/wiki/SI-systemet" title="SI-systemet">SI-systemet</a> som blir </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [\Phi ]={{\text{kg}} \over {\text{m}}^{3}}\cdot {{\text{m}} \over {\text{s}}}\cdot {\text{m}}^{2}={{\text{kg}} \over {\text{s}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>kg</mtext> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>m</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>m</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>s</mtext> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>m</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>kg</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>s</mtext> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [\Phi ]={{\text{kg}} \over {\text{m}}^{3}}\cdot {{\text{m}} \over {\text{s}}}\cdot {\text{m}}^{2}={{\text{kg}} \over {\text{s}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0716d56fc9d50eca2c46bbdfb48df49c15025502" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:25.341ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [\Phi ]={{\text{kg}} \over {\text{m}}^{3}}\cdot {{\text{m}} \over {\text{s}}}\cdot {\text{m}}^{2}={{\text{kg}} \over {\text{s}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Under stasjonære forhold vil like mye masse strømme inn gjennom lukket flate som ut av denne, noe som matematisk tilsvarer at </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi =0=\oint _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∮<!-- ∮ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">J</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">S</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi =0=\oint _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d88ec7ebc64d1bf1267efafa9ee74c9e3ff36d65" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:17.77ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi =0=\oint _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Man tenker seg da en fast flate som delvis består av en fysisk flate som holder væsken på plass pluss tenkte deler som væsken gjennomstrømmer som sies å være åpne. Den totale fluksen gjennom hele flaten er null og er et uttrykk for <a href="/wiki/Kontinuitetsligning" title="Kontinuitetsligning">kontinuitetsligningen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hydrodynamikk" title="Hydrodynamikk">hydrodynamikk</a>. Hvis flaten inneholder to åpne deler <i>S</i><sub>1</sub> og <i>S</i><sub>2</sub> hvor strømmen har verdiene <b>J</b><sub>1</sub> og <b>J</b><sub>2</sub>, har man derfor </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{1}\mathbf {v} _{1}\cdot \mathbf {S} _{1}+\rho _{2}\mathbf {v} _{2}\cdot \mathbf {S} _{2}=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">v</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">S</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">v</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">S</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{1}\mathbf {v} _{1}\cdot \mathbf {S} _{1}+\rho _{2}\mathbf {v} _{2}\cdot \mathbf {S} _{2}=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/504ccc4aded65412c6be92bc5beba2462c619c14" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:24.981ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{1}\mathbf {v} _{1}\cdot \mathbf {S} _{1}+\rho _{2}\mathbf {v} _{2}\cdot \mathbf {S} _{2}=0}"></span></dd></dl> <p>I det enkleste tilfelle hvor de to delflatene står vinkelrett på hastighetsfeltet <b>v</b> og dette er konstant over flatene, forenkles denne massebevarelsen til betingelsen <i>ρ</i><sub>1</sub><i>v</i><sub>1</sub><i>S</i><sub>1</sub> = <i>ρ</i><sub>2</sub><i>v</i><sub>2</sub><i>S</i><sub>2</sub>. Dette er det enkleste uttrykk for at fluksen inn i volumet er lik fluksen ut av det under stasjonære forhold. Vanligvis er tettheten <i>ρ</i> konstant, noe som betyr at strømningshastigheten er størst gjennom den flaten som er minst. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elektrisk_felt">Elektrisk felt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluks&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Elektrisk felt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluks&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Elektrisk felt"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Et <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_felt" title="Elektrisk felt">elektrisk felt</a> <b>E</b> skapes av <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_ladning" title="Elektrisk ladning">elektriske ladninger</a>. Det kan også beskrives ved <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_felt#Elektrisk_polarisasjon" title="Elektrisk felt">forskyvningsfeltet</a> <b>D</b> = <i>ε</i> <b>E</b> hvor <i>ε</i> er <a href="/wiki/Permittivitet" title="Permittivitet">permittiviteten</a> til materialet feltene befinner seg i. Begge disse vektorfeltene kan benyttes til å definere en <b>elektrisk fluks</b>. Benytter man <b>D</b>-feltet og betrakter en flate <i>S</i> i dette feltet, er denne definert ved integralet </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi _{D}=\int _{S}\mathbf {D} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">D</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">S</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi _{D}=\int _{S}\mathbf {D} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/89fc6b4e18a94af3755347f6ab29b753324c476f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:15.771ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi _{D}=\int _{S}\mathbf {D} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }"></span></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Surface_normal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Surface_normal.png/300px-Surface_normal.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Surface_normal.png/450px-Surface_normal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Surface_normal.png 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="241" /></a><figcaption>Fluksen gjennom den grønne flaten er gitt ved størrelsen av fluksvektoren langs <a href="/wiki/Flate#Normalvektor" title="Flate">flatenormalene</a> <b>n</b> som her er angitt ved piler.</figcaption></figure> <p>I <a href="/wiki/SI-systemet" title="SI-systemet">SI-systemet</a> måles forskyvningsfeltet <b>D</b> i enheter av <a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">C</a>/m<sup>2</sup>, slik at den elektriske fluksen har samme <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5leenhet" title="Måleenhet">måleenhet</a> som elektrisk ladning, <span class="nowrap">1C = 1A⋅s</span>. Dette kommer tydelig frem ved å betrakte en lukket flate. <a href="/wiki/Gauss%27_lov" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauss' lov">Gauss' lov</a> sier da at fluksen gjennom en slik flate er den totale ladningen <i>Q</i> innenfor flaten. Det tilsvarer sammenhengen </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi _{D}=\oint _{S}\mathbf {D} \cdot d\mathbf {S} =Q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∮<!-- ∮ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">D</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">S</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>Q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi _{D}=\oint _{S}\mathbf {D} \cdot d\mathbf {S} =Q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bc4ca9288683d870a3014300b039d291cbe456b6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:20.708ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi _{D}=\oint _{S}\mathbf {D} \cdot d\mathbf {S} =Q}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Ved bruk av <a href="/wiki/Divergensteoremet" class="mw-redirect" title="Divergensteoremet">divergensteoremet</a> kan dette skrives som </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {D} \cdot d\mathbf {S} =\int \!d^{3}x{\boldsymbol {\nabla }}\cdot \mathbf {D} =Q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mo>∮<!-- ∮ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">D</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">S</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <msup> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">∇<!-- ∇ --></mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">D</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>Q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {D} \cdot d\mathbf {S} =\int \!d^{3}x{\boldsymbol {\nabla }}\cdot \mathbf {D} =Q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ecd132cfbc4c63f242aafbb9f9526b6bbb14bd77" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:29.188ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oint _{S}\mathbf {D} \cdot d\mathbf {S} =\int \!d^{3}x{\boldsymbol {\nabla }}\cdot \mathbf {D} =Q}"></span></dd></dl> <p>I denne sammenhengen omtales den lukkete flaten vanligvis som en <b>Gauss-flate</b> som i mange sammenhenger gjør det mulig å benytte den elektriske fluksen til å løse praktiske problem innen <a href="/wiki/Elektrostatikk" title="Elektrostatikk">elektrostatikken</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HLL_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Da totalladningen <i>Q</i> også kan skrives som et integral over det samme volumet innesluttet av <i>S</i> med ladningstetthet <i>ρ</i> må man ha den fundamentale sammenhengen </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\nabla }}\cdot \mathbf {D} =\rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">∇<!-- ∇ --></mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">D</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\nabla }}\cdot \mathbf {D} =\rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/73967793069f1f02f3f6f18078ddea3fdcb32f07" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.255ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\nabla }}\cdot \mathbf {D} =\rho }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Dette er <a href="/wiki/Gauss%27_lov" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauss' lov">Gauss' lov</a> på differensiell form og omtales også som <a href="/wiki/Maxwells_ligninger" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxwells ligninger">Maxwells første ligning</a>. Den er gyldig også når det elektriske feltet varierer med tiden, men den tilsvarende fluksen har ikke da samme anvendbarhet.<sup id="cite_ref-Griffiths_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffiths-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnetisk_felt">Magnetisk felt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluks&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Magnetisk felt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluks&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Magnetisk felt"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Magnetic_flux.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Magnetic_flux.png" decoding="async" width="167" height="203" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption>Fluksen gjennom flaten er et mål for antall <a href="/wiki/Feltlinje" title="Feltlinje">feltlinjer</a> som går gjennom den.</figcaption></figure> <p>Magnetisk fluks er gitt ved det <a href="/wiki/Magnetfelt" title="Magnetfelt">magnetiske feltet</a> <b>B</b>. For en flate <i>S</i> er den definert som </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi _{B}=\int _{S}\mathbf {B} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">S</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi _{B}=\int _{S}\mathbf {B} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d9e9f8b8266e6e36c37b4dc359b146e9fcaa41b0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:15.509ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi _{B}=\int _{S}\mathbf {B} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>slik at <b>B</b> også ofte kalles for <b>det magnetiske fluksfeltet</b>. Mens dette feltet måles i enheter av <a href="/wiki/Tesla" title="Tesla">Tesla</a> (T), er enheten for den tilsvarende fluksen <a href="/wiki/Weber" title="Weber">Weber</a> (Wb) slik at 1 T = 1 Wb/m<sup>2</sup>. </p><p>Uttrykkes dette ved <a href="/wiki/Magnetfelt#Vektorpotensialet" title="Magnetfelt">vektorpotensialet</a> som <b>B</b> = <b>∇</b> × <b>A</b>, kan man ved hjelp av <a href="/wiki/Stokes%27_teorem" class="mw-redirect" title="Stokes' teorem">Stokes' teorem</a> alternativt skrive fluksen som </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi _{B}=\oint _{C}\mathbf {A} \cdot d\mathbf {s} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∮<!-- ∮ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">s</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi _{B}=\oint _{C}\mathbf {A} \cdot d\mathbf {s} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87e8eac99d908464ecb80f349b97ca0d237ef967" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:15.387ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi _{B}=\oint _{C}\mathbf {A} \cdot d\mathbf {s} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>hvor <i>C</i> = ∂<i>S</i> er randen til flaten <i>S</i> og <i>d</i><b>s</b> er et differensielt linjeelement langs denne <a href="/wiki/Kurve" title="Kurve">kurven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Griffiths_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffiths-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I motsetning til den elektriske fluksen, er den magnetiske fluksen gjennom en lukket flate alltid null. Dette er innholdet av <a href="/wiki/Maxwells_ligninger" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxwells ligninger">Maxwells andre ligning</a> som derfor kan skrives som <b>∇</b>⋅<b>B</b> = 0. Ligningen tilsvarer at det ikke finnes virkelige, <a href="/wiki/Magnetisk_monopol" title="Magnetisk monopol">magnetiske ladninger</a>. Da <a href="/wiki/Feltlinje" title="Feltlinje">feltlinjer</a> alltid må starte og ende på tilsvarende ladninger, betyr det at disse for <b>B</b>-feltet alltid må være lukkete kurver. </p><p>Denne fluksen har en sentral plass i <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">elektromagnetisk teori</a> og likså for magnetfelt som varierer med tiden. Det er spesielt tydelig i <a href="/wiki/Faradays_induksjonslov" title="Faradays induksjonslov">Faradays induksjonslov</a> hvor den <a href="/wiki/Derivasjon" title="Derivasjon">tidsderiverte</a> av fluksen gir den induserte, elektromotoriske spenningen, </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}=-{d\Phi _{B} \over dt}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">E</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}=-{d\Phi _{B} \over dt}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/08e7afdd3d61e4be65da3e8074058d9c8d710390" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:11.427ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}=-{d\Phi _{B} \over dt}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>På differensiell form er dette <a href="/wiki/Maxwells_ligninger" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxwells ligninger">Maxwells tredje ligning</a> som danner grunnlaget for alle <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_motor" title="Elektrisk motor">elektriske motorer</a> og <a href="/wiki/Generator" title="Generator">generatorer</a>. </p><p>En lukket strømsløyfe som fører en konstant strøm <i>I</i> og befinner seg i et ytre magnetfelt, har en <a href="/wiki/Magnetfelt#Magnetisk_energi" title="Magnetfelt">vekselvirkningsenergi</a> som er gitt ved </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V=-I\Phi _{B}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> <mi>I</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V=-I\Phi _{B}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a938ab7c5bf98320ba73d7c1255e6e1c3e37d4b5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.023ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V=-I\Phi _{B}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>hvor Φ<sub><i>B</i></sub>  er den magnetiske fluksen gjennom sløyfen. Hele energien til dette systemet vil også inkludere energien til feltet.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hvis arealet <b>S</b> til sløyfen er så lite at feltet gjennom den kan anses som konstant, blir fluksen <span class="nowrap">Φ<sub><i>B</i></sub> = <b>B</b>⋅<b>S</b></span>. Men nå er <span class="nowrap"><b>m</b> = <i>I</i> <b>S</b></span> det <a href="/wiki/Magnetisk_moment" title="Magnetisk moment">magnetiske momentet</a> til sløyfen som dermed kan beskrives som en <a href="/wiki/Dipol" title="Dipol">dipol</a> med energien </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V=-\mathbf {m} \cdot \mathbf {B} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">m</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V=-\mathbf {m} \cdot \mathbf {B} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/35075c58be33d65693f054ea34011e114c0d5449" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:12.5ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V=-\mathbf {m} \cdot \mathbf {B} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>i det ytre magnetfeltet. Likevektsstillingen inntrer der denne energien er minimal som tilsvarer at dipolen har samme retning som <b>B</b>-feltet og fluksen gjennom den er maksimal. </p><p>Magnetiske flukser kan ikke uten videre trenge inn i <a href="/wiki/Superleder" title="Superleder">superledere</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kvantemekanikk" title="Kvantemekanikk">Kvantemekanikken</a> sier da at denne fluksen kun kan opptre med diskrete verdier som alle er et multiplum av et mindre, fundamentalt <b>flukskvantum</b>. Dette fenomenet kalles <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flukskvantisering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flukskvantisering (ikke skrevet ennå)">flukskvantisering</a> og er eksperimentelt påvist.<sup id="cite_ref-QMGriffiths_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QMGriffiths-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Andre_flukser">Andre flukser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluks&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Andre flukser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluks&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Andre flukser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kanskje den mest kjente fluksen i fysikk er <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_str%C3%B8m" title="Elektrisk strøm">elektrisk strøm</a>. Den er definert ved en fluksvektor som er <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_str%C3%B8m#Strømtetthet_og_Ohms_lov" title="Elektrisk strøm">strømtettheten</a> <b>J</b> som har måleenhet A/m<sup>2</sup>. Strømmen gjennom en flate <b>S</b> er da </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I=\int _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>I</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">J</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">S</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I=\int _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/08e5e2d86cc83c29e6de3893b34b958992b2503a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:13.003ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I=\int _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>som måles i enheter av <a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">A</a> = <a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">C</a>/s. For enhver transportprosess med strømningsvektor <b>F</b> kan det defineres en tilsvarende fluks gjennom en gitt flate. Dette behøver ikke være materiell transport, men kan for eksempel også gjelde transport av <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a>. Det kan være <a href="/wiki/Varmeledning" title="Varmeledning">varmeledning</a> eller transport av <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisk_felt#Poyntings_teorem" title="Elektromagnetisk felt">elektromagnetisk strålingsenergi</a> gitt ved <a href="/wiki/Poyntings_vektor" title="Poyntings vektor">Poyntings vektor</a> <b>E</b> × <b>H</b>. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Kvantemekanikk" title="Kvantemekanikk">kvantemekanikken</a> opptrer også flukser i forbindelse med strøm av sannsynlighetsamplituder eller <a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger-ligning" title="Schrödinger-ligning">bølgefunksjoner</a>. En slik kvantemekansik fluks er da et mål for synnsynligheten for at en partikkel skal passere den gitte flaten.<sup id="cite_ref-QMGriffiths_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QMGriffiths-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluks&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluks&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HLL-1"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-HLL_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLL_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">O. Hunderi, J.R. Lien og G. Løvhøiden, <i>Generell fysikk for universiteter og høgskoler, Bind 2</i>, Universitetsforlaget, Oslo (2001). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9788215000060" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-82-1500-006-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170814094625/http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf">«The International System of Units (SI)»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. 2006. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf">originalen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 14. august 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 30. januar 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AFluks&rft.btitle=The+International+System+of+Units+%28SI%29&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Bureau+International+des+Poids+et+Mesures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Futils%2Fcommon%2Fpdf%2Fsi_brochure_8_en.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Falkovich-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Falkovich_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> G. Falkovich, <i>Fluid Mechanics: A Short Course for Physicists</i>, Cambridge University Press, New York (2011). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9781107005754" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-107-00575-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griffiths-4"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Griffiths_4-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Griffiths_4-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> D.J. Griffiths, <i>Introduction to Electrodynamics</i>, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (1999). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/013805326X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-13-805326-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> R.P. Feynman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/II_14.html"><i>The Feynman Lectures on Physics</i></a>, Vol II, Caltech, Pasadena (2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-QMGriffiths-6"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-QMGriffiths_6-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QMGriffiths_6-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> D. J. Griffiths, <i>Quantum Mechanics</i>, Pearson Education International, Essex (2005). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/1292024089" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-292-02408-9</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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