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Gustav Mahler – Wikipedija

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<div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Životopis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Životopis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Životopis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Životopis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Životopis</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Životopis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rani_život" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rani_život"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Rani život</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rani_život-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rastući_ugled" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rastući_ugled"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Rastući ugled</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rastući_ugled-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasnije_godine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasnije_godine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Kasnije godine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasnije_godine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glazba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glazba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Glazba</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Glazba-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Glazba</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Glazba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mahler_i_žanr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mahler_i_žanr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mahler i žanr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mahler_i_žanr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Stil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tonalitetnost_u_Mahlerovoj_glazbi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tonalitetnost_u_Mahlerovoj_glazbi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Tonalitetnost u Mahlerovoj glazbi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tonalitetnost_u_Mahlerovoj_glazbi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simfonije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simfonije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Simfonije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simfonije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prvo_razdoblje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prvo_razdoblje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Prvo razdoblje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prvo_razdoblje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drugo_razdoblje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drugo_razdoblje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Drugo razdoblje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drugo_razdoblje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treće_razdoblje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treće_razdoblje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>Treće razdoblje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treće_razdoblje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prokletstvo_devete_simfonije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prokletstvo_devete_simfonije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Prokletstvo devete simfonije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prokletstvo_devete_simfonije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ostavština" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ostavština"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ostavština</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ostavština-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Ostavština</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ostavština-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Utjecaj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utjecaj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Utjecaj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utjecaj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sredina_i_kraj_20._stoljeća" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sredina_i_kraj_20._stoljeća"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sredina i kraj 20. stoljeća</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sredina_i_kraj_20._stoljeća-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mahler_u_popularnoj_kulturi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mahler_u_popularnoj_kulturi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mahler u popularnoj kulturi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mahler_u_popularnoj_kulturi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Djela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Djela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Djela</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Djela-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Djela</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Djela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Simfonije_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simfonije_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Simfonije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simfonije_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vokalne_skladbe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokalne_skladbe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Vokalne skladbe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vokalne_skladbe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komorne_skladbe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komorne_skladbe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Komorne skladbe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komorne_skladbe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Vanjske poveznice</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sestrinski_projekti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sestrinski_projekti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Sestrinski projekti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sestrinski_projekti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mrežna_sjedišta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mrežna_sjedišta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Mrežna sjedišta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mrežna_sjedišta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gustav Mahler</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 119 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%89%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%89%AD_%E1%88%9B%E1%88%88%E1%88%AD" title="ጉስታቭ ማለር – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጉስታቭ ማለር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="غوستاف مالر – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غوستاف مالر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="جوستاف مالر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوستاف مالر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – ajmarski" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ajmarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qustav_Maler" title="Qustav Maler – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qustav Maler" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="قوستاو مالر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قوستاو مالر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Густав Малер – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Густав Малер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Густаў Малер – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Густаў Малер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Густаў Малер – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Густаў Малер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Густав Малер – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Густав Малер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="গুস্তাভ মালার – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুস্তাভ মালার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Густав Малер – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Густав Малер" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Малер, Густав – čečenski" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Малер, Густав" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B1" title="گوستاف مالەر – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گوستاف مالەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Maler" title="Gustav Maler – krimski turski" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Gustav Maler" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimski turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B2_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Γκούσταβ Μάλερ – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκούσταβ Μάλερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="گوستاو مالر – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوستاو مالر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – gvaranski" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%91_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%A8" title="גוסטב מאהלר – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גוסטב מאהלר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BE_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Գուստավ Մալեր – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գուստավ Մալեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="グスタフ・マーラー – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グスタフ・マーラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%95_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="გუსტავ მალერი – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გუსტავ მალერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Густав Малер – kabardinski" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Густав Малер" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Густав Малер – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Густав Малер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%ED%94%84_%EB%A7%90%EB%9F%AC" title="구스타프 말러 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구스타프 말러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – kornski" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavus_Mahler" title="Gustavus Mahler – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gustavus Mahler" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavs_M%C4%81lers" title="Gustavs Mālers – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gustavs Mālers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Густав Малер – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Густав Малер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BC" title="ഗുസ്താവ് മാലർ – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗുസ്താവ് മാലർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Густав Малер – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Густав Малер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="गुस्ताव माहलर – marathski" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गुस्ताव माहलर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="گوستاو مالر – mazanderanski" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گوستاو مالر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B0" title="ਗੁਸਤਾਵ ਮਾਲਰ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁਸਤਾਵ ਮਾਲਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%84%D8%B1" title="گستاف ماہلر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گستاف ماہلر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – kečuanski" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Малер, Густав – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Малер, Густав" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ґустав Малер – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґустав Малер" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%83" title="गुस्तावः मालेरः – sanskrtski" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गुस्तावः मालेरः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrtski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Густав Малер – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Густав Малер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="குஸ்தாவ் மாலர் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குஸ்தாவ் மாலர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="กุสทัฟ มาเลอร์ – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กุสทัฟ มาเลอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Maler" title="Gustav Maler – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Gustav Maler" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Густав Малер – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Густав Малер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%84%D8%B1" title="گستاف ماہلر – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گستاف ماہلر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maler_Gustav" title="Maler Gustav – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Maler Gustav" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maler_Gustav" title="Maler Gustav – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Maler Gustav" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gustav Mahler" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li 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Kliknite ovdje za više informacija." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox vcard" style="font-size: 88%; text-align: left; width: 22em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #bfe0bf; color:#000000; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;" class="fn">Gustav Mahler </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Gustav_Mahler_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gustav Mahler"><img alt="Gustav Mahler" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gustav_Mahler_1909.jpg/220px-Gustav_Mahler_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gustav_Mahler_1909.jpg/330px-Gustav_Mahler_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gustav_Mahler_1909.jpg/440px-Gustav_Mahler_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="1452" /></a></span><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #DDDDDD;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #bfe0bf; font-size: 98%; text-align: right;"><div style="text-align:center;"><b>Životopisni podatci</b> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rođenje </th> <td><a href="/wiki/7._srpnja" title="7. srpnja">7. srpnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1860." title="1860.">1860.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kali%C5%A1t%C4%9B" title="Kaliště">Kaliště</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka">Češka</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Smrt </th> <td><a href="/wiki/18._svibnja" title="18. svibnja">18. svibnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1911." title="1911.">1911.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Be%C4%8D" title="Beč">Beč</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austrija" title="Austrija">Austrija</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #bfe0bf; font-size: 98%; text-align: right;"><div style="text-align:center;"><b>Djelo</b> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Razdoblje </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Romantizam" title="Romantizam">kasni romantizam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Poznatija djela </th> <td><i>II. simfonija "Uskrsnuća"</i> <br /> <i>IV. simfonija</i> <br /> <i>V. simfonija</i> <br /> <i>VIII. simfonija "Tisuće"</i> <br /> <i>ciklusi solo popijevaka</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:lightblue; padding-top:3px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Glazba" title="Portal:Glazba">Portal o glazbi</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#efefef; padding-top:3px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%C5%BDivotopis" title="Portal:Životopis">Portal o životopisima</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Mahler-signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mahlerov potpis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mahler-signature.svg/246px-Mahler-signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="246" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mahler-signature.svg/369px-Mahler-signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mahler-signature.svg/492px-Mahler-signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="180" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gustav Mahler</b> (<a href="/wiki/Kali%C5%A1t%C4%9B" title="Kaliště">Kaliště</a>, <a href="/wiki/7._srpnja" title="7. srpnja">7. srpnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1860." title="1860.">1860.</a> – <a href="/wiki/Be%C4%8D" title="Beč">Beč</a>, <a href="/wiki/18._svibnja" title="18. svibnja">18. svibnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1911." title="1911.">1911.</a>), <a href="/wiki/Austrija" title="Austrija">austrijski</a> <a href="/wiki/Skladatelj" title="Skladatelj">skladatelj</a> i <a href="/wiki/Dirigent" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirigent">dirigent</a> židovskog podrijetla. </p><p>Mahler je za života bio jedan od vodećih <a href="/wiki/Orkestar" title="Orkestar">orkestralnih</a> i <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opernih</a> dirigenata. Bio je i jedan od najznačajnijih skladatelja kasnog <a href="/wiki/Romantizam" title="Romantizam">romantizma</a>, iako njegova <a href="/wiki/Glazba" title="Glazba">glazba</a> u glazbenim krugovima nikada nije bila potpuno prihvaćena dok je bio živ. Mahler je skladao prvenstveno <a href="/wiki/Simfonija" title="Simfonija">simfonije</a> i <a href="/wiki/Pjesma" title="Pjesma">pjesme</a>, no njegov je pristup <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDanr" title="Žanr">žanru</a> često zamagljivao granice između pjesme (<a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki" class="mw-redirect" title="Njemački">njem.</a> <i>Lied</i>), <a href="/wiki/Simfonija" title="Simfonija">simfonije</a> i orkestralne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simfonijska_pjesma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simfonijska pjesma (stranica ne postoji)">simfonijske pjesme</a>. Mahlerova su djela i glazbeno umijeće iznimno cijenili skladatelji Druge bečke škole – <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sch%C3%B6nberg" title="Arnold Schönberg">Arnold Schönberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Alban Berg</a> i <a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Anton Webern</a>, a divili mu se i njegovom se glazbom nadahnjivali mnogi skladatelji <a href="/wiki/20._stolje%C4%87e" title="20. stoljeće">20. stoljeća</a>, primjerice <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_%C5%A0ostakovi%C4%8D" title="Dmitrij Šostakovič">Dmitrij Šostakovič</a> i <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a>. Godine 1955. u Beču je utemeljeno i Međunarodno društvo »Gustav Mahler«&#160;(njem. <i>Internationale Gustav Mahler Gesellschaft</i>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Životopis"><span id=".C5.BDivotopis"></span>Životopis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Životopis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Životopis"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rani_život"><span id="Rani_.C5.BEivot"></span>Rani život</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Rani život" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Rani život"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Gustav_mahler_as_child.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gustav_mahler_as_child.jpg/160px-Gustav_mahler_as_child.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gustav_mahler_as_child.jpg/240px-Gustav_mahler_as_child.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gustav_mahler_as_child.jpg/320px-Gustav_mahler_as_child.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="756" /></a><figcaption>Gustav Mahler kao dječak</figcaption></figure> <p>Gustav Mahler rođen je u <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDidovi" title="Židovi">aškenaskoj</a> obitelji u kojoj se govorilo njemački, u Kalištu u povijesnoj pokrajini Češkoj, tada dijelom <a href="/wiki/Austrijsko_Carstvo" title="Austrijsko Carstvo">Austrijskog Carstva</a>, kao drugo od četrnaestero djece od kojih je samo šest preživjelo rano djetinjstvo.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Njegovi roditelji uskoro se sele u <a href="/wiki/Jihlava" title="Jihlava">Jihlavu</a> u <a href="/wiki/Moravska" title="Moravska">Moravskoj</a> gdje Mahler provodi djetinjstvo. Primijetivši dječakov glazbeni talent u ranoj dobi, započinje sviranje <a href="/wiki/Glasovir" title="Glasovir">glasovira</a> kada mu je bilo šest godina. </p><p>Mahler je <a href="/wiki/1875." title="1875.">1875.</a> godine kao 15-godišnji dječak primljen na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Be%C4%8Dki_konzervatorij&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bečki konzervatorij (stranica ne postoji)">Bečki konzervatorij</a> gdje je učio <a href="/wiki/Glasovir" title="Glasovir">glasovir</a> s Juliusom Epsteinom, harmoniju s Robertom Fuchsom i kompoziciju s Franzom Krennom. Tri godine poslije studira na <a href="/wiki/Be%C4%8Dko_sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te" class="mw-redirect" title="Bečko sveučilište">Bečkom sveučilištu</a>, gdje je tada predavao <a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Anton Bruckner</a>. Tamo uz glazbu studira povijest i filozofiju. U to vrijeme radio je kao <a href="/wiki/U%C4%8Ditelj" title="Učitelj">učitelj</a> glazbe i ostvario prve važne pokušaje u kompoziciji <a href="/wiki/Kantata" title="Kantata">kantatom</a> <i>Das klagende Lied</i>. Ta je skladba ušla u natjecanje – žirijem je predsjedavao <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a> – ali nije osvojila nagradu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rastući_ugled"><span id="Rastu.C4.87i_ugled"></span>Rastući ugled</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Rastući ugled" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Rastući ugled"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahler počinje dirigentsku karijeru <a href="/wiki/1880." title="1880.">1880.</a> godine u ljetnom kazalištu u Bad Hallu. Narednih godina radio je u mnogim poznatim opernim kućama: 1881. godine u <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljani</a>, <a href="/wiki/1882." title="1882.">1882.</a> u <a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olomoucu</a>, 1883. u <a href="/wiki/Be%C4%8D" title="Beč">Beču</a>, 1883. u <a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kasselu</a>, 1885. u <a href="/wiki/Prag" title="Prag">Pragu</a>, 1886. u <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzigu</a>, te 1888. u <a href="/wiki/Budimpe%C5%A1ta" title="Budimpešta">Budimpešti</a>. Dirigiranje <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagnerovog</a> opernog ciklusa <a href="/wiki/Prsten_Nibelunga" title="Prsten Nibelunga">Prsten Nibelunga</a> preuzeo je 1887. od bolesnog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Nikisch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Nikisch (stranica ne postoji)">Arthura Nikischa</a>, čvrsto uspostavljajući reputaciju i kod kritike i publike. Godinu poslije izveo je potpunu inačicu nedovršene komične opere <i>Die Drei Pintos</i> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Carla Marie von Webera</a>, čiji mu uspjeh donosi financijsko olakšanje i rastuću slavu. Brahms je bio vrlo impresioniran njegovim dirigiranjem Mozartove opere <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i>. Njegovo prvo duže zaposlenje bilo je u hamburškoj operi gdje je radio od 1891. do 1897. Od 1893. do 1896. odlazi na odmore u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steinbach_am_Attersee&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Steinbach am Attersee (stranica ne postoji)">Steinbach am Attersee</a> u <a href="/wiki/Gornja_Austrija" title="Gornja Austrija">Gornjoj Austriji</a> gdje revidira <i>Simfoniju br. 1</i> (praizvedena 1889.), napisao <i>Simfoniju br. 2</i>, skicirao <i>Simfoniju br. 3</i>, i napisao većinu pjesama iz zbirke <i>Lieder aus des Knaben Wunderhorn</i> (<i>Dječakov čarobni rog</i>), skladanih prema poznatoj istoimenoj zbirci narodnih pjesama. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Mahlers_Komponierh%C3%A4uschen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mahlers_Komponierh%C3%A4uschen.jpg/240px-Mahlers_Komponierh%C3%A4uschen.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mahlers_Komponierh%C3%A4uschen.jpg/360px-Mahlers_Komponierh%C3%A4uschen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mahlers_Komponierh%C3%A4uschen.jpg/480px-Mahlers_Komponierh%C3%A4uschen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="571" /></a><figcaption>Mahlerova „kućica za skladanje“ na obali <a href="/wiki/Jezero" title="Jezero">jezera</a> Atter</figcaption></figure> <p>Godine 1897., tada 37-godišnjem Mahleru ponuđeno je vođenje <a href="/wiki/Be%C4%8Dka_dr%C5%BEavna_opera" title="Bečka državna opera">Bečke državne opere</a>, najprestižnije glazbene službe u Austrijskom Carstvu. To je bio 'carski' položaj koji po austro-ugarskom zakonu nisu mogli obavljati <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDidovi" title="Židovi">Židovi</a>. Mahler, koji nije prakticirao svoju religiju, nakon priprema je prešao na katolicizam. Kao dijete je pjevao u katoličkom crkvenom zboru gdje je od zborovođe učio i glasovir. Kako su godine prolazile, Mahlera je katolicizam privlačio pa je katolički utjecaj vidljiv i u njegovoj glazbi, npr. u <a href="/wiki/Himan" title="Himan">himnu</a> <i>Veni Creator Spiritus</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/O_do%C4%91i,_Stvor%C4%8De,_Du%C5%A1e_svet" title="O dođi, Stvorče, Duše svet">O dođi, Stvorče, Duše svet</a></i>), prvom stavku <i>Osme simfonije</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>U deset godina djelovanja u Bečkoj operi, Mahler transformira njen repertoar i podiže umjetničke standarde, pokoravajući i izvođače i slušatelje svojoj volji. Kada je preuzeo Operu, najpopularnije su bile izvedbe opera <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lohengrin_(opera)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lohengrin (opera) (stranica ne postoji)">Lohengrin</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Manon" title="Manon">Manon</a></i> i <i><a href="/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana" title="Cavalleria rusticana">Cavalleria rusticana</a></i>; kao novi ravnatelj koncentrirao se na izvođenje klasičnih opera <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Willibald_Gluck" title="Christoph Willibald Gluck">Christopha Willibalda Glucka</a> i <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfganga Amadeusa Mozarta</a>, a u suradnji sa slikarem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Roller&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Roller (stranica ne postoji)">Alfredom Rollerom</a> stvorio je sjenovite i očaravajuće produkcije opera <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fidelio&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fidelio (stranica ne postoji)">Fidelio</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tristan_i_Izolda_(opera)" title="Tristan i Izolda (opera)">Tristan i Izolda</a></i> i <i><a href="/wiki/Prsten_Nibelunga" title="Prsten Nibelunga">Prsten Nibelunga</a></i>. </p><p>U Mahlerovo je vrijeme Beč bio jednim od najvećih svjetskih gradova, kao i metropola velikog carstva u <a href="/wiki/Srednja_Europa" title="Srednja Europa">Srednjoj Europi</a>. Bio je dom živoj umjetničkoj i intelektualnoj sceni, kao i poznatim slikarima poput <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Klimt" title="Gustav Klimt">Gustava Klimta</a> i <a href="/wiki/Egon_Schiele" title="Egon Schiele">Egona Schielea</a>, mnoge od kojih je Mahler i osobno poznavao. </p><p>Mahler je svake godine u Operi radio devet mjeseci, pa je samo ljeta mogao koristiti za skladanje glazbe. Provodio ih je uglavnom u mjestu Maiernigg na jezeru <a href="/wiki/W%C3%B6rthersee" class="mw-redirect" title="Wörthersee">Wörthersee</a>. U tom idiličnom okruženju skladao je simfonije od pete do osme, cikluse pjesama <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%BCckert_Lieder&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rückert Lieder (stranica ne postoji)">Rückert Lieder</a></i> i <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kindertotenlieder&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kindertotenlieder (stranica ne postoji)">Kindertotenlieder</a> (Pjesme mrtvoj djeci)</i>, oba prema poeziji <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_R%C3%BCckert" class="mw-disambig" title="Friedrich Rückert">Friedricha Rückerta</a>, te <i>Der Tamboursg'sell</i>, posljednji u ciklusu <i>Dječakov čarobni rog</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kasnije_godine">Kasnije godine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Kasnije godine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kasnije godine"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Mahler_Gustav_von_Sz%C3%A9kely.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mahler_Gustav_von_Sz%C3%A9kely.png/180px-Mahler_Gustav_von_Sz%C3%A9kely.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mahler_Gustav_von_Sz%C3%A9kely.png/270px-Mahler_Gustav_von_Sz%C3%A9kely.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mahler_Gustav_von_Sz%C3%A9kely.png/360px-Mahler_Gustav_von_Sz%C3%A9kely.png 2x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption><center>Gustav Mahler (1898.)</center></figcaption></figure> <p>U lipnju 1901., seli se u novu vilu na jezeru u Maierniggu u <a href="/wiki/Koru%C5%A1ka" class="mw-redirect" title="Koruška">Koruškoj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 9. ožujka 1902. ženi se dvadeset godina mlađom Almom Schindler (<a href="/wiki/1879." title="1879.">1879.</a> &#8211;<a href="/wiki/1964." title="1964.">1964.</a>), pokćerkom bečkog slikara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Moll&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Moll (stranica ne postoji)">Carla Molla</a>. Alma je bila glazbenica i skladateljica, ali joj je Mahler zabranio kreativni rad: no ipak je često uredno prepisivala njegove rukopise. Alma i Gustav imali su dvije kćeri, Mariu Annu ('Putzi'; <a href="/wiki/1902." title="1902.">1902.</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/1907." title="1907.">1907.</a>), koja je sa samo četiri godine umrla od <a href="/wiki/Difterija" title="Difterija">difterije</a>, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna Mahler (stranica ne postoji)">Annu</a> ('Gucki'; <a href="/wiki/1904." title="1904.">1904.</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/1988." title="1988.">1988.</a>), koja je kasnije postala <a href="/wiki/Kiparstvo" title="Kiparstvo">kiparica</a>. </p><p>Smrt prve kćeri duboko je pogodila Mahlera, ali to je bio tek početak. Iste godine otkrio je da ima srčanu bolest (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Endokarditis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Endokarditis (stranica ne postoji)">infektivni endokarditis</a>), pa je stoga bio primoran ograničiti tjelovježbu, te brojiti korake pedometrom. U Operi je zbog tvrdoglavosti imao sve više neprijatelja, a bio je i sve češćom metom napada u antisemitskim krugovima, naročito preko tiskovina. Ostavka na mjesto ravnatelja opere 1907. bila je očekivana. Utjecaj tjeskobne realnosti toga vremena naročito je vidljiv u njegovoj <i>Devetoj simfoniji</i>. </p><p>Mahlerova je glazba kod kritičara pobuđivala protivljenje, jer su ju pretežno primali kao zbrku pomiješanih tema, uzetih iz "disparatnih" razdoblja i tradicija. Mahlerovo međusobno suprotstavljanje materijala iz "vrijednih" kao i "manje vrijednih" kultura, te miješanje različitih etničkih tradicija često su konzervativne kritičare dovodile do bijesa, osobito u doba kada su masovne radničke organizacije naglo rasle, a sukobi između Nijemaca, Čeha, Mađara i Židova u <a href="/wiki/Austro-Ugarska" title="Austro-Ugarska">Austro-Ugarskoj</a> stvarali sve jači osjećaj napetosti i nestabilnosti. No, na svojoj je strani uvijek imao i strastvene pobornike. Zadnjih godina života Mahler je počeo postizati uspjehe i kod šire publike, od kojih je među važnijima izvedba <i>Druge simfonije</i> 1900. godine u <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München">Münchenu</a>, s prvom potpunom izvedbom <i>Treće simfonije</i> u <a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeldu</a> 1902., kao i oproštajno izvođenje <i>Druge simfonije</i> u Beču 1907., te prije svega minhenska praizvedba velebne <i>Osme simfonije</i> <a href="/wiki/1910." title="1910.">1910.</a> Glazba koju je nakon toga skladao nije izvođena za njegova života. </p><p>Posljednji povod za Mahlerov odlazak iz Beča bila je bogata ponuda <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City">njujorške</a> <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">operne kuće Metropolitan</a>, gdje je dirigirao jednu sezonu. Iako je bio iznimno popularan i kod kritike i publike, pao je u nemilost vodstva operne kuće te su za njegova nasljednika angažirali <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Artura Toscaninija</a>. Istovremeno, brak mu zalazi u krizu kad je otkrivena nevjera njegove supruge Alme. Mahler je 1910. imao i jednu vrlo korisnu konzultaciju sa <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmundom Freudom</a>. </p><p>Potpisavši ugovor i preuzevši mjesto šefa-dirigenta Njujorškog filharmonijskog orkestra, Mahler s obitelji ponovo seli u <a href="/wiki/Sjedinjene_Dr%C5%BEave" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjedinjene Države">Sjedinjene Države</a>. Tamo dovršava <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Das_Lied_von_der_Erde&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Das Lied von der Erde (stranica ne postoji)">Das Lied von der Erde</a> (Pjesma o zemlji)</i>, i <i>Devetu simfoniju</i>, koja će ostati njegovim posljednjim dovršenim djelom. U veljači 1911., tijekom duge i zahtjevne sezone Mahler u New Yorku obolijeva od streptokokne infekcije i svoj posljednji koncert dirigira u <a href="/wiki/Groznica" title="Groznica">groznice</a> (program je uključivao svjetsku praizvedbu <i>Berceuse élégiaque</i> <a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Busoni" title="Ferruccio Busoni">Ferruccia Busonija</a>). Povratkom u Europu, vode ga u <a href="/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz">Pariz</a> gdje je upravo bio razvijen novi serum. Terapija nije pomogla i na vlastiti ga zahtjev voze natrag u Beč. Tamo, shrvan bolešću, umire 18. svibnja 1911. u dobi od 50 godina, ostavljajući svoju <i>Desetu simfoniju</i> nedovršenom. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Grinzinger_Friedhof_-_Gustav_Mahler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Grinzinger_Friedhof_-_Gustav_Mahler.jpg/240px-Grinzinger_Friedhof_-_Gustav_Mahler.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Grinzinger_Friedhof_-_Gustav_Mahler.jpg/360px-Grinzinger_Friedhof_-_Gustav_Mahler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Grinzinger_Friedhof_-_Gustav_Mahler.jpg/480px-Grinzinger_Friedhof_-_Gustav_Mahler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2936" data-file-height="1904" /></a><figcaption>Mahlerov grob na groblju u bečkom Grinzingu</figcaption></figure> <p>Vjeruje se da je njegova posljednja riječ bila "Mozartl" ('Mozartić'). Po vlastitoj je želji pokopan pokraj svoje rano preminule kćeri na groblju u bečkom Grinzingu. Prema posljednjim željama, pogreb je protekao u tišini, a na njegovom nadgrobnom spomeniku stoji samo ime "Gustav Mahler". Mahlerov dobar prijatelj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Walter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruno Walter (stranica ne postoji)">Bruno Walter</a> ovako opisuje sprovod: "18. svibnja 1911. je umro. Sljedeće večeri polegli smo lijes na groblju u Grinzingu, prolomila se oluja s takvim naletima kiše da je bilo gotovo nemoguće nastaviti. Ogromna gomila ljudi u mrtvoj tišini slijedila je mrtvačka kola. U trenutku kada je lijes spušten, sunce se prolomilo kroz oblake".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alma Mahler citira Gustava: "Ja sam triput beskućnik: kao Čeh u Austriji, kao Austrijanac među Nijemcima i kao Židov u cijelom svijetu. Svugdje uljez, nigdje dobrodošao." To je vrlo slično izreci koju je 1860. ili 1870. zapisao <a href="/wiki/Anton_Rubinstein" title="Anton Rubinstein">Anton Rubinstein</a>, a zbog prikladnosti vjerojatno preuzeo Mahler (ili Alma). </p><p>Alma je nadživjela Gustava za 50 godina i sve do smrti je aktivno sudjelovala u objavljivanju materijala o Mahlerovu životu i glazbi. No njena kazivanja napadana su kao nepouzdana, lažna i varljiva. Korigirala je i korespondenciju pa je u njenim publikacijama Gustav često prikazivan negativnije nego bi neki povjesničari željeli.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Glazba">Glazba</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Glazba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Glazba"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahler je u nizu bečkih simfoničara Prve bečke škole, koji se proteže od <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Josepha Haydna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Wolfganga Amadeusa Mozarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beethoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven">Ludwiga van Beethovena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Schubert">Franza Schuberta</a>, te romantičara Antona Brucknera i Johannesa Brahmsa, bio posljednji. Također je u svoja djela uključivao i ideje ne-bečkih romantičnih skladatelja poput <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Roberta Schumanna</a> i <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felixa Mendelssohna</a>. No znatan utjecaj na njega izvršio je Richard Wagner koji je, po Mahlerovu mišljenju, jedini skladatelj nakon Beethovena čija se glazba temelji na tematskoj razvojnosti (vidi <a href="/wiki/Sonata" title="Sonata">Sonata</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mahler_i_žanr"><span id="Mahler_i_.C5.BEanr"></span>Mahler i žanr</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Mahler i žanr" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mahler i žanr"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Mahler_song_cycle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Mahler_song_cycle.jpg/280px-Mahler_song_cycle.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Mahler_song_cycle.jpg/420px-Mahler_song_cycle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Mahler_song_cycle.jpg/560px-Mahler_song_cycle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1590" data-file-height="880" /></a><figcaption><center>Početni <a href="/wiki/Takt" title="Takt">taktovi</a> prvoga izdanja Mahlerova ciklusa <i>Pjesme putujućeg djetića</i></center></figcaption></figure> <p>Nakon <i>Klavirskog kvinteta</i>, rane kantate <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Das_Klagende_Lied&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Das Klagende Lied (stranica ne postoji)">Das Klagende Lied</a></i> i skladbe <i>Totenfeier</i>, Mahler se u potpunosti posvećuje skladanju simfonija i solo-pjesama. Osim završenih devet numeriranih simfonija, njegovi glavni radovi postaju ciklusi pjesama <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieder_eines_fahrenden_Gesellen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen (stranica ne postoji)">Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen</a></i> (hrv. <i>Pjesme putujućeg djetića</i>, doslovan prijevod glasi "Pjesme suputnika"), kao i <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kindertotenlieder&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kindertotenlieder (stranica ne postoji)">Kindertotenlieder</a></i> ("Pjesme mrtvoj djeci"), te <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Das_Lied_von_der_Erde&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Das Lied von der Erde (stranica ne postoji)">Das Lied von der Erde</a></i> (<i>Pjesma o zemlji</i>, sinteza simfonije i solo-pjesme). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stil">Stil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Stil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Stil"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duh solo-popijevke stalan je u Mahlerovu djelu. U razvoju ciklusa pjesama slijedi <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Franza Schuberta</a> i <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Roberta Schumanna</a>, ali ih radije orkestrira, nego da ih sklada samo s klavirskom pratnjom. "Pjesme putujućeg djetića" ciklus je od četiri pjesme čiji je glavni lik odbačeni ljubavnik koji usamljen luta zemljom. Mahler je tekst napisao sam, nadahnut nesretnom ljubavlju s <a href="/wiki/Pjeva%C4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Pjevač">pjevačicom</a> koju je sreo za boravka u <a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kasselu</a>. </p><p>Iznimno svjestan mogućnosti i mnogih boja zvuka orkestra, Mahler svoje simfonije puni tečnim <a href="/wiki/Melodija" title="Melodija">melodijama</a> i ekspresivnom harmonijom, postižući izbistrenu kakvoću melodijskih pasaža. Među ostalim njegovim inovacijama su izražajno kombiniranje raznih <a href="/wiki/Glazbala" title="Glazbala">glazbala</a> u većem ili manjem opsegu, kao i veća uporaba <a href="/wiki/Udaraljke" title="Udaraljke">udaraljki</a> te sjedinjenje <a href="/wiki/Pjevanje#Klasifikacija_pjevačkih_glasova" title="Pjevanje">glasa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Pjeva%C4%8Dki_zbor" title="Pjevački zbor">zbora</a> sa simfonijskom formom. Njegov je orkestralni stil često zasnovan na <a href="/wiki/Polifonija" title="Polifonija">kontrapunktu</a>: dvije melodije počinju naizgled istovremeno, razvijajući bistrinu nasuprot masovnoj orgiji zvuka. </p><p>Vrlo često njegovi radovi uključuju duh pjesama i plesova austrijskih seljaka: <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4ndler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ländler (stranica ne postoji)">Ländler</a>, austrijski narodni ples koji se prvo razvio u <a href="/wiki/Menuet" title="Menuet">menuet</a>, a zatim u <a href="/wiki/Valcer" title="Valcer">valcer</a>, ima važnu ulogu u nekoliko njegovih simfonija, kao i sami menuet i valcer. Sva tri plesa u svom povijesnom razvoju predstavljena su u 'plesnom stavku' <i>Devete simfonije</i>. </p><p>Mahler je spojio ideje romantizma, uključujući <a href="/w/index.php?title=Programna_glazba&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Programna glazba (stranica ne postoji)">programnu glazbu</a>, uporabu melodija iz pjesama u svojim simfonijskim radovima na način koji je bio moguć i zbog razvoja <a href="/wiki/Orkestar" title="Orkestar">simfonijskog orkestra</a>. Tražeći načine proširivanja vlastitih glazbenih ideja, proširio je te donekle fragmentirao i sâmo razumijevanje simfonijske forme. Izjavio je da simfonija treba biti "cijeli svijet" sam po sebi. Pri tome se susretao s poteškoćama u predstavljanju svojih radova i stalno je revidirao detalje svoje orkestracije sve dok nije bio sasvim zadovoljan postignutim zvukovnim kombinacijama. </p><p>Mahler je bio duboko duhovan i vrlo je često glazbu opisivao povlačeći paralele s <a href="/wiki/Priroda" title="Priroda">prirodom</a>: zbog toga se njegovu glazbu još dugo nakon njegove smrti često smatralo ekstremno <a href="/wiki/Osje%C4%87aji" title="Osjećaji">osjećajnom</a>. Osim što je neprestano tražio nove načine proširenja simfonijske izražajnosti, <a href="/wiki/Strast" title="Strast">strastveno</a> je bio posvećen glazbi, što je vidljivo u njegovim preciznim metodama pažljivog planiranja te proučavanja djela i skladateljskog umijeća glazbenih mu uzora. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tonalitetnost_u_Mahlerovoj_glazbi">Tonalitetnost u Mahlerovoj glazbi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Tonalitetnost u Mahlerovoj glazbi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Tonalitetnost u Mahlerovoj glazbi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahlerov je <a href="/wiki/Harmonija_(glazba)" title="Harmonija (glazba)">harmonijski jezik</a> u pojedinim <a href="/wiki/Skladba" title="Skladba">skladbama</a> bio iznimno inovativan, šireći granice konvencionalne <a href="/wiki/Tonalitet" title="Tonalitet">tonalitetnosti</a>. No tonalitetnost je kao izražajni i gradbeni princip Mahleru bila od velike važnosti, što se najbolje vidi u njegovom pristupu tzv. "progresivnoj tonalitetnosti". Dok je njegova <i>Prva simfonija</i> pisana u D-duru, njegova <i>Druga simfonija</i> "napreduje" iz prvog stavka u c-molu do završnice u Es-duru; <i>Treća simfonija</i> počinje u d-molu, a završava stavkom u F-duru, koji opet završava u D-duru. <i>Peta simfonija</i> odmiče se od pogrebne koračnice u cis-molu kroz a-molski stavak pun očaja i sukoba, nastavlja snažnim plesnim stavkom u D-duru i lirskim <i>Adagiettom</i> u F-duru, do trijumfalnog finala u D-duru. <i>Šesta simfonija</i> počinje i završava u a-molu, kojemu Mahler suprotstavlja Es-dur polaganog stavka u sa <i>Scherzom</i> u a-molu. <i>Sedma simfonija</i> tonalitetno je iznimno "progresivna" - prvi stavak odmiče se od (mogućeg) početka u h-molu do svršetka u E-duru, a finale definira slavljenički C-dur. U <i>Osmoj simfoniji</i> skladateljeve izražajne namjere navode ga da izgradi djelo koje počinje i završava <i>in Es</i>, dok "oproštajna" <i>Deveta simfonija</i> od prvoga stavka u D-duru "odlazi" do finala u Des-duru. Za nedovršenu <i>Desetu simfoniju</i> može se jedino pretpostaviti da je Mahlerov tonalitetni cilj bio Fis-dur, isto kao i početak simfonije. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simfonije">Simfonije</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Simfonije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Simfonije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Prvo_razdoblje">Prvo razdoblje</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Prvo razdoblje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Prvo razdoblje"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahlerov simfonijski opus općenito se dijelio na tri 'razdoblja'. Prvo razdoblje, kojim dominira njegovo iščitavanje pjesama "Čarobnog roga", uključuje prve četiri simfonije. U toj skupini međusobni utjecaj njegovih pjesama i simfonija sasvim je razvidan. Prvi stavak <i>Simfonije br. 1</i> građen je na melodijskoj ideji jedne od "Pjesama putujećeg djetića", a pasaž druge pjesme istoga ciklusa pojavljuje se u središnjem dijelu trećega stavka. Treći stavak <i>Simfonije br. 2</i> bezglasno je proširenje jedne pjesme, a zatim i cijelog instrumentalnog postava iz "Čarobnog roga", čija je prisutnost vidljiva i u <i>Drugoj</i> i <i>Trećoj simfoniji</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Drugo_razdoblje">Drugo razdoblje</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Drugo razdoblje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Drugo razdoblje"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Peta</i>, <i>Šesta</i> i <i>Sedma simfonija</i> svrstavaju se u radove drugog razdoblja, čije su značajke povećana izražajna ozbiljnost i interes za neuobičajenu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Instrumentacija_(glazba)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Instrumentacija (glazba) (stranica ne postoji)">instrumentaciju</a> (npr. u <i>Petoj simfoniji</i> Mahler rabi razne vrste osebujnih <a href="/wiki/Udaraljke" title="Udaraljke">udaraljki</a> poput biča i zvona, "čekić" u <i>Šestoj</i>, te tenor-krilnicu, <a href="/wiki/Mandolina" title="Mandolina">mandolinu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gitara" title="Gitara">gitaru</a> u <i>Sedmoj simfoniji</i>), iako nestandardna <a href="/wiki/Glazbala" title="Glazbala">glazbala</a> koristi i ranije, primjerice poštanski rog u <i>Trećoj simfoniji</i>. Iako simfonije ovoga razdoblja nemaju pjevačkih dionica, svijet Mahlerovske pjesme ipak je vidljiv već u prvom stavku <i>Pete</i> i polaganom stavku <i>Šeste simfonije</i> (gdje se nakratko čuju fraze jedne od pjesmama iz ciklusa <i>Pjesme mrtvoj djeci</i>), kao i u finalu <i>Pete simfonije</i>, u kojoj se prepoznaje pjesma "Lob des hohen Verstandes" iz ciklusa <i>Dječakov čarobni rog</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Treće_razdoblje"><span id="Tre.C4.87e_razdoblje"></span>Treće razdoblje</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Treće razdoblje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Treće razdoblje"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Philadelphia_Orchestra_at_American_premiere_of_Mahler%27s_8th_Symphony_(1916).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Philadelphia_Orchestra_at_American_premiere_of_Mahler%27s_8th_Symphony_%281916%29.jpg/330px-Philadelphia_Orchestra_at_American_premiere_of_Mahler%27s_8th_Symphony_%281916%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Philadelphia_Orchestra_at_American_premiere_of_Mahler%27s_8th_Symphony_%281916%29.jpg/495px-Philadelphia_Orchestra_at_American_premiere_of_Mahler%27s_8th_Symphony_%281916%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Philadelphia_Orchestra_at_American_premiere_of_Mahler%27s_8th_Symphony_%281916%29.jpg/660px-Philadelphia_Orchestra_at_American_premiere_of_Mahler%27s_8th_Symphony_%281916%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Kolosalna američka praizvedba Mahlerove <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simfonija_br._8_(Mahler)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simfonija br. 8 (Mahler) (stranica ne postoji)">Osme simfonije</a></i> u kojoj je sudjelovalo 1068 izvođača pod ravnanjem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Stokowski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Leopold Stokowski (stranica ne postoji)">Leopolda Stokowskog</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Mahlerovo treće simfonijsko razdoblje označava povećana polifonija, a ono uključuje <i>Osmu</i>, <i>Devetu</i> i (nedovršenu) <i>Desetu simfoniju</i> te <i>Pjesmu o Zemlji</i>. Vjerojatne veze s drugim pjesmama tog razdoblja teško je u ovim djelima raspoznati, jer su <i>Pjesme mrtvoj djeci</i> (završene 1904.) njegov posljednji ciklus pjesama. No vrlo upadljiv primjer je završetak <i>Devete simfonije</i>, koji sadrži intervalsku sličnost s melodijom stiha "der Tag ist schön auf jenen Höh'n" ("lijep je dan na tim visinama") iz četvrte pjesme ciklusa <i>Pjesme mrtvoj djeci</i>. </p><p>Malo je skladatelja na sličan način združivalo svoj rad tako slobodno i potpuno kao Mahler. Taj dojam pojačava međusobna glazbena povezanost koja se može čuti u pojedinim simfonijama, kao i među simfonijama i pjesmama koje se tako naizgled povezuju u veći narativ. Npr. materijal koji se čuje u <i>Trećoj simfoniji</i> ponavlja se u finalu <i>Četvrte</i>; ideja iz prvog stavka <i>Četvrte</i> čuje se na početku <i>Pete</i>, a "tragična" harmonijska gesta koja se ponavlja u <i>Šestoj</i> (<a href="/wiki/Dur" title="Dur">durski</a> <a href="/wiki/Akord" title="Akord">akord</a> koji "pada" na <a href="/wiki/Mol_(glazba)" title="Mol (glazba)">mol</a>), upadljivo se vraća u <i>Sedmoj simfoniji</i>. Nadalje, tema iz <i>Prve simfonije</i> ponovljena je u prvom stavku <i>Devete simfonije</i>, posljednjem njegovom završenom djelu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prokletstvo_devete_simfonije">Prokletstvo devete simfonije</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Prokletstvo devete simfonije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Prokletstvo devete simfonije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahler je bio opsjednut Beethovenovom ostavštinom - rekao je kako su sve njegove simfonije bile "devete", jer su imale isti značaj i utjecaj kao čuvena Beethovenova <i><a href="/wiki/Simfonija_br._9_(Beethoven)" title="Simfonija br. 9 (Beethoven)">Deveta simfonija</a></i>. Mahler je također čvrsto vjerovao i u prokletstvo devete simfonije, te je zbog toga bio u strahu od skladanja numerirane devete simfonije. Vjeruje se da je to razlog zbog kojega nije dao broj simfonijskoj skladbi "Pjesme o zemlji" kad ju je počeo skladati nakon <i>Osme simfonije</i>, nego ju je jednostavno opisao kao <i>Eine Symphonie für eine Tenor- und eine Alt- (oder Bariton-) Stimme und Orchester (nach Hans Bethges "Die chinesische Flöte")</i> (<i>Simfonija za tenor i alt [ili bariton] i orkestar, prema "Kineskoj flauti" Hansa Bethgea</i>). To je djelo moguće tumačiti kao spoj ciklusa pjesama i simfonije. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>, koji je iznimno zaslužan za promidžbu i izvedbe Mahlerove glazbe nakon njegove smrti, prikazuje tu simfoniju kao proročku glazbenu izjavu krize klasične glazbe u 20. stoljeću. Ne samo da je Mahler znao kako neće dugo živjeti nakon dovršetka djela 1908., nego je – prema Bernsteinu – i kroz glazbu "prorekao" blisku smrt <a href="/wiki/Dur" title="Dur">durskih</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mol_(glazba)" title="Mol (glazba)">molskih</a> <a href="/wiki/Tonalitet" title="Tonalitet">tonaliteta</a>. Daljnje proširenje te ideje također navješćuje smrt faustovske kulture, a možda i cijelog čovječanstva (napetosti uoči <a href="/wiki/Prvi_svjetski_rat" title="Prvi svjetski rat">Prvog svjetskog rata</a> tada su već bile očite). </p><p>Mahlerovu nedovršenu <i>Desetu simfoniju</i> kasnije je orkestrirao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deryck_Cooke&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Deryck Cooke (stranica ne postoji)">Deryck Cooke</a>, uz blagoslov Alme Mahler. Iako Leonard Bernstein nikada nije izvodio ni snimao tu "realizaciju", neki su dirigenti – primjerice Sir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Rattle&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Rattle (stranica ne postoji)">Simon Rattle</a> – cijenili to Cookovo ostvarenje, te ga izvodili i snimali. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ostavština"><span id="Ostav.C5.A1tina"></span>Ostavština</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Uredi odlomak: Ostavština" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ostavština"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Mahler_conducting_caricature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Mahler_conducting_caricature.jpg/220px-Mahler_conducting_caricature.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Mahler_conducting_caricature.jpg/330px-Mahler_conducting_caricature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Mahler_conducting_caricature.jpg/440px-Mahler_conducting_caricature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1379" data-file-height="1743" /></a><figcaption>Mahler kao dirigent u <a href="/wiki/Karikatura" title="Karikatura">karikaturama</a> Hansa Schliessmanna</figcaption></figure> <p>Više nema kritičara koji inzistiraju na tome da je Mahlerova popularnost prolazna moda, no dok su njegov repertoar i mjesto u povijesti glazbe osigurani, trijeznu procjenu njegove ostavštine otežava nekoliko čimbenika. Npr. malo je zajedničkoga u stajalištima onih koji Mahlera cijene zbog njegove "emocionalne i duhovne iskrenosti" i njegovih jednako glasnih osporavatelja koji njegovu glazbu označavaju kao "plačljivu, neukusnu i sentimentalnu". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schmidt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Schmidt (stranica ne postoji)">Franz Schmidt</a> jasno se izjasnio opisujući Mahlerove simfonije kao "jeftine romane". Slična razlika dijeli one koji cijene i analiziraju njegove simfonije kao brižljivo orkestrirane i rigorozno organizirane u svojoj velikoj formi, dok drugi to isto smatraju neumjerenim, pompoznim, samozadovoljavajućim egotizmom. </p><p>I Mahlerovi strastveni obožavatelji katkada su na njega gledali isključivo kroz vlastite preokupacije, uključujući i glazbeno predskazivanje budućih događaja kao što su Prvi svjetski rat i <a href="/wiki/Holokaust" title="Holokaust">Holokaust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Strastveno opiranje Mahlerovom glazbenom izražaju katkada ima <a href="/wiki/Rasizam" title="Rasizam">rasističke</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nacionalizam" title="Nacionalizam">nacionalističke</a> tonove; mahlerovac Hans Keller tako navodi jednog uglednog britanskog kritičara: "Stvar je u tome da mi Mahlera ovdje jednostavno ne želimo." </p><p>Ovo dovodi do situacije koja je i danas prisutna u kojoj osporavatelji pokušavaju minimalizirati Mahlerovu ostavštinu, a štovatelji odgovaraju preuveličavajući je. Opreznu sredinu moguće je postići uzimajući u obzir zbroj čimbenika: <a href="/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat">Drugi svjetski rat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velika_depresija" class="mw-redirect" title="Velika depresija">ekonomsku depresiju</a>, izrazit austrijski <a href="/wiki/Antisemitizam" title="Antisemitizam">antisemitizam</a> (koji je bio toliko intenzivan da je Mahler 1897. bio primoran prijeći na <a href="/wiki/Katoli%C4%8Danstvo" title="Katoličanstvo">katolicizam</a> kako bi donekle poboljšao izglede za uspjeh), od čega su svi utjecali na smanjenje broja izvedbi i razumijevanje Mahlerove glazbe nakon <a href="/wiki/1911." title="1911.">1911.</a>, samim tim i njegov posmrtni utjecaj. </p><p>Tijekom koncertne turneje u <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finskoj</a> u studenom 1907. Mahler je rekao kolegi <a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Jeanu Sibeliusu</a> kako bi "simfonija trebala biti kao svijet: mora obuhvatiti sve" (<i>"die Symphonie muss sein wie die Welt. Sie muss alles umfassen"</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Provodeći tu filozofiju, oblik simfonije doveo je na novu razinu umjetničkoga razvoja povećavajući njene formalne okvire sve većim rasponom kontrasta između pojedinih stavaka (njegova šeststavačna <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simfonija_br._3_(Mahler)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simfonija br. 3 (Mahler) (stranica ne postoji)">Simfonija br. 3</a></i>, trajanja oko 95 minuta, najdulja je u cijelom simfonijskom repertoaru). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simfonija_br._8_(Mahler)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simfonija br. 8 (Mahler) (stranica ne postoji)">Simfoniju br. 8</a></i> praizvelo je otprilike tisuću izvođača, dok je uključivanje vokalnih i koralnih elemenata te tekstova – od narodne poezije, preko <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzschea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kineska_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Kineska književnost">kineske književnosti</a> i srednjovjekovnog katoličkog misticizma – uobličilo filozofski, ali i autobiografski sadržaj. Zanemarivane desetljećima nakon smrti, Mahlerove simfonije i orkestralne pjesme danas su dio središnjeg repertoara svih velikih simfonijskih orkestara diljem svijeta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utjecaj">Utjecaj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Uredi odlomak: Utjecaj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Utjecaj"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sch%C3%B6nberg" title="Arnold Schönberg">Arnold Schönberg</a>, koji je gotovo cijeli naraštaj mlađi od Mahlera, štuje ga kao "sveca", kao uzor koji je nesebično posvećen umjetnosti, velikodušan prema mlađim skladateljima i loše tretiran na isti način na koji je bio i sam Schönberg. No istodobno je pokazivao i neujednačen pristup njegovoj glazbi, pa je ponekad čak govorio da ga ona odbija. Ta ambivalentnost nije ga doduše spriječila da postane oštrouman analitičar Mahlerovih neregularnih melodijskih struktura, ili da javno brani njegovu <i>Sedmu simfoniju</i> od zajedljivosti jednog američkog kritičara. Nije ga to spriječilo ni da usvoji i čak rafinira masivne "mahlerovske" efekte u svojim skladbama "Gurrelieder" ili "Pelej i Melisanda", kao i da pokuša ostvariti "mahlerovsku" jasnoću solističkom ili komornom orkestracijom. </p><p>Za još mlađeg <a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Albana Berga</a>, značajniji je bio Mahlerov osobni nego glazbeni utjecaj (po njemu je Mahlerova tragična <i>Šesta simfonija</i> "jedina šesta, unatoč Beethovenovoj <i><a href="/wiki/Simfonija_br._6_(Beethoven)" title="Simfonija br. 6 (Beethoven)">Pastoralnoj</a></i>"), a "mahlerovski" elementi vidljivi su u mnogim njegovim djelima. Npr. dva udarca čekićem (u izvorniku tri) iz finala Mahlerove <i>Šeste simfonije</i> odjekuju u Bergovom djelu <i>Tri komada za orkestar</i>, u čiji je posljednji stavak uklopio sedam udaraca čekićem, kao i tematski materijal izrazito nalik Mahlerovu. </p><p>U slučaju <a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Antona Weberna</a>, koji je u početku glazbene karijere dirigirao izvedbama Mahlerovih simfonija, mogu se zamijetiti "mahlerovski" elementi u sveobuhvatnoj jasnoći glazbenog sloga, iako manji omjer i retorička razrijeđenost njegovih zrelijih djela upućuje da je "mahlerizme" teže naći nego u njegovim ranijim djelima. Također se povlače paralele između Webernove i Mahlerove privrženosti prirodi, osobito <a href="/wiki/Koru%C5%A1ka" class="mw-redirect" title="Koruška">koruškom</a> seoskom krajoliku.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prvi značajni nesuvremenici, koji su iznimno cijenili Mahlerova djela, bili su <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a> i <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_%C5%A0ostakovi%C4%8D" title="Dmitrij Šostakovič">Dmitrij Šostakovič</a>, od kojih su se obojica identificirala s elementima Mahlerovog osobnog i kreativnog karaktera, kao i s aspektima njegova glazbenog stila. Britten, koji je još kao student prvi put došao u doticaj s Mahlerovom glazbom kroz njegovu <i>Četvrtu simfoniju</i>, producirao je 'umanjenu' orkestralnu inačicu drugoga stavka <i>Treće simfonije</i>, a za života je također izvodio Mahlerovu glazbu kao dirigent i <a href="/wiki/Korepetitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Korepetitor">korepetitor</a>. I Britten i Šostakovič osobito su cijenili <i>Pjesmu o zemlji</i>, a nedvojbene referencije na to djelo zamjetne su u skladbama poput Brittenove "Fedre" i Šostakovičeve <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simfonija_br._4_(%C5%A0ostakovi%C4%8D)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simfonija br. 4 (Šostakovič) (stranica ne postoji)">Četvrte</a></i> i <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simfonija_br._10_(%C5%A0ostakovi%C4%8D)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simfonija br. 10 (Šostakovič) (stranica ne postoji)">Desete simfonije</a></i>. U <a href="/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države">Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama</a> na razvoj autentičnog "američkog" zvuka također je utjecao i Mahler, najuočljivije u <i>Koncertu za klarinet</i> <a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Bennyja Goodmana</a>. </p><p>Među drugim vodećim skladateljima, nesklonost Mahleru prije se može pripisati radikalno različitim kreativnim ciljevima nego nepriznavanju njegovih tehničkih sposobnosti. <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinski" title="Igor Stravinski">Igoru Stravinskom</a> Mahler je bio "malheur" (francuska riječ za "nesreću"), dok ga je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Vaughan_Williams&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams (stranica ne postoji)">Ralph Vaughan Williams</a> opisao kao "podnošljivu imitaciju skladatelja". No do kraja <a href="/wiki/20._stolje%C4%87e" title="20. stoljeće">20. stoljeća</a> Mahlerova kaleidoskopska orkestracija i motivski nezavisne linije u intenzivnoj <a href="/wiki/Polifonija" title="Polifonija">kontrapunktskoj</a> kombinaciji postale su jednom od odrednica glazbenog <a href="/wiki/Modernizam" title="Modernizam">modernizma</a>, a ranije šokantne značajke njegove glazbe – primjerice radikalni diskontinuitet, sklonost <a href="/wiki/Parodija" title="Parodija">parodiji</a>, citiranje (i samocitiranje), kao i izravno sučeljavanje "vrijednih" i "manje vrijednih" glazbenih stilova – postale su istaknute značajke <a href="/wiki/Postmodernizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodernizam">postmodernizma</a>. </p><p>Poput Šostakovičeve, Brittenove i Coplandove, Mahlerova je glazba snažno utjecala i na <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richarda Straussa</a>, rane simfonije Havegrala Briana, kao i na glazbu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Weill&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Weill (stranica ne postoji)">Kurta Weilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonarda Bernsteina</a> i <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Schnittke" title="Alfred Schnittke">Alfreda Schnittkea</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_von_Zemlinsky&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander von Zemlinsky (stranica ne postoji)">Alexander von Zemlinsky</a> je u svojoj "Lirskoj simfoniji" također bio nadahnut Mahlerovom "Pjesmom o zemlji". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sredina_i_kraj_20._stoljeća"><span id="Sredina_i_kraj_20._stolje.C4.87a"></span>Sredina i kraj 20. stoljeća</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Uredi odlomak: Sredina i kraj 20. stoljeća" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Sredina i kraj 20. stoljeća"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zbog zamjetnih teškoća u prihvaćanju njegovih djela, Mahler je govorio: "Doći će moje vrijeme." To vrijeme došlo je sredinom 20. stoljeća, u trenutku kada je razvoj <a href="/wiki/LP" class="mw-redirect" title="LP">LP</a> <a href="/wiki/Gramofonska_plo%C4%8Da" title="Gramofonska ploča">ploča</a> omogućio ponavljanje slušanja kompetentnih izvedbi dugih i kompleksnih simfonija. Do <a href="/wiki/1956." title="1956.">1956.</a> godine svaka Mahlerova simfonija (uključujući i <i>Pjesmu o zemlji</i> te uvodni stavak <i>Adagio</i> nedovršene <i>Desete simfonije</i>) bila je objavljena na gramofonskim pločama, ali i mnoge pojedinačne pjesme, zatim <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dje%C4%8Dakov_%C4%8Darobni_rog&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dječakov čarobni rog (stranica ne postoji)">Dječakov čarobni rog</a></i> te ostali ciklusi solo-pjesama. </p><p>Promican od skladatelja koji su ga poznavali, te mnogih dirigenata i posebice Leonarda Bernsteina, Mahlerova su djela postepeno osvojila i širu publiku. Krajem 20. stoljeća nove muzikološke metode dovele su do mnogobrojnih uređivanja njegovih djela, kao i do raznih pokušaja dovršavanja <i>Desete simfonije</i>, oko čega se osobito trudio britanski glazbenik i <a href="/wiki/Muzikologija" title="Muzikologija">muzikolog</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deryck_Cooke&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Deryck Cooke (stranica ne postoji)">Deryck Cooke</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mahler_u_popularnoj_kulturi">Mahler u popularnoj kulturi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Uredi odlomak: Mahler u popularnoj kulturi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mahler u popularnoj kulturi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iako se Mahlerovu glazbu nekoć smatralo "teškom", od <a href="/wiki/1960-ih" title="1960-ih">1960-ih</a> je stekla znatan utjecaj i u popularnoj kulturi. Mahlerovu se osobnost povezuje s osobnošću Gustava von Aschenbacha, lika u <a href="/wiki/Smrt_u_Veneciji_(1971.)" title="Smrt u Veneciji (1971.)">filmskoj</a> inačici novele <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomasa Manna</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smrt_u_Veneciji&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Smrt u Veneciji (stranica ne postoji)">Smrt u Veneciji</a></i>, u kojoj je von Aschenbach prikazan kao skladatelj čije skladbe ismijavaju. Glazba u filmu također rabi isječke iz Mahlerovih simfonija br. 3 i 4, te naročito <i>Adagietto</i> iz <i>Pete simfonije</i> koji je tako postao vrlo popularan i često se samostalno izvodio, npr. na pogrebu <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Kennedy">Roberta Kennedyja</a> <a href="/wiki/1968." title="1968.">1968.</a> </p><p>Mahlerova glazba često je korištena u filmovima i drugim medijima radi oslikavanja nemira ili boemske osobnosti. U filmskoj verziji igrokaza "Educating Rita", Ritina nova cimerica Trish ju pita: "Zar ne bi jednostavno <i>umrla</i> bez Mahlera?" (lik se kasnije predozira drogom). U romanu "Rekvijem za snove" <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Selby&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubert Selby (stranica ne postoji)">Huberta Selbyja</a> (ali ne i u filmu), Marion uživa slušajući Mahlerovu <i>Drugu simfoniju</i> nakon uzimanja <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroina</a>. Isječci iz Mahlerove <i>Sedme simfonije</i> pojavljuju se u filmu "Parting Glances", a <i>Prva simfonija</i> koristi se kao incidentalna glazba u filmu "Rubin i Ed". Mahler se također pojavljuje u epizodi serijala <i><a href="/wiki/Zvjezdane_staze:_Voyager" title="Zvjezdane staze: Voyager">Zvjezdane staze: Voyager</a></i>. </p><p>1974. godine <a href="/wiki/Ken_Russell" title="Ken Russell">Ken Russell</a> je snimio biografski film naslova "Mahler", koji vrlo slobodno opisuje skladateljev život. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Djela">Djela</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Uredi odlomak: Djela" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Djela"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simfonije_2">Simfonije</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Uredi odlomak: Simfonije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Simfonije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Mahler_Veni_creator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mahler_Veni_creator.jpg/220px-Mahler_Veni_creator.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mahler_Veni_creator.jpg/330px-Mahler_Veni_creator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mahler_Veni_creator.jpg/440px-Mahler_Veni_creator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1304" data-file-height="1949" /></a><figcaption><center>Prva stranica rukopisa Mahlerove <i>Osme simfonije</i></center></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="1501" data-mwtitle="Mahler_-_Symphony_N°_9_-_I_(B._Walter,_1938).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Datoteka:Mahler_-_Symphony_N%C2%B0_9_-_I_(B._Walter,_1938).ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/Mahler_-_Symphony_N%C2%B0_9_-_I_%28B._Walter%2C_1938%29.ogg/Mahler_-_Symphony_N%C2%B0_9_-_I_%28B._Walter%2C_1938%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Mahler_-_Symphony_N%C2%B0_9_-_I_%28B._Walter%2C_1938%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs=&quot;vorbis&quot;" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>1. stavak Mahlerove <i>Devete simfonije</i> – <a href="/wiki/Be%C4%8Dki_filharmoni%C4%8Dari" title="Bečki filharmoničari">Bečki filharmoničari</a>, dirigent: Bruno Walter</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simfonija_br._1_(Mahler)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simfonija br. 1 (Mahler) (stranica ne postoji)">Simfonija br. 1</a> u D-duru (?<a href="/wiki/1884." title="1884.">1884.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1888." title="1888.">1888.</a>; revidirana <a href="/wiki/1893." title="1893.">1893.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1896." title="1896.">1896.</a>; 2. nadopuna <a href="/wiki/1906." title="1906.">1906.</a>). <ul><li>Napomena: ova simfonija je isprva nazvana "Simfonijskom pjesmom", kasnije "Titan" (pretpostavlja se, prema Jeanu Paulu), što je Mahler doduše odbijao. Prvotno zamišljena u pet stavaka, drugi stavak "Blumine" izbačen je u posljednjoj reviziji.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simfonija_br._2_(Mahler)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simfonija br. 2 (Mahler) (stranica ne postoji)">Simfonija br. 2</a> u c-molu (<a href="/wiki/1888." title="1888.">1888.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1894." title="1894.">1894.</a>; revidirana <a href="/wiki/1903." title="1903.">1903.</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simfonija_br._3_(Mahler)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simfonija br. 3 (Mahler) (stranica ne postoji)">Simfonija br. 3</a> u d-molu (<a href="/wiki/1893." title="1893.">1893.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1896." title="1896.">1896.</a>; revidirana <a href="/wiki/1906." title="1906.">1906.</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simfonija_br._4_(Mahler)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simfonija br. 4 (Mahler) (stranica ne postoji)">Simfonija br. 4</a> u G-duru (<a href="/wiki/1892." title="1892.">1892.</a>, <a href="/wiki/1899." title="1899.">1899.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1900." title="1900.">1900.</a>; revidirana <a href="/wiki/1901." title="1901.">1901.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1910." title="1910.">1910.</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simfonija_br._5_(Mahler)" title="Simfonija br. 5 (Mahler)">Simfonija br. 5</a> (<a href="/wiki/1901." title="1901.">1901.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1902." title="1902.">1902.</a> - revidirana do kraja života <ul><li>Napomena: iako simfonija počinje u označenom cis-molu, treba imati na umu da je sam skladatelj u pismu izdavaču napomenuo "da je teško govoriti o tonalitetu za cijelu simfoniju i da je, da bi se izbjegli nesporazumi, tonalitet najbolje niti ne spominjati."</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simfonija_br._6_(Mahler)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simfonija br. 6 (Mahler) (stranica ne postoji)">Simfonija br. 6</a> u a-molu (<a href="/wiki/1903." title="1903.">1903.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1904." title="1904.">1904.</a>; revidirana <a href="/wiki/1906." title="1906.">1906.</a> i kasnije <ul><li>Napomena: na izvedbi u Beču 1907., naslov "Tragična" bio je dodan na posterima i programima, ali se ta riječ ne pojavljuje u partituri ni u izvorima.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simfonija_br._7_(Mahler)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simfonija br. 7 (Mahler) (stranica ne postoji)">Simfonija br. 7</a> u e-molu (<a href="/wiki/1904." title="1904.">1904.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1905." title="1905.">1905.</a>; kasnije stalno revidirana</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simfonija_br._8_(Mahler)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simfonija br. 8 (Mahler) (stranica ne postoji)">Simfonija br. 8</a> u Es-duru (<a href="/wiki/1906." title="1906.">1906.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1907." title="1907.">1907.</a>) <ul><li>Napomena: Naslov "Simfonija tisuće", iako popularan kod slušatelja, nije smislio Mahler. Ne pojavljuje se u partituri i ne koristi se u izvorima. Uistinu, Mahler se odlučno protivio tom nazivu za njegovu <i>Osmu simfoniju</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pjesma_o_zemlji&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pjesma o zemlji (stranica ne postoji)">Pjesma o zemlji</a></i> (podnaslov <i>Simfonija za tenor, alt [ili bariton] i orkestar, prema "Kineskoj flauti" Hansa Bethgea</i>) (<a href="/wiki/1908." title="1908.">1908.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1909." title="1909.">1909.</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simfonija_br._9_(Mahler)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simfonija br. 9 (Mahler) (stranica ne postoji)">Simfonija br. 9</a> u D-duru (<a href="/wiki/1908." title="1908.">1908.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1909." title="1909.">1909.</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simfonija_br._10_(Mahler)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simfonija br. 10 (Mahler) (stranica ne postoji)">Simfonija br. 10</a> (<a href="/wiki/1910." title="1910.">1910.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1911." title="1911.">1911.</a>) (nedovršena, postoji skica "od početka do kraja" od ukupno 1945 taktova, ali velik dio toga nije dorađen ni orkestriran.) <ul><li>Razne dorade skice <i>Desete simfonije</i>: <ul><li>Adagio (prvi stavak) i "Purgatorio" (treći stavak) pripremio je za izvedbu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Krenek&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Krenek (stranica ne postoji)">Ernst Krenek</a> s doprinosima <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schalk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Schalk (stranica ne postoji)">Franza Schalka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Albana Berga</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Zemlinsky&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Zemlinsky (stranica ne postoji)">Alexandra Zemlinskog</a> (<a href="/wiki/1924." title="1924.">1924.</a>)</li> <li>Joseph Wheeler, muzikolog, (<a href="/wiki/1948." title="1948.">1948.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1965." title="1965.">1965.</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deryck_Cooke&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Deryck Cooke (stranica ne postoji)">Deryck Cooke</a>, asistirali <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berthold_Goldschmidt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Berthold Goldschmidt (stranica ne postoji)">Berthold Goldschmidt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colin_Matthews&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Colin Matthews (stranica ne postoji)">Colin Matthews</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Matthews&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Matthews (stranica ne postoji)">David Matthews</a> (<a href="/wiki/1960." title="1960.">1960.</a>, <a href="/wiki/1964." title="1964.">1964.</a>, <a href="/wiki/1976." title="1976.">1976.</a>, <a href="/wiki/1989." title="1989.">1989.</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clinton_Carpenter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Clinton Carpenter (stranica ne postoji)">Clinton Carpenter</a> (<a href="/wiki/1966." title="1966.">1966.</a>)</li> <li>Remo Mazzetti, mlađi (<a href="/wiki/1989." title="1989.">1989.</a>)</li> <li>Rudolf Barshai (<a href="/wiki/2000." title="2000.">2000.</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicola_Samale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicola Samale (stranica ne postoji)">Nicola Samale</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Mazzucca&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Mazzucca (stranica ne postoji)">Giuseppe Mazzucca</a> (<a href="/wiki/2002." title="2002.">2002.</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Napomena: nekoliko značajnih dirigenata koji su izvodili Mahlerova djela, prije svega <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Walter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruno Walter (stranica ne postoji)">Bruno Walter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Haitink&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Haitink (stranica ne postoji)">Bernard Haitink</a> i Sir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Solti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Solti (stranica ne postoji)">Georg Solti</a> su, iz raznih razloga (npr. nedostatak kontrapunkta) odbijali izvoditi bilo koji od raznih "dovršetaka" <i>Desete simfonije</i> koji su im bili dostupni. Ovo odbijanje uključivalo je čak i Cookeovu verziju - unatoč tome što su Cooke i njegovi suradnici sami bili svjesni da nitko osim Mahlera ne može "dovršiti" tu simfoniju, a svoj rad opisivali kao isključivo "izvedbenu inačicu skice", a ne dovršetak.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vokalne_skladbe">Vokalne skladbe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Uredi odlomak: Vokalne skladbe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vokalne skladbe"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="253" data-mwtitle="Mahler_-_Kindertotenlieder,_III_(Anderson,_Monteux,_1950).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Datoteka:Mahler_-_Kindertotenlieder,_III_(Anderson,_Monteux,_1950).ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/Mahler_-_Kindertotenlieder%2C_III_%28Anderson%2C_Monteux%2C_1950%29.ogg/Mahler_-_Kindertotenlieder%2C_III_%28Anderson%2C_Monteux%2C_1950%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Mahler_-_Kindertotenlieder%2C_III_%28Anderson%2C_Monteux%2C_1950%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs=&quot;vorbis&quot;" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption><i>Kindertotenlieder: III. Wenn dein Mütterlein</i> – <a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a> i San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, dirigent: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Monteux&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Monteux (stranica ne postoji)">Pierre Monteux</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="187" data-mwtitle="Mahler_-_Kindertotenlieder,_IV_(Fischer-Dieskau,_Kempe,_1955).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Datoteka:Mahler_-_Kindertotenlieder,_IV_(Fischer-Dieskau,_Kempe,_1955).ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/Mahler_-_Kindertotenlieder%2C_IV_%28Fischer-Dieskau%2C_Kempe%2C_1955%29.ogg/Mahler_-_Kindertotenlieder%2C_IV_%28Fischer-Dieskau%2C_Kempe%2C_1955%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Mahler_-_Kindertotenlieder%2C_IV_%28Fischer-Dieskau%2C_Kempe%2C_1955%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs=&quot;vorbis&quot;" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption><i>Kindertotenlieder: IV. Oft denk' ich, sie sind nur ausgegangen</i> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietrich_Fischer-Dieskau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau (stranica ne postoji)">Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau</a> i <a href="/wiki/Berlinski_filharmoni%C4%8Dari" title="Berlinski filharmoničari">Berlinski filharmoničari</a>, dirigent: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Kempe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Kempe (stranica ne postoji)">Rudolf Kempe</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Das_klagende_Lied&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Das klagende Lied (stranica ne postoji)">Das klagende Lied</a></i>, kantata (<a href="/wiki/1880." title="1880.">1880.</a>; revidirana <a href="/wiki/1893." title="1893.">1893.</a>, <a href="/wiki/1898." title="1898.">1898.</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drei_Lieder_(Mahler)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Drei Lieder (Mahler) (stranica ne postoji)">Drei Lieder</a></i>, tri pjesme za tenor i glasovir (<a href="/wiki/1880." title="1880.">1880.</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieder_und_Ges%C3%A4nge_(Mahler)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lieder und Gesänge (Mahler) (stranica ne postoji)">Lieder und Gesänge</a></i>, 14 pjesama uz pratnju glasovira (<a href="/wiki/1880." title="1880.">1880.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1890." title="1890.">1890.</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieder_eines_fahrenden_Gesellen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen (stranica ne postoji)">Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen</a></i>, za glas uz pratnju klavira i orkestra (<a href="/wiki/1883." title="1883.">1883.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1885." title="1885.">1885.</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>(doslovno <i>Pjesme suputnika</i>, kod nas se prevodi kao <i>Pjesme putujećeg djetića</i>.)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieder_aus_%22Des_Knaben_Wunderhorn%22&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lieder aus &quot;Des Knaben Wunderhorn&quot; (stranica ne postoji)">Lieder aus "Des Knaben Wunderhorn"</a> (Dječakov čarobni rog)</i>, za glas uz pratnju klavira i orkestra (<a href="/wiki/1888." title="1888.">1888.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1896." title="1896.">1896.</a>; još dvije iz <a href="/wiki/1899." title="1899.">1899.</a> and <a href="/wiki/1901." title="1901.">1901.</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%BCckert_Lieder&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rückert Lieder (stranica ne postoji)">Rückert Lieder</a></i>, za glas uz pratnju klavira i orkestra (<a href="/wiki/1901." title="1901.">1901.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1902." title="1902.">1902.</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kindertotenlieder&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kindertotenlieder (stranica ne postoji)">Kindertotenlieder</a> (Pjesme mrtvoj djeci)</i>, za glas i orkestar (<a href="/wiki/1901." title="1901.">1901.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1904." title="1904.">1904.</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Das_Lied_von_der_Erde&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Das Lied von der Erde (stranica ne postoji)">Das Lied von der Erde</a> (Pjesma o Zemlji)</i> za alt (ili bariton), tenor i orkestar (<a href="/wiki/1908." title="1908.">1908.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1909." title="1909.">1909.</a>) <ul><li>Napomena: ovo djelo može se klasificirati i kao simfonija i kao ciklus pjesama. Vjeruje se da je Mahler izbjegavao numeriranje kako bi se suočio s praznovjernim strahom od prokletstva devete simfonije.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Komorne_skladbe">Komorne skladbe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Uredi odlomak: Komorne skladbe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Komorne skladbe"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klavirski_kvintet_(Mahler)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Klavirski kvintet (Mahler) (stranica ne postoji)">Klavirski kvintet</a> u a-molu (<a href="/wiki/1876." title="1876.">1876.</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Franklin, Grove online</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sydneysymphony.com/media/81427/PROG02_100218_Mahler8_SSO.pdf">Sydney Symphony – Gustav Mahler: Symphony of a Thousand</a> &#8194;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130414123629/http://www.sydneysymphony.com/media/81427/PROG02_100218_Mahler8_SSO.pdf">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a>&#32;od 14. travnja 2013. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>), pristupljeno 20. ožujka 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSYEOLwVfU8">Youtube – Mahler: Simfonija br. 8 / Bečki filharmoničari, dir. Bernstein</a>, pristupljeno 20. ožujka 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gustav-mahler.at/deutsch/index.asp">www.gustav-mahler.at – Gustav Mahler Komponierhäuschen</a> &#8194;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140208055646/http://gustav-mahler.at/deutsch/index.asp">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a>&#32;od 8. veljače 2014. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>), pristupljeno 20. ožujka 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter 1957., 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carr 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein, 1967.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Burnett-James 1989., 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Julian Johnson, <i>Webern and the Transformation of Nature</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">James 1985, 137. </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sestrinski_projekti">Sestrinski projekti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Uredi odlomak: Sestrinski projekti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Sestrinski projekti"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:100%; margin-left:calc(0.8em - 5px);"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td><td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica">Zajednički poslužitelj</a> ima još gradiva o temi <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gustav_Mahler" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a></b></td></tr><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/26px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></td><td><a href="https://hr.wikiquote.org/wiki/glavna_stranica" class="extiw" title="q:glavna stranica">Wikicitati</a> imaju zbirke citata o temi <b><a href="https://hr.wikiquote.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" class="extiw" title="q:Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mrežna_sjedišta"><span id="Mre.C5.BEna_sjedi.C5.A1ta"></span>Mrežna sjedišta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Uredi odlomak: Mrežna sjedišta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mrežna sjedišta"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="engleski jezik">(<span style="color:#606060; font-size:80%; position:relative; bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/Engl." class="mw-redirect" title="Engl.">engl.</a></span>)</span> <span style="cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="njemački jezik">(<span style="color:#606060; font-size:80%; position:relative; bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/Njem." class="mw-redirect" title="Njem.">njem.</a></span>)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gustav-mahler.org/english/">Međunarodno društvo Gustava Mahlera</a> &#8194;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120814202909/http://www.gustav-mahler.org/english/">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a>&#32;od 14. kolovoza 2012. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><span style="cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="engleski jezik">(<span style="color:#606060; font-size:80%; position:relative; bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/Engl." class="mw-redirect" title="Engl.">engl.</a></span>)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100125173518/http://www.musicaltimes.co.uk/archive/obits/191106mahler.html">Mahlerova osmrtnica iz časopisa "Musical Times", lipanj </a><a href="/wiki/1911." title="1911.">1911.</a> (stranica arhivirana 25. siječnja 2010.)</li> <li><span style="cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="engleski jezik">(<span style="color:#606060; font-size:80%; position:relative; bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/Engl." class="mw-redirect" title="Engl.">engl.</a></span>)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boydell.co.uk/4383345X.HTM"><i>Discovering Mahler</i></a> Četvrti i zadnji svezak studije o Mehlru Donalda Mitchella. (izdavač: The Boydell Press, 2007.)</li> <li><span style="cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="engleski jezik">(<span style="color:#606060; font-size:80%; position:relative; bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/Engl." class="mw-redirect" title="Engl.">engl.</a></span>)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/8d610e51-64b4-4654-b8df-064b0fb7a9d9">Profil Gustava Mahlera</a> na stranici <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>-a</li> <li><span style="cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="engleski jezik">(<span style="color:#606060; font-size:80%; position:relative; bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/Engl." class="mw-redirect" title="Engl.">engl.</a></span>)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150423235930/http://www.classical-composers.org/cgi-bin/ccd.cgi?comp=mahler">Profil Gustava Mahlera</a> na stranici "Classical Composers Database"</li> <li><span style="cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="engleski jezik">(<span style="color:#606060; font-size:80%; position:relative; bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/Engl." class="mw-redirect" title="Engl.">engl.</a></span>)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.net.au/plusfifty.html#engel">Project Gutenberg Australia, biografija Gustava Mahlera</a>, autor Gabriel Engel (1892. – 1952.)</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#9955BB; color:white;" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;background:#9955BB; color:white;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Romantizam" title="Predložak:Romantizam"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";background:#9955BB; color:white;;border:none;;">v</span></a>&#160;&#8226; <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Romantizam&amp;action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#9955BB; color:white;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Romantizam" title="Romantizam"><span style="color: white">Romantizam</span></a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-iznadispod" style=";background-color:#C9A0DC; text-align:center" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/18._stolje%C4%87e" title="18. stoljeće">XVIII. stoljeće</a> &#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/19._stolje%C4%87e" title="19. stoljeće">XIX. stoljeće</a></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background-color: #C9A0DC;;">Književnici</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/George_Gordon_Byron" title="George Gordon Byron">George Gordon Byron</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">François-René de Chateaubriand</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Theodor_Amadeus_Hoffmann" title="Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann">Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Friedrich Hölderlin</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">John Keats</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Alphonse de Lamartine</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi" title="Giacomo Leopardi">Giacomo Leopardi</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Ljermontov" title="Mihail Ljermontov">Mihail Ljermontov</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Adam Mickiewicz</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_de_Nerval" title="Gérard de Nerval">Gérard de Nerval</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Pu%C5%A1kin" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandar Puškin">Aleksandar Puškin</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Friedrich Schiller</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">Mary Shelley</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background-color: #C9A0DC;;">Skladatelji</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Milij_Aleksejevi%C4%8D_Balakirev" title="Milij Aleksejevič Balakirev">Milij Aleksejevič Balakirev</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Mo%C4%87na_gomilica" title="Moćna gomilica">Moćna gomilica</a>)</small>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Vincenzo Bellini</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Hector Berlioz</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bizet" title="Georges Bizet">Georges Bizet</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Anton Bruckner</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Borodin" title="Aleksandar Borodin">Aleksandar Borodin</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Gaetano Donizetti</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Antonín Dvořák</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Glinka" title="Mihail Glinka">Mihail Glinka</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Grieg" title="Edvard Grieg">Edvard Grieg</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Cezar_Antonovi%C4%8D_Kjui" title="Cezar Antonovič Kjui">Cezar Antonovič Kjui</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Vatroslav_Lisinski" title="Vatroslav Lisinski">Vatroslav Lisinski</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a>&#160;&#8226; <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gustav Mahler</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Modest_Musorgski" class="mw-redirect" title="Modest Musorgski">Modest Musorgski</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Nicolai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Nicolai (stranica ne postoji)">Otto Nicolai</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach" title="Jacques Offenbach">Jacques Offenbach</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini" title="Niccolò Paganini">Niccolò Paganini</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Giacomo Puccini</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Sergej_Rahmanjinov" title="Sergej Rahmanjinov">Sergej Rahmanjinov</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Rimski-Korsakov" title="Nikolaj Rimski-Korsakov">Nikolaj Rimski-Korsakov</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Gioacchino_Rossini" class="mw-redirect" title="Gioacchino Rossini">Gioacchino Rossini</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Franz Schubert</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Camille Saint-Saëns</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana" title="Bedřich Smetana">Bedřich Smetana</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Johann_Strauss_stariji" title="Johann Strauss stariji">Johann Strauss stariji</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Johann_Strauss_mla%C4%91i" title="Johann Strauss mlađi">Johann Strauss mlađi</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Francisco_T%C3%A1rrega" title="Francisco Tárrega">Francisco Tárrega</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Petar_Ilji%C4%8D_%C4%8Cajkovski" title="Petar Iljič Čajkovski">Petar Iljič Čajkovski</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Carl Maria von Weber</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Ivan_pl._Zajc" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan pl. Zajc">Ivan pl. Zajc</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background-color: #C9A0DC;;">Umjetnici</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Pavlovi%C4%8D_Brijulov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Pavlovič Brijulov (stranica ne postoji)">Karl Pavlovič Brijulov</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">John Constable</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Camille_Corot" title="Camille Corot">Camille Corot</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Caspar_David_Friedrich" title="Caspar David Friedrich">Caspar David Friedrich</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault" title="Théodore Géricault">Théodore Géricault</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Francisco Goya</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0kola_rijeke_Hudson" title="Škola rijeke Hudson">Škola rijeke Hudson</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Emanuel Leutze</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pokret_Nazarene&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pokret Nazarene (stranica ne postoji)">Pokret Nazarene</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Palmer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Palmer (stranica ne postoji)">Samuel Palmer</a>&#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" class="mw-redirect" title="J. M. W. Turner">J. M. W. Turner</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background-color: #C9A0DC;;">Filozofija</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Johann Gottlieb Fichte</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn" title="Friedrich Ludwig Jahn">Friedrich Ludwig Jahn</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling">Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background-color: #C9A0DC;;">Kultura romantizma</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Boem" title="Boem">Boem</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eskapizam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eskapizam (stranica ne postoji)">Eskapizam</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanti%C4%8Dki_nacionalizam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Romantički nacionalizam (stranica ne postoji)">Romantički nacionalizam</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-iznadispod" style=";background-color:#C9A0DC; text-align:center" colspan="2">&lt;&lt; <a href="/wiki/Prosvjetiteljstvo" title="Prosvjetiteljstvo">Prosvjetiteljstvo</a>&#160;&#8226; Realizam <small>(u <a href="/wiki/Realizam_(knji%C5%BEevnost)" title="Realizam (književnost)">književnosti</a>, u <a href="/wiki/Realizam_(likovna_umjetnost)" title="Realizam (likovna umjetnost)">likovnoj umjetnosti</a>)</small> &gt;&gt;</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐f8b64f7bf‐5ph72 Cached time: 20241114132349 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.172 seconds Real time usage: 0.490 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1573/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30232/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 15509/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5077/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 93.492 1 -total 32.12% 30.026 1 Predložak:Izvori 27.07% 25.306 1 Predložak:Romantizam 22.02% 20.590 1 Predložak:Navigacija 18.02% 16.843 3 Predložak:Webarchive 12.99% 12.146 3 Predložak:DatumFormat 12.69% 11.863 1 Predložak:Izdvojeni_članak 9.82% 9.183 1 Predložak:Skladatelj 9.31% 8.708 1 Predložak:Top_icon 6.93% 6.480 1 Predložak:Tnavbar --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key hrwiki:pcache:idhash:20794-0!canonical and timestamp 20241114132349 and revision id 6647193. 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