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searchaux" style="display:none">Lawyer who represents a municipality</div> <p>A <b>city attorney</b> is a position in <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">city and municipal government</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. The city attorney is the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_at_law_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney at law (United States)">attorney</a> representing the municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_-_city_attorney_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merriam-Webster_-_city_attorney-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike a <a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">district attorney</a> or <a href="/wiki/Public_defender" title="Public defender">public defender</a>, who usually handles criminal cases, a city attorney generally handles civil cases, advising the city on legal matters and representing it in court.<sup id="cite_ref-Palla_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palla-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> City attorneys may advise city officials on a wide range of city business, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Nuisance" title="Nuisance">nuisances</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tax_law" title="Tax law">tax law</a> to <a href="/wiki/Municipal_annexation" title="Municipal annexation">municipal annexations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palla_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palla-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A city attorney also advises the city's legislative body (such as a <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a>) on the legality of proposed actions and assists in the drafting of <a href="/wiki/City_ordinance" class="mw-redirect" title="City ordinance">city ordinances</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resolution_(law)" title="Resolution (law)">resolutions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palla_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palla-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some jurisdictions, city attorneys also function as <a href="/wiki/Prosecutor" title="Prosecutor">prosecutors</a>, pursuing low-level criminal cases against persons charged with violating city ordinances, such as those relating to <a href="/wiki/Public_drunkenness" class="mw-redirect" title="Public drunkenness">public drunkenness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traffic_violation" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic violation">traffic violations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">zoning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Building_code" title="Building code">building codes</a>, and municipal health regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-Palla_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palla-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In California, city attorneys have the power to seek <a href="/wiki/Gang_injunction" title="Gang injunction">gang injunctions</a> in a civil proceeding in <a href="/wiki/California_state_courts" class="mw-redirect" title="California state courts">California state courts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The client of the city attorney is the city, and the city attorney is typically responsible to both the <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a> and the <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a>. When the mayor and the city council disagree, or when city council members disagree among themselves, this can cause complexities,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as the application and waiver of the <a href="/wiki/Attorney%E2%80%93client_privilege" title="Attorney–client privilege">attorney–client privilege</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some areas, the position of city attorney is a part-time position based on a retainer agreement, and city attorneys engage in the outside <a href="/wiki/Private_practice_of_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Private practice of law">private practice of law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cities, the city attorney is elected, while in other cities, the city attorney is appointed. For example, in California, most large cities (including <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>) have elected city attorneys, while most of smaller cities appoint their city attorneys.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cities, the city attorney position is very powerful. For example, the elected position of <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_City_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco City Attorney">San Francisco City Attorney</a> is important due to the large array of duties associated with the office. Unlike all other <a href="/wiki/California_counties" class="mw-redirect" title="California counties">California counties</a>, San Francisco is a <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">consolidated city-county</a>, meaning that the San Francisco City Attorney handles legal duties in areas that would in other counties be the responsibility of the county counsel (such as county health and social services functions) as well as the duties of all California city attorneys (police and fire). The San Francisco city attorney is also unusually powerful because of the broad scope of properties and activities operated by the city and county government (including land ownership in <a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Mateo County">San Mateo County</a>); for example, the city owns the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_International_Airport" title="San Francisco International Airport">San Francisco International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Springs_Reservoir" title="Crystal Springs Reservoir">Crystal Springs Reservoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Park_Golf_Course" title="Sharp Park Golf Course">Sharp Park Golf Course</a>, San Francisco Employees' Retirement System, and <a href="/wiki/Port_of_San_Francisco" title="Port of San Francisco">Port of San Francisco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_attorney&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local government in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_counsel" title="Corporation counsel">Corporation counsel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_attorney&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Merriam-Webster_-_city_attorney-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_-_city_attorney_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/legal/city%20attorney">"City attorney"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster#Services" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=City+attorney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Flegal%2Fcity%2520attorney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+attorney" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palla-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palla_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palla_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palla_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palla_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ferdinand P. Palla, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2648&context=lawreview">The Role of a City Attorney</a>, 2 <i>Santa Clara Lawyer</i> 171 (1962).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greg Ridgeway, Jeffrey Grogger, Ruth A. Moyer & John M. MacDonald, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10940-018-9396-7">Effect of Gang Injunctions on Crime: A Study of Los Angeles from 1988–2014</a>, <i>Journal of Quantitative Criminology</i>, vol. 35, pp. 517–541 (2019).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karen M. Hennigan & David Sloane, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1745-9133.12000">Improving Civil Gang Injunctions: How Implementation Can Affect Gang Dynamics, Crime, and Violence</a>, <i>Criminology & Public Policy</i>, vol. 12, issue 1 (February 2013), pp. 7-41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scott E. Atkinson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr/vol59/iss5/4/">Note, The Outer Limits of Gang Injunctions</a>, 59 Vand. L. Rev. 1693 (2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brigham Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/tmcjpcl11">Who's the Boss? 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Ivan Legler, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/976064">City Managers and City Attorneys: Associates or Adversaries?</a>, <i>Public Administration Review</i>, Vol. 47, No. 5 (Sep.-Oct. 1987), pp. 393-403.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Garrick, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/communities/san-diego/story/2020-03-13/san-diego-considering-if-city-attorney-job-should-be-appointed-instead-of-elected">San Diego may make city attorney job appointed instead of elected</a>, <i>San Diego Union-Tribune</i> (March 13, 2020).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louise Renne, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev/vol47/iss2/6/">The Office of the City Attorney of San Francisco</a>, 47 Golden Gate U. 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Rev. 125 (2017).</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=City_attorney&oldid=1160533605">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=City_attorney&oldid=1160533605</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:City_and_town_attorneys_in_the_United_States" title="Category:City and town attorneys in the United States">City and town attorneys in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_occupations" title="Category:Government occupations">Government occupations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prosecution" title="Category:Prosecution">Prosecution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lawyers_by_type" title="Category:Lawyers by type">Lawyers by type</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 June 2023, at 03:18<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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