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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nominal solar radius</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nominal_solar_radius-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonradius" title="Sonradius – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sonradius" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%81_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="نصف قطر شمسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نصف قطر شمسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiu_solar" title="Radiu solar – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Radiu solar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%81" title="Сонечны радыус – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сонечны радыус" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Сонечны радыюс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сонечны радыюс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Слънчев радиус – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Слънчев радиус" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radi_solar" title="Radi solar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Radi solar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81%C4%95" title="Хĕвел радиусĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хĕвел радиусĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polom%C4%9Br_Slunce" title="Poloměr Slunce – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Poloměr Slunce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solens_radius" title="Solens radius – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Solens radius" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnenradius" title="Sonnenradius – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sonnenradius" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_solar" title="Radio solar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Radio solar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suna_radiuso" title="Suna radiuso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Suna radiuso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eguzki_erradio" title="Eguzki erradio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eguzki erradio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="شعاع خورشیدی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شعاع خورشیدی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayon_solaire" title="Rayon solaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rayon solaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EB%B0%98%EA%B2%BD" title="태양반경 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태양반경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB_%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B2" title="Արեգակի շառավիղ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արեգակի շառավիղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="सौर अर्धव्यास – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सौर अर्धव्यास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jari-jari_Matahari" title="Jari-jari Matahari – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jari-jari Matahari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raggio_solare" title="Raggio solare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Raggio solare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9" title="רדיוס שמש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רדיוס שמש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="მზის რადიუსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მზის რადიუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusukipenyo_ya_Jua" title="Nusukipenyo ya Jua – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nusukipenyo ya Jua" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyon_sol%C3%A8" title="Reyon solè – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Reyon solè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonneradius" title="Sonneradius – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sonneradius" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nap-sug%C3%A1r" title="Nap-sugár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nap-sugár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Сончев полупречник – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сончев полупречник" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सौर त्रिज्या – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सौर त्रिज्या" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jejari_suria" title="Jejari suria – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jejari suria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%A1%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="နေအချင်းဝက် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နေအချင်းဝက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonneradius" title="Zonneradius – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zonneradius" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="太陽半径 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="太陽半径" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solradius" title="Solradius – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Solradius" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A7_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B8" title="ਸੌਰ ਅਰਧ ਵਿਆਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੌਰ ਅਰਧ ਵਿਆਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promie%C5%84_S%C5%82o%C5%84ca" title="Promień Słońca – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Promień Słońca" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raio_solar" title="Raio solar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Raio solar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raz%C4%83_solar%C4%83" title="Rază solară – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rază solară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Солнечный радиус – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Солнечный радиус" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radius" title="Solar radius – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Solar radius" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raggiu_sulari" title="Raggiu sulari – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Raggiu sulari" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radius" title="Solar radius – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Solar radius" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polomer_Slnka" title="Polomer Slnka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Polomer Slnka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son%C4%8Dev_polmer" title="Sončev polmer – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sončev polmer" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D1%81" title="Сунчев радијус – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сунчев радијус" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auringon_s%C3%A4de" title="Auringon säde – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Auringon säde" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solradie" title="Solradie – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Solradie" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சூரிய ஆரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சூரிய ஆரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%82" title="సౌర వ్యాసార్థం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సౌర వ్యాసార్థం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="รัศมีดวงอาทิตย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัศมีดวงอาทิตย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unit of measurement</div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Conversion of nominal solar radius </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>1 <var>R</var><sub>☉</sub> = </th> <th>Units </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008695700000000000♠"></span>6.957<span style="margin-left:.25em;">00</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>8</sup></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">metres</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>695,700</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">kilometres</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0.00465047</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">astronomical unit</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>432,288</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">miles</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6992735355000000000♠"></span>7.353<span style="margin-left:.25em;">55</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−8</sup></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Light-year" title="Light-year">light-year</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6992225461000000000♠"></span>2.254<span style="margin-left:.25em;">61</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−8</sup></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">parsec</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.32061</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Light-second" title="Light-second">light-seconds</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Solar radius</b> is a unit of <a href="/wiki/Distance" title="Distance">distance</a> used to express the size of <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">stars</a> in <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a> relative to the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>. The solar <a href="/wiki/Radius" title="Radius">radius</a> is usually defined as the radius to the layer in the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Photosphere" title="Photosphere">photosphere</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Optical_depth_(astrophysics)" title="Optical depth (astrophysics)">optical depth</a> equals 2/3:<sup id="cite_ref-Hab2008_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hab2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1\,R_{\odot }=6.957\times 10^{8}{\hbox{ m}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⊙</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>6.957</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> m</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1\,R_{\odot }=6.957\times 10^{8}{\hbox{ m}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c52f522bc23f3b0daba9cc0da8b07cbaf7aa5697" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:21.956ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1\,R_{\odot }=6.957\times 10^{8}{\hbox{ m}}}"></span> </p><p>695,700 kilometres (432,300 miles) is approximately 10 times <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_radius" title="Jupiter radius">the average radius</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>, 109 times <a href="/wiki/Earth_radius" title="Earth radius">the radius</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, and 1/215th of an <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">astronomical unit</a>, the approximate distance between Earth and the Sun. The solar radius to either pole and that to the equator differ slightly due to the Sun's <a href="/wiki/Stellar_rotation" title="Stellar rotation">rotation</a>, which induces an <a href="/wiki/Flattening" title="Flattening">oblateness</a> in the order of 10 parts per million.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Measurements">Measurements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_radius&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Measurements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solar_evolution_(English).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Solar_evolution_%28English%29.svg/310px-Solar_evolution_%28English%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Solar_evolution_%28English%29.svg/465px-Solar_evolution_%28English%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Solar_evolution_%28English%29.svg/620px-Solar_evolution_%28English%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption>Evolution of the <a href="/wiki/Solar_luminosity" title="Solar luminosity">solar luminosity</a>, radius and <a href="/wiki/Effective_temperature" title="Effective temperature">effective temperature</a> compared to the present-day Sun. After Ribas (2009)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The uncrewed <a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> spacecraft was used to measure the radius of the Sun by timing transits of Mercury across the surface during 2003 and 2006. The result was a measured radius of 696,342 ± 65 kilometres (432,687 ± 40 miles).<sup id="cite_ref-arxiv1203_4898_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arxiv1203_4898-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Haberreiter, Schmutz & Kosovichev (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-Hab2008_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hab2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> determined the radius corresponding to the solar photosphere to be 695,660 ± 140 kilometres (432,263 ± 87 miles). This new value is consistent with helioseismic estimates; the same study showed that previous estimates using inflection point methods had been overestimated by approximately 300 km (190 mi). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nominal_solar_radius">Nominal solar radius</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_radius&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nominal solar radius"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> passed Resolution B3, which defined a set of nominal conversion constants for stellar and planetary <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>. Resolution B3 defined the <i>nominal solar radius</i> (symbol <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R_{\odot }^{N}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⊙</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R_{\odot }^{N}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c9db70e1e155bbf32599dea568910e9f6b8d350f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.455ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R_{\odot }^{N}}"></span>) to be equal to <i>exactly</i> <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008695700000000000♠"></span>695<span style="margin-left:.25em;">700</span> km</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-IAU2015resB3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAU2015resB3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nominal value, which is the rounded value, within the uncertainty, given by Haberreiter, Schmutz & Kosovichev (2008), was adopted to help astronomers avoid confusion when quoting stellar radii in units of the Sun's radius, even when future observations will likely refine the Sun's actual photospheric radius (which is currently<sup id="cite_ref-Mef2018_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mef2018-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only known to about an accuracy of ±<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005100000000000000♠"></span>100–200 km</span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_radius&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solar radii as a unit are common when describing spacecraft moving close to the sun. Two spacecraft in the 2010s include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> (as close as <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7010313065000000000♠"></span>45 <i>R</i><sub>☉</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">Parker Solar Probe</a> (as close as <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7009626130000000000♠"></span>9 <i>R</i><sub>☉</sub></span>)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Radius of another objects relative to the Sun's radius </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Radius <span class="nowrap">(Solar radius)</span> </th> <th>Radius (<a href="/wiki/Kilometers" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilometers">kilometers</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7011594000000000000♠"></span>5.94<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>11</sup></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7017413400000000000♠"></span>4.134<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>17</sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/WOH_G64" title="WOH G64">WOH G64</a> (largest known star) </td> <td>1,540<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7009107137800000000♠"></span>1,071,378,000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UY_Scuti" title="UY Scuti">UY Scuti</a> </td> <td>909<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008632400000000000♠"></span>632,400,000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Betelgeuse" title="Betelgeuse">Betelgeuse</a> </td> <td>764<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008531500000000000♠"></span>531,500,000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antares" title="Antares">Antares</a> A </td> <td>680<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008473076000000000♠"></span>473,076,000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigel" title="Rigel">Rigel</a> A </td> <td>74.1<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007515500000000000♠"></span>51,550,000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aldebaran" title="Aldebaran">Aldebaran</a> </td> <td>45.1<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007313750000000000♠"></span>31,375,000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arcturus" title="Arcturus">Arcturus</a> </td> <td>25.4<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007176700000000000♠"></span>17,670,000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pollux_(star)" title="Pollux (star)">Pollux</a> </td> <td>9.06<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006630000000000000♠"></span>6,300,000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sirius" title="Sirius">Sirius</a> A </td> <td>1.711<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006119035000000000♠"></span>1,190,350</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#faf86b;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005695700000000000♠"></span>695,700</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Proxima_Centauri" title="Proxima Centauri">Proxima Centauri</a> </td> <td>0.1542<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005107275000000000♠"></span>107,275</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> </td> <td>0.1028 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004714920000000000♠"></span>71,492</span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> </td> <td>0.0866 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004602680000000000♠"></span>60,268</span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a> </td> <td>0.03673 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004255590000000000♠"></span>25,559</span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a> </td> <td>0.03559 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004247640000000000♠"></span>24,764</span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> </td> <td>0.009168 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003637800000000000♠"></span>6,378</span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> </td> <td>0.00869 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003605180000000000♠"></span>6,051.8</span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> </td> <td>0.00488 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003339619000000000♠"></span>3,396.19</span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> </td> <td>0.0035 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003244053000000000♠"></span>2,440.53</span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> </td> <td>0.0025 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003173810000000000♠"></span>1,738.1</span><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> </td> <td>0.0017 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003118830000000000♠"></span>1,188.3</span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_radius&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">Astronomical unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_radius" title="Earth radius">Earth radius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_radius" title="Jupiter radius">Jupiter radius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_stars" title="List of largest stars">List of largest stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(length)" title="Orders of magnitude (length)">Orders of magnitude (length)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_luminosity" title="Solar luminosity">Solar luminosity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_mass" title="Solar mass">Solar mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_parallax" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar parallax">Solar parallax</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_radius&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hab2008-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hab2008_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hab2008_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHaberreiterSchmutzKosovichev2008" class="citation cs2">Haberreiter, M; Schmutz, W; Kosovichev, A.G. 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"Proxima's orbit around Alpha Centauri". <i>Astronomy & Astrophysics</i>. <b>598</b>: L7. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.03495">1611.03495</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017A&A...598L...7K">2017A&A...598L...7K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201629930">10.1051/0004-6361/201629930</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6361">0004-6361</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+%26+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=Proxima%27s+orbit+around+Alpha+Centauri&rft.volume=598&rft.pages=L7&rft.date=2017-02&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1611.03495&rft.issn=0004-6361&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201629930&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017A%26A...598L...7K&rft.aulast=Kervella&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Th%C3%A9venin%2C+F.&rft.au=Lovis%2C+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolar+radius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/phys_par.html">"Planetary Physical Parameters"</a>. <i>Jet Propulsion Laboratory</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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M. Brown; <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Christensen-Dalsgaard" title="Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard">J. Christensen-Dalsgaard</a> (1998). "Accurate Determination of the Solar Photospheric Radius". <i>Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. <b>500</b> (2): L195. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9803131">astro-ph/9803131</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998ApJ...500L.195B">1998ApJ...500L.195B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F311416">10.1086/311416</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13875360">13875360</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrophysical+Journal+Letters&rft.atitle=Accurate+Determination+of+the+Solar+Photospheric+Radius&rft.volume=500&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=L195&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F9803131&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13875360%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F311416&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998ApJ...500L.195B&rft.au=T.+M.+Brown&rft.au=J.+Christensen-Dalsgaard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolar+radius" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_radius_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth radius (unit)">Earth radius</a> (<var>R</var><sub>🜨</sub> or <i>R<sub>E</sub></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light-second" title="Light-second">Light-second</a> (ls)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Solar radius</a> (<var>R</var><sub>☉</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigametre" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigametre">gigametre</a> (Gm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">Astronomical unit</a> (au)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terametre" class="mw-redirect" title="Terametre">terametre</a> (Tm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light-year" title="Light-year">light-year</a> (ly)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">parsec</a> (pc)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiloparsec" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiloparsec">kiloparsec</a> (kpc)</li> <li><a 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