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method</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: design method"> <meta name="keywords" content="design method"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="design method"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 28486</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: design method</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28486</span> Comparison of Allowable Stress Method and Time History Response Analysis for Seismic Design of Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayuri%20Inoue">Sayuri Inoue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naohiro%20Nakamura"> Naohiro Nakamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsubasa%20Hamada"> Tsubasa Hamada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The seismic design method of buildings is classified into two types: static design and dynamic design. The static design is a design method that exerts static force as seismic force and is a relatively simple design method created based on the experience of seismic motion in the past 100 years. At present, static design is used for most of the Japanese buildings. Dynamic design mainly refers to the time history response analysis. It is a comparatively difficult design method that input the earthquake motion assumed in the building model and examine the response. Currently, it is only used for skyscrapers and specific buildings. In the present design standard in Japan, it is good to use either the design method of the static design and the dynamic design in the medium and high-rise buildings. However, when actually designing middle and high-rise buildings by two kinds of design methods, the relatively simple static design method satisfies the criteria, but in the case of a little difficult dynamic design method, the criterion isn't often satisfied. This is because the dynamic design method was built with the intention of designing super high-rise buildings. In short, higher safety is required as compared with general buildings, and criteria become stricter. The authors consider applying the dynamic design method to general buildings designed by the static design method so far. The reason is that application of the dynamic design method is reasonable for buildings that are out of the conventional standard structural form such as emphasizing design. For the purpose, it is important to compare the design results when the criteria of both design methods are arranged side by side. In this study, we performed time history response analysis to medium-rise buildings that were actually designed with allowable stress method. Quantitative comparison between static design and dynamic design was conducted, and characteristics of both design methods were examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buildings" title="buildings">buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20design" title=" seismic design"> seismic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allowable%20stress%20design" title=" allowable stress design"> allowable stress design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20history%20response%20analysis" title=" time history response analysis"> time history response analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese%20seismic%20code" title=" Japanese seismic code"> Japanese seismic code</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99520/comparison-of-allowable-stress-method-and-time-history-response-analysis-for-seismic-design-of-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28485</span> Product Form Bionic Design Based on Eye Tracking Data: A Case Study of Desk Lamp</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huan%20Lin">Huan Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liwen%20Pang"> Liwen Pang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to reduce the ambiguity and uncertainty of product form bionic design, a product form bionic design method based on eye tracking is proposed. The eye-tracking experiment is designed to calculate the average time ranking of the specific parts of the bionic shape that the subjects are looking at. Key bionic shape is explored through the experiment and then applied to a desk lamp bionic design. During the design case, FAHP (Fuzzy Analytic Hierachy Process) and SD (Semantic Differential) method are firstly used to identify consumer emotional perception model toward desk lamp before product design. Through investigating different desk lamp design elements and consumer views, the form design factors on the desk lamp product are reflected and all design schemes are sequenced after caculation. Desk lamp form bionic design method is combined the key bionic shape extracted from eye-tracking experiment and priority of desk lamp design schemes. This study provides an objective and rational method to product form bionic design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bionic%20design%3B%20Form%3B%20Eye%20tracking%3B%20FAHP%3B%20Desk%20lamp" title="Bionic design; Form; Eye tracking; FAHP; Desk lamp">Bionic design; Form; Eye tracking; FAHP; Desk lamp</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100951/product-form-bionic-design-based-on-eye-tracking-data-a-case-study-of-desk-lamp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28484</span> Ductility Spectrum Method for the Design and Verification of Structures </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Chikh">B. Chikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Moussa"> L. Moussa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Bechtoula"> H. Bechtoula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Mehani"> Y. Mehani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zerzour"> A. Zerzour </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents a new method, applicable to evaluation and design of structures has been developed and illustrated by comparison with the capacity spectrum method (CSM, ATC-40). This method uses inelastic spectra and gives peak responses consistent with those obtained when using the nonlinear time history analysis. Hereafter, the seismic demands assessment method is called in this paper DSM, Ductility Spectrum Method. It is used to estimate the seismic deformation of Single-Degree-Of-Freedom (SDOF) systems based on DDRS, Ductility Demand Response Spectrum, developed by the author. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20demand" title="seismic demand">seismic demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity" title=" capacity"> capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inelastic%20spectra" title=" inelastic spectra"> inelastic spectra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20and%20structure" title=" design and structure"> design and structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1850/ductility-spectrum-method-for-the-design-and-verification-of-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28483</span> Method of Visual Prosthesis Design Based on Biologically Inspired Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shen%20Jian">Shen Jian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hu%20Jie"> Hu Jie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhu%20Guo%20Niu"> Zhu Guo Niu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng%20Ying%20Hong"> Peng Ying Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are two issues exited in the traditional visual prosthesis: lacking systematic method and the low level of humanization. To tackcle those obstacles, a visual prosthesis design method based on biologically inspired design is proposed. Firstly, a constrained FBS knowledge cell model is applied to construct the functional model of visual prosthesis in biological field. Then the clustering results of engineering domain are ob-tained with the use of the cross-domain knowledge cell clustering algorithm. Finally, a prototype system is designed to support the bio-logically inspired design where the conflict is digested by TRIZ and other tools, and the validity of the method is verified by the solution scheme <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge-based%20engineering" title="knowledge-based engineering">knowledge-based engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20prosthesis" title=" visual prosthesis"> visual prosthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biologically%20inspired%20design" title=" biologically inspired design"> biologically inspired design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20engineering" title=" biomedical engineering"> biomedical engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87977/method-of-visual-prosthesis-design-based-on-biologically-inspired-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87977.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28482</span> Stable Tending Control of Complex Power Systems: An Example of Localized Design of Power System Stabilizers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenjuan%20Du">Wenjuan Du</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The phase compensation method was proposed based on the concept of the damping torque analysis (DTA). It is a method for the design of a PSS (power system stabilizer) to suppress local-mode power oscillations in a single-machine infinite-bus power system. This paper presents the application of the phase compensation method for the design of a PSS in a multi-machine power system. The application is achieved by examining the direct damping contribution of the stabilizer to the power oscillations. By using linearized equal area criterion, a theoretical proof to the application for the PSS design is presented. Hence PSS design in the paper is an example of stable tending control by localized method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20compensation%20method" title="phase compensation method">phase compensation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20system%20small-signal%20stability" title=" power system small-signal stability"> power system small-signal stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20system%20stabilizer" title=" power system stabilizer"> power system stabilizer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17834/stable-tending-control-of-complex-power-systems-an-example-of-localized-design-of-power-system-stabilizers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">641</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28481</span> Optimization of Three-Layer Corrugated Metal Gasket by Using Finite Element Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I%20Made%20Gatot%20Karohika">I Made Gatot Karohika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeyuki%20Haruyama"> Shigeyuki Haruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ken%20Kaminishi"> Ken Kaminishi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we proposed a three-layer metal gasket with Al, Cu, and SUS304 as the material, respectively. A finite element method was employed to develop simulation solution and design of experiment (DOE). Taguchi method was used to analysis the effect of each parameter design and predicts optimal design of new 25A-size three layer corrugated metal gasket. The L18 orthogonal array of Taguchi method was applied to design experiment matrix for eight factors with three levels. Based on elastic mode and plastic mode, optimum design gasket is gasket with core metal SUS304, surface layer aluminum, p1 = 4.5 mm, p2 = 4.5 mm, p3 = 4 mm, Tg = 1.2 mm, R = 3.5 mm, h = 0.4 mm and Ts = 0.3 mm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20width" title="contact width">contact width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20stress" title=" contact stress"> contact stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer" title=" layer"> layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20gasket" title=" metal gasket"> metal gasket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrugated" title=" corrugated"> corrugated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72207/optimization-of-three-layer-corrugated-metal-gasket-by-using-finite-element-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28480</span> Determination of Starting Design Parameters for Reactive-Dividing Wall Distillation Column Simulation Using a Modified Shortcut Design Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20P.%20Anies">Anthony P. Anies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20C.%20Mu%C3%B1oz"> Jose C. Muñoz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new shortcut method for the design of reactive-dividing wall columns (RDWC) is proposed in this work. The RDWC is decomposed into its thermodynamically equivalent configuration naming the Petlyuk column, which consists of a reactive prefractionator and an unreactive main fractionator. The modified FUGK(Fenske-Underwood-Gilliland-Kirkbride) shortcut distillation method, which incorporates the effect of reaction on the Underwood equations and the Gilliland correlation, is used to design the reactive prefractionator. On the other hand, the conventional FUGK shortcut method is used to design the unreactive main fractionator. The shortcut method is applied to the synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) through the liquid phase dehydration of methanol, and the results were used as the starting design inputs for rigorous simulation in Aspen Plus V8.8. A mole purity of 99 DME in the distillate stream, 99% methanol in the side draw stream, and 99% water in the bottoms stream were obtained in the simulation, thereby making the proposed shortcut method applicable for the preliminary design of RDWC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspen%20plus" title="aspen plus">aspen plus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimethyl%20ether" title=" dimethyl ether"> dimethyl ether</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petlyuk%20column" title=" petlyuk column"> petlyuk column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive-dividing%20wall%20column" title=" reactive-dividing wall column"> reactive-dividing wall column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shortcut%20method" title=" shortcut method"> shortcut method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FUGK" title=" FUGK"> FUGK</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145240/determination-of-starting-design-parameters-for-reactive-dividing-wall-distillation-column-simulation-using-a-modified-shortcut-design-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28479</span> New HCI Design Process Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jongwan%20Kim">Jongwan Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is a subject covering the study, plan, and design of interactions between humans and computers. The prevalent use of digital mobile devices is increasing the need for education and research on HCI. This work is focused on a new education method geared towards reducing errors while developing application programs that incorporate role-changing brainstorming techniques during HCI design process. The proposed method has been applied to a capstone design course in the last spring semester. Students discovered some examples about UI design improvement and their error discovering and reducing capability was promoted. An UI design improvement, PC voice control for people with disabilities as an assistive technology examplar, will be presented. The improvement of these students' design ability will be helpful to the real field work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HCI" title="HCI">HCI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20process" title=" design process"> design process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20reducing%20education" title=" error reducing education"> error reducing education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=role-changing%20brainstorming" title=" role-changing brainstorming"> role-changing brainstorming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assistive%20technology" title=" assistive technology"> assistive technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24919/new-hci-design-process-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28478</span> Direct Displacement-Based Design Procedure for Performance-Based Seismic Design of Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haleh%20Hamidpour">Haleh Hamidpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the seismic damageability of structures is controlled by the inelastic deformation capacities of structural elements, seismic design of structure based on force analogy methods is not appropriate. In recent year, the basic approach of design codes have been changed from force-based approach to displacement-based. In this regard, a Direct Displacement-Based Design (DDBD) and a Performance-Based Plastic Design (PBPD) method are proposed. In this study, the efficiency of these two methods on seismic performance of structures is evaluated through a sample 12-story reinforced concrete moment frame. The building is designed separately based on the DDBD and the PBPD methods. Once again the structure is designed by the traditional force analogy method according to the FEMA P695 regulation. Different design method results in different structural elements. Seismic performance of these three structures is evaluated through nonlinear static and nonlinear dynamic analysis. The results show that the displacement-based design methods accommodate the intended performance objectives better than the traditional force analogy method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20performance-based%20design" title="direct performance-based design">direct performance-based design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductility%20demands" title=" ductility demands"> ductility demands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inelastic%20seismic%20performance" title=" inelastic seismic performance"> inelastic seismic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20mechanism" title=" yield mechanism"> yield mechanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51079/direct-displacement-based-design-procedure-for-performance-based-seismic-design-of-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28477</span> Design Systems and the Need for a Usability Method: Assessing the Fitness of Components and Interaction Patterns in Design Systems Using Atmosphere Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrik%20Johansson">Patrik Johansson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selina%20Mardh"> Selina Mardh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study proposes a usability test method, Atmosphere, to assess the fitness of components and interaction patterns of design systems. The method covers the user’s perception of the components of the system, the efficiency of the logic of the interaction patterns, perceived ease of use as well as the user’s understanding of the intended outcome of interactions. These aspects are assessed by combining measures of first impression, visual affordance and expectancy. The method was applied to a design system developed for the design of an electronic health record system. The study was conducted involving 15 healthcare personnel. It could be concluded that the Atmosphere method provides tangible data that enable human-computer interaction practitioners to analyze and categorize components and patterns based on perceived usability, success rate of identifying interactive components and success rate of understanding components and interaction patterns intended outcome. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomic%20design" title="atomic design">atomic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmosphere%20methodology" title=" atmosphere methodology"> atmosphere methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20system" title=" design system"> design system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expectancy%20testing" title=" expectancy testing"> expectancy testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20impression%20testing" title=" first impression testing"> first impression testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usability%20testing" title=" usability testing"> usability testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20affordance%20testing" title=" visual affordance testing"> visual affordance testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139041/design-systems-and-the-need-for-a-usability-method-assessing-the-fitness-of-components-and-interaction-patterns-in-design-systems-using-atmosphere-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28476</span> Vibration Analysis and Optimization Design of Ultrasonic Horn</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuen%20Ming%20Shu">Kuen Ming Shu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ren%20Kai%20Ho"> Ren Kai Ho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ultrasonic horn has the functions of amplifying amplitude and reducing resonant impedance in ultrasonic system. Its primary function is to amplify deformation or velocity during vibration and focus ultrasonic energy on the small area. It is a crucial component in design of ultrasonic vibration system. There are five common design methods for ultrasonic horns: analytical method, equivalent circuit method, equal mechanical impedance, transfer matrix method, finite element method. In addition, the general optimization design process is to change the geometric parameters to improve a single performance. Therefore, in the general optimization design process, we couldn't find the relation of parameter and objective. However, a good optimization design must be able to establish the relationship between input parameters and output parameters so that the designer can choose between parameters according to different performance objectives and obtain the results of the optimization design. In this study, an ultrasonic horn provided by Maxwide Ultrasonic co., Ltd. was used as the contrast of optimized ultrasonic horn. The ANSYS finite element analysis (FEA) software was used to simulate the distribution of the horn amplitudes and the natural frequency value. The results showed that the frequency for the simulation values and actual measurement values were similar, verifying the accuracy of the simulation values. The ANSYS DesignXplorer was used to perform Response Surface optimization, which could shows the relation of parameter and objective. Therefore, this method can be used to substitute the traditional experience method or the trial-and-error method for design to reduce material costs and design cycles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horn" title="horn">horn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20frequency" title=" natural frequency"> natural frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20optimization" title=" response surface optimization"> response surface optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20vibration" title=" ultrasonic vibration"> ultrasonic vibration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151835/vibration-analysis-and-optimization-design-of-ultrasonic-horn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151835.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28475</span> Emulation Model in Architectural Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96.%20%C5%9Eenyi%C4%9Fit">Ö. Şenyiğit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20%C3%87olak"> A. Çolak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is of great importance for an architectural student to know the parameters through which he/she can conduct his/her design and makes his/her design effective in architectural education. Therefore; an empirical application study was carried out through the designing activity using the emulation model to support the design and design approaches of architectural students. During the investigation period, studies were done on the basic design elements and principles of the fall semester, and the emulation model, one of the designing methods that constitute the subject of the study, was fictionalized as three phased “recognition-interpretation-application”. As a result of the study, it was observed that when students were given a key method during the design process, their awareness increased and their aspects improved as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20design" title="basic design">basic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20education" title=" design education"> design education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20methods" title=" design methods"> design methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulation" title=" emulation"> emulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77529/emulation-model-in-architectural-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28474</span> A Method for Multimedia User Interface Design for Mobile Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shimaa%20Nagro">Shimaa Nagro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russell%20Campion"> Russell Campion</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile devices are becoming ever more widely available, with growing functionality, and are increasingly used as an enabling technology to give students access to educational material anytime and anywhere. However, the design of educational material user interfaces for mobile devices is beset by many unresolved research issues such as those arising from emphasising the information concepts then mapping this information to appropriate media (modelling information then mapping media effectively). This report describes a multimedia user interface design method for mobile learning. The method covers specification of user requirements and information architecture, media selection to represent the information content, design for directing attention to important information, and interaction design to enhance user engagement based on Human-Computer Interaction design strategies (HCI). The method will be evaluated by three different case studies to prove the method is suitable for application to different areas / applications, these are; an application to teach about major computer networking concepts, an application to deliver a history-based topic; (after these case studies have been completed, the method will be revised to remove deficiencies and then used to develop a third case study), an application to teach mathematical principles. At this point, the method will again be revised into its final format. A usability evaluation will be carried out to measure the usefulness and effectiveness of the method. The investigation will combine qualitative and quantitative methods, including interviews and questionnaires for data collection and three case studies for validating the MDMLM method. The researcher has successfully produced the method at this point which is now under validation and testing procedures. From this point forward in the report, the researcher will refer to the method using the MDMLM abbreviation which means Multimedia Design Mobile Learning Method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-computer%20interaction" title="human-computer interaction">human-computer interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface%20design" title=" interface design"> interface design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title=" mobile learning"> mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58612/a-method-for-multimedia-user-interface-design-for-mobile-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28473</span> Dimensioning of a Solar Dryer with Application of an Experiment Design Method for Drying Food Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Touati">B. Touati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Saad"> A. Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Lips"> B. Lips</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abdenbi"> A. Abdenbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mokhtari."> M. Mokhtari.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is an application of experiment design method for dimensioning of a solar drying system. NIMROD software was used to build up the matrix of experiments and to analyze the results. The software has the advantages of being easy to use and consists of a forced way, with some choices about the number and range of variation of the parameters, and the desired polynomial shape. The first design of experiments performed concern the drying with constant input characteristics of the hot air in the dryer and a second design of experiments in which the drying chamber is coupled with a solar collector. The first design of experiments allows us to study the influence of various parameters and get the studied answers in a polynomial form. The correspondence between the polynomial thus determined, and the model results were good. The results of the polynomials of the second design of experiments and those of the model are worse than the results in the case of drying with constant input conditions. This is due to the strong link between all the input parameters, especially, the surface of the sensor and the drying chamber, and the mass of the product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20drying" title="solar drying">solar drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment%20design%20method" title=" experiment design method"> experiment design method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIMROD" title=" NIMROD"> NIMROD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mint%20leaves" title=" mint leaves"> mint leaves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20272/dimensioning-of-a-solar-dryer-with-application-of-an-experiment-design-method-for-drying-food-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28472</span> Design of Soil Replacement under Axial Centric Load Isolated Footing by Limit State Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emad%20A.%20M.%20Osman">Emad A. M. Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Abu-Bakr"> Ahmed M. Abu-Bakr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Compacted granular fill under shallow foundation is one of the oldest, cheapest, and easiest techniques to improve the soil characteristics to increase the bearing capacity and decrease settlement under footing. There are three main factors affecting the design of soil replacement to gain these advantages. These factors are the type of replaced soil, characteristics, and thickness. The first two factors can be easily determined by laboratory and field control. This paper emphasizes on how to determine the thickness accurately for footing under centric axial load by limit state design method. The advantages of the method are the way of determining the thickness (independent of experience) and it takes into account the replaced and original or underneath soil characteristics and reaches the goals of replaced soils economically. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20soil%20replacement" title="design of soil replacement">design of soil replacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LSD%20method" title=" LSD method"> LSD method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20replacement" title=" soil replacement"> soil replacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20improvement" title=" soil improvement"> soil improvement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37928/design-of-soil-replacement-under-axial-centric-load-isolated-footing-by-limit-state-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28471</span> Development, Optimization, and Validation of a Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopic Method with Multivariate Calibration for the Determination of Amlodipine and Olmesartan Implementing: Experimental Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noha%20Ibrahim">Noha Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20S.%20Elzanfaly"> Eman S. Elzanfaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20A.%20Hassan"> Said A. Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20E.%20El%20Gendy"> Ahmed E. El Gendy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: The purpose of the study is to develop a sensitive synchronous spectrofluorimetric method with multivariate calibration after studying and optimizing the different variables affecting the native fluorescence intensity of amlodipine and olmesartan implementing an experimental design approach. Method: In the first step, the fractional factorial design used to screen independent factors affecting the intensity of both drugs. The objective of the second step was to optimize the method performance using a Central Composite Face-centred (CCF) design. The optimal experimental conditions obtained from this study were; a temperature of (15°C ± 0.5), the solvent of 0.05N HCl and methanol with a ratio of (90:10, v/v respectively), Δλ of 42 and the addition of 1.48 % surfactant providing a sensitive measurement of amlodipine and olmesartan. The resolution of the binary mixture with a multivariate calibration method has been accomplished mainly by using partial least squares (PLS) model. Results: The recovery percentage for amlodipine besylate and atorvastatin calcium in tablets dosage form were found to be (102 ± 0.24, 99.56 ± 0.10, for amlodipine and Olmesartan, respectively). Conclusion: Method is valid according to some International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, providing to be linear over a range of 200-300, 500-1500 ng mL⁻¹ for amlodipine and Olmesartan. The methods were successful to estimate amlodipine besylate and olmesartan in bulk powder and pharmaceutical preparation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amlodipine" title="amlodipine">amlodipine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20composite%20face-centred%20design" title=" central composite face-centred design"> central composite face-centred design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20design" title=" experimental design"> experimental design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20factorial%20design" title=" fractional factorial design"> fractional factorial design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivariate%20calibration" title=" multivariate calibration"> multivariate calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olmesartan" title=" olmesartan"> olmesartan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120092/development-optimization-and-validation-of-a-synchronous-fluorescence-spectroscopic-method-with-multivariate-calibration-for-the-determination-of-amlodipine-and-olmesartan-implementing-experimental-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28470</span> Seismic Vulnerability of Structures Designed in Accordance with the Allowable Stress Design and Load Resistant Factor Design Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadreza%20Vafaei">Mohammadreza Vafaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirali%20Moradi"> Amirali Moradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sophia%20C.%20Alih"> Sophia C. Alih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The method selected for the design of structures not only can affect their seismic vulnerability but also can affect their construction cost. For the design of steel structures, two distinct methods have been introduced by existing codes, namely allowable stress design (ASD) and load resistant factor design (LRFD). This study investigates the effect of using the aforementioned design methods on the seismic vulnerability and construction cost of steel structures. Specifically, a 20-story building equipped with special moment resisting frame and an eccentrically braced system was selected for this study. The building was designed for three different intensities of peak ground acceleration including 0.2 g, 0.25 g, and 0.3 g using the ASD and LRFD methods. The required sizes of beams, columns, and braces were obtained using response spectrum analysis. Then, the designed frames were subjected to nine natural earthquake records which were scaled to the designed response spectrum. For each frame, the base shear, story shears, and inter-story drifts were calculated and then were compared. Results indicated that the LRFD method led to a more economical design for the frames. In addition, the LRFD method resulted in lower base shears and larger inter-story drifts when compared with the ASD method. It was concluded that the application of the LRFD method not only reduced the weights of structural elements but also provided a higher safety margin against seismic actions when compared with the ASD method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allowable%20stress%20design" title="allowable stress design">allowable stress design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20resistant%20factor%20design" title=" load resistant factor design"> load resistant factor design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20time%20history%20analysis" title=" nonlinear time history analysis"> nonlinear time history analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20vulnerability" title=" seismic vulnerability"> seismic vulnerability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20structures" title=" steel structures"> steel structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71141/seismic-vulnerability-of-structures-designed-in-accordance-with-the-allowable-stress-design-and-load-resistant-factor-design-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28469</span> An Improved Tie Force Method for Progressive Collapse Resistance Design of Precast Concrete Cross Wall Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tohidi">M. Tohidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Yang"> J. Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Baniotopoulos"> C. Baniotopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Progressive collapse of buildings typically occurs when abnormal loading conditions cause local damages, which leads to a chain reaction of failure and ultimately catastrophic collapse. The tie force (TF) method is one of the main design approaches for progressive collapse. As the TF method is a simplified method, further investigations on the reliability of the method is necessary. This study aims to develop an improved TF method to design the cross wall structures for progressive collapse. To this end, the pullout behavior of strands in grout was firstly analyzed; and then, by considering the tie force-slip relationship in the friction stage together with the catenary action mechanism, a comprehensive analytical method was developed. The reliability of this approach is verified by the experimental results of concrete block pullout tests and full scale floor-to-floor joints tests undertaken by Portland Cement Association (PCA). Discrepancies in the tie force between the analytical results and codified specifications have suggested the deficiency of TF method, hence an improved model based on the analytical results has been proposed to address this concern. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20wall" title="cross wall">cross wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20collapse" title=" progressive collapse"> progressive collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ties%20force%20method" title=" ties force method"> ties force method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catenary" title=" catenary"> catenary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical" title=" analytical"> analytical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1653/an-improved-tie-force-method-for-progressive-collapse-resistance-design-of-precast-concrete-cross-wall-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28468</span> Forecasting Etching Behavior Silica Sand Using the Design of Experiments Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kefaifi%20Aissa">Kefaifi Aissa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahraoui%20Tahar"> Sahraoui Tahar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kheloufi%20Abdelkrim"> Kheloufi Abdelkrim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anas%20Sabiha"> Anas Sabiha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannane%20Farouk"> Hannane Farouk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to show how the Design of Experiments Method (DOE) can be put into use as a practical approach for silica sand etching behavior modeling during its primary step of leaching. In the present work, we have studied etching effect on particle size during a primary step of leaching process on Algerian silica sand with florid acid (HF) at 20% and 30 % during 4 and 8 hours. Therefore, a new purity of the sand is noted depending on the time of leaching. This study was expanded by a numerical approach using a method of experiment design, which shows the influence of each parameter and the interaction between them in the process and approved the obtained experimental results. This model is a predictive approach using hide software. Based on the measured parameters experimentally in the interior of the model, the use of DOE method can make it possible to predict the outside parameters of the model in question and can give us the optimize response without making the experimental measurement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20leaching" title="acid leaching">acid leaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20experiments%20method%28DOE%29" title=" design of experiments method(DOE)"> design of experiments method(DOE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purity%20silica" title=" purity silica"> purity silica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20etching" title=" silica etching"> silica etching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46244/forecasting-etching-behavior-silica-sand-using-the-design-of-experiments-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28467</span> Rationalized Haar Transforms Approach to Design of Observer for Control Systems with Unknown Inputs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joon-Hoon%20Park">Joon-Hoon Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fundamental concept of observability is important in both theoretical and practical points of modern control systems. In modern control theory, a control system has criteria for determining the design solution exists for the system parameters and design objectives. The idea of observability relates to the condition of observing or estimating the state variables from the output variables that is generally measurable. To design closed-loop control system, the practical problems of implementing the feedback of the state variables must be considered and implementing state feedback control problem has been existed in this case. All the state variables are not available, so it is requisite to design and implement an observer that will estimate the state variables form the output parameters. However sometimes unknown inputs are presented in control systems as practical cases. This paper presents a design method and algorithm for observer of control system with unknown input parameters based on Rationalized Haar transform. The proposed method is more advantageous than the other numerical method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal%20functions" title="orthogonal functions">orthogonal functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rationalized%20Haar%20transforms" title=" rationalized Haar transforms"> rationalized Haar transforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20system%20observer" title=" control system observer"> control system observer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algebraic%20method" title=" algebraic method"> algebraic method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69296/rationalized-haar-transforms-approach-to-design-of-observer-for-control-systems-with-unknown-inputs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28466</span> Design of Compact UWB Multilayered Microstrip Filter with Wide Stopband</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Azadi-Tinat">N. Azadi-Tinat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Oraizi"> H. Oraizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Design of compact UWB multilayered microstrip filter with E-shape resonator is presented, which provides wide stopband up to 20 GHz and arbitrary impedance matching. The design procedure is developed based on the method of least squares and theory of N-coupled transmission lines. The dimensions of designed filter are about 11 mm × 11 mm and the three E-shape resonators are placed among four dielectric layers. The average insertion loss in the passband is less than 1 dB and in the stopband is about 30 dB up to 20 GHz. Its group delay in the UWB region is about 0.5 ns. The performance of the optimized filter design perfectly agrees with the microwave simulation softwares. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=method%20of%20least%20square" title="method of least square">method of least square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer%20microstrip%20filter" title=" multilayer microstrip filter"> multilayer microstrip filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=n-coupled%20transmission%20lines" title=" n-coupled transmission lines"> n-coupled transmission lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra-wideband" title=" ultra-wideband"> ultra-wideband</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51257/design-of-compact-uwb-multilayered-microstrip-filter-with-wide-stopband" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28465</span> Traditional Drawing, BIM and Erudite Design Process </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Kalkatechi">Maryam Kalkatechi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, parametric design, scientific analysis, and digital fabrication are dominant. Many architectural practices are increasingly seeking to incorporate advanced digital software and fabrication in their projects. Proposing an erudite design process that combines digital and practical aspects in a strong frame within the method was resulted from the dissertation research. The digital aspects are the progressive advancements in algorithm design and simulation software. These aspects have assisted the firms to develop more holistic concepts at the early stage and maintain collaboration among disciplines during the design process. The erudite design process enhances the current design processes by encouraging the designer to implement the construction and architecture knowledge within the algorithm to make successful design processes. The erudite design process also involves the ongoing improvements of applying the new method of 3D printing in construction. This is achieved through the ‘data-sketches’. The term ‘data-sketch’ was developed by the author in the dissertation that was recently completed. It accommodates the decisions of the architect on the algorithm. This paper introduces the erudite design process and its components. It will summarize the application of this process in development of the ‘3D printed construction unit’. This paper contributes to overlaying the academic and practice with advanced technology by presenting a design process that transfers the dominance of tool to the learned architect and encourages innovation in design processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erudite" title="erudite">erudite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data-sketch" title=" data-sketch"> data-sketch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm%20design%20in%20architecture" title=" algorithm design in architecture"> algorithm design in architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20process" title=" design process"> design process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80695/traditional-drawing-bim-and-erudite-design-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28464</span> Designing for Wearable Interactions: Exploring Care Design for Design Anthropology and Participatory Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Chen%20Chang">Wei-Chen Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Cheng%20Pei"> Yu-Cheng Pei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research examines wearable interaction design to mediate the design anthropology and participatory design found in technology and fashion. We will discuss the principles of design anthropology and participatory design using a wearable and fashion product process to transmit the ‘people-situation-reason-object’ method and analyze five sense applied examples that provide new thinking for designers engaged in future industry. Design anthropology and Participatory Design attempt to engage physiological and psychological design through technology-function, meaning-form and fashion aesthetics to achieve cognition between user and environment. The wearable interaction provides technological characteristics and semantic ideas transmitted to craft-cultural, collective, cheerful and creative performance. It is more confident and innovative attempt, that is able to achieve a joyful, fundamental interface. This study takes two directions for cultural thinking as the basis to establish a set of life-craft designs with interactive experience objects by users that assist designers in examining the sensual feelings to initiate a new lifestyle value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20anthropology" title="design anthropology">design anthropology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wearable%20design" title=" wearable design"> wearable design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20communication" title=" design communication"> design communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participatory%20design" title=" participatory design"> participatory design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83409/designing-for-wearable-interactions-exploring-care-design-for-design-anthropology-and-participatory-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28463</span> Advancing the Hi-Tech Ecosystem in the Periphery: The Case of the Sea of Galilee Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yael%20Dubinsky">Yael Dubinsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orit%20Hazzan"> Orit Hazzan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a constant need for hi-tech innovation to be decentralized to peripheral regions. This work describes how we applied design science research (DSR) principles to define what we refer to as the Sea of Galilee (SoG) method. The goal of the SoG method is to harness existing and new technological initiatives in peripheral regions to create a socio-technological network that can initiate and maintain hi-tech activities. The SoG method consists of a set of principles, a stakeholder network, and actual hi-tech business initiatives, including their infrastructure and practices. The three cycles of DSR, the Relevance, Design, and Rigor cycles, layout a research framework to sharpen the requirements, collect data from case studies, and iteratively refine the SoG method based on the existing knowledge base. We propose that the SoG method can be deployed by regional authorities that wish to be considered smart regions (an extension of the notion of smart cities). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20science%20research" title="design science research">design science research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-technological%20initiatives" title=" socio-technological initiatives"> socio-technological initiatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sea%20of%20Galilee%20method" title=" Sea of Galilee method"> Sea of Galilee method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periphery%20stakeholder%20network" title=" periphery stakeholder network"> periphery stakeholder network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hi-tech%20initiatieves" title=" hi-tech initiatieves"> hi-tech initiatieves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146282/advancing-the-hi-tech-ecosystem-in-the-periphery-the-case-of-the-sea-of-galilee-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28462</span> Principles of Editing and Storytelling in Relation to Editorial Graphic Design </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melike%20Tascioglu">Melike Tascioglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to combine film editing principles to basic design principles to explore what graphic designers do in terms of storytelling. The sequential aspect of film is designed and examined through the art of editing. Examining the rules, principles and formulas of film editing can be a method for graphic designers to further practice the art of storytelling. Although there are many research and publications on design basics, time, pace, dramatic structure and choreography are not very well defined in the area of graphic design. In this era of creative storytelling and interdisciplinary collaboration, not only film editors but also graphic designers and students in the arts and design should understand the theory and practice of editing to be able to create a strong mise-en-scène and not only a mise-en-page. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20principles" title="design principles">design principles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=editing%20principles" title=" editing principles"> editing principles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=editorial%20design" title=" editorial design"> editorial design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20editing" title=" film editing"> film editing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphic%20design" title=" graphic design"> graphic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storytelling" title=" storytelling"> storytelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3528/principles-of-editing-and-storytelling-in-relation-to-editorial-graphic-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28461</span> Numerical Study of 5kW Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Using DOE Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan-Ting%20Lin">Yan-Ting Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Nian%20Su"> Wei-Nian Su</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the design of 5kW vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) using DOE method. The NACA0015 airfoil was implemented for the design and 3D simulation. The critical design parameters are chord length, tip speed ratio (TSR), aspect ratio (AR) and pitch angle in this investigation. The RNG k-ε turbulent model and the sliding mesh method are adopted in the CFD simulation. The results show that the model with zero pitch, 0.3 m in chord length, TSR of 3, and AR of 10 demonstrated the optimum aerodynamic power under the uniform 10m/s inlet velocity. The aerodynamic power is 3.61kW and 3.89kW under TSR of 3 and 4 respectively. The aerodynamic power decreased dramatically while TSR increased to 5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20axis%20wind%20turbine" title="vertical axis wind turbine">vertical axis wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DOE" title=" DOE"> DOE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VAWT" title=" VAWT"> VAWT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16847/numerical-study-of-5kw-vertical-axis-wind-turbine-using-doe-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28460</span> Value in Exchange: The Importance of Users Interaction as the Center of User Experiences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramlan%20Jantan">Ramlan Jantan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norfadilah%20Kamaruddin"> Norfadilah Kamaruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahriman%20Zainal%20Abidin"> Shahriman Zainal Abidin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this era of technology, the co-creation method has become a new development trend. In this light, most design businesses have currently transformed their development strategy from being goods-dominant into service-dominant where more attention is given to the end-users and their roles in the development process. As a result, the conventional development process has been replaced with a more cooperative one. Consequently, numerous studies have been conducted to explore the extension of co-creation method in the design development process and most studies have focused on issues found during the production process. In the meantime, this study aims to investigate potential values established during the pre-production process, which is also known as the ‘circumstances value creation’. User involvement is questioned and crucially debate at the entry level of pre-production process in value in-exchange jointly spheres; thus user experiences took place. Thus, this paper proposed a potential framework of the co-creation method for Malaysian interactive product development. The framework is formulated from both parties involved: the users and designers. The framework will clearly give an explanation of the value of the co-creation method, and it could assist relevant design industries/companies in developing a blueprint for the design process. This paper further contributes to the literature on the co-creation of value and digital ecosystems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-creation%20method" title="co-creation method">co-creation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-creation%20framework" title=" co-creation framework"> co-creation framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-creation" title=" co-creation"> co-creation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-production" title=" co-production"> co-production</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100837/value-in-exchange-the-importance-of-users-interaction-as-the-center-of-user-experiences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100837.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28459</span> An Analysis of Uncoupled Designs in Chicken Egg</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratap%20Sriram%20Sundar">Pratap Sriram Sundar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandan%20Chowdhury"> Chandan Chowdhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagar%20Kamarthi"> Sagar Kamarthi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nature has perfected her designs over 3.5 billion years of evolution. Research fields such as biomimicry, biomimetics, bionics, bio-inspired computing, and nature-inspired designs have explored nature-made artifacts and systems to understand nature’s mechanisms and intelligence. Learning from nature, the researchers have generated sustainable designs and innovation in a variety of fields such as energy, architecture, agriculture, transportation, communication, and medicine. Axiomatic design offers a method to judge if a design is good. This paper analyzes design aspects of one of the nature’s amazing object: chicken egg. The functional requirements (FRs) of components of the object are tabulated and mapped on to nature-chosen design parameters (DPs). The ‘independence axiom’ of the axiomatic design methodology is applied to analyze couplings and to evaluate if eggs’ design is good (i.e., uncoupled design) or bad (i.e., coupled design). The analysis revealed that eggs design is a good design, i.e., uncoupled design. This approach can be applied to any nature’s artifacts to judge whether their design is a good or a bad. This methodology is valuable for biomimicry studies. This approach can also be a very useful teaching design consideration of biology and bio-inspired innovation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncoupled%20design" title="uncoupled design">uncoupled design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axiomatic%20design" title=" axiomatic design"> axiomatic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nature%20design" title=" nature design"> nature design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20evaluation" title=" design evaluation"> design evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129725/an-analysis-of-uncoupled-designs-in-chicken-egg" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28458</span> CAD Tool for Parametric Design modification of Yacht Hull Surface Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahroz%20Khan">Shahroz Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erkan%20Gunpinar"> Erkan Gunpinar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Mart"> Kemal Mart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently parametric design techniques became a vital concept in the field of Computer Aided Design (CAD), which helps to provide sophisticated platform to the designer in order to automate the design process in efficient time. In these techniques, design process starts by parameterizing the important features of design models (typically the key dimensions), with the implementation of design constraints. The design constraints help to retain the overall shape of the model while modifying its parameters. However, the process of initializing an appropriate number of design parameters and constraints is the crucial part of parametric design techniques, especially for complex surface models such as yacht hull. This paper introduces a method to create complex surface models in favor of parametric design techniques, a method to define the right number of parameters and respective design constraints, and a system to implement design parameters in contract to design constraints schema. For this, in our proposed approach the design process starts by dividing the yacht hull into three sections. Each section consists of different shape lines, which form the overall shape of yacht hull. The shape lines are created using Cubic Bezier Curves, which allow larger design flexibility. Design parameters and constraints are defined on the shape lines in 3D design space to facilitate the designers for better and individual handling of parameters. Afterwards, shape modifiers are developed, which allow the modification of each parameter while satisfying the respective set of criteria and design constraints. Such as, geometric continuities should be maintained between the shape lines of the three sections, fairness of the hull surfaces should be preserved after modification and while design modification, effect of a single parameter should be negligible on other parameters. The constraints are defined individually on shape lines of each section and mutually between the shape lines of two connecting sections. In order to validate and visualize design results of our shape modifiers, a real time graphic interface is created. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20parameter" title="design parameter">design parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20constraints" title=" design constraints"> design constraints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20modifies" title=" shape modifies"> shape modifies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yacht%20hull" title=" yacht hull"> yacht hull</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52949/cad-tool-for-parametric-design-modification-of-yacht-hull-surface-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28457</span> Thermal and Hydraulic Design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20R.%20Ballil">Ahmed R. Ballil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heat exchangers are devices used to transfer heat between two fluids. These devices are utilized in many engineering and industrial applications such as heating, cooling, condensation and boiling processes. The fluids might be in direct contact (mixed), or they separated by a solid wall to avoid mixing. In the present paper, interactive computer-aided design of shell and tube heat exchangers is developed using Visual Basic computer code as a framework. This design is based on the Bell-Delaware method, which is one of the very well known methods reported in the literature for the design of shell and tube heat exchangers. Physical properties for either the tube or the shell side fluids are internally evaluated by calling on an enormous data bank composed of more than a hundred fluid compounds. This contributes to increase the accuracy of the present design. The international system of units is considered in the developed computer program. The present design has an added feature of being capable of performing modification based upon a preset design criterion, such that an optimum design is obtained at satisfying constraints set either by the user or by the method itself. Also, the present code is capable of giving an estimate of the approximate cost of the heat exchanger based on the predicted surface area of the exchanger evaluated by the program. Finally, the present thermal and hydraulic design code is tested for accuracy and consistency against some of existed and approved designs of shell and tube heat exchangers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bell-delaware%20method" title="bell-delaware method">bell-delaware method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchangers" title=" heat exchangers"> heat exchangers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shell%20and%20tube" title=" shell and tube"> shell and tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20and%20hydraulic%20design" title=" thermal and hydraulic design"> thermal and hydraulic design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111744/thermal-and-hydraulic-design-of-shell-and-tube-heat-exchangers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20method&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20method&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20method&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20method&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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