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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lead-up to invasion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lead-up_to_invasion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lead-up to invasion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lead-up_to_invasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yugoslavia_signs_the_Pact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yugoslavia_signs_the_Pact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Yugoslavia signs the Pact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yugoslavia_signs_the_Pact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coup_d'état" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coup_d'état"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Coup d'état</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coup_d'état-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-coup_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-coup_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Post-coup government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-coup_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invasion_and_flight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invasion_and_flight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Invasion and flight</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invasion_and_flight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simović_cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simović_cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Simović cabinet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simović_cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jovanović_cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jovanović_cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Jovanović cabinet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jovanović_cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trifunović_cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trifunović_cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Trifunović cabinet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trifunović_cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purić_cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purić_cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Purić cabinet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purić_cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Šubašić_cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Šubašić_cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Šubašić cabinet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Šubašić_cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Foreign policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armed_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armed_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Armed forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armed_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_Ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_Ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Prime Ministers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_Ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Journals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yugoslav government-in-exile</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Югославско правителство в изгнание – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Югославско правителство в изгнание" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugosl%C3%A1vsk%C3%A1_exilov%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1da" title="Jugoslávská exilová vláda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jugoslávská exilová vláda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobierno_yugoslavo_en_el_exilio" title="Gobierno yugoslavo en el exilio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gobierno yugoslavo en el exilio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_yougoslave_en_exil" title="Gouvernement yougoslave en exil – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gouvernement yougoslave en exil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintahan_Yugoslavia_dalam_pengasingan" title="Pemerintahan Yugoslavia dalam pengasingan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemerintahan Yugoslavia dalam pengasingan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_iugoslavo_no_ex%C3%ADlio" title="Governo iugoslavo no exílio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Governo iugoslavo no exílio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guvernul_iugoslav_din_exil" title="Guvernul iugoslav din exil – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Guvernul iugoslav din exil" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Правительство Югославии в изгнании – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Правительство Югославии в изгнании" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qeveria_jugosllave_n%C3%AB_m%C3%ABrgim" title="Qeveria jugosllave në mërgim – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qeveria jugosllave në mërgim" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yugoslav government-in-exile" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugoslovanska_vlada_v_izgnanstvu" title="Jugoslovanska vlada v izgnanstvu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jugoslovanska vlada v izgnanstvu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D1%83_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Владе Краљевине Југославије у егзилу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Владе Краљевине Југославије у егзилу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlada_Kraljevine_Jugoslavije_u_egzilu" title="Vlada Kraljevine Jugoslavije u egzilu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vlada Kraljevine Jugoslavije u egzilu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCrg%C3%BCndeki_Yugoslavya_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti" title="Sürgündeki Yugoslavya hükûmeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sürgündeki Yugoslavya hükûmeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Югославський уряд у вигнанні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Югославський уряд у вигнанні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5882050#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="View the content page [c]" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">World War II government-in-exile of Yugoslavia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Claridges_CCC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Claridges_CCC.jpg/220px-Claridges_CCC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Claridges_CCC.jpg/330px-Claridges_CCC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Claridges_CCC.jpg/440px-Claridges_CCC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Claridge%27s" title="Claridge's">Claridge's Hotel</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, where the Yugoslav government-in-exile was based during the war.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PedroIIDeYugoslaviaEIvanSubasic21061944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/PedroIIDeYugoslaviaEIvanSubasic21061944.jpg/220px-PedroIIDeYugoslaviaEIvanSubasic21061944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/PedroIIDeYugoslaviaEIvanSubasic21061944.jpg/330px-PedroIIDeYugoslaviaEIvanSubasic21061944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/PedroIIDeYugoslaviaEIvanSubasic21061944.jpg/440px-PedroIIDeYugoslaviaEIvanSubasic21061944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="791" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">King Peter II</a> conferring with the Prime Minister of the Yugoslav Government in Exile, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_%C5%A0uba%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Ivan Šubašić">Ivan Šubašić</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Government of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in Exile</b> (<a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: <i lang="sh">Vlada Kraljevine Jugoslavije u egzilu</i>, <span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><span lang="sh">Влада Краљевине Југославије у егзилу</span></span>) was an official <a href="/wiki/Government-in-exile" title="Government-in-exile">government-in-exile</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, headed by King <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">Peter II</a>. It evacuated from <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> in April 1941, after the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Axis invasion of the country</a>, and went first to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a>, then to <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a>, then to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a>, and finally, in June 1941, to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. Hence, it is also referred to as the <b>"Government in London"</b> (<span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh">Vlada u Londonu</i></span>, <span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><span lang="sh">Влада у Лондону</span></span>). It was dissolved in March 1945. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to economics professor and historian <a href="/wiki/Jozo_Tomasevich" title="Jozo Tomasevich">Jozo Tomasevich</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> was politically weak from the moment of its creation in December 1918, and remained so during the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a> mainly due to rigid centralism combined with strong ethno-religious identities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich196960–62_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196960–62-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, the religious primacy of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a> in national affairs and discrimination against <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> compounded the dissatisfaction of the non-<a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serb</a> population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich196961–62_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196961–62-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The kingdom's internal politics became ethnically polarised, a phenomenon that has been referred to as the "national question" in Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet200676_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet200676-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until 1929, this state of affairs was maintained by subverting the democratic system of government. In 1929, democracy was abandoned and a <a href="/wiki/6_January_Dictatorship" title="6 January Dictatorship">royal dictatorship</a> was established by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Yugoslavia" title="Alexander I of Yugoslavia">King Alexander</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich196961_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196961-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The king attempted to weaken the ethnic divisions in the country by creating <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia#Banovinas_(1929–1941)" title="Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">administrative divisions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">Serbo-Croatian Latin</a>: <i lang="sh-Latn">banovine</i>) based on rivers rather than traditional regions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet200679–80_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet200679–80-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1933, however, discontent in the largely <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croat</a>-populated <a href="/wiki/Sava_Banovina" title="Sava Banovina">Sava Banovina</a> had developed into full-blown civil disorder, which the regime countered with a series of assassinations and arrests of key Croatian opposition figures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet200687_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet200687-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Alexander was assassinated in <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> in 1934 by the Croatian nationalists, his cousin <a href="/wiki/Prince_Paul_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prince Paul of Yugoslavia">Prince Paul</a> took over the <a href="/wiki/Regency_(government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regency (government)">regency</a>, ruling on behalf of Alexander's 11-year-old son, <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">Peter II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDragnich198399_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDragnich198399-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath of Alexander's assassination, Yugoslavia was isolated both militarily and diplomatically.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoptner196328_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoptner196328-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prince Paul repeatedly attempted to negotiate a political settlement with <a href="/wiki/Vladko_Ma%C4%8Dek" title="Vladko Maček">Vladko Maček</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">Croatian Peasant Party</a> (HSS) leader. In January 1937, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Milan_Stojadinovi%C4%87" title="Milan Stojadinović">Milan Stojadinović</a> met with Maček at Prince Paul's request, but Stojadinović was unable to contain Croat dissatisfaction with a Yugoslavia dominated by the Serbs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197522–23_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197522–23-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1938, the <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">German annexation of Austria</a> gave Yugoslavia a common border with <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a>-ruled Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts19877_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts19877-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, the commander of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Royal Yugoslav Air Force">Royal Yugoslav Air Force</a>, Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87" title="Dušan Simović">Dušan Simović</a>, was involved in three coup plots—two early in the year driven by Serb opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">concordat</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</a> and a later one sparked by dissatisfaction with results of <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavian_parliamentary_election,_1938" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslavian parliamentary election, 1938">the December elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnslow200537_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnslow200537-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the evening of 3 February 1939, five ministers resigned from the government in response to a Serb nationalist speech made by the Minister of Education, <a href="/wiki/Bogoljub_Kujund%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Bogoljub Kujundžić">Bogoljub Kujundžić</a>. The five were: the Slovene senate leader, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Koro%C5%A1ec" title="Anton Korošec">Anton Korošec</a>; the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Muslim_Organization" title="Yugoslav Muslim Organization">Yugoslav Muslim Organization</a> (JMO), <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Spaho" title="Mehmed Spaho">Mehmed Spaho</a>; another JMO politician, <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEafer_Kulenovi%C4%87" title="Džafer Kulenović">Džafer Kulenović</a>; the Slovene <a href="/wiki/Franc_Snoj" title="Franc Snoj">Franc Snoj</a>; and the Serb <a href="/wiki/Dragi%C5%A1a_Cvetkovi%C4%87" title="Dragiša Cvetković">Dragiša Cvetković</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingleton1985170_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingleton1985170-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prince Paul then dismissed Stojadinović and appointed Cvetković in his place, with a direction that he reach an agreement with the Croat leader Maček.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197523_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197523-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While these negotiations were ongoing, <a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italy invaded Albania</a>. In August 1939, the <a href="/wiki/Cvetkovi%C4%87%E2%80%93Ma%C4%8Dek_Agreement" title="Cvetković–Maček Agreement">Cvetković–Maček Agreement</a> was concluded to create the <a href="/wiki/Banovina_of_Croatia" title="Banovina of Croatia">Banovina of Croatia</a>, which was to be a relatively autonomous political unit within Yugoslavia. Separatist Croats considered the Agreement did not go far enough, while many Serbs believed it went too far.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197524_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197524-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cvetković-led cabinet formed in the wake of the agreement was resolutely anti-Axis,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarič200535_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarič200535-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and included five members of the HSS, with Maček as deputy Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006106–107_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006106–107-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lead-up_to_invasion">Lead-up to invasion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lead-up to invasion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the time of the German <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a> and subsequent outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in September 1939, the Yugoslav Intelligence Service was cooperating with British intelligence agencies on a large scale across the country. This cooperation, which had existed to a lesser extent during the early 1930s, intensified after the <i>Anschluss</i> in 1938. These combined intelligence operations were aimed at strengthening Yugoslavia and keeping her neutral while encouraging covert activities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarič200533_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarič200533-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the outbreak of war British diplomacy focused on keeping Yugoslavia neutral, which the Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ian_Campbell" title="Ronald Ian Campbell">Ronald Campbell</a> apparently still believed possible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarič200536_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarič200536-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-1940, German pressure on the government resulted in the resignation of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Yugoslavia)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Yugoslavia)">Minister of the Interior</a>, Dr. Stanoje Mihaldžić, who had been organising covert anti-Axis activities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarič200535_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarič200535-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid to late 1940, British intelligence became aware of coup plotting, but managed to side-track the plans, preferring to continue working through Prince Paul.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHehn2005368–369_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHehn2005368–369-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive" title="Special Operations Executive">Special Operations Executive</a> (SOE) office in Belgrade went to significant lengths to support the opposition to the anti-Axis Cvetković government, which undermined the hard-won balance in Yugoslav politics that government represented. SOE Belgrade was entangled with pro-Serb policies and interests, and disregarded or underestimated warnings from SOE Zagreb and British diplomats in that city, who better understood the situation in Yugoslavia as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarič200538_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarič200538-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1940, Simović was again approached by plotters planning a coup but he was non-committal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnslow200537_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnslow200537-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yugoslavia's situation worsened in October 1940 when <a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italy invaded Greece</a> from <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1939%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Kingdom (1939–1943)">Albania</a>, and the initial failure of the Italians to make headway only increased Yugoslav apprehension that Germany would be forced to attack <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a> in order to help Italy. In September and November 1940 respectively, Germany forced <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a> to accede to the <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts19876–7_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts19876–7-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early November 1940, Nedić, who believed that Germany would win the war, proposed to the government that it abandon its neutral stance and join the Axis as soon as possible in the hope that Germany would protect Yugoslavia against its "greedy neighbors".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197530_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197530-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few days later Prince Paul, having realised the impossibility of following Nedić's advice, replaced him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197531_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197531-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germany's planned invasion of Greece would be simplified if Yugoslavia could be neutralised.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank2001171_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank2001171-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next few months, Prince Paul and his ministers laboured under overwhelming German diplomatic pressure, the threat of an attack by the Germans from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a> territory, and the unwillingness of the British to promise practical military support.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilazzo19752_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo19752-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By late 1940, British policy towards the government of Yugoslavia had shifted from acceptance of Yugoslav neutrality to pressuring the country for support in the war against Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStafford1977401_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStafford1977401-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1941, the US placed additional pressure on Prince Paul, urging non-cooperation with Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreveld1973139_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreveld1973139-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 February, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> met with Cvetković and Yugoslav foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Cincar-Markovi%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Cincar-Marković">Aleksandar Cincar-Marković</a>, and requested Yugoslavia's accession to the Tripartite Pact. He also pushed for the demobilisation of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army">Royal Yugoslav Army</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197532_&_57_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197532_&_57-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the granting of permission to transport German supplies through Yugoslavia's territory, along with greater economic cooperation. In exchange he offered a port near the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a> and territorial security.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960367_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960367-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 March, Yugoslavia was further isolated when Bulgaria signed the Pact and the German army arrived at the Bulgarian-Yugoslav border.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 March, Prince Paul secretly met with Hitler in <a href="/wiki/Berchtesgaden" title="Berchtesgaden">Berchtesgaden</a> and was again pressured to sign the Pact. Hitler did not request troop passage through Yugoslavia and offered the Greek city of <a href="/wiki/Salonika" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonika">Salonika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A time limit for Prince Paul, who was uncommitted and "wavering", wasn't set. Prince Paul, in the middle of a cabinet crisis, offered a <a href="/wiki/Nonaggression_pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonaggression pact">nonaggression pact</a> and a declaration of friendship, but Hitler insisted on accession to the Pact.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prince Paul warned that "I fear that if I follow your advice and sign the Tripartite Pact I shall no longer be here in six months."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreveld1973139_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreveld1973139-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yugoslavia_signs_the_Pact">Yugoslavia signs the Pact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Yugoslavia signs the Pact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_accession_to_the_Tripartite_Pact" title="Yugoslav accession to the Tripartite Pact">Yugoslav accession to the Tripartite Pact</a></div> <p>On 17 March, Prince Paul returned to Berchtesgaden and was told by Hitler that it was his last chance for Yugoslavia to join the Pact, renouncing this time the request for the use of Yugoslav railways in order to facilitate their accession.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 March, Prince Paul convened a Crown Council to discuss the terms of the Pact and whether Yugoslavia should sign it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStafford1977402_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStafford1977402-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Council's members were willing to agree, but only under the condition that Germany let its concessions be made public. Germany agreed and the Council approved the terms. Three cabinet ministers resigned on 20 March in protest of the impending signing of the Pact.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Germans reacted by imposing an ultimatum to accept by midnight 23 March or forfeit any further chances.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368–369_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368–369-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prince Paul and Cvetković obliged and accepted, despite believing German promises were "worthless".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960369_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960369-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 March, Germany's guarantee of Yugoslavia's territorial security and its promise not to use its railroads were publicised.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368_30-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cadogan" title="Alexander Cadogan">Alexander Cadogan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs" title="Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs">Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</a>, penned in his diary that the "Yugoslavs seem to have sold their souls to the Devil. All these Balkan peoples are trash."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStafford1977403_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStafford1977403-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 March, the pact was signed at the <a href="/wiki/Belvedere,_Vienna" title="Belvedere, Vienna">Belvedere</a> palace in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. German radio later announced that "the Axis Powers would not demand the right of passage of troops or war materials," while the official document mentioned only troops and omitted mention of war materials. Likewise the pledge to give Salonika to Yugoslavia does not appear on the document.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960369_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960369-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the following day, Serb demonstrators gathered on the streets of Belgrade shouting "Better the grave than a slave, better a war than the pact" (Serbo-Croatian Latin: <i lang="sh-Latn">Bolje grob nego rob, Bolje rat nego pakt</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERametLazić201118_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERametLazić201118-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coup_d'état"><span id="Coup_d.27.C3.A9tat"></span>Coup d'état</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Coup d'état"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Yugoslav coup d'état">Yugoslav coup d'état</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Yugoslav coup d'état">coup d'état</a> occurred on 27 March 1941 in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>. The coup was planned and conducted by a group of pro-Western <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serb</a>-nationalist Royal Yugoslav Air Force and Royal Guard officers formally led by Simović. For practical purposes several others performed leadership roles in the conduct of the coup. Some other civilian leaders were probably aware of the coup before it was launched and moved to support it once it occurred, but they were not among the organisers. The <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Yugoslavia">Communist Party of Yugoslavia</a> played no part in the coup, although it made a significant contribution to the mass street protests in many cities that signalled popular support for the coup after it occurred. The coup was successful and overthrew the three-member regency as well as the government of Cvetković. The coup had been planned for several months, but the signing of the Tripartite Pact spurred the organisers to carry it out, encouraged by the SOE. The military conspirators brought to power the 17-year-old king, whom they declared to be of age to assume the throne, and a government of national unity was formed with Simović as prime minister and Maček and <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Jovanović">Slobodan Jovanović</a> as his vice-premiers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-coup_government">Post-coup government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-coup government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the wake of the coup, Simović's new government refused to ratify Yugoslavia's signing of the Tripartite Pact, but did not openly rule it out. Hitler, angered by the coup and anti-German incidents in Belgrade, gathered his senior officers and ordered that Yugoslavia be crushed without delay.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilazzo19752–3_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo19752–3-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the same day as the coup he issued <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer_Directives" class="mw-redirect" title="Führer Directives">Führer Directive</a> 25 which called for Yugoslavia to be treated as a hostile state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964108_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964108-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italy was to be included in the operations and the directive made specific mention that "[e]fforts will be made to induce Hungary and Bulgaria to take part in operations by offering them the prospect of regaining Bačka and Macedonia".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964108_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964108-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the directive stated that "[i]nternal tensions in Yugoslavia will be encouraged by giving political assurances to the Croats".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964108_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964108-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 March, Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Mom%C4%8Dilo_Nin%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Momčilo Ninčić">Momčilo Ninčić</a> summoned the German ambassador Viktor von Heeren and handed him a statement which declared that the new government would accept all its international obligations, including accession to the Tripartite Pact, as long as the national interests of the country were protected. Von Heeren returned to his office to discover a message from Berlin instructing that contact with Yugoslav officials was to be avoided, and he was recalled to Berlin. No reply was given to Ninčić. On 2 April orders were issued for the evacuation of the German embassy, and the German <a href="/wiki/Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires" title="Chargé d'affaires">chargé d'affaires</a> advised the diplomats of friendly countries to leave the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197550–51_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197550–51-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 3 April, Führer Directive 26 was issued, detailing the plan of attack and command structure for the invasion. Hungary and Bulgaria were promised the <a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8Dka" title="Bačka">Bačka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Yugoslav Macedonia</a> respectively and the Romanian army was asked not to take part, holding its position at the countries' border.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964109_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964109-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internal conflict in Hungary over the invasion plans between the army and Teleki led to the Prime Minister's suicide that same evening. Also on 3 April, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Veesenmayer" title="Edmund Veesenmayer">Edmund Veesenmayer</a>, representing the <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop#Dienststelle_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop"><i>Dienststelle Ribbentrop</i></a>, arrived in Zagreb in preparation for a regime change.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200149_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200149-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Simović named Maček as Deputy Prime Minister once again in the new government, but Maček was reluctant and remained in Zagreb while he decided what to do. While he considered the coup had been an entirely Serbian initiative aimed at both Prince Paul and the Cvetković–Maček Agreement, he decided that he needed to show HSS support for the new government and that joining it was necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197547_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197547-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 April he travelled to Belgrade and accepted the post,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2003268_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2003268-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on several conditions; that the new government respect the Cvetković–Maček Agreement and expand the autonomy of the Banovina Croatia in some respects, that the new government respect the country's accession to the Tripartite Pact, and that one Serb and one Croat temporarily assume the role of regents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197548_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197548-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same day exiled Croatian politician and <i><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a></i> leader <a href="/wiki/Ante_Paveli%C4%87" title="Ante Pavelić">Ante Pavelić</a> called for Croats to start an uprising against the government over his Radio Velebit program based in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDizdar2007588_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDizdar2007588-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 April the new cabinet met for the first time. While the first two conditions set by Maček were met, the appointment of regents was impracticable given Prince Peter had been declared to be of age. Involving representatives from across the political spectrum, Simović's cabinet was "extremely disunited and weak".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197548–49_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197548–49-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It included members who fell into three groups; those who were strongly opposed to the Axis and prepared to face war with Germany, those who advocated peace with Germany, and those that were uncommitted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197549_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197549-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invasion_and_flight">Invasion and flight</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Invasion and flight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></div> <p>The Axis invasion of Yugoslavia began on 6 April. The <a href="/wiki/Operation_Retribution_(1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Retribution (1941)">bombing of Belgrade</a> forced the government to seek shelter outside the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From there, King Peter and Simović planned to leave for exile. Maček, refusing to leave the country, resigned on 7 April and designated <a href="/wiki/Juraj_Krnjevi%C4%87" title="Juraj Krnjević">Juraj Krnjević</a> as his successor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maček returned to Zagreb. Three other ministers also refused to leave Yugoslavia: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Andres" title="Ivan Andres">Ivan Andres</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bari%C5%A1a_Smoljan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bariša Smoljan (page does not exist)">Bariša Smoljan</a> of the HSS and Kulenović of the JMO.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government met on Yugoslav soil for the last time on 13 April near <a href="/wiki/Pale,_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Pale, Bosnia and Herzegovina">Pale</a>. From there they travelled to <a href="/wiki/Nik%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Nikšić">Nikšić</a> where they were flown out of the country to Athens.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200719_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200719-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Simović_cabinet"><span id="Simovi.C4.87_cabinet"></span>Simović cabinet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Simović cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Special:EditPage/Yugoslav government-in-exile">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1942_issued_government_in_exile_passport_by_Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires_in_Portugal_Milutin_Milovanovic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/1942_issued_government_in_exile_passport_by_Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires_in_Portugal_Milutin_Milovanovic.jpg/220px-1942_issued_government_in_exile_passport_by_Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires_in_Portugal_Milutin_Milovanovic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/1942_issued_government_in_exile_passport_by_Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires_in_Portugal_Milutin_Milovanovic.jpg/330px-1942_issued_government_in_exile_passport_by_Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires_in_Portugal_Milutin_Milovanovic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/1942_issued_government_in_exile_passport_by_Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires_in_Portugal_Milutin_Milovanovic.jpg/440px-1942_issued_government_in_exile_passport_by_Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires_in_Portugal_Milutin_Milovanovic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="1808" /></a><figcaption>1942 issued government in exile passport by Chargé d'affaires in Portugal Milutin Milovanovic.</figcaption></figure> <p>King Peter, all the main leaders of the coup d'état, most of Simović's cabinet and a number of government officials flew out of Yugoslavia to Greece on 14–15 April. After a brief stop in Athens, they travelled on to Jerusalem where they were temporarily accommodated. On 21 June, the king and most of the cabinet arrived in London. Several members of the cabinet that left Yugoslavia did not travel to London, and ended up in the United States or Canada. Some politicians and government officials travelled to Cape Town, South Africa, where they constituted a reserve government of sorts. <a href="/wiki/Bogoljub_Ili%C4%87" title="Bogoljub Ilić">Bogoljub Ilić</a>, who remained Minister of the Army and Navy and also became Chief of the General Staff in place of Simović, established a new Yugoslav Supreme Command in Cairo. The <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Army_Outside_the_Homeland" title="Yugoslav Army Outside the Homeland">remnants</a> of the Royal Yugoslav Army and Navy that had escaped the country were concentrated in Palestine and Egypt under his command. The government also appointed a special representative in the Middle East, Jovan Đonović, who was responsible for propaganda and communication with contacts in occupied Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975262_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975262-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the coup d'état had generated a significant amount of goodwill towards the post-coup government in the West, that spirit had evaporated with the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ignominious" class="extiw" title="wikt:ignominious">ignominious</a> defeat of the government and armed forces during the invasion. Much of the early effort of the Serb members of the cabinet was focussed on fixing the blame for the defeat on the <i>Ustaše</i> or even on Croats more generally.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975264_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975264-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was soon divided by the Axis into several entities. <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%9346)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)">Hungary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> annexed some border areas outright. A <a href="/wiki/German_question#Later_influence" title="German question">Greater Germany</a> was expanded to include most of <a href="/wiki/Drava_Banovina" title="Drava Banovina">Drava Banovina</a>. Italy added the <a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Dalmatia" title="Governorate of Dalmatia">Governorship of Dalmatia</a> and more than a third of western Drava Banovina to the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Italian Empire</a>. An expanded Croatia was recognized by the Axis as the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Nezavisna Država Hrvatska</a></i>, NDH). On paper, the NDH was a kingdom, and the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Aimone,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta">4th Duke of Aosta</a> was crowned as King Tomislav II of Croatia. The <a href="/wiki/Rump_state" title="Rump state">rump</a> <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">Serbian territory</a> became a military administration of Germany run by military governors, with a Serb civil government led by <a href="/wiki/Milan_Nedi%C4%87" title="Milan Nedić">Milan Nedić</a>. Nedić attempted to gain German recognition of Serbia as a successor state to Yugoslavia and claimed <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">King Peter II</a> as Serbia's monarch. <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">Puppet states</a> were also set up in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro_(1941%E2%80%9344)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Montenegro (1941–44)">Montenegro</a> and southern Yugoslavia. Hungary <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories" title="Hungarian occupation of Yugoslav territories">occupied and annexed several northern regions</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">King Peter II</a>, who had escaped into exile, was still recognized as king of the whole state of Yugoslavia by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>. Starting on 13 May 1941, the largely <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbian</a> "<a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Yugoslav Army of the Fatherland</a>" (<i>Jugoslovenska vojska u otadžbini</i>, or JVUO, or <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Četniks</a>) resisted the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia (the Chetniks later collaborated with the Axis). This anti-German and anti-communist <a href="/wiki/Resistance_movement" title="Resistance movement">resistance movement</a> was commanded by Royalist General <a href="/wiki/Dra%C5%BEa_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Draža Mihailović">Draža Mihailović</a>. For a long time, the Četniks were supported by the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and the Yugoslavian royal government in exile of King Peter II. </p><p>However, over the course of the war, effective power changed to the hands of <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>'s Communist <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisans</a>. In 1943, Tito proclaimed the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia#History" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Democratic Federative Yugoslavia</a> (<i>Demokratska federativna Jugoslavija</i>). The Allies gradually recognized Tito's forces as the stronger opposition to the German occupation. They began to send most of their aid to Tito's Partisans, rather than to the Royalist <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Četniks</a>. On 16 June 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Vis" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Vis">Tito–Šubašić agreement</a> was signed, merging the <i>de facto</i> and the <i>de jure</i> governments of Yugoslavia. </p><p>During his exile, King Peter II was educated at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge University</a>, served in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> and married <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Yugoslavia" title="Alexandra of Yugoslavia">Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark</a>, who was the only child of the late <a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Greece" title="Alexander of Greece">King Alexander I of Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aspasia_Manos" title="Aspasia Manos">Princess Aspasia of Greece and Denmark</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jovanović_cabinet"><span id="Jovanovi.C4.87_cabinet"></span>Jovanović cabinet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Jovanović cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jovanović took office as prime minister on 11 January 1942 with the dismissal of Simović. His original appointment as vice-premier in the Simović government had been in recognition of the respect he engendered, and because he was seen as a Serb counterpart to Maček as an overall leader of the Serbs across the country. He was a <a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">positivist</a>, non-romantic liberal who was opposed to both fascism and communism, but was not directly connected to any political party. Simović was dropped from the cabinet, as was Ilić, who had been Minister of the Army. The latter was replaced by Mihailović, but because he was in Yugoslavia, the government in London was now in the hands of civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch198193–94_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch198193–94-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trifunović_cabinet"><span id="Trifunovi.C4.87_cabinet"></span>Trifunović cabinet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Trifunović cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purić_cabinet"><span id="Puri.C4.87_cabinet"></span>Purić cabinet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Purić cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Šubašić_cabinet"><span id=".C5.A0uba.C5.A1i.C4.87_cabinet"></span>Šubašić cabinet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Šubašić cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Special:EditPage/Yugoslav government-in-exile">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Ivan_%C5%A0uba%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Ivan Šubašić">Ivan Šubašić</a> took office on 1 June 1944. He was appointed to negotiate with <a href="/wiki/Tito" class="mw-redirect" title="Tito">Tito</a> because of his special position in the Croatian Peasant Party, his loyalty to the <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evi%C4%87_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Karađorđević dynasty">Karađorđević dynasty</a>, his moderation in comparison with other Croatian politicians, and his experience in difficult situations. Nevertheless, his nomination after months of British pressure on the king depended on the elimination of Mihailovich from the cabinet. </p><p>Ten days after his nomination, Šubašić fled to the island of Vis in the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> in order to meet with Tito and try to form a coalition government. Tito agreed to postpone a decision on the form of government until the end of the war, and Šubašić, for his part, recognised that only the partisan administration of the Yugoslav territory would receive support. He also promised that the government would include only people who had not previously opposed Tito and his organisation, and that it would concentrate on securing international support. The agreement was signed on 16 June with no consultation by Šubašić or with the king. </p><p>After his return, Šubašić formed a government of five ministers, with two of them proposed by Tito. Mihailovich lost his position as war minister. He refused to recognise the new government and continued to proclaim his loyalty to the king. </p><p>On 12 September, the king went on the radio to ask people to support Tito. </p><p>Šubašić met with Tito in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> on 1 November. Under their agreement, the King was not authorised to return to the country until a plebiscite was held about the monarchy. After Šubašić returned to London, the king rejected the agreement and replaced Šubašić on 23 January 1945. But under British pressure, the king was compelled to call him back six days later and to accept the principle of a regency. </p><p>Two weeks later, Šubašić and his ministers went to Belgrade. A new coalition government was formed on 7 March, in which Tito controlled 20 ministers of 28. This ended the government in exile. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Foreign policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Allies" title="Yugoslavia and the Allies">Yugoslavia and the Allies</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Armed_forces">Armed forces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Armed forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Army_Outside_the_Homeland" title="Yugoslav Army Outside the Homeland">Yugoslav Army Outside the Homeland</a> and <a href="/wiki/No._10_(Inter-Allied)_Commando" title="No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando">No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando</a></div> <p>In exile, the Royal Yugoslav Forces were initially under the command of General <a href="/wiki/Bogoljub_Ili%C4%87" title="Bogoljub Ilić">Bogoljub Ilić</a> as minister of the Army, Navy and Air Force and chief of the General Staff, and General <a href="/wiki/Borivoje_Mirkovi%C4%87" title="Borivoje Mirković">Borivoje Mirković</a> as commander of the Air Force. There were initially about 1,000 men in these forces in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>. On 12 January 1942, the king dismissed the prime minister, Ilić and Mirković, provoking a mutiny by officers supportive of the Air Force general.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas34_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas34-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The king then appointed Colonel <a href="/wiki/Dragoljub_Mihailovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragoljub Mihailović">Dragoljub Mihailović</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Četniks</a> in Yugoslavia, as minister and chief of staff to replace Ilić <i>in absentia</i>; he then appointed General <a href="/wiki/Petar_%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87" title="Petar Živković">Petar Živković</a> to act as Mihailović's deputy in London and Cairo.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas34_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas34-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mihailović was dismissed in August 1944 as Allied support shifted away from the Četniks. On 7 March 1945, the king dissolved the government and disbanded the armed forces, proclaiming Tito's <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisans</a> on the ground to be the sole legitimate government and military.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas34_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas34-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first unit of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army">Royal Yugoslav Army</a> to be formed in exile was the 1st Battalion, Royal Yugoslav Guards, under Major Živan Knežević. It comprised a headquarters and four rifle companies (A, B, C and D). Of its original complement of 505 men, 411 were <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a> who had been conscripted into the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Italian_Army" title="Royal Italian Army">Royal Italian Army</a> and subsequently captured by the British.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas34_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas34-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1942, command of this unit passed to Lieutenant Colonel Miloje Dinić, and on 19 February to Lt. Col. Milan Prosen, after Dinić was implicated in the pro-Mirković mutiny. (He and 57 other Guards were interned by the British at the Torah camp in March, along with all 346 of the Yugoslav Air Force's ground personnel.)<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas35_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas35-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late February, the unit was ordered to relieve the Czechoslovak contingent at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tobruk" title="Siege of Tobruk">siege of Tobruk</a>, but was diverted to join the <a href="/wiki/11th_Indian_Infantry_Brigade" title="11th Indian Infantry Brigade">11th Brigade</a>, <a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="4th Infantry Division (India)">4th (Indian) Division</a> in Libya. In April, it retreated to <a href="/wiki/Halfaya_Pass" title="Halfaya Pass">Halfaya Pass</a> and then to <a href="/wiki/Mersa_Matruh" title="Mersa Matruh">Mersa Matruh</a>. In July, it was reassigned to the <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ninth Army (United Kingdom)">9th (British) Army</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a> to guard the oil refinery at <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas34_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas34-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1943, when Lt. Col. Franc Stropnik assumed command, the battalion was 850 strong and well-trained. It was attached to the <a href="/wiki/25th_Indian_Infantry_Brigade" title="25th Indian Infantry Brigade">25th Brigade</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_Indian_Infantry_Division" title="10th Indian Infantry Division">10th (Indian) Division</a>. Before the end of the year, monarchist and communist (pro-Tito) factions had appeared in the ranks; numbers dwindled. Barely the size of a company, a rump unit was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign (World War II)">Italian theatre</a> with its brigade in March 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas35_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas35-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was disbanded soon after, despite the recruitment of 2,000 captured Slovene conscripts assembled in <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a> by Prosen. The British refused to ferry these men to Cairo, so they were assigned labour duties.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas35_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas35-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the fall of Yugoslavia, 105 personnel of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Navy" title="Royal Yugoslav Navy">Royal Yugoslav Navy</a>, under Commander <a href="/w/index.php?title=Z._V._Adami%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z. V. Adamić (page does not exist)">Z. V. Adamić</a>, joined the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Fleet" title="Mediterranean Fleet">Mediterranean Fleet</a> at <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> in Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas35_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas35-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two <a href="/wiki/Motor_torpedo_boats" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor torpedo boats">motor torpedo boats</a> (MTBs), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_motor_torpedo_boat_Durmitor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yugoslav motor torpedo boat Durmitor (page does not exist)">Durmitor</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_motor_torpedo_boat_Kajmak%C4%8Dalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yugoslav motor torpedo boat Kajmakčalan (page does not exist)">Kajmakčalan</a></i>, and a submarine, <i><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_submarine_Neboj%C5%A1a" title="Yugoslav submarine Nebojša">Nebojša</a></i>, ran the gauntlet of the Adriatic, evading the <a href="/wiki/Regia_Marina" title="Regia Marina">Italian Navy</a>, and arrived in <a href="/wiki/Suda_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Suda Bay">Suda Bay</a> on 22–23 April before proceeding to Alexandria.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MTBs participated in the <a href="/wiki/Syria_and_Lebanon_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria and Lebanon campaign">Syria and Lebanon campaign</a>, while <i>Nebojša</i> undertook training exercises.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas35_53-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas35-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten floatplanes of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_order_of_battle_prior_to_the_invasion_of_Yugoslavia#Maritime_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav order of battle prior to the invasion of Yugoslavia">Naval Air Force</a> also escaped. On 3 June 1941, eight <a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_22" title="Dornier Do 22">Dornier Do 22kj</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Rogo%C5%BEarski_SIM-XIV-H" title="Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H">Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H</a> formed the 2 (Yugoslav) Squadron of the <a href="/wiki/No._230_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 230 Squadron RAF">No. 230 Squadron RAF</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Aboukir" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboukir">Aboukir</a>. They participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a> and patrolled the African coast until the unit was disbanded on 23 April 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas35_53-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas35-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 1943, Commander J. Saksida was given command of a torpedo boat flotilla based at <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, which included some former Yugoslav MTBs that had been captured by Italy in 1941 and then surrendered to the Allies after <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Italy's armistice</a>, as well as three minelayers: <i>Melinje</i>, <i>Miljet</i> and <i>Villa</i>. The Yugoslav Navy was also operating eight former American <a href="/wiki/PT_boat" title="PT boat">PT boats</a> and, after 11 January 1944, the ex-<a href="/wiki/HMS_Mallow_(K81)" title="HMS Mallow (K81)">HMS <i>Mallow</i></a> (renamed <i>Nada</i>), out of <a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a> in Italy. In March 1945, all Royal Yugoslav vessels assembled at <a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a> in preparation for the handover to Tito's forces, which occurred in August.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas35_53-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas35-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The negotiations for the transfer of the vessels under British command took place on <a href="/wiki/Vis_(island)" title="Vis (island)">Vis</a>. The royal representative was Captain <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Kern" title="Ivan Kern">Ivan Kern</a>, whom Tito later promoted to rear admiral. </p><p>The eleven aircraft of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Royal Yugoslav Air Force">Royal Yugoslav Air Force</a> to make it to Alexandria were requisitioned by the British. Several <a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.79" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.79">Savoia-Marchetti SM.79s</a> piloted by Yugoslavs joined <a href="/wiki/No._117_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 117 Squadron RAF">No. 117 Squadron RAF</a> and flew transport missions along the <a href="/wiki/Takoradi_air_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Takoradi air route">Takoradi air route</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 July 1942, the interned Yugoslav Air Force personnel and Guards in Alexandria were formed into the 244 Temporary Battalion of the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Own_Royal_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="King's Own Royal Regiment">King's Own Royal Regiment</a>, but after a pro-Tito mutiny in November 1943, the unit was disbanded. Its personnel were transferred to the diminished Royal Guards, while 224 of the Air Force men joined the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Air_Force" title="Balkan Air Force">Balkan Air Force</a> in Libya.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas35_53-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas35-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joined by Partisan volunteers, these men formed <a href="/wiki/No._352_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 352 Squadron RAF">No. 352 Squadron RAF</a> on 22 April 1944 and <a href="/wiki/No._352_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 352 Squadron RAF">No. 352 Squadron</a> on 1 July. They mainly flew <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricanes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfires</a> in operations over Yugoslavia in support of the Partisans. Both squadrons were disbanded on 15 June 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas35_53-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas35-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_Ministers">Prime Ministers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Prime Ministers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Portrait </th> <th rowspan="2">Name<br /><small>(Born-Died)</small> </th> <th colspan="2">Term of office </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th></tr> <tr> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #C3B091; width:1em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">1</span> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87.jpg/60px-Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87.jpg/90px-Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87.jpg/120px-Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87.jpg 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87" title="Dušan Simović">Dušan Simović</a><br /><small>(1882–1962)</small> </td> <td><small>27 April</small><br />1941 </td> <td><small>12 January</small><br />1942 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army">Royal Yugoslav Army</a></i>) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #DCDCDC; width:1em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">2</span> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slobodan_Jovanovi%C4%87,_by_Uro%C5%A1_Predi%C4%87_(1931).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Slobodan_Jovanovi%C4%87%2C_by_Uro%C5%A1_Predi%C4%87_%281931%29.jpg/60px-Slobodan_Jovanovi%C4%87%2C_by_Uro%C5%A1_Predi%C4%87_%281931%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Slobodan_Jovanovi%C4%87%2C_by_Uro%C5%A1_Predi%C4%87_%281931%29.jpg/90px-Slobodan_Jovanovi%C4%87%2C_by_Uro%C5%A1_Predi%C4%87_%281931%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Slobodan_Jovanovi%C4%87%2C_by_Uro%C5%A1_Predi%C4%87_%281931%29.jpg/120px-Slobodan_Jovanovi%C4%87%2C_by_Uro%C5%A1_Predi%C4%87_%281931%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Jovanović">Slobodan Jovanović</a><br /><small>(1869–1958)</small> </td> <td><small>12 January</small><br />1942 </td> <td><small>18 June</small><br />1943 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #404371; width:1em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">3</span> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Milo%C5%A1_Trifunovi%C4%87.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Milo%C5%A1_Trifunovi%C4%87.jpg/60px-Milo%C5%A1_Trifunovi%C4%87.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Milo%C5%A1_Trifunovi%C4%87.jpg/90px-Milo%C5%A1_Trifunovi%C4%87.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Milo%C5%A1_Trifunovi%C4%87.jpg/120px-Milo%C5%A1_Trifunovi%C4%87.jpg 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="319" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Trifunovi%C4%87_(politician)" title="Miloš Trifunović (politician)">Miloš Trifunović</a><br /><small>(1871–1957)</small> </td> <td><small>18 June</small><br />1943</td> <td><small>10 August</small><br />1943 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Radical_Party" title="People's Radical Party">People's Radical Party (NRS)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #DCDCDC; width:1em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">4</span> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bozidar_Puric.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bozidar_Puric.jpg/60px-Bozidar_Puric.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bozidar_Puric.jpg/90px-Bozidar_Puric.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bozidar_Puric.jpg/120px-Bozidar_Puric.jpg 2x" data-file-width="127" data-file-height="159" /></a></span></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEidar_Puri%C4%87" title="Božidar Purić">Božidar Purić</a><br /><small>(1891–1977)</small> </td> <td><small>10 August</small><br />1943 </td> <td><small>8 July</small><br />1944 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #02B14B; width:1em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">5</span> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivan_Subasic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ivan_Subasic.jpg/60px-Ivan_Subasic.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ivan_Subasic.jpg/90px-Ivan_Subasic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ivan_Subasic.jpg/120px-Ivan_Subasic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="225" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_%C5%A0uba%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Ivan Šubašić">Ivan Šubašić</a><br /><small>(1892–1955)</small> </td> <td><small>8 July</small><br />1944 </td> <td><small>7 March</small><br />1945 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">Croatian Peasant Party (HSS)</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196960–62-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich196960–62_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1969">Tomasevich 1969</a>, pp. 60–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196961–62-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich196961–62_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1969">Tomasevich 1969</a>, pp. 61–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet200676-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet200676_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196961-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich196961_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1969">Tomasevich 1969</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet200679–80-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet200679–80_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 79–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet200687-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet200687_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDragnich198399-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDragnich198399_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDragnich1983">Dragnich 1983</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoptner196328-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoptner196328_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoptner1963">Hoptner 1963</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197522–23-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197522–23_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, pp. 22–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts19877-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts19877_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoberts1987">Roberts 1987</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnslow200537-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnslow200537_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnslow200537_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOnslow2005">Onslow 2005</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingleton1985170-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingleton1985170_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingleton1985">Singleton 1985</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197523-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197523_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197524-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197524_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarič200535-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarič200535_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarič200535_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStarič2005">Starič 2005</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006106–107-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006106–107_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 106–107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarič200533-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarič200533_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStarič2005">Starič 2005</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarič200536-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarič200536_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStarič2005">Starič 2005</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHehn2005368–369-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHehn2005368–369_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHehn2005">Hehn 2005</a>, pp. 368–369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarič200538-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarič200538_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStarič2005">Starič 2005</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts19876–7-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts19876–7_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoberts1987">Roberts 1987</a>, pp. 6–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197530-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197530_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197531-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197531_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank2001171-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank2001171_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrank2001">Frank 2001</a>, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo19752-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilazzo19752_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMilazzo1975">Milazzo 1975</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStafford1977401-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStafford1977401_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStafford1977">Stafford 1977</a>, p. 401.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECreveld1973139-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreveld1973139_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreveld1973139_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCreveld1973">Creveld 1973</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197532_&_57-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197532_&_57_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, pp. 32 & 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960367-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960367_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPresseisen1960">Presseisen 1960</a>, p. 367.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368_30-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368_30-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPresseisen1960">Presseisen 1960</a>, p. 368.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStafford1977402-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStafford1977402_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStafford1977">Stafford 1977</a>, p. 402.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368–369-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368–369_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPresseisen1960">Presseisen 1960</a>, pp. 368–369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960369-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960369_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960369_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPresseisen1960">Presseisen 1960</a>, p. 369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStafford1977403-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStafford1977403_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStafford1977">Stafford 1977</a>, p. 403.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERametLazić201118-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERametLazić201118_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRametLazić2011">Ramet & Lazić 2011</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo19752–3-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilazzo19752–3_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMilazzo1975">Milazzo 1975</a>, pp. 2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964108-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964108_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964108_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964108_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrevor-Roper1964">Trevor-Roper 1964</a>, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197550–51-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197550–51_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, pp. 50–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964109-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964109_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrevor-Roper1964">Trevor-Roper 1964</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200149-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200149_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197547-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197547_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2003268-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2003268_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldstein2003">Goldstein 2003</a>, p. 268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197548-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197548_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDizdar2007588-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDizdar2007588_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDizdar2007">Dizdar 2007</a>, p. 588.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197548–49-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197548–49_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, pp. 48–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197549-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197549_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200719-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200719_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPavlowitch2007">Pavlowitch 2007</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975262-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975262_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975264-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975264_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch198193–94-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch198193–94_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPavlowitch1981">Pavlowitch 1981</a>, pp. 93–94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas34-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas34_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas34_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas34_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas34_52-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas34_52-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nigel Thomas (1991), <i>Foreign Volunteers of the Allied Forces, 1939–45</i> (Oxford: Osprey Publishing), 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas35-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas35_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas35_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas35_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas35_53-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas35_53-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas35_53-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas35_53-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas35_53-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas35_53-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas, <i>Foreign Volunteers</i>, 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a detailed account of their escape, cf. A. D. Divine (1944), <i>Navies in Exile</i> (New York: Dutton).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. D. Harvey (2015), "A Slow Start: Military Air Transport at the Beginning of the Second World War", <i>Air Power History</i> <b>62</b> (1): 6–15.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCreveld1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_van_Creveld" title="Martin van Creveld">Creveld, Martin L. Van</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ozg8AAAAIAAJ"><i>Hitler's Strategy 1940–1941: The Balkan Clue</i></a>. London, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20143-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20143-8"><bdi>978-0-521-20143-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Strategy+1940%E2%80%931941%3A+The+Balkan+Clue&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-521-20143-8&rft.aulast=Creveld&rft.aufirst=Martin+L.+Van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dozg8AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDragnich1983" class="citation book cs1">Dragnich, Alex N. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-84_kkgMf2QC"><i>The First Yugoslavia: Search for a Viable Political System</i></a>. Stanford, California: Hoover Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-7843-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-7843-3"><bdi>978-0-8179-7843-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Yugoslavia%3A+Search+for+a+Viable+Political+System&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-8179-7843-3&rft.aulast=Dragnich&rft.aufirst=Alex+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-84_kkgMf2QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank2001" class="citation book cs1">Frank, Tibor (2001). "Treaty Revision and Doublespeak: Hungarian Neutrality, 1939–1941". In Wylie, Neville (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RNh3v8miC0kC"><i>European Neutrals and Non-Belligerents During the Second World War</i></a>. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 150–191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-64358-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-64358-0"><bdi>978-0-521-64358-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Treaty+Revision+and+Doublespeak%3A+Hungarian+Neutrality%2C+1939%E2%80%931941&rft.btitle=European+Neutrals+and+Non-Belligerents+During+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=150-191&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-521-64358-0&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Tibor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRNh3v8miC0kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Goldstein" title="Ivo Goldstein">Goldstein, Ivo</a> (2003). <a href="/wiki/Slavko_Goldstein" title="Slavko Goldstein">Goldstein, Slavko</a> (ed.). <i>Hrvatska povijest</i> [<i>Croatian History</i>] (in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb, Croatia: Novi Liber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-6045-22-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-6045-22-8"><bdi>978-953-6045-22-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hrvatska+povijest&rft.place=Zagreb%2C+Croatia&rft.pub=Novi+Liber&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-953-6045-22-8&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHehn2005" class="citation book cs1">Hehn, Paul N. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nOALhEZkYDkC"><i>A Low Dishonest Decade : The Great Powers, Eastern Europe, and the Economic Origins of World War II, 1930–1941</i></a>. London, United Kingdom: Continuum International Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1761-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1761-9"><bdi>978-0-8264-1761-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Low+Dishonest+Decade+%3A+The+Great+Powers%2C+Eastern+Europe%2C+and+the+Economic+Origins+of+World+War+II%2C+1930%E2%80%931941&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-1761-9&rft.aulast=Hehn&rft.aufirst=Paul+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnOALhEZkYDkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoptner1963" class="citation book cs1">Hoptner, Jacob B. (1963). <i>Yugoslavia in crisis, 1934–1941</i>. New York, New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/310483760">310483760</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yugoslavia+in+crisis%2C+1934%E2%80%931941&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F310483760&rft.aulast=Hoptner&rft.aufirst=Jacob+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalcolm1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noel_Malcolm" title="Noel Malcolm">Malcolm, Noel</a> (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bosniashorthisto00malc"><i>Bosnia: A Short History</i></a></span>. New York, New York: New York University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-5520-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-5520-4"><bdi>978-0-8147-5520-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bosnia%3A+A+Short+History&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-5520-4&rft.aulast=Malcolm&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbosniashorthisto00malc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilazzo1975" class="citation book cs1">Milazzo, Matteo J. (1975). <i>The Chetnik Movement & the Yugoslav Resistance</i>. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-1589-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-1589-8"><bdi>978-0-8018-1589-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chetnik+Movement+%26+the+Yugoslav+Resistance&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-1589-8&rft.aulast=Milazzo&rft.aufirst=Matteo+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlowitch2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stevan_K._Pavlowitch" title="Stevan K. Pavlowitch">Pavlowitch, Stevan K.</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R8d2409V9tEC"><i>Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia</i></a>. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-895-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-895-5"><bdi>978-1-85065-895-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+New+Disorder%3A+The+Second+World+War+in+Yugoslavia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-895-5&rft.aulast=Pavlowitch&rft.aufirst=Stevan+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR8d2409V9tEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamet2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sabrina_P._Ramet" title="Sabrina P. Ramet">Ramet, Sabrina P.</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC"><i>The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005</i></a>. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8"><bdi>978-0-253-34656-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-Building+and+Legitimation%2C+1918%E2%80%932005&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34656-8&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTw3lEqi2-oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRametLazić2011" class="citation book cs1">Ramet, Sabrina P.; Lazić, Sladjana (2011). "The Collaborationist Regime of Milan Nedić". In Ramet, Sabrina P.; Listhaug, Ola (eds.). <i>Serbia and the Serbs in World War Two</i>. London, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 17–43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-27830-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-27830-1"><bdi>978-0-230-27830-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Collaborationist+Regime+of+Milan+Nedi%C4%87&rft.btitle=Serbia+and+the+Serbs+in+World+War+Two&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=17-43&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-230-27830-1&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rft.au=Lazi%C4%87%2C+Sladjana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Roberts_(writer)" title="Walter Roberts (writer)">Roberts, Walter R.</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=43CbLU8FgFsC"><i>Tito, Mihailović and the Allies: 1941–1945</i></a>. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-0773-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-0773-0"><bdi>978-0-8223-0773-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tito%2C+Mihailovi%C4%87+and+the+Allies%3A+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-0773-0&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Walter+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D43CbLU8FgFsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingleton1985" class="citation book cs1">Singleton, Fred (1985). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofyu0000sing"><i>A Short History of the Yugoslav Peoples</i></a></span>. New York, New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-27485-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-27485-2"><bdi>978-0-521-27485-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+the+Yugoslav+Peoples&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-521-27485-2&rft.aulast=Singleton&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshorthistoryofyu0000sing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jozo_Tomasevich" title="Jozo Tomasevich">Tomasevich, Jozo</a> (1969). "Yugoslavia During the Second World War". In <a href="/wiki/Wayne_S._Vucinich" title="Wayne S. Vucinich">Vucinich, Wayne S.</a> (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/contemporaryyugo0008vuci"><i>Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment</i></a></span>. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/contemporaryyugo0008vuci/page/59">59</a>–118. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/652337606">652337606</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yugoslavia+During+the+Second+World+War&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Yugoslavia%3A+Twenty+Years+of+Socialist+Experiment&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=59-118&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F652337606&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcontemporaryyugo0008vuci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich1975" class="citation book cs1">Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yoCaAAAAIAAJ"><i>War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks</i></a>. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0857-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0857-9"><bdi>978-0-8047-0857-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+The+Chetniks&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0857-9&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyoCaAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich2001" class="citation book cs1">Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC"><i>War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration</i></a>. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3615-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3615-2"><bdi>978-0-8047-3615-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+Occupation+and+Collaboration&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-3615-2&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfqUSGevFe5MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorkar2018" class="citation book cs1">Torkar, Blaz (2018). "The Yugoslav Armed Forces in Exile: From the Yugoslav Royal Guard Battalion to the Overseas Brigades". In Smetana, Vít (ed.). <i>Exile in London: The Experience of Czechoslovakia and the Other Occupied Nations, 1939-1945</i>. Prague: Karolinum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8024637013" title="Special:BookSources/978-8024637013"><bdi>978-8024637013</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Yugoslav+Armed+Forces+in+Exile%3A+From+the+Yugoslav+Royal+Guard+Battalion+to+the+Overseas+Brigades&rft.btitle=Exile+in+London%3A+The+Experience+of+Czechoslovakia+and+the+Other+Occupied+Nations%2C+1939-1945&rft.place=Prague&rft.pub=Karolinum&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-8024637013&rft.aulast=Torkar&rft.aufirst=Blaz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrevor-Roper1964" class="citation book cs1">Trevor-Roper, Hugh (1964). <i>Hitler's War Directives: 1939–1945</i>. London, United Kingdom: Sidgwick and Jackson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84341-014-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84341-014-0"><bdi>978-1-84341-014-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+War+Directives%3A+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Sidgwick+and+Jackson&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=978-1-84341-014-0&rft.aulast=Trevor-Roper&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journals">Journals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_government-in-exile&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDizdar2007" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dizdar, Zdravko (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=29738">"Bjelovarski ustanak od 7. do 10. travnja 1941"</a> [Bjelovar Uprising, 7 to 10 April 1941]. <i>Časopis za suvremenu povijest [Journal of Contemporary History]</i> (in Serbo-Croatian). <b>39</b> (3): 581–609.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C4%8Casopis+za+suvremenu+povijest+%5BJournal+of+Contemporary+History%5D&rft.atitle=Bjelovarski+ustanak+od+7.+do+10.+travnja+1941.&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=581-609&rft.date=2007-01&rft.aulast=Dizdar&rft.aufirst=Zdravko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D29738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadži-Jovančić2020" class="citation journal cs1">Hadži-Jovančić, Perica (March 2020). "Losing the Periphery: The British Foreign Office and Policy Towards Yugoslavia, 1935-1938". <i>Diplomacy & Statecraft</i>. <b>31</b> (1): 65–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09592296.2020.1721060">10.1080/09592296.2020.1721060</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214307055">214307055</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diplomacy+%26+Statecraft&rft.atitle=Losing+the+Periphery%3A+The+British+Foreign+Office+and+Policy+Towards+Yugoslavia%2C+1935-1938&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=65-90&rft.date=2020-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09592296.2020.1721060&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214307055%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Had%C5%BEi-Jovan%C4%8Di%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Perica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKay1991" class="citation journal cs1">Kay, M. A. (1991). "The Yugoslav Government-in-Exile and the Problems of Restoration". <i>East European Quarterly</i>. <b>25</b> (1): 1–19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=East+European+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Yugoslav+Government-in-Exile+and+the+Problems+of+Restoration&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-19&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Kay&rft.aufirst=M.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnslow2005" class="citation journal cs1">Onslow, Sue (March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/3395/1/Journal_of_International_History_2005_n8_Onslow.pdf">"Britain and the Belgrade Coup of 27 March 1941 Revisited"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Electronic Journal of International History</i> (8). University of London: 359–370. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-1443">1471-1443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Journal+of+International+History&rft.atitle=Britain+and+the+Belgrade+Coup+of+27+March+1941+Revisited&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=359-370&rft.date=2005-03&rft.issn=1471-1443&rft.aulast=Onslow&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsas-space.sas.ac.uk%2F3395%2F1%2FJournal_of_International_History_2005_n8_Onslow.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOpačić2003" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Opačić, Petar (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.27mart.com/images/File/005%20Petar%20Opacic%20-%20O%20pristupanju%20Jugoslavije...%20_cir_.pdf"><bdi lang="sr">О приступању Југославије Тројном пакту 1941. године</bdi></a> [On accession of Yugoslavia to the Tripartite Pact in 1941] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Okrugli sto 27. mart 1941: Knez Pavle u vihorima evropske politike [27 March 1941 Roundtable: Prince Paul in the whirlwinds of European policy]</i> (in Serbian), Belgrade: 27. mart 1941</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Okrugli+sto+27.+mart+1941%3A+Knez+Pavle+u+vihorima+evropske+politike+%5B27+March+1941+Roundtable%3A+Prince+Paul+in+the+whirlwinds+of+European+policy%5D&rft.atitle=%D0%9E+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%9A%D1%83+%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5+%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83+1941.+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Opa%C4%8Di%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Petar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.27mart.com%2Fimages%2FFile%2F005%2520Petar%2520Opacic%2520-%2520O%2520pristupanju%2520Jugoslavije...%2520_cir_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlowitch1981" class="citation journal cs1">Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (1981). "Out of Context: The Yugoslav Government in London, 1941–1945". <i>Journal of Contemporary History</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 89–118. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002200948101600106">10.1177/002200948101600106</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154800214">154800214</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=Out+of+Context%3A+The+Yugoslav+Government+in+London%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=89-118&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002200948101600106&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154800214%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Pavlowitch&rft.aufirst=Stevan+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlowitch1982" class="citation journal cs1">Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (1982). "The Foreign Office, King Peter and His Official Visit to Washington". <i>East European Quarterly</i>. <b>16</b> (4): 453–66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=East+European+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Foreign+Office%2C+King+Peter+and+His+Official+Visit+to+Washington&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=453-66&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Pavlowitch&rft.aufirst=Stevan+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlowitch1984" class="citation journal cs1">Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (1984). "Momčilo Ninčić and the European Policy of the Yugoslav Government in Exile, 1941-1943: I". <i>The Slavonic and East European Review</i>. <b>62</b> (3): 400–20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Slavonic+and+East+European+Review&rft.atitle=Mom%C4%8Dilo+Nin%C4%8Di%C4%87+and+the+European+Policy+of+the+Yugoslav+Government+in+Exile%2C+1941-1943%3A+I&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=400-20&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Pavlowitch&rft.aufirst=Stevan+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlowitch1984" class="citation journal cs1">Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (1984). "Momčilo Ninčić and the European Policy of the Yugoslav Government in Exile, 1941-1943: II". <i>The Slavonic and East European Review</i>. <b>62</b> (4): 531–51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Slavonic+and+East+European+Review&rft.atitle=Mom%C4%8Dilo+Nin%C4%8Di%C4%87+and+the+European+Policy+of+the+Yugoslav+Government+in+Exile%2C+1941-1943%3A+II&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=531-51&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Pavlowitch&rft.aufirst=Stevan+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPresseisen1960" class="citation journal cs1">Presseisen, Ernst L. (December 1960). "Prelude to "Barbarossa": Germany and the Balkans, 1940–1941". <i>Journal of Modern History</i>. <b>32</b> (4). University of Chicago Press: 359–370. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F238616">10.1086/238616</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1872611">1872611</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144699901">144699901</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Modern+History&rft.atitle=Prelude+to+%22Barbarossa%22%3A+Germany+and+the+Balkans%2C+1940%E2%80%931941&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=359-370&rft.date=1960-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144699901%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1872611%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F238616&rft.aulast=Presseisen&rft.aufirst=Ernst+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStafford1977" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_A._T._Stafford" title="David A. T. Stafford">Stafford, David A. T.</a> (September 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2494975">"SOE and British Involvement in the Belgrade Coup d'État of March 1941"</a>. <i>Slavic Review</i>. <b>36</b> (3). Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies: 399–419. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2494975">10.2307/2494975</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2494975">2494975</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159560969">159560969</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slavic+Review&rft.atitle=SOE+and+British+Involvement+in+the+Belgrade+Coup+d%27%C3%89tat+of+March+1941&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=399-419&rft.date=1977-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159560969%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2494975%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2494975&rft.aulast=Stafford&rft.aufirst=David+A.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%252F2494975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+government-in-exile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarič2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jerca_Vodu%C5%A1ek_Stari%C4%8D" title="Jerca Vodušek Starič">Starič, Jerca Vodušek</a> (2005). 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href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="Template:World War II in Yugoslavia"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="Template talk:World War II in Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II in Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II in Yugoslavia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1941</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li>Uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1941_Sanski_Most_revolt" title="May 1941 Sanski Most revolt">May 1941 Sanski Most revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1941_uprising_in_eastern_Herzegovina" title="June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina">June uprising in eastern Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rogatica_(1941)" title="Siege of Rogatica (1941)">Siege of Rogatica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Olovo_(1941)" title="Capture of Olovo (1941)">Olovo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Serbia_(1941)" title="Uprising in Serbia (1941)">Uprising in Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loznica_(1941)" title="Battle of Loznica (1941)">Battle of Loznica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Banja_Kovilja%C4%8Da" title="Capture of Banja Koviljača">Battle of Banja Koviljača</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_%C5%A0abac" title="Attack on Šabac">Attack on Šabac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dva_operation" title="Mačva operation">Mačva operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tre%C5%A1njica" title="Battle of Trešnjica">Battle of Trešnjica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Kru%C5%A1evac" title="Attack on Kruševac">Kruševac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kraljevo" title="Siege of Kraljevo">Kraljevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uzice" title="Operation Uzice">Operation Uzice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mihailovic" title="Operation Mihailovic">Operation Mihailovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_Pazar" title="Battle of Novi Pazar">Novi Pazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sjenica_(1941)" title="Battle of Sjenica (1941)">Sjenica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Montenegro_(1941)" title="Uprising in Montenegro (1941)">Uprising in Montenegro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pljevlja" title="Battle of Pljevlja">Battle of Pljevlja</a></li></ul></li> <li>Uprising in Croatia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Partisans#History" title="Croatian Partisans">Croatian Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srb_uprising" title="Srb uprising">Srb uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karadak-Gollak_Uprising_(1941%E2%80%931951)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak-Gollak Uprising (1941–1951)">Karadak-Gollak Uprising (1941–1951)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1942</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Southeast_Croatia" title="Operation Southeast Croatia">Operations Southeast Croatia and Ozren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Trio" title="Operation Trio">Operation Trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetnik_sabotage_of_Axis_communication_lines" title="Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines">Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozara_Offensive" title="Kozara Offensive">Kozara Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alfa" title="Operation Alfa">Operation Alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kopaonik" title="Operation Kopaonik">Operation Kopaonik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1943</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Case_White" title="Case White">Case White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Black" title="Case Black">Case Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Turjak" title="Siege of Turjak">Siege of Turjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kugelblitz" title="Operation Kugelblitz">Operation Kugelblitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vi%C5%A1egrad" title="Battle of Višegrad">Battle of Višegrad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kugelblitz" title="Operation Kugelblitz">Operations Kugelblitz and Schneesturm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)" title="Operation Rösselsprung (1944)">Operation Rösselsprung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_R%C3%BCbezahl" title="Operation Rübezahl">Operation Rübezahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Draufg%C3%A4nger" title="Operation Draufgänger">Operation Draufgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jelova_Gora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Jelova Gora (page does not exist)">Battle of Jelova Gora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Operation_(1944)" title="Kosovo Operation (1944)">Kosovo Operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Knin" title="Battle of Knin">Battle of Knin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tuzla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Tuzla (page does not exist)">Battle of Tuzla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Batina" title="Battle of Batina">Battle of Batina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostar_operation" title="Mostar operation">Mostar operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_Operation" title="Sarajevo Operation">Sarajevo Operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lijev%C4%8De_Field" title="Battle of Lijevče Field">Battle of Lijevče Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zelengora" title="Battle of Zelengora">Battle of Zelengora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poljana" title="Battle of Poljana">Battle of Poljana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Od%C5%BEak" title="Battle of Odžak">Battle of Odžak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Croatia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_in_World_War_II" title="Zagreb in World War II">Zagreb in World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Macedonia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslav_Macedonia" title="World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia">World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_during_World_War_II" title="Kosovo during World War II">Kosovo during World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slovenia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Slovene_Lands" title="World War II in the Slovene Lands">World War II in the Slovene Lands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Strategic bombing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belgrade <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Retribution_(1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Retribution (1941)">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Belgrade_(1944)" title="Bombing of Belgrade (1944)">1944</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Podgorica_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Podgorica in World War II">Podgorica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Sarajevo_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Sarajevo in World War II">Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Zadar_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Zadar in World War II">Zadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Zagreb_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Zagreb in World War II">Zagreb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>see also</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Factions_in_the_Yugoslav_Front" title="Template:Factions in the Yugoslav Front">Factions in the Yugoslav Front</a></b></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Template:People_of_the_Yugoslav_Front" title="Template:People of the Yugoslav Front">People of the Yugoslav Front</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governments_in_exile" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governments in exile"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" title="List of governments in exile during World War II">Governments in exile during World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgian_government_in_exile" title="Belgian government in exile">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Prime Minister: <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Pierlot" title="Hubert Pierlot">Hubert Pierlot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia"><img alt="Czechoslovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_government-in-exile" title="Czechoslovak government-in-exile">Czechoslovakia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>President: <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a><br />Prime Minister: <a href="/wiki/Jan_%C5%A0r%C3%A1mek" title="Jan Šrámek">Jan Šrámek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France"><img alt="Free France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Giraud" title="Henri Giraud">Henri Giraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Committee_of_National_Liberation" title="French Committee of National Liberation">French Committee of National Liberation</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1943–1945)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece"><img alt="Kingdom of Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greek_government-in-exile" title="Greek government-in-exile">Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Greece" title="George II of Greece">King George II</a><br />Prime Minister: <a href="/wiki/Emmanouil_Tsouderos" title="Emmanouil Tsouderos">Emmanouil Tsouderos</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1941–1944)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Sofoklis_Venizelos" title="Sofoklis Venizelos">Sofoklis Venizelos</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1944)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papandreou" title="Georgios Papandreou">Georgios Papandreou</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1944–1945)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_government_in_exile" title="Luxembourg government in exile">Luxembourg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_Grand_Duchess_of_Luxembourg" title="Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg">Grand Duchess Charlotte</a><br />Prime Minister: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Dupong" title="Pierre Dupong">Pierre Dupong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_government-in-exile" title="Dutch government-in-exile">Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Queen Wilhelmina</a><br />Prime Minister: <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Jan_de_Geer" title="Dirk Jan de Geer">Dirk Jan de Geer</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1940)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Sjoerds_Gerbrandy" title="Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy">Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1940–1945)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nygaardsvold%27s_Cabinet" title="Nygaardsvold's Cabinet">Norway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_VII_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon VII of Norway">King Haakon VII</a><br />Prime Minister: <a href="/wiki/Johan_Nygaardsvold" title="Johan Nygaardsvold">Johan Nygaardsvold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile">Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>President: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Raczkiewicz" title="Władysław Raczkiewicz">Władysław Raczkiewicz</a><br />Prime Minister: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski">Władysław Sikorski</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1939–1943)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Miko%C5%82ajczyk" title="Stanisław Mikołajczyk">Stanisław Mikołajczyk</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1943–1944)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Arciszewski" title="Tomasz Arciszewski">Tomasz Arciszewski</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1944–1945)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Kingdom of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yugoslavia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">King Peter II</a><br />Prime Minister: <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87" title="Dušan Simović">Dušan Simović</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1941–1942)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Jovanović">Slobodan Jovanović</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1942–1943)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Trifunovi%C4%87_(politician)" title="Miloš Trifunović (politician)">Miloš Trifunović</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1943)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEidar_Puri%C4%87" title="Božidar Purić">Božidar Purić</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1943–1944)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_%C5%A0uba%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Ivan Šubašić">Ivan Šubašić</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1944–1945)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Unrecognised or non-autonomous bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Democratic_Union" title="Austrian Democratic Union">Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Danish_Freedom_Council" title="Danish Freedom Council">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines"><img alt="Commonwealth of the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Government_in_exile_of_the_Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Government in exile of the Commonwealth of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> 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