CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c6ee0f5b88cdd2',cH: 'CpoTLg6R9ftvtfdlhF40Tr56N8imvmvI_CytjID8NjM-1741317342-1.2.1.1-2aCe_n243LnZ1Z.xKmU42w2sqWnlPmSotTXtbc6CJhU9DUbysSVElvx1mbRA0AKl',cUPMDTk: "\/149\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=RSawgGxxiF_ayeTO5bv7BRmZeCKy3joZwVQKVJdoBrM-1741317342-1.0.1.1-fCp7sDeFLga8sl6XTRORfA1Qk7gRLxBP1VBeV8QYus8",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741317342',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/149\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=RSawgGxxiF_ayeTO5bv7BRmZeCKy3joZwVQKVJdoBrM-1741317342-1.0.1.1-fCp7sDeFLga8sl6XTRORfA1Qk7gRLxBP1VBeV8QYus8",md: "q2_2dt_b0bCkzuc43xoJxk.qrtBQiCAD4bH16Hh6oEs-1741317342-1.2.1.1-eYE09vu6dxeisQkwk8P92BI0M2e5nzj.BUP8YjnLekO03QWDnyS3AxJKLafOovW4kGDfFkpseqwP33OoW5a8EFuF5uHgxYwQn7tD6BnxO3A8L5.Ho721mBXPxQEEzG3.Abo2sbYpcwU05WeXSrG0LH68G.0gbcqtybiTQfhVF4WT04PWfk5p1KZKcatRU0i8fvnLaGMiWH2Lk.MnjV0rvvH5s0uc0WW68IvKxm4WkZ73_wggGFcomMfD6WW41JTVMEbLBw06ungyC9PnMmcZC8AfTHihS0oTyEpYDJEZ.Jk19mt0iurPKeOGz0f.X_Vf1WP_uEHR_5DYoywGSkORCes9gp0u1oYRe4ueacURLKFVtrhYg8liPETkbMAgtLKHPZ48PSph6NxGz34UO8BANO0r.6I9CFl2nNxuB1kTYhx44zwFtpwEsa8TE97.BzzW5TxCarYiiG0v4qyH8hgdP6fbaLXs2Wau7.A.Tckj8dGBXcQpZuZEiVq4cWiMf8BqiTF85Nsi1Cs.TEE.Gu.Ica6WvoHLqc99oXqXJecfZjyEtY85iqMRKxO_tMWci6CiQao8EJ9_U6iGz4SquuZs42hYVElE4VPWS5q.yZjVpFFFTpUPaYR65OUMrCrkNgnvyIF6nA3SDeal1HtAqTHWyxPncdHImTNQz_MGJssAPbhvrx7Abv_cgSt8Hr_0OcTPgPfg6j8IQsxJh8z.cbJe1Uk0xPRL2C85FEhhk6OoZBVvj16L.fx.j4lonsofzjAN7zVFsY9TCPg9LDu92Z5nbJL_v7Fhk8myuQj6C7y64cQlOO0MCSWtX0tcP9eoBy5jHQZ57_rXsUlzi4gpV7kgic3AraoYVFvYar.uDuN46ACvoDDhyYyM1pI5DJrjJCztLTfUhEzjTVg5POCIHwz.Tq7ld4u.o8VQ8jlnFzB3WP_mAGWdc8QoOIwVED6XWoovRxvPpPQDHQCL1s3lFaKh8xbmkVPUlQ1SVp_iE2K3cvbCWbSohcoWGZFa5eDNAN1YXYe2VdMWebmw4WqBEI7M9GNRYvw6TucT_5Vuwzeo6jxJxGcS9Y.jDJPAIPgBCg51Cb_XOVd9Fk6FqcddP_JYVkcYGDsa62w7yZQm_3tThncr2G4vhoCRKyJcx_oXo6p1vdhvC_Yog0j5Ui52OEdFbgOIErd.WgvUIGhj.3yFccJVn15RvSxsmJZOh_ZvXTiP",mdrd: "n0n0Q6TaOzu2tuWLu97M2Xax5vkWqXavMWxcUWsjdz0-1741317342-1.2.1.1-HhW50TSPS7vf9j91LWMePQVK2kPC_UG_9k9iKqWvEsJDjoMNrTRmCmThvTNBdPQjFOwg9yfTsHTHOGNoZ.dZRvijiveRRqoo8.8yQaVTtzs9yL5BMLDHlkBJTC2S33FxU7R7sZ66uzj4_KTFtPh0qXuAHaO8W1z02Hm7Gl9jX_.vP1X_01FBNINM8FbRqZU407a7gQ5H_ACHhkmvxXx7HaX4jU4GKbO1ICANcn5kAkYwaOF50GuKtzpZwHL0v8TJ4ihPLC7nIl.0N13H05V0BdHI0adPlNJmQB0EySuewR984BdDxIqZjdW7QOODulReSPIqGxJ7psrJtg7KpSoy_Zdu7G_jybbJwYmHXWxOlvv8dtIUprkEJZFVr4_P16F8XrK1E5nSRJb1c1BcJdqoyL_LZcQG6dkq00hcu4JG.mO_QpvNoVLLP9tovdJlDKKV1Mwudkn8kbFsoZb1pPpMhVT0dZpFuPqNJOXqdWSY.4cjpGGw7C.P92WWXRDdkvsM1vgC3AlHEokEo45IizQqLp6yKT4jiC7QnmYcZ5rjwhNiFHAnsEhPLC1aGXlI0f7N8FO51zTqNQunEQXGKNCbe1zr_H7AaxtJ9UykJdhAjxnwtJSHV3hbhGXwN57bJnVfactyMXhEPvsgz6uE_xEh.47pFDk2BvAWh1agrFWd2KvDXQz4LrUiYKkXDJEkqnNXN78rMRWRm7vRwRrPUhNucQklKOdOj4AkChd51bU0z6QMKAKmTgtT2Uzfh5_sZYCRmq93fLJC._uB7gQ4yTMt8VC0u43h6ey_YkXClDr4XI8podhCXCSKypmnw8ERXsHtyaml9ZSA.Yn_yxxrGoA8tjiChuyobNzfD94hU.sMb6wGb.fT_XfUOqgMb3E_MmXKqiluVdMxDnsffDHqI14nqxlBEO7P.IVF_EruJvxgr3K2aotzOLue_Yn5hPsEGDRsNUUQjXzc_rvRSxTMY6qnCvZblFjeWNprdpDyZqX3dz5nfHhoEW9A2AZfkhFplhCG15wl3TWG3EFZU73xT1zrd8QnnN.ImXmgd6vxY5waHjW_ndHX2KtdXeLIz18x57WLqc5BHdIEC6KPN.hJKfSFe8w29Pdd6k.Pgi1TYOMSo32CDfIkKK0pYGo_65hnUX4QQTQQe2zcZRq785z5AIDjyGe5chO4gNumqrbX1C_8KDbc_MGHibx5gAEE_lXyZl8TU4mQI73hn7APYNWxMWKwBp_ZGuQlFkWI_99SLmplFnXV7vAYpWXZrChKTvP26m71AIl7VL8omcL3Gfm.zKJNs3pj16GnccMxbETDne_uianoV.Sj1dIWA.sKfU5j7GauMkc.oaC6ViLmty4up9zqDX7KuTHqRMwXypWyvVN691RdREo8BdkNfCO.TALDERbZZD36aPglTrWNIrf.aS9e2vmpnKQCU63xn_M5ZHtRDv_RKydMi7OeyE3jmTACVrfxfPi4Cg6MDpp0XRHWNF.qYcgCSHXb7aD0S67vQjIP0gKqf3lIMz6uMRN6wN901INC5Kc8XH3bCFZZoHucYbFsI2cLWsSy6uDPljvtYaAVyzdK1uMoUflZtpj7EpviToT1IdPXZamuoXsJLxi5_8qHfRsQbATfSJa2G3Inuw00MVy08Dih1kNs7vZeaXbXtJxUJ9X2x_BK.Aa84rBqBcXk8_xbgxr1OOnD9sWAU4MnYo9OvNs8wsDvmT.zEvguTGx1ha6xFeaZ6lHdsdWHFkveSKrFJQVfKiAsqdN.71VFuFgbsmSGad3.VQGmIn4XrOH3KQwlCOcPJsJLDKwk_3xjvZcxVW6HDygHqHTpla.AKu4AkolPZkjLl0Y5_b.fUKQqXAFYHnUBSFIUvTnlpzBuOuIqr121zWCbNnphmLxLEKYj6uM909fuv3eOX5Yl0040xBnuTZHB.wJ8KKV_mPTGSy0yvzxXKAp91j5BHUD8BTZghcLWFANp3_Dv8iCxl0cP"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c6ee0f5b88cdd2';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/149\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=RSawgGxxiF_ayeTO5bv7BRmZeCKy3joZwVQKVJdoBrM-1741317342-1.0.1.1-fCp7sDeFLga8sl6XTRORfA1Qk7gRLxBP1VBeV8QYus8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>