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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jiu-jitsutik_judorako_bilakaera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jiu-jitsutik_judorako_bilakaera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Jiu-jitsutik judorako bilakaera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jiu-jitsutik_judorako_bilakaera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Garai_modernoak_eta_nazioarteko_garapena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garai_modernoak_eta_nazioarteko_garapena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Garai modernoak eta nazioarteko garapena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garai_modernoak_eta_nazioarteko_garapena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judoaren_kode_morala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judoaren_kode_morala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Judoaren kode morala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judoaren_kode_morala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erritua_edo_etiketa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erritua_edo_etiketa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Erritua edo etiketa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Erritua_edo_etiketa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Erritua edo etiketa azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Erritua_edo_etiketa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Askotariko_agurrak_dojoan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Askotariko_agurrak_dojoan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Askotariko agurrak dojoan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Askotariko_agurrak_dojoan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agur_moduak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agur_moduak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Agur moduak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agur_moduak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teknikak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teknikak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Teknikak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Teknikak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Teknikak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Teknikak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nage_waza_(lurreko_proiekzio_teknikak)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nage_waza_(lurreko_proiekzio_teknikak)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Nage waza (lurreko proiekzio teknikak)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nage_waza_(lurreko_proiekzio_teknikak)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ashi_waza_(zango_teknikak)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ashi_waza_(zango_teknikak)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Ashi waza (zango teknikak)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ashi_waza_(zango_teknikak)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koshi_waza_(aldaka_teknikak)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koshi_waza_(aldaka_teknikak)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Koshi waza (aldaka teknikak)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koshi_waza_(aldaka_teknikak)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Te_waza_(esku-sorbalda_teknikak)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Te_waza_(esku-sorbalda_teknikak)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Te waza (esku-sorbalda teknikak)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Te_waza_(esku-sorbalda_teknikak)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sutemi_waza_(sakrifizio_teknikak)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sutemi_waza_(sakrifizio_teknikak)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Sutemi waza (sakrifizio teknikak)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sutemi_waza_(sakrifizio_teknikak)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Katame_waza_(lurreko_kontrol_teknikak)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Katame_waza_(lurreko_kontrol_teknikak)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Katame waza (lurreko kontrol teknikak)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Katame_waza_(lurreko_kontrol_teknikak)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Osae_waza_(menderatze_teknikak)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osae_waza_(menderatze_teknikak)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Osae waza (menderatze teknikak)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osae_waza_(menderatze_teknikak)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shime_waza_(itotze_teknikak)_(besoen_teknika_ona,_besoak_ondo_estututa)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shime_waza_(itotze_teknikak)_(besoen_teknika_ona,_besoak_ondo_estututa)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Shime waza (itotze teknikak) (besoen teknika ona, besoak ondo estututa)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shime_waza_(itotze_teknikak)_(besoen_teknika_ona,_besoak_ondo_estututa)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kansetsu_waza_(luxazioak)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kansetsu_waza_(luxazioak)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Kansetsu waza (luxazioak)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kansetsu_waza_(luxazioak)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atemi_waza_(kolpe_teknikak)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atemi_waza_(kolpe_teknikak)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Atemi waza (kolpe teknikak)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atemi_waza_(kolpe_teknikak)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tatamia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tatamia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tatamia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tatamia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Janzkera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Janzkera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Janzkera</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Janzkera-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Janzkera azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Janzkera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judogia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judogia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Judogia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judogia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obia_edo_gerrikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obia_edo_gerrikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Obia edo gerrikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obia_edo_gerrikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graduak_edo_gerrikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graduak_edo_gerrikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Graduak edo gerrikoak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Graduak_edo_gerrikoak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Graduak edo gerrikoak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Graduak_edo_gerrikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alderdi_orokorrak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alderdi_orokorrak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Alderdi orokorrak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alderdi_orokorrak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oinarrizko_graduen_eskala_(edo_kolorezko_gerrikoak)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oinarrizko_graduen_eskala_(edo_kolorezko_gerrikoak)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Oinarrizko graduen eskala (edo kolorezko gerrikoak)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oinarrizko_graduen_eskala_(edo_kolorezko_gerrikoak)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-15_urtetik_beherakoentzako_oinarrizko_graduen_irudia_(kyu)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#15_urtetik_beherakoentzako_oinarrizko_graduen_irudia_(kyu)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>15 urtetik beherakoentzako oinarrizko graduen irudia (kyu)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-15_urtetik_beherakoentzako_oinarrizko_graduen_irudia_(kyu)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goi_mailako_graduen_eskala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goi_mailako_graduen_eskala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Goi mailako graduen eskala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goi_mailako_graduen_eskala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lehiaketa_arauak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lehiaketa_arauak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Lehiaketa arauak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lehiaketa_arauak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Lehiaketa arauak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lehiaketa_arauak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Epaileak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epaileak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Epaileak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epaileak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Borroka_eremua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Borroka_eremua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Borroka eremua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Borroka_eremua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Borrokaldiaren_garapena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Borrokaldiaren_garapena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Borrokaldiaren garapena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Borrokaldiaren_garapena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irabazlea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irabazlea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Irabazlea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irabazlea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epailearen_keinuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epailearen_keinuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Epailearen keinuak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epailearen_keinuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lehiaketak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lehiaketak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Lehiaketak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lehiaketak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Lehiaketak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lehiaketak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pisuaren_araberako_sailkapena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pisuaren_araberako_sailkapena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Pisuaren araberako sailkapena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pisuaren_araberako_sailkapena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazioarteko_lehiaketak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazioarteko_lehiaketak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Nazioarteko lehiaketak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazioarteko_lehiaketak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Eduki-taula" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Judo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 127 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-127" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">127 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جودو – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جودو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جيدو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جيدو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جودو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جودو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yudu" title="Yudu – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yudu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="जूडो – awadhiera" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जूडो" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BCdo" title="Cüdo – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cüdo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جودو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جودو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzioduo" title="Dzioduo – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dzioduo" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Джудо – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джудо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B" title="জুডো – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জুডো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="འབོལ་འཇུ། – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འབོལ་འཇུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEudo" title="Džudo – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Džudo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%99" title="ᏧᏙ – txerokiera" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏧᏙ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="txerokiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%86" title="جودۆ – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جودۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiwdo" title="Jiwdo – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jiwdo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Τζούντο – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζούντο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B4udo" title="Ĵudo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĵudo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جودو – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جودو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BAd%C3%B3" title="Júdó – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Júdó" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%ABd%C5%8D" title="Jūdō – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Jūdō" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8B" title="જુડો – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જુડો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95" title="ג'ודו – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ודו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="जूडो – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जूडो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEudo" title="Džudo – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Džudo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jido" title="Jido – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jido" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cselg%C3%A1ncs" title="Cselgáncs – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cselgáncs" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%B8" title="Ձյուդո – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձյուդո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judoo" title="Judoo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Judoo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BAd%C3%B3" title="Júdó – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Júdó" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E9%81%93" title="柔道 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="柔道" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D" title="ძიუდო – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძიუდო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzyudo" title="Dzyudo – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Dzyudo" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8B" title="ಜೂಡೋ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೂಡೋ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%8F%84" title="유도 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iudo" title="Iudo – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iudo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – liguriera" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziudo" title="Dziudo – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dziudo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEudo" title="Džudo – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džudo" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E-%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзю-до – mokxera" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Дзю-до" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Џудо – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џудо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B" title="ജൂഡോ – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജൂഡോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D2%AF%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Жүдо – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жүдо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="ဂျူဒို – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျူဒို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="जुडो – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जुडो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="जुडो – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जुडो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8B" title="ਜੂਡੋ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੂਡੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%88%D9%88" title="جوڈو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جوڈو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جودو – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جودو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – erretorromaniera" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="erretorromaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Джудо – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Джудо" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%B3" title="ᱡᱩᱰᱳ – santalera" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱩᱰᱳ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – sardiniera" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%8A%D9%88" title="جوڊو – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جوڊو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEudo" title="Džudo – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Džudo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%9D" title="ජූඩෝ – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජූඩෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEudo" title="Džudo – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Džudo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhudoja" title="Xhudoja – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xhudoja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Џудо – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џудо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B" title="யுடோ – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யுடோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B" title="జూడో – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జూడో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Ҷуду – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷуду" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94" title="ยูโด – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยูโด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz%C3%BDudo" title="Dzýudo – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Dzýudo" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zudo" title="Zudo – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Zudo" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%88%D9%88" title="جوڈو – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جوڈو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzudo" title="Dzudo – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dzudo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E9%81%93" title="柔道 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="柔道" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D" title="ძიუდო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ძიუდო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%93%D7%90" title="דזשודא – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דזשודא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E9%81%93" title="柔道 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="柔道" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C3%BB-t%C5%8D" title="Jiû-tō – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jiû-tō" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E9%81%93" title="柔道 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="柔道" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11420#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eztabaida:Judo" rel="discussion" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida 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esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Judo" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&oldid=9878404" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Judo&id=9878404&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJudo"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJudo"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Judo"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Judo&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E9%81%93" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11420" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-1-Wikipedia10000" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_guztiek_izan_beharreko_artikuluen_zerrenda/3._maila" title="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/20px-Wikipedia-1000.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/40px-Wikipedia-1000.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-2-HezkuntzaPrograma" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza" title="Artikulu hau "Kalitatezko 2.000 artikulu 12-16 urteko ikasleentzat" proiektuaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau "Kalitatezko 2.000 artikulu 12-16 urteko ikasleentzat" proiektuaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/20px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/40px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 1.5x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="794" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Judo_kata_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Judo_kata_1.JPG/220px-Judo_kata_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Judo_kata_1.JPG/330px-Judo_kata_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Judo_kata_1.JPG/440px-Judo_kata_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1087" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><i>Tachi waza</i> judo teknika (2011).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Judoa</b> (japonieraz 柔道 <i>jūdō</i>, hitzez hitz hartua «bide samurra» edo «malgutasunaren bidea») <a href="/wiki/Japoniar" title="Japoniar">japoniar</a> <a href="/wiki/Borroka-arte" title="Borroka-arte">borroka arte</a> bat da, 1882an <a href="/wiki/Jigor%C5%8D_Kan%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Jigorō Kanō">Jigorō Kanōk</a> sortua, <a href="/wiki/Pedagogia" title="Pedagogia">pedagogia</a> fisiko, mental eta moral gisa. Borroka bide tradizionalarekin alderatuta, judoa <i>shin budō</i> bat da, hau da, «borroka arte modernoa», beraren adar bat bilakatu baita <a href="/wiki/Borroka-kirol" title="Borroka-kirol">borroka kirol</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kirol_olinpiko" title="Kirol olinpiko">kirol olinpiko</a>, <a href="/wiki/1964ko_Udako_Olinpiar_Jokoak" title="1964ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak">1964ko Tokioko Olinpiar Jokoen</a> karietara. </p><p>21 urte zituela, borroka arteetako maisuen hiru <i>densho</i> (<i>menkyo</i> edo irakaskuntza baimenen baliokideak) eskuraturik, Jigorō Kanōk bere metodo propioa hartu zuen, «<i>jūdō kodōkan</i>» izendatuta.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1920an, bere artearen filosofia bi goibururen bidez definitu zuen: «<i>Seiryoku zenyo</i>», energiaren erabilera egokia, eta «<i>Jita kyoei</i>», elkarrekiko laguntza eta oparotasuna. </p><p>Kanōk borroka arteen eskola zaharretako edozein teknika arriskutsu baztertu zuen, judoa <a href="/wiki/Hezkuntza_sistema" title="Hezkuntza sistema">hezkuntza sistema</a> bat bihurtzeko, jarduera fisiko eta moralerako, bere herrialdeko gazteentzat. Aldarazi egin zuen esku biluzizko borroka gerlari eta basati hura (gaur egun <a href="/wiki/Jiu-jitsu" title="Jiu-jitsu">jiu-jitsu</a> izenaz ezagutzen dena) etikaren eta autokontrolaren bilaketa nagusi dituen arte bat bihurtzeraino, norberaren nortasuna eta gogo aldarte konstruktibo eta ez-bortitza garatzeko. </p><p>Norgehiagokan, judokaren helburu nagusia da aurkaria botatzea, edo lurrera eramatea eta geldiaraztea (kontrol teknikak), edo giltzadurekin eta itotzeekin uztera behartzea. Judoaren arauak eboluzionatu egin dira borroka artearen eta perkusio tekniken sorreratik, eta arma tradizionalak ez daude baimenduta, non eta ez den forma teorikoan (<i>kata</i>); ez dira onartzen ez lehian, ezta praktika librean (<i>randori</i>) ere . </p><p>Judoa egiten den lekuari <i>dojo</i> deitzen zaio (道場, <i>dōjō</i>, hitzez hitz «bidea ikasteko lekua»). <i>Judoka</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> izena jasotzen duten kirolariek <a href="/wiki/Kotoi" title="Kotoi">kotoi</a> indartuko jantzi bat daramate, <i>judogi</i> izenekoa, nahiz jende askok <i><a href="/wiki/Kimono" title="Kimono">kimono</a></i> esaten dion, oker, <a href="/wiki/Kimono" title="Kimono">kimono</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hitzak beste arropa mota bat adierazten baitu japonieraz). Judogia zuria da gehienetan, baina nazioarteko lehiaketetan borrokalarien arteko bereizketa errazteko, bi judoketako batek judogi urdin bat eraman dezake. Judoa oinutsik egiten da, eta judogiaren azpian biluzik gizonezkoetan, edo barrengo kamiseta zuri batekin, emakumezkoetan. </p><p>Judokek entrenamenduak eta lehiaketak egiten dituzte lauki formako gainazal lau batean, <a href="/wiki/Tatami" title="Tatami">tatami</a> izenekoa. Tatamia elkarren ondoan jarritako alfonbra multzo batek osatzen du. Hauek dentsitate handiko apar hedatuz eginda daude, horrela erorketak leuntzeko. Hasieran, arroz txirikordatuaren lauza lodi eta trinko bat erabiltzen zen. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Jigoro_Kano_and_Kyuzo_Mifune_(restoration).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jigoro_Kano_and_Kyuzo_Mifune_%28restoration%29.jpg/220px-Jigoro_Kano_and_Kyuzo_Mifune_%28restoration%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jigoro_Kano_and_Kyuzo_Mifune_%28restoration%29.jpg/330px-Jigoro_Kano_and_Kyuzo_Mifune_%28restoration%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jigoro_Kano_and_Kyuzo_Mifune_%28restoration%29.jpg/440px-Jigoro_Kano_and_Kyuzo_Mifune_%28restoration%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="1120" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kan%C5%8D_Jigor%C5%8D" title="Kanō Jigorō">Kanō Jigorō</a> eta Kyuzo Mifune judokak.</figcaption></figure> <p>Judoaren jatorria <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonian</a> dago, <a href="/wiki/XVII._mendea" title="XVII. mendea">XVII. mendean</a>. Garai hartan, klase militarrak eragina handia zuen eta, ondorioz, herrialdean armarik gabeko borroka jarduera bezala sustatu zen. </p><p>Judoa sortu zen momentua berezia izan zen; Japonia garai hartako sistema <a href="/wiki/Feudalismo" title="Feudalismo">feudaletik</a> irteten ari zen, mendebaldeko herrialdeak baino ehunka urte geroago. 1853an sinatu zituen lehen laguntasun hitzarmenak <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europako</a> herrialde batzuekin eta, pixkanaka-pixkanaka, nazioarteko komertziora hedatzen hasi zen. 1867an botere politiko guztia enperadorearen esku geratu eta <a href="/wiki/Feudalismo" title="Feudalismo">feudalismoa</a> desagertu zen; aldaketa politiko horiek guztiek Japoniako modernizazioa ekarri zuten. </p><p>Garai modernoan ezagutzen den judoa, <a href="/wiki/Jigor%C5%8D_Kan%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Jigorō Kanō">Jigorō Kanōk</a> (嘉納治五郎 <i>Kanō Jigorō</i>) sortu zuen 1882an, kirol praktika garatu eta bultzatzeko xedez, <a href="/wiki/Jiu-jitsu" title="Jiu-jitsu">jiu-jitsu</a> izeneko babes sisteman oinarrituta. Kanō konplexio txikiko mutikoa zen gaztetan, eta, fisikoki indartsu sentitzeko, jiu-jitsu ikasten hasi zen. Teknika barneratuta, <a href="/wiki/Borroka-arte" title="Borroka-arte">borroka arte</a> berri bat sortu zuen, non alderdi fisikoa ez baitzen funtsezko elementua.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Judoaren ospea pixkanaka-pixkanaka areagotzen joan zen, izan ere, 1964an, <a href="/wiki/1964ko_Udako_Olinpiar_Jokoak" title="1964ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak">Tokion</a>, gizonezkoen kategoria <a href="/wiki/Kirol_olinpiko" title="Kirol olinpiko">kirol olinpiko</a> bilakatu zen. Ondoren, <a href="/wiki/1992ko_Udako_Olinpiar_Jokoak" title="1992ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak">Bartzelonako</a> 1992ko <a href="/wiki/Olinpiar_Jokoak" title="Olinpiar Jokoak">Olinpiar Jokoetan</a> emakumezkoen kategoria ere egitarau olinpikoaren parte izatera pasatu zen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jiu-jitsutik_judorako_bilakaera">Jiu-jitsutik judorako bilakaera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Jiu-jitsutik judorako bilakaera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Jiu-jitsutik judorako bilakaera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judoaren helburua da pertsona bere osotasunean lantzea eta, horretarako, bi printzipio nagusi biltzen ditu: </p> <ul><li><i>Seiryoku zenyo</i>: energiaren erabilpen eraginkorra.</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Jita kyohei:</i> elkartasuna eta elkar laguntza.</li></ul> <p>Hortaz, gizartearentzako pertsona hobeak (osasuntsuak, indartsuak, eraginkorrak…) heztea du xede. </p><p>Milioika pertsonak praktikatzen dute mundu osoan zehar. <a href="/wiki/Jiu-jitsu" title="Jiu-jitsu">Jiu-jitsuak</a> ez bezala, judoak borroka alde batera uzten du eta pertsonaren integritatean oinarritzen da, hau da, judoa heziketa-tresna moduan erabiltzen da.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garai_modernoak_eta_nazioarteko_garapena">Garai modernoak eta nazioarteko garapena</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Garai modernoak eta nazioarteko garapena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Garai modernoak eta nazioarteko garapena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judoa izan da nazioarteko onarpena lortu duen lehen japoniar borroka artea. </p><p>1948an, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europako_Judo_Federazioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europako Judo Federazioa (sortu gabe)">Europako Judo Federazioa</a> (<i>European Judo Union, EJU</i>) eratu zen, Europako judo elkarte eta federazio guztien ordezkari gisa. 1951n, <a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra">Bigarren Mundu Gerraren</a> ondoren antolatu ziren lehen aldiz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europako_Judo_Txapelketa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europako Judo Txapelketa (sortu gabe)">Europako Judo Txapelketak</a> Parisen.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1951n bertan sortu zen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazioarteko_Judo_Federazioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazioarteko Judo Federazioa (sortu gabe)">Nazioarteko Judo Federazioa</a> (<i>International Judo Federation, IJF</i>), kirol honen munduko foro gisa.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1956an, Munduko Judo Txapelketak egin ziren <a href="/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio">Tokion</a>. Judoa <a href="/wiki/1964ko_Udako_Olinpiar_Jokoak" title="1964ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak">1964ko Tokioko Olinpiar Jokoetan</a> sartu zen, lehenengoz, programa olinpikoan. Japonian hain hedatua zegoenez, herrialde antolatzaileak bultzatzen zuen ekitaldi olinpikoaren barruan sartzea, kirol olinpikoen zerrendan kirol berri bat gehitzeko aukera zeukanez gero. Lau proba antolatu ziren, pisu desberdinetako lau kategoriatan, guztiak gizonezkoentzat, garai hartan emakumezkoen judoa gutxi garatuta baitzegoen oraindik.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lehiaketan, <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japoniako</a> judokek urrezko lau dominetatik hiru irabazten zituzten. Japoniaz kanpoko bakarra <a href="/wiki/Anton_Geesink" title="Anton Geesink">Anton Geesink</a> herbeheretar judokak irabazi zuen, kategoria librean nagusituta. Garaipen hura garrantzizkoa izan zen, gezurtatu egin baitzituen judoa japoniarren «ehiza barruti pribatu» gisa irudikatzen zuten kritikak. Judoa behin betiko onartu zen 1972an, <a href="/wiki/1972ko_Udako_Olinpiar_Jokoak" title="1972ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak">Municheko</a> <a href="/wiki/1972ko_Udako_Olinpiar_Jokoak" title="1972ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak">Olinpiar Jokoetan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1976an, emakumezkoen Europako lehen txapelketak egin ziren, eta 1980an, emakumezkoen munduko lehen txapelketak. Olinpiar Jokoei dagokienez, emakumezkoen judoa erakustaldiko kirol gisa ageri zen1988an <a href="/wiki/1988ko_Udako_Olinpiar_Jokoak" title="1988ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak">Seuleko Olinpiar Jokoetan</a>, baina 1992an <a href="/wiki/1992ko_Udako_Olinpiar_Jokoak" title="1992ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak">Bartzelonako Olinpiar Jokoetara</a> iritsi behar izan zen ofizialki programan onartua izateko.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Paralinpiar_Jokoak" title="Paralinpiar Jokoak">Paralinpiar Jokoetan</a>, judoa 1988an onartua izan zen programa ofizialean.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mundu zabalean, 2019an, gehien praktikatzen ziren <a href="/wiki/Borroka-arte" title="Borroka-arte">borroka arteetan</a> judoa hirugarrena zen, <a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">karatearen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">taekwondoaren</a> ondoren. Kalkuluen arabera, 40 milioi lagunek egiten zuten judoa urte hartan.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judoa gehien hedatua dagoen herrialdeei dagokienez, <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantzian</a> judoa lehen borroka artea zen 2022an, <a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">karatearen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Aikido" title="Aikido">aikidoaren</a> aurrean. Lizentziadun kopuruari dagokionez, Frantziako bosgarren kirola zen 2018an (<a href="/wiki/Futbol" title="Futbol">futbolaren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenis" title="Tenis">tenisaren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskibaloi" title="Saskibaloi">saskibaloiaren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hipika" title="Hipika">ekitazioaren</a> atzetik); 590.000 bat lizentzia zituen, horietatik % 29,2 emakumezkoenak, eta 5.400 klub baino gehiago.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judoaren_kode_morala">Judoaren kode morala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Judoaren kode morala»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Judoaren kode morala"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judoa sortu zuenean,<a href="/wiki/Jigor%C5%8D_Kan%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Jigorō Kanō">Jigorō Kanōk</a> gorputza eta espiritua hezteko bitarteko bat erauzi nahi izan zuen <a href="/wiki/Jiu-jitsu" title="Jiu-jitsu">jiu-jitsutik</a>, «nazio oso baten heziketara egokitua». Horregatik, sorreratik bertatik, judoaren irakaskuntzak bat egin izan du judokari balio moral sendoak ematearekin. Judoaren balio batzuk zuzenean ateratzen dira <a href="/wiki/Bushido" title="Bushido">bushidotik</a>. </p><p>Europan, Frantzian zehaztu zen lehenen, 1985ean, Judoaren Kode Morala, Bernard Midanek,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gerriko beltzen eskola nazionalaren ohore eta moral kodean oinarrituta,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nitoberen testuaren arauz.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zuzentasun" title="Zuzentasun">Zuzentasuna</a>, besteekiko errespetua da.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adore" title="Adore">Adorea</a>, bidezkoa dena egitea da.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zintzotasun" title="Zintzotasun">Zintzotasuna</a>, bere pentsamendua mozorrotu gabe adieraztea da.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohore" title="Ohore">Ohorea</a>, emandako hitzarekiko leiala izatea da.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apaltasun" title="Apaltasun">Apaltasuna</a>, bere buruaz harrotasunik gabe hitz egitea da.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begirune" title="Begirune">Begirunea</a>, begirunerik gabe ezin baita konfiantzarik sortu.</li> <li>Bere buruaren kontrola, haserrea igotzen denean isiltzen jakitea da.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adiskidetasun" title="Adiskidetasun">Adiskidetasuna</a>, giza sentimenduen artean garbiena eta sendoena da.</li></ul> <p>Borrokaldi batean aurkariari ematen zaion begirunea eta konfiantza funtsezkoak dira. Hain zuzen, judoka batek aurkaria erorarazten duenean, hartualdiaren kontrola mantendu behar du, eta hartualdi gehienek aurkaria atxiki behar dute «behar bezala» eror dadin. Bestela, aurkaria larri zauritu daiteke. Besoetako giltzek erraz dislokatu ditzakete aurkariaren artikulazioak. Itotzeak ere oso arriskutsuak izan daitezke, gaizki egiten badira edo gaizki kontrolatzen badira. Alabaina, judoka batek borrokan beste judokarekiko begirunea eta konfiantza erabatekoak dira. Judoan, garrantzitsuagoak dira balio moralak teknika bera baino. </p><p>Judoaren praktikan egiten diren etengabeko agurrak dira kirol honetan gailentzen den begirunearen adierazle ikusgarriena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erritua_edo_etiketa">Erritua edo etiketa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erritua edo etiketa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Erritua edo etiketa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Japoniarrek ez diote elkarri eskua estutzen kaixo esateko, kontakturik ez izateagatik batez ere higiene kezka batez. Beraz, urrutiko <a href="/wiki/Agur" title="Agur">agurra</a>, soina aurrerantz makurtuz, arrunta da Japoniako eguneroko bizitzan, eta, beste horrenbeste, izaera zeremonial bat hartzen du Japoniako borroka arteetan. </p><p>Judo borroka bat «<i>rei</i>» agurrarekin hasi eta amaitzen da. Agurrak duintasuna eta barne bakea adierazten ditu, borrokaren aurretik eta ondoren. Arauen <a href="/wiki/Begirune" title="Begirune">begirunea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zuzentasun" title="Zuzentasun">zuzentasuna</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Zintzotasun" title="Zintzotasun">zintzotasuna</a> ere iragartzen ditu. Judokak astiro eta garrantziz agurtu behar du, agurtzen duenarekiko begirunea agerrarazteko eran. Agurra ahaztu edo edo gaizki egitea oker ulertutako eta azalkeriazko judo baten zeinua da.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Askotariko_agurrak_dojoan">Askotariko agurrak dojoan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Askotariko agurrak dojoan»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Askotariko agurrak dojoan"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erritual bat dago judoaren praktikan, «etiketa» moduko bat, jokabide zeremonial bat, besteak beste ekintza hauek eskatzen dituena:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Tatamiaren agurra: tatamiaren ertzean sartzean, judoka zutik egiten du agurra, judoa praktikatuko duen lan azalerarekiko errespetua erakusteko; berdin tatamitik ateratzen denean.</li> <li>Taldearen agurra: lerroan belauniko edo zutik jarrita, irakasleak zuzendutako judoka guztiek batera egiten dute, gehienetan Jigorō Kanōren erretratuaren aurrean: <ul><li>saioaren hasieran, haren oroimena ohoratzeko eta Kanō maisuari bere irakaskuntza transmititzeagatik eskerrak emateko; eta irakasleari eskerrak emateko, irakaskuntzan emango duen denboragatik.</li> <li>saioaren amaieran, irakasleari eskerrak emateko, emandako irakaskuntzagatik.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Bakarkako agurra: judokak bikote lanaren aurretik eta ondoren agurtzen du: <ul><li>aurretik, bazkidearekiko (edo lehian ari den aurkariarekiko) begirunea erakusteko, eta</li> <li>ondoren, egindako lana egiteko aukera emateagatik.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Judo saio batean, judokak bikotea agurtzen du, belauniko edo zutik, lan motaren arabera; lurrean egiten bada (<i>ne-waza</i>), agurra belauniko egin behar da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agur_moduak">Agur moduak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Agur moduak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Agur moduak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judoan agur egiteko bi modu bereizten dira: </p> <ul><li><i>ritsurei</i>: zutik. Soina 30° aurrera makurtuta egiten da, orpoak elkartuta, aurrera begira, eskuak izterren kanpoko aldean. Hiru segundo egin behar dira, zuzen jarri aurretik;</li> <li><i>zarei</i>: belauniko. Zutik egonda, judoka belauniko jartzen da, lehenengo ezkerreko belauna eta gero eskuinekoa jarrita. Alde bat utzi behar da ezkerreko eta eskuineko belaunen artean. Judoka orpoen gainean esertzen da, agurra egiten du soina aurrera makurtuta eta zutik jartzen da, lehenik eskuin zangoaz.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teknikak">Teknikak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Teknikak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Teknikak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oinarrizko hiru kategoria daude tekniken barruan. Alde batetik, <i>nage-waza</i> (proiekzio-teknika), bestetik, <i>katame-waza</i> (kontrol-teknika) eta azkena, <i>atemi-waza</i> (kolpe-teknika). Judoan teknika ezagunenak lehenengo biak dira.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nage_waza_(lurreko_proiekzio_teknikak)"><span id="Nage_waza_.28lurreko_proiekzio_teknikak.29"></span>Nage waza (lurreko proiekzio teknikak)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Nage waza (lurreko proiekzio teknikak)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Nage waza (lurreko proiekzio teknikak)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ashi_waza_(zango_teknikak)"><span id="Ashi_waza_.28zango_teknikak.29"></span>Ashi waza (zango teknikak)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ashi waza (zango teknikak)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Ashi waza (zango teknikak)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Osoto gari</i> (kanpo sega nagusia): atzetik oina sartu hanka tartean.</li> <li><i>Ouchi gari</i> (barne sega nagusia): aurretik hanka tartean sartu.</li> <li><i>Kosoto gake</i> (kanpoko gako txikia): hanka krokatzea.</li> <li><i>Deashi harai</i>: oinarekin bere oina kendu lurretik, desorekatu.</li> <li><i>Hiza guruma</i> (belaun blokeoa): belauna blokeatu desorekatuz.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Koshi_waza_(aldaka_teknikak)"><span id="Koshi_waza_.28aldaka_teknikak.29"></span>Koshi waza (aldaka teknikak)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Koshi waza (aldaka teknikak)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Koshi waza (aldaka teknikak)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Ogoshi</i>: gerritik helduta alborantz bota.</li> <li><i>Koshi guruma</i>: lepotik helduta albora bota.</li> <li><i>Tsuri goshi</i>: gerrikoa heldu eta altxa aldakatik.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Te_waza_(esku-sorbalda_teknikak)"><span id="Te_waza_.28esku-sorbalda_teknikak.29"></span>Te waza (esku-sorbalda teknikak)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Te waza (esku-sorbalda teknikak)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Te waza (esku-sorbalda teknikak)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Ippon seoi nage</i>: sorbalda gaineko proiekzioa beso batez.</li> <li><i>Morote seoi nage</i>: sorbalda gaineko proiekzioa bi besoz.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sutemi_waza_(sakrifizio_teknikak)"><span id="Sutemi_waza_.28sakrifizio_teknikak.29"></span>Sutemi waza (sakrifizio teknikak)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sutemi waza (sakrifizio teknikak)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Sutemi waza (sakrifizio teknikak)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Tomoe nage</i>: bota lurrera eta, bere azpian jarrita, proiekzioz bota.</li> <li><i>Tami otoshi</i>: alde batera bota.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Katame_waza_(lurreko_kontrol_teknikak)"><span id="Katame_waza_.28lurreko_kontrol_teknikak.29"></span>Katame waza (lurreko kontrol teknikak)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Katame waza (lurreko kontrol teknikak)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Katame waza (lurreko kontrol teknikak)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Osae_waza_(menderatze_teknikak)"><span id="Osae_waza_.28menderatze_teknikak.29"></span>Osae waza (menderatze teknikak)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Osae waza (menderatze teknikak)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Osae waza (menderatze teknikak)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Hon kesa gatame</i> (lepoa heldu): gorputza orekatua lurrean, pisua arerioaren gainean eta lepoa ondo eutsita.</li> <li><i>Kata gatame</i> (sorbaldako-kontrola): besoen giltzak arerioaren sorbalda lerroa kontrolatzen du besoa azpitik hartuz. Belaunarekin aldaka lerroa kontrolatu eta beste hanka zabaldu.</li> <li><i>Kami shio gatame</i> (atzetik kontrolatua, lau puntuen-kontrola): eskuak sorbalda azpitik eta gorputz enborraren pisua gainean, eta hankak arerioaren posizioaren arabera aldatu.</li> <li><i>Yoko shio gatame</i> (albotik kontrolatua, lau puntuen-kontrola): aurkariari esku batez sorbalda eutsi, eskua buruaren azpitik eta sorbalda azpitik pasaz, aldaka ere hanka azpitik pasatuz.</li> <li><i>Tate shio gatame</i> (zaldi eran lau puntuen-kontrola): sorbaldak lepoa eta besoa inguratuz aurkaria estutu, eta gorputza eta belauna beheratu oreka ona lortzeko.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shime_waza_(itotze_teknikak)_(besoen_teknika_ona,_besoak_ondo_estututa)"><span id="Shime_waza_.28itotze_teknikak.29_.28besoen_teknika_ona.2C_besoak_ondo_estututa.29"></span>Shime waza (itotze teknikak) (besoen teknika ona, besoak ondo estututa)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Shime waza (itotze teknikak) (besoen teknika ona, besoak ondo estututa)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Shime waza (itotze teknikak) (besoen teknika ona, besoak ondo estututa)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Hadaka jime</i> (esku biluziarekin).</li> <li><i>Okuri eri jime</i> (bi sorbalden itotzea, kimonotik helduz) (<i>shime wazaren</i> berdina).</li> <li><i>Kata ha-jime</i> (sorbaldakoa)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kansetsu_waza_(luxazioak)"><span id="Kansetsu_waza_.28luxazioak.29"></span>Kansetsu waza (luxazioak)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kansetsu waza (luxazioak)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Kansetsu waza (luxazioak)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Ude garami</i> (beso tolestua)</li> <li><i>Juji gatame</i> (gurutzean kontrola besoa, besoa luzatu)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atemi_waza_(kolpe_teknikak)"><span id="Atemi_waza_.28kolpe_teknikak.29"></span>Atemi waza (kolpe teknikak)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Atemi waza (kolpe teknikak)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Atemi waza (kolpe teknikak)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atal honetan, judoka batek bestea kolpe baten bidez desorekatzen du eta horrela lurrera bota. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tatamia">Tatamia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Tatamia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Tatamia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judoa <i><a href="/wiki/Tatami" title="Tatami">tatami</a></i> izeneko tapiz bigun batean burutzen da. Tatamia <a href="/wiki/Japoniera" title="Japoniera">japonierazko</a> termino bat da eta bere sorreran «tolestua eta pilatua» esan nahi zuen. Japoniako etxeetako elementu bereizgarria da eta, antzina, etxeko gela garrantzitsuen zorua estaltzeko erabiltzen zen. Tradizionalki, lastozkoak ziren, baina gaur egun poliestirenozkoak izan ohi dira. Gehienetan, tatamiak egurrezko zoru baten gainean jartzen dira. </p><p>Lehiaketako tatamiak 4 edo 5 zentimetroko lodiera izan ohi du; lodiera horrek erorketak arintzen laguntzen du. Lehiaketako tatamien koloreak askotarikoak dira, baina joko olinpikoetan eta munduko txapelketetan, ohikoenak horia eta urdina dira. </p><p>Lehiaketetarako homologatutako judo tatamiak 8 x 8 metro ditu, 2 3 metroko segurtasun-eremuaz gain. Olinpiar jokoetan eta judoko mundialetan, borroka eta segurtasun eremuak Judoko Nazioarteko Federazioak ezarritako neurriak izan behar ditu. Borroka eremuak 8 x 8 metro izan behar du eta, segurtasun eremuak, aldiz, 14 x 14 metro, borroka eremua inguratuz.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Janzkera">Janzkera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Janzkera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Janzkera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Judogi_Azul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Judogi_Azul.jpg/250px-Judogi_Azul.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Judogi_Azul.jpg/330px-Judogi_Azul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Judogi_Azul.jpg/500px-Judogi_Azul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="1404" /></a><figcaption>Haur bat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Judogi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judogi (sortu gabe)">judogi</a> urdin bat eta obi edo gerriko zuri bat jantzita.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judogia">Judogia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Judogia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Judogia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judoan erabiltzen den janzkera berezia da: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judogi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judogi (sortu gabe)">judogi</a></i> deitzen den arropa da, praka eta jaka batez osatua dagoena. Horrez gain, <i>obi</i> izeneko gerrikoa erabiltzen da. </p><p>Judogia XX. mendea baino lehenago Japonian erabiltzen zen janzkeratik eratorri da. Judogiaren kolorea urdina edo zuria izan daiteke, hala ere, zuria da gehien erabiltzen dena. Kolore urdineko judogiak berau baimenduta dagoen lehiaketetan bakarrik erabil daiteke, eta inoiz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kata (sortu gabe)">katak</a> egiteko. Orokorrean, judogiak kotoizkoak dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obia_edo_gerrikoa">Obia edo gerrikoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Obia edo gerrikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Obia edo gerrikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esan bezala, judogiaz gain, judokek gerriko bat erabiltzen dute, <i>obi</i> izenekoa. Obiak, jantzia lotzeaz gain, judokaren maila adierazten du. Hau da, judoaren gradu-sistema (<i>kyu</i> eta <i>dan</i>-ak) gerrikoaren kolorearen araberakoa da. Mailaketa progresibo hau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikonosuke_Kawaishi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikonosuke Kawaishi (sortu gabe)">Mikonosuke Kawaishi</a> maisuak asmatu zuen Frantzian. </p><p>Zinta edo gerrikoaren koloreak pertsonaren ikasketa eta hazte prozesua sinbolizatzen du. Kolorea iluntzen doa, diziplinaren praktika-urteekin batera. Japonian bakarrik kolore zuria, marroia eta beltza erabiltzen dira. Baina mendebaldean, zazpi kolore erabiltzen dira, bakoitzak ikasketa-prozesuaren fase bat adieraziz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Graduak_edo_gerrikoak">Graduak edo gerrikoak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Graduak edo gerrikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Graduak edo gerrikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alderdi_orokorrak">Alderdi orokorrak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Alderdi orokorrak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Alderdi orokorrak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judoko graduak praktikatzaile bati esleitzen zaizkio, haren maila teknikoa, borrokarako eraginkortasuna, antzinatasuna eta inplikazio maila adieraztearren; gainera, haren ezaugarri moralak ebaluatzeko aukera ematen dute, hau da, judoaren kode morala zorrotzari dagokion heinean. Gutxieneko arauak bete gabe, judoka batek ezin dezake gradurik lortu. </p><p>Koloretako gerrikoak <a href="/wiki/Erresuma_Batua" title="Erresuma Batua">Erresuma Batuan</a> asmatu ziren, 1920ko hamarkadaren erdialdean; gero, Mikinosuke Kawaishi adituak eraman zituen Frantziara, eta handik Europara eta mundu guztira. Gerrikoen hurrenkera, behetik goira, hau da: <a href="/wiki/Zuri" title="Zuri">zuria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horia" class="mw-redirect" title="Horia">horia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laranja_kolore" title="Laranja kolore">laranja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berde" title="Berde">berdea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdin" title="Urdin">urdina</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Arre_(kolorea)" title="Arre (kolorea)">marroia</a> . Goi mailako gerrikoak dira: beltza, 1. <i>danetik</i> 5.era; zuri-gorria, 6. <i>danetik</i> 8.era; eta gorria, 9. <i>danetik</i> eta 10.era. </p><p>Frantzian, 1990eko hamarkadan, bi koloretako gerrikoak jarri ziren, hastapeneko mailetan (zuri-horia, hori-laranja, laranja-berdea), gazteenak era mailakatuagoan ebaluatzeko eta, nolabait ere, saritzeko. Bi koloreko gerrikoak izan daitezke, gehienetan, luzera guztian bi koloretan banatuta, edo, batzuetan, goragoko kolorearen xingola bertikalak josita, 5 cm-ko tartetan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oinarrizko_graduen_eskala_(edo_kolorezko_gerrikoak)"><span id="Oinarrizko_graduen_eskala_.28edo_kolorezko_gerrikoak.29"></span>Oinarrizko graduen eskala (edo kolorezko gerrikoak)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Oinarrizko graduen eskala (edo kolorezko gerrikoak)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Oinarrizko graduen eskala (edo kolorezko gerrikoak)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kolorezko gerrikoak (zuritik marroira) <a href="/wiki/Kyu" title="Kyu"><i>kyu</i></a> izenekoak dira: bederatzigarren kyu zuritik, 1. kyu marroira doazenak.. </p><p>Gerriko beltzaren azpiko graduak judo diplomatuko irakasle batek bakarrik eman ditzake, gehienetan klub baten barruan egindako ikasketa saioen ondorioz, kontuan hartuta irizpide teknikoak, lehiaketetako emaitzak edo partaidetzak, ikaslearen portaera (judoaren kode moralari lotutakoa), ikaskideekiko jokabidea eta abar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="15_urtetik_beherakoentzako_oinarrizko_graduen_irudia_(kyu)"><span id="15_urtetik_beherakoentzako_oinarrizko_graduen_irudia_.28kyu.29"></span>15 urtetik beherakoentzako oinarrizko graduen irudia (kyu)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Aldatu atal hau: «15 urtetik beherakoentzako oinarrizko graduen irudia (kyu)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: 15 urtetik beherakoentzako oinarrizko graduen irudia (kyu)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jarraian, <a href="/wiki/Kyu" title="Kyu">kyuen</a> eskalan egin daitekeen ibilbidea erakusten da, adinaren arabera, lau urterekin hasitako praktikatzaile batentzat eta aurrera egiteko biderik onena eginda.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; border:2px solid black; padding:2px; spacing:2px; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: 90%;" border="1"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="11" style="background:#CCCCCC"><b>Oinarrizko graduak, 15 urtetik beherakoentzat (kyu)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CCCCCC">Gradua (kyu) </td> <td width="10%">10. kyu </td> <td width="10%">9. kyu </td> <td width="10%">8. kyu </td> <td width="10%">7. kyu </td> <td width="10%">6. kyu </td> <td width="10%">5. kyu </td> <td width="10%">4. kyu </td> <td width="10%">3. kyu </td> <td width="10%">2. kyu </td> <td width="10%">1. kyu </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CCCCCC">Izena japonieraz </td> <td><span lang="ja">九級</span><br /> Ku-kyū </td> <td><span lang="ja">九級</span><br /> Ku-kyū </td> <td><span lang="ja">八級</span><br />Hachi-kyū </td> <td><span lang="ja">七級</span><br />Nana-Kyu edo Shichi-kyū </td> <td><span lang="ja">六級</span><br />Roku-kyū </td> <td><span lang="ja">五級</span><br />Go-kyū </td> <td><span lang="ja">四級</span>Yon-kyū edo <p>Shi-kyū </p> </td> <td><span lang="ja">三級</span><br />San-kyū </td> <td><span lang="ja">二級</span><br />Ni-kyū </td> <td><span lang="ja">一級</span><br />Ichi-kyū </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CCCCCC" width="10%" align="center">Kolorea </td> <td>Zuria </td> <td>Zuria </td> <td>Zuri-horia </td> <td>Horia </td> <td>Hori-laranja </td> <td>Laranja </td> <td>Laranja berdea </td> <td>Berdea </td> <td>Urdina </td> <td>Marroia </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CCCCCC;color:black;" width="10%" align="center">Irudia </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ceinture_blanche.png" title="Fichier:Ceinture blanche.png"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ceinture_blanche.png/120px-Ceinture_blanche.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ceinture_blanche.png/250px-Ceinture_blanche.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ceinture_blanche.png" title="Fichier:Ceinture blanche.png"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ceinture_blanche.png/120px-Ceinture_blanche.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ceinture_blanche.png/250px-Ceinture_blanche.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ceinture_blanc_jaune.png" title="Fichier:Ceinture blanc jaune.png"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ceinture_blanc_jaune.png/75px-Ceinture_blanc_jaune.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ceinture_blanc_jaune.png/113px-Ceinture_blanc_jaune.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ceinture_blanc_jaune.png/150px-Ceinture_blanc_jaune.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ceinture_jaune.png" title="Fichier:Ceinture jaune.png"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ceinture_jaune.png/75px-Ceinture_jaune.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ceinture_jaune.png/113px-Ceinture_jaune.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ceinture_jaune.png/150px-Ceinture_jaune.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ceinture_jaune_orange.png" title="Fichier:Ceinture jaune orange.png"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ceinture_jaune_orange.png/120px-Ceinture_jaune_orange.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ceinture_jaune_orange.png/250px-Ceinture_jaune_orange.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ceinture_orange.png" title="Fichier:Ceinture orange.png"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ceinture_orange.png/75px-Ceinture_orange.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ceinture_orange.png/113px-Ceinture_orange.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ceinture_orange.png/150px-Ceinture_orange.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ceinture_orange_verte.png" title="Fichier:Ceinture orange verte.png"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ceinture_orange_verte.png/120px-Ceinture_orange_verte.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ceinture_orange_verte.png/250px-Ceinture_orange_verte.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ceinture_verte.png" title="Fichier:Ceinture verte.png"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ceinture_verte.png/75px-Ceinture_verte.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ceinture_verte.png/113px-Ceinture_verte.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ceinture_verte.png/150px-Ceinture_verte.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ceinture_bleue.png" title="Fichier:Ceinture bleue.png"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ceinture_bleue.png/75px-Ceinture_bleue.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ceinture_bleue.png/113px-Ceinture_bleue.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ceinture_bleue.png/150px-Ceinture_bleue.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ceinture_marron.png" title="Fichier:Ceinture marron.png"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ceinture_marron.png/120px-Ceinture_marron.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ceinture_marron.png/250px-Ceinture_marron.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CCCCCC;color:black;" width="10%" align="center">Ibilbiderik onena </td> <td>3 urte </td> <td>5 urte </td> <td>6 urte </td> <td>7 urte </td> <td>8 urte </td> <td>9 urte </td> <td>10 urte </td> <td>11 urte </td> <td>12 urte </td> <td>14 urte </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goi_mailako_graduen_eskala">Goi mailako graduen eskala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Goi mailako graduen eskala»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Goi mailako graduen eskala"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kyu" title="Kyu">Kyuen</a> gainetik, goiko graduak honela izendatzen dira: 1. mailatik 5. danera, gerrikoa beltza da; 6., 7. eta 8. graduan gerriko zuri-gorria erabiltzen da, bi koloreen banda bertikalak txandakatuta (6. danean, zuritik gorrira 20 cm; 7. danean, 15 cm; 8. danean, 10 cm); 9. eta 10. mailetan gerriko gorria.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iturri batzuen arabera, ba omen dago gerriko berezi bat, gerriko gorriaren gainetik: Judoaren fundatzaile <a href="/wiki/Jigor%C5%8D_Kan%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Jigorō Kanō">Jigorō Kanōk</a> bakarrik lortu omen zuen, hilondoko ohore gisa, gerriko zuri zabala, <span class="need_ref" style="cursor:help;" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence."><abbr class="abbr" title="Onzième">11</abbr></span>. <span class="need_ref" style="cursor:help;" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence.">eta</span> <span class="need_ref" style="cursor:help;" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence."><abbr class="abbr" title="Douzième">12</abbr></span>. <span class="need_ref" style="cursor:help;" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence.">danak irudikatzen dituena. Alabaina, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazioarteko_Judo_Federazioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazioarteko Judo Federazioa (sortu gabe)">Nazioarteko Judo Federazioaren</a> arabera, <a href="/wiki/Elezahar" title="Elezahar">kondaira</a> bat besterik ez da.</span><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; border:2px solid black; padding:2px; spacing:2px; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: 90%" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="11" style="background:#CCCCCC"><b>Goi mailako graduak</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="10%" style="background:#CCCCCC">Gradua </td> <td width="7.5%">1. dan </td> <td width="7.5%">2. dan </td> <td width="7.5%">3. dan </td> <td width="7.5%">4. dan </td> <td width="7.5%">5. dan </td> <td width="7.5%">6. dan </td> <td width="7.5%">7. dan </td> <td width="7.5%">8. dan </td> <td width="7.5%">9. dan </td> <td width="7.5%">10. dan </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CCCCCC">Izena japonieraz </td> <td>初段 <p>Sho-dan </p> </td> <td>二段 <p>Ni-dan </p> </td> <td>三段 <p>San-dan </p> </td> <td>四段 <p>Yon-dan </p> </td> <td>五段 <p>Go-dan </p> </td> <td>六段 <p>Roku-dan </p> </td> <td>七段 <p>Shichi-dan edo Nana-dan </p> </td> <td>八段 <p>Hachi-dan </p> </td> <td>九段 <p>Kyū-dan </p> </td> <td>十段 <p>Jū-dan </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CCCCCC">Gaitasuna </td> <td colspan="3">Baieztapen teknikoa </td> <td colspan="2">Jakintza teknikoa </td> <td colspan="3">Jakintza tekniko gailena </td> <td colspan="1">Erreferentea </td> <td colspan="1">Dekanoa </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CCCCCC">Gerriko kolorea </td> <td>Beltza </td> <td>Beltza </td> <td>Beltza </td> <td>Beltza </td> <td>Beltza </td> <td>Zuri-gorria </td> <td>Zuri-gorria </td> <td>Zuri-gorria </td> <td>Gorria </td> <td>Gorria </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CCCCCC">Irudia </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ceinture_noire.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ceinture_noire.png/75px-Ceinture_noire.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ceinture_noire.png/113px-Ceinture_noire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ceinture_noire.png/150px-Ceinture_noire.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ceinture_noire.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ceinture_noire.png/75px-Ceinture_noire.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ceinture_noire.png/113px-Ceinture_noire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ceinture_noire.png/150px-Ceinture_noire.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ceinture_noire.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ceinture_noire.png/75px-Ceinture_noire.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ceinture_noire.png/113px-Ceinture_noire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ceinture_noire.png/150px-Ceinture_noire.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ceinture_noire.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ceinture_noire.png/75px-Ceinture_noire.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ceinture_noire.png/113px-Ceinture_noire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ceinture_noire.png/150px-Ceinture_noire.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ceinture_noire.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ceinture_noire.png/75px-Ceinture_noire.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ceinture_noire.png/113px-Ceinture_noire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ceinture_noire.png/150px-Ceinture_noire.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ceinture_blanc_rouge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ceinture_blanc_rouge.png/120px-Ceinture_blanc_rouge.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ceinture_blanc_rouge.png/250px-Ceinture_blanc_rouge.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ceinture_blanc_rouge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ceinture_blanc_rouge.png/120px-Ceinture_blanc_rouge.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ceinture_blanc_rouge.png/250px-Ceinture_blanc_rouge.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ceinture_blanc_rouge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ceinture_blanc_rouge.png/120px-Ceinture_blanc_rouge.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ceinture_blanc_rouge.png/250px-Ceinture_blanc_rouge.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ceinture_rouge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ceinture_rouge.png/75px-Ceinture_rouge.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ceinture_rouge.png/113px-Ceinture_rouge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ceinture_rouge.png/150px-Ceinture_rouge.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ceinture_rouge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ceinture_rouge.png/75px-Ceinture_rouge.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ceinture_rouge.png/113px-Ceinture_rouge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ceinture_rouge.png/150px-Ceinture_rouge.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lehiaketa_arauak">Lehiaketa arauak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lehiaketa arauak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Lehiaketa arauak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judoaren_arauak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judoaren arauak (sortu gabe)">Judoaren arauak</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazioarteko_Judo_Federazioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazioarteko Judo Federazioa (sortu gabe)">Nazioarteko Judo Federazioak</a> ezartzen ditu. Arauak bilakaera bat izan ohi dute, hau da, aldatzen doaz, kirol gehienetan bezala, eta herrialde guztietan aplikatzen dira, judo federazio bakoitzaren ardurapean. Lehian, borrokalariak adinaren eta pisuaren arabera bereizten dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Epaileak">Epaileak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Epaileak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Epaileak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Epaileak jantzi bereizgarri bat eramaten dute, eta eginkizun hauek dituzte: </p> <ul><li>abantailak edo garaipena ematea borrokalariei, arrakasta partziala edo erabatekoa duten tekniken ondorioz;</li> <li>borrokaren trinkotasunari eustea eta borrokalarien segurtasuna bermatzea, borroka geldiaraziz eta ostera hasaraziz, beharrezkoa denean;</li> <li>borrokalariei eta mahaiari (eta, ahal bada, ikusleei) borrokaren garapenaren berri ematea;</li> <li>arauak betearaztea eta, behar izanez gero, zehapen egokiak ezartzea.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Borroka_eremua">Borroka eremua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Borroka eremua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Borroka eremua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Borroka eremua lauki bat izan behar da, lehiatzaileen kategoriaren eta lehiaketa motaren arabera, 4-10 m metro bitarteko aldeak dituena. Karratu horren inguruan, segurtasun tarte bat egon behar da, 50 cm-koa. Gainera, bi borroka eremuren artean, 1-4 m bitartekoa tartea utzi behar da, eta 1-3 m bitarteko aldea, tatamiz estalita ez dauden eremuetatik..<sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Borrokaldiaren_garapena">Borrokaldiaren garapena</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Borrokaldiaren garapena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Borrokaldiaren garapena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Borroka hasi baino lehenago, bi borrokalariek lehen aldiz agurtzen dute tatamia, bertara sartzerakoan, eta, gero, itzuli egiten dira (epaileen atzetik igarota), borroka eremuaren erdian aurrez aurre jartzeko. </p><p>Orduan, arbitroaren seinalearen zain egongo dira, besoak aurrera hurbilduz. Orduan, borroka eremua agurtzen dute (agur hori ez da derrigorrezkoa 2004az geroztik lehiaketetan, baina erakustaldietan egin ohi da), eta, gero, borroka hasteko distantziara daudenean, hau da, hiru bat metrora, elkar agurtzen dute, urrats bat egiten dute aurrera, ezkerreko oinaz, eta <i>hajime</i> hasiera seinalearen zain gelditzen dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Irabazlea">Irabazlea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Irabazlea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Irabazlea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judo borroka baten helburua da <i>ippon</i> bilatzea, hau da, teknika eraginkor baten ondorioz berehalako garaipena lortzea. Judoan, zutikako borrokan, lau irizpideren arabera adierazten da hori: sorbalda zabalez erortzea, indarrez, abiaduraz eta kontrola galdu gabe. Borrokalari batek bi <i>waza-ari</i> markatzen dituenean (<i>ippon</i> aitortzeko behar den irizpideetako bat falta denean), esaten da <i>waza-ari awasete ippon</i> irabazi duela (<i>waza-ari</i> konbinatua <i>ippon</i> da). </p><p><i>Ippon</i> eman daiteke, baita ere, aurkariak utzi egiten badu borroka, <a href="/wiki/Itotze_(maniobra)" title="Itotze (maniobra)">itotze</a> edo okerdura eraginkor baten ondorioz edo 20 segundoz edukitako immobilizazio baten ondorioz. <i>Waza-ari</i> bat ere lor daiteke 10-20 segundoko immobilizazio batekin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Epailearen_keinuak">Epailearen keinuak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Epailearen keinuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Epailearen keinuak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 81.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 79.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Koka_referee.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Koka (2008an desagertua)"><img alt="Koka (2008an desagertua)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Koka_referee.png/119px-Koka_referee.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Koka_referee.png/178px-Koka_referee.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Koka_referee.png/238px-Koka_referee.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="378" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Koka</i> <small>(2008an desagertua)</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 87.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 85.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Yuko_Referee.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Yuko (2017an desagertua)"><img alt="Yuko (2017an desagertua)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Yuko_Referee.png/128px-Yuko_Referee.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Yuko_Referee.png/193px-Yuko_Referee.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Yuko_Referee.png/257px-Yuko_Referee.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="378" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Yuko</i> <small>(2017an desagertua)</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 84px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 82px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Waza-ari.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Waza-ari"><img alt="Waza-ari" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Waza-ari.png/250px-Waza-ari.png" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="378" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Waza-ari</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ippon.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ippon"><img alt="Ippon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ippon.png/151px-Ippon.png" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ippon.png/227px-Ippon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ippon.png/302px-Ippon.png 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="432" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Ippon</i></div> </li> </ul> <ul><li><i>Koka</i>: 3 puntu. Desagertu egin zen judo modernotik 2008-2009 denboraldiaz geroztik, kategoria guztietan, bai Europan, bai nazioarteko araudian. Adierazten zuen atzealdera erortzea, sorbaldak lurra ukitu gabe, baina abiadura, indar eta kontrol nahikoarekin. Kasu orokorrean, ipurmasailetan erorita, koka bat irabazten zuen aurkariak.</li> <li><i>Yuko</i>: 5 puntu. Desagertu egin zen judo modernotik 2017-2018 denboralditik, kategoria guztietan, bai Europan, bai nazioarteko araudian. Adierazten zuen alde batera erortzea, gehienbat sabelaren aldera, hau da, balio apalekoa. Ematen zen halako erorketa bat eragindakoan, denbora batez lurzoruan immobilizazioa eginda edo aurkariari hutsegite batengatik.</li> <li><i>Waza-ari</i>: 7 puntu. Besoa zabalik sorbaldaren horizontalean, hatzak luzatuta. Adierazten du «badagoela teknika», erorketa bat eragiteagatik, lurrean denbora luzez immobilizatzeagatik edo aurkariari hutsegiteagatik.</li> <li><i>Ippon</i>: 10 puntu. Beso altxatuta buruaren gainetik, hatz luzatuta Adierazten du «puntu bat», erorketa «perfektu bat» eragiteagatik, aurkaria immobilizatzeagatik borrokaldia amaitu arte, edo aurkariak amore emateagatik (itotze edo beso-giltza baten ondorioz): Borrokaren amaiera da.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lehiaketak">Lehiaketak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lehiaketak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Lehiaketak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:050907-M-7747B-002-Judo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/050907-M-7747B-002-Judo.jpg/250px-050907-M-7747B-002-Judo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/050907-M-7747B-002-Judo.jpg/330px-050907-M-7747B-002-Judo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/050907-M-7747B-002-Judo.jpg/500px-050907-M-7747B-002-Judo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1989" data-file-height="2634" /></a><figcaption><i>Ouchi gari</i> mugimendua.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lehiaketa arauak erregulatzeaz arduratzen den mundu-mailako erakundea Judoko Nazioarteko Federazioa da. Halaber, federazio honek hainbat lehiaketa antolatzen ditu, horien artean Munduko Judo Txapelketa. Judoa gizonezkoen kirol olinpiko gisa ezarri zuten lehen aldiz <a href="/wiki/1964ko_Udako_Olinpiar_Jokoak" title="1964ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak">1964ko Tokioko Jokoetan</a>, non <a href="/wiki/Anton_Geesink" title="Anton Geesink">Anton Geesink</a> holandarrak urrezko domina olinpikoa irabazi zuen, Japoniako <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akio_Kaminaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akio Kaminaga (sortu gabe)">Akio Kaminaga</a> garaituz. Emakumezkoen judoa 1988an aurkeztu zen Olinpiadetan, erakustaldi gisa lehenik eta, 1992an, lehiaketa gisa. </p><p>Judoa kirol <a href="/wiki/Joko_Paralinpikoak" class="mw-redirect" title="Joko Paralinpikoak">paralinpiko</a> gisa 1988ko Udako Joko Paraolinpikoetan sartu zuten, Seulen. </p><p>Judo lehiakorrean bi puntu mota bereiz daitezke: </p> <ul><li><b>Ippon:</b> puntu osoa da eta borrokaldia irabazten du. Arerioa lurrera bota eta bere bizkarrak lurra ukitzen duenean, ippon bat lortzen da. Ippon bidez ere puntuatzen dira ondorengo egoerak: aurkaria 20 segundo baino gehiagoz immobilizatzea, tatamia bi aldiz edo gehiagotan kolpatuz amore ematea edo, itotze edo luxazio batean, borroka amaitu behar dela ikusten bada. Mendebaldean, askotan, ippon bat 10 punturen baliokidea da.</li> <li><b>Waza-ari:</b> puntu erdia. 2 waza-ari lortzean, ippon bat lortuta bezala irabazten da borroka.</li></ul> <p>Balioa duten ekintzetarako puntuazio sistema bat dagoen bezala, judokak egiten dituen akats edo arau-hausteetarako beste bat ere badago: </p> <ul><li><b>Hansoku-make:</b> ekintza honek, berez, judoken deskalifikazioa suposatzen du, 10 punturekin zigortzen baita. Aurkariari ippon bat ematea bezala da.</li> <li><b>Shido:</b> zigorra dakar, egindako hutsegitea arina denean. Shidoak metatu egin daitezke.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pisuaren_araberako_sailkapena">Pisuaren araberako sailkapena</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Pisuaren araberako sailkapena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Pisuaren araberako sailkapena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gaur egun 7 maila daude, parte hartzaileen pisuaren arabera: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" width="150">Gizonezkoak </th> <th scope="col" width="150">Emakumezkoak </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">< 60 kg </td> <td align="center">< 48 kg </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">60-66 kg </td> <td align="center">49-52 kg </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">67-73 kg </td> <td align="center">53-57 kg </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">74-81 kg </td> <td align="center">58-63 kg </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">82-90 kg </td> <td align="center">64-70 kg </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">91-100 kg </td> <td align="center">71-78 kg </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">> 100 kg </td> <td align="center">> 78 kg </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nazioarteko_lehiaketak">Nazioarteko lehiaketak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Nazioarteko lehiaketak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section's source code: Nazioarteko lehiaketak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judoko lehiaketak garrantziaren arabera sailkatzen ditu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazioarteko_Judo_Federazioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazioarteko Judo Federazioa (sortu gabe)">Nazioarteko Judo Federazioak</a>. Txapelketa bakoitzean parte hartzaileek lortzen dituzten emaitzen arabera, kategoria bakoitzaren munduko sailkapena ezartzen dira.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Munduko sailkapen orokorrak erabiltzen dira txapelketetan serie buruak izango diren judokak izendatzeko. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"> <caption>Nazioarteko txapelketetan ematen diren puntuak </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th scope="col" width="150">Kontinenteko torneoak </th> <th scope="col" width="150">Kontinenteko txapelketak </th> <th scope="col" width="150">Grand Prix </th> <th scope="col" width="150">Grand Slam </th> <th scope="col" width="150">Master </th> <th scope="col" width="150">Munduko txapelketa </th> <th scope="col" width="150">Olinpiar Jokoak </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Irabazlea </td> <td align="center">100 </td> <td align="center">700 </td> <td align="center">700 </td> <td align="center">1000 </td> <td align="center">1800 </td> <td align="center">2000 </td> <td align="center">2200 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Bigarrena </td> <td align="center">70 </td> <td align="center">490 </td> <td align="center">490 </td> <td align="center">700 </td> <td align="center">1260 </td> <td align="center">1400 </td> <td align="center">1540 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Hirugarrena </td> <td align="center">50 </td> <td align="center">350 </td> <td align="center">350 </td> <td align="center">500 </td> <td align="center">900 </td> <td align="center">1000 </td> <td align="center">1100 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Bosgarrena </td> <td align="center">36 </td> <td align="center">252 </td> <td align="center">252 </td> <td align="center">360 </td> <td align="center">648 </td> <td align="center">720 </td> <td align="center">792 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Zazpigarrena </td> <td align="center">26 </td> <td align="center">182 </td> <td align="center">182 </td> <td align="center">260 </td> <td align="center">468 </td> <td align="center">520 </td> <td align="center">572 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220809125025/http://www.judo-jujutsu-club-bushido-dinant-yvoir.be/histoire-du-judo.html">«Histoire du Judo et de maitre Kano»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2022-08-09 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-19)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/index.php?option=com_hiztegianbilatu&task=bilaketa&Itemid=1693&lang=eu-ES&nondik=0&zenbat=100&entryId=27111&query=judoka">«</a><a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaindiaren_Hiztegia" title="Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia">Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia</a> > <i>judoka</i>» <i>www.euskaltzaindia.eus</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-19)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskadi.eus/app/euskal-terminologia-banku-publikoa/kimono/merkataritza-kirola-egiteko-tresneria-kontaktuko-kirolak/fitxatermino/1559331">«</a><a href="/wiki/Euskalterm" title="Euskalterm">Euskalterm</a> > <i>kimono</i>» <i>www.euskadi.eus</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-19)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; 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(2023-03-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331022353/https://injep.fr/tableau_bord/donnees-chiffrescles-sport-2020/">«Données des chiffres clés du sport 2020»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-19)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFfjda2009">Ffjda.  (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220627090102/http://www.budo.fr/index.php?page=shop.product_details&flypage=vmj_estore.tpl&product_id=147&category_id=8&vmcchk=1&option=com_virtuemart&Itemid=6"><i>Shin, éthique et tradition: Ethique et tradition dans l'enseignement du judo. </i></a> Budo <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-2846172400" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-2846172400">978-2846172400</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFJazarin2011">Jazarin, Jean-Lucien.  (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230322192921/https://www.budo.fr/livres?page=shop.product_details&flypage=vmj_estore.tpl&category_id=1&product_id=393&vmcchk=1">«Le Judo, école de vie»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> (Budo) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-2846172912" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-2846172912">978-2846172912</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-19)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFNitobe2019">Nitobe, Inazō.  (2019). (Itzultzailea: Emmanuel Charlot) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/1135308932"><i>Bushidō : l'âme du Japon. </i></a> Budo <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-2846174305" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-2846174305">978-2846174305</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-19)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBui-XuânRuffié1999-06-01">Bui-Xuân, Gilles; Ruffié, Sébastien.  (1999-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/corpsetculture/564">«Le salut en judo : un médium ritualisé de communication»</a> <i>Corps et culture</i> (Numéro 4)  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4000%2Fcorpsetculture.564">10.4000/corpsetculture.564</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1268-5631">1268-5631</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-19)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205213326/https://www.judo.ovh/compl%C3%A9ments/les-saluts.html">«Judo - Les saluts»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2023-02-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221226044521/https://www.alljudo.net/techniques-de-judo.html">«Apprendre le judo. Techniques et prises de judo debout et au sol.»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2022-12-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-18">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_18-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_18-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lequipe.fr/Coaching/Archives/Actualites/Combien-mesure-un-tatami-de-judo/744629">«Combien mesure un tatami de judo ?»</a> <i>L'Équipe</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-19">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140326175856/http://www.jiujitsu.com.uy/grados.html">«Grados KYU»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> (Bushi Jiu-Jitsu) 2014-03-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFInternational_Judo_Federation2023-03-26">International Judo Federation.  (2023-03-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115825/https://www.ijf.org/history/judo-culture/2250">«The Belt: Myth and Reality of an Essential Symbol»</a> <i>ijf.org</i> (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFInternational_Judo_Federation">International Judo Federation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230720092651/https://78884ca60822a34fb0e6-082b8fd5551e97bc65e327988b444396.ssl.cf3.rackcdn.com/up/2021/06/IJF_WRL_Events_version_2021_05-1624260414.pdf">«Ranking Events»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borroka-arte" title="Borroka-arte">Borroka arteak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiu-jitsu" title="Jiu-jitsu">Jiu-jitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kan%C5%8D_Jigor%C5%8D" title="Kanō Jigorō">Jigorō Kanō</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijf.org/">IJF - Nazioarteko Judo Federazioaren webgune ofiziala.</a></li> <li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eju.net/">EJU - Europako Judo Batasuna.</a></li> <li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ffjudo.com/">Frantziako Judo Federazioa.</a></li> <li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfejudo.com/">Espainiako Judo Federazioa.</a></li> <li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2PPomHBUv-M">Kosoto gake baten bideoa.</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output 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entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclopedia_de_Navarra" title="Gran Enciclopedia de Navarra">GEN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciclopedianavarra.com/?page_id=12312">12312</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/sports/judo">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" 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class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" 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<span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>127 hizkuntza</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Gehitu atala</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7ccc697c5f-p226f","wgBackendResponseTime":181,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.412","walltime":"0.536","ppvisitednodes":{"value":13836,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":78579,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":23648,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":27421,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":8,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 413.627 1 -total"," 52.30% 216.322 1 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