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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Recognized species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognized_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_of_maize_and_interaction_with_teosintes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_of_maize_and_interaction_with_teosintes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Origin of maize and interaction with teosintes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Origin_of_maize_and_interaction_with_teosintes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Origin of maize and interaction with teosintes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Origin_of_maize_and_interaction_with_teosintes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_dispersal_of_maize_in_the_Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_dispersal_of_maize_in_the_Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Early dispersal of maize in the Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_dispersal_of_maize_in_the_Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genomics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genomics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Genomics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genomics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Zea</i> (plant)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3)" title="ذرة شامية (جنس) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذرة شامية (جنس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qar%C4%9F%C4%B1dal%C4%B1_(cins)" title="Qarğıdalı (cins) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qarğıdalı (cins)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_(%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3)" title="قارغیدالی (جینس) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قارغیدالی (جینس)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7_(%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%83)" title="Кукуруз (ырыу) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кукуруз (ырыу)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD)" title="Кукуруза (род раслін) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кукуруза (род раслін)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zea" title="Zea – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zea" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_(%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BA)" title="Куккурус (кăк) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Куккурус (кăк)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zea" title="Zea – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Zea" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuku%C5%99ice" title="Kukuřice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kukuřice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majs-sl%C3%A6gten" title="Majs-slægten – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Majs-slægten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zea" title="Zea – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zea" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mais_(perekond)" title="Mais (perekond) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mais (perekond)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zea" title="Zea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeo" title="Zeo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zeo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zea" title="Zea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%AA_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="ذرت (سرده) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ذرت (سرده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zea" title="Zea – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zea" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A5%EC%88%98%EC%88%98%EC%86%8D" title="옥수수속 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="옥수수속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukurica" title="Kukurica – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kukurica" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukuruz_(biljni_rod)" title="Kukuruz (biljni rod) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kukuruz (biljni rod)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zea" title="Zea – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zea" title="Zea – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B9k%C3%B9ridza" title="Kùkùridza – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kùkùridza" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zea" title="Zea – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Zea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukur%C5%ABzas" title="Kukurūzas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kukurūzas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukur%C5%ABzas" title="Kukurūzas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kukurūzas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukorica_(n%C3%B6v%C3%A9nynemzets%C3%A9g)" title="Kukorica (növénynemzetség) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kukorica (növénynemzetség)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86" title="ടിയോസിന്റെ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടിയോസിന്റെ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="ذره صفراء – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ذره صفراء" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagung_manis" title="Jagung manis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jagung manis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zea_(plant)" title="Zea (plant) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zea (plant)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B7%E5%B1%9E" title="トウモロコシ属 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トウモロコシ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meis" title="Meis – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Meis" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teosint" title="Teosint – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Teosint" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukurydza" title="Kukurydza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kukurydza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zea" title="Zea – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zea" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Кукуруза (род) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кукуруза (род)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teosinte" title="Teosinte – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Teosinte" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukurica" title="Kukurica – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kukurica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zea" title="Zea – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Zea" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maissit" title="Maissit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maissit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majssl%C3%A4ktet" title="Majssläktet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Majssläktet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="జియా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zea_(%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%8A)" title="Zea (พืช) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="Zea (พืช)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zea" title="Zea – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zea" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0" title="Чочак-тараа – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Чочак-тараа" 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title="Teosinte">Teosinte</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genus of flowering plants in the grass family Poaceae</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Teosinte" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Teosinte_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Teosinte (disambiguation)">Teosinte (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Zea</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Corncobs_edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Corncobs_edit1.jpg/220px-Corncobs_edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Corncobs_edit1.jpg/330px-Corncobs_edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Corncobs_edit1.jpg/440px-Corncobs_edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="667" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i><a href="/wiki/Zea_mays" class="mw-redirect" title="Zea mays">Zea mays</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Zea_(plant)" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commelinids" title="Commelinids">Commelinids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panicoideae" title="Panicoideae">Panicoideae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Supertribe: </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andropogonodae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andropogonodae (page does not exist)">Andropogonodae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andropogoneae" title="Andropogoneae">Andropogoneae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subtribe: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andropogoneae" title="Andropogoneae">Tripsacinae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Zea</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><i><a href="/wiki/Zea_mays" class="mw-redirect" title="Zea mays">Zea mays</a></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-y_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Euchlaena</i> <small>Schrad.</small></li> <li><i>Mays</i> <small>Mill.</small></li> <li><i>Mayzea</i> <small>Raf.</small></li> <li><i>Reana</i> <small>Brign.</small></li> <li><i>Thalysia</i> <small>Kuntze</small></li> <li>× <i>Euchlaezea</i> <small>Jan.Ammal ex Bor</small></li> <li><i>Mais</i> <small>Adans.</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Zea</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">grass family</a>. The best-known species is <i>Z. mays</i> (variously called <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, corn, or Indian corn), one of the most important crops for human societies throughout much of the world. The four wild species are commonly known as <b>teosintes</b> and are native to <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zea_(plant)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Zea</i> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> name (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">ζειά</span></span>) for another cereal grain (possibly <a href="/wiki/Spelt" title="Spelt">spelt</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-gledhill_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gledhill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognized_species">Recognized species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zea_(plant)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Recognized species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maize-teosinte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Maize-teosinte.jpg/220px-Maize-teosinte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Maize-teosinte.jpg/330px-Maize-teosinte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Maize-teosinte.jpg/440px-Maize-teosinte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption>teosinte (top), maize-teosinte hybrid (middle), <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> (bottom)</figcaption></figure> <p>The five accepted <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> names in the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> are:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wu-et-al-2011_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu-et-al-2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ear</th> <th>Plant</th> <th>Scientific name</th> <th>Common Name</th> <th>Distribution </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perennial_Teosinte_ear_(Zea_diploperennis)_-_Detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Perennial_Teosinte_ear_%28Zea_diploperennis%29_-_Detail.jpg/120px-Perennial_Teosinte_ear_%28Zea_diploperennis%29_-_Detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Perennial_Teosinte_ear_%28Zea_diploperennis%29_-_Detail.jpg/180px-Perennial_Teosinte_ear_%28Zea_diploperennis%29_-_Detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Perennial_Teosinte_ear_%28Zea_diploperennis%29_-_Detail.jpg/240px-Perennial_Teosinte_ear_%28Zea_diploperennis%29_-_Detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="1344" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zea_diploperennis01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Zea_diploperennis01.jpg/120px-Zea_diploperennis01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Zea_diploperennis01.jpg/180px-Zea_diploperennis01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Zea_diploperennis01.jpg/240px-Zea_diploperennis01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1658" data-file-height="2216" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Zea_diploperennis" title="Zea diploperennis">Zea diploperennis</a></i> <small>H.H.Iltis et al.</small></td> <td>diploperennial teosinte</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pl._I_Report_of_the_Commissioner_of_Agriculture_(U.S.)_1887.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Pl._I_Report_of_the_Commissioner_of_Agriculture_%28U.S.%29_1887.jpg/120px-Pl._I_Report_of_the_Commissioner_of_Agriculture_%28U.S.%29_1887.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Pl._I_Report_of_the_Commissioner_of_Agriculture_%28U.S.%29_1887.jpg/180px-Pl._I_Report_of_the_Commissioner_of_Agriculture_%28U.S.%29_1887.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Pl._I_Report_of_the_Commissioner_of_Agriculture_%28U.S.%29_1887.jpg/240px-Pl._I_Report_of_the_Commissioner_of_Agriculture_%28U.S.%29_1887.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1737" /></a></span></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Zea_luxurians" title="Zea luxurians">Zea luxurians</a></i> <small>(Durieu & Asch.) R.M.Bird</small></td> <td>Maíz de Monte, Florida teosinte and Guatemalan teosinte</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maize_J7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Maize_J7.jpg/120px-Maize_J7.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Maize_J7.jpg/180px-Maize_J7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Maize_J7.jpg/240px-Maize_J7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="3850" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belize_-_panoramio_(47).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Belize_-_panoramio_%2847%29.jpg/120px-Belize_-_panoramio_%2847%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Belize_-_panoramio_%2847%29.jpg/180px-Belize_-_panoramio_%2847%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Belize_-_panoramio_%2847%29.jpg/240px-Belize_-_panoramio_%2847%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Zea_mays" class="mw-redirect" title="Zea mays">Zea mays</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></small></td> <td>Corn, Maize</td> <td>southern <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, Guatemala; cultivated in many places </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Zea_nicaraguensis" title="Zea nicaraguensis">Zea nicaraguensis</a></i> <small>H.H.Iltis & B.F.Benz</small></td> <td>Nicaraguan teosinte</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zea_perennis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Zea_perennis.jpg/120px-Zea_perennis.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Zea_perennis.jpg/180px-Zea_perennis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Zea_perennis.jpg/240px-Zea_perennis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="794" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Zea_perennis" title="Zea perennis">Zea perennis</a></i> <small>(Hitchc.) Reeves & <a href="/wiki/Paul_Christoph_Mangelsdorf" title="Paul Christoph Mangelsdorf">Mangelsd.</a></small></td> <td>perennial teosinte</td> <td>Jalisco </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize</a> (<i>Zea mays</i>) is further divided into four subspecies: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zea_mays_subsp._huehuetenangensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zea mays subsp. huehuetenangensis (page does not exist)">Z. m. huehuetenangensis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Zea_mays_subsp._mexicana" class="mw-redirect" title="Zea mays subsp. mexicana">Z. m. mexicana</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Zea_mays_subsp._parviglumis" class="mw-redirect" title="Zea mays subsp. parviglumis">Z. m. parviglumis</a></i> (Balsas teosinte, the ancestor of maize), and <i><a href="/wiki/Zea_mays_subsp._mays" class="mw-redirect" title="Zea mays subsp. mays">Z. m. mays</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu-et-al-2011_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu-et-al-2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first three subspecies are teosintes; the last is <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, or corn,<sup id="cite_ref-Wu-et-al-2011_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu-et-al-2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the only domesticated <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxon</a> in the genus <i>Zea</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The genus is divided into two <a href="/wiki/Section_(botany)" title="Section (botany)">sections</a>: <i>Luxuriantes</i>, with <i>Z. diploperennis</i>, <i>Z. luxurians</i>, <i>Z. nicaraguensis</i>, <i>Z. perennis</i>; and <i>Zea</i> with <i>Z. mays</i>. The former section is typified by dark-staining knobs made up of <a href="/wiki/Heterochromatin" title="Heterochromatin">heterochromatin</a> that are terminal on most <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosome</a> arms, while most subspecies of section <i>Zea</i> may have none to three knobs between each chromosome end and the <a href="/wiki/Centromere" title="Centromere">centromere</a> and very few terminal knobs (except <i>Z. m. huehuetenangensis</i>, which has many large terminal knobs).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zea_(plant)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZeaSeedls400x99.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/ZeaSeedls400x99.jpg/220px-ZeaSeedls400x99.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/ZeaSeedls400x99.jpg/330px-ZeaSeedls400x99.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/ZeaSeedls400x99.jpg/440px-ZeaSeedls400x99.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Microscopic view of <i>Zea</i> seed</figcaption></figure> <p>Both <a href="/wiki/Annual_plant" title="Annual plant">annual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennial</a> teosinte species occur. <i>Z. diploperennis</i> and <i>Z. perennis</i> are perennial, while all other species are annual. All species are <a href="/wiki/Diploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diploid">diploid</a> (n=10) with the exception of <i>Z. perennis</i>, which is <a href="/wiki/Tetraploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetraploid">tetraploid</a> (n=20). The different species and subspecies of teosinte can be readily distinguished based on morphological, cytogenetic, protein, and DNA differences and on geographic origin. The two perennials are <a href="/wiki/Sympatric" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympatric">sympatric</a> and very similar and some consider them to be one species. What many consider to be the most puzzling teosinte is <i>Z. m. huehuetenangensis</i>, which combines a morphology rather like <i>Z. m. parviglumis</i> with many terminal chromosome knobs and an isozyme position between the two sections. Considered to be phenotypically the most distinctive, as well as the most threatened, teosinte is <i>Zea nicaraguensis</i>. This teosinte thrives in flooded conditions along 200 m of a coastal estuarine river in northwest Nicaragua. </p><p>Teosintes strongly resemble maize in many ways, notably their tassel (male inflorescence) morphology. Teosintes are distinguished from maize most obviously by their numerous branches each bearing bunches of distinctive, small female <a href="/wiki/Inflorescences" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflorescences">inflorescences</a>. These spikes mature to form a two-ranked 'ear' of five to 10 triangular or trapezoidal, black or brown disarticulating segments, each with one seed. Each seed is enclosed by a very hard fruitcase, consisting of a cupule or depression in the rachis and a tough lower glume. This protects them from the digestive processes of <a href="/wiki/Ruminants" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruminants">ruminants</a> that forage on teosinte and aid in seed distribution through their droppings. Teosinte seed exhibits some resistance to germination, but will quickly <a href="/wiki/Germinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Germinate">germinate</a> if treated with a dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_of_maize_and_interaction_with_teosintes">Origin of maize and interaction with teosintes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zea_(plant)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Origin of maize and interaction with teosintes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maize is a grass, related to <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a> and more distantly to <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>. The genus <i>Zea</i> is closely related to <i><a href="/wiki/Tripsacum" title="Tripsacum">Tripsacum</a></i>, gamagrass.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaut_Le_Thierry_dEnnequin_Peek_Sawkins_2000_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaut_Le_Thierry_dEnnequin_Peek_Sawkins_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">(Part of <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a>) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/BOP_clade" title="BOP clade">BOP clade</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>various grasses e.g. <a href="/wiki/Fescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Fescue">fescue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryegrass" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryegrass">ryegrass</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Hordeum" title="Hordeum">Hordeum</a></i> (barley) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Triticum" class="mw-redirect" title="Triticum">Triticum</a></i> (wheat) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Oryza" title="Oryza">Oryza</a></i> (rice) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/PACMAD_clade" title="PACMAD clade">PACMAD clade</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pennisetum" title="Pennisetum">Pennisetum</a></i> (fountaingrasses, <a href="/wiki/Pearl_millet" title="Pearl millet">pearl millet</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">Sorghum</a></i> (sorghum) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tripsacum" title="Tripsacum">Tripsacum</a></i> (gamagrass) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zea</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Zea_mays" class="mw-redirect" title="Zea mays">Zea mays</a></i> (maize) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>other <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zea</a></i> species (<a href="/wiki/Teosinte" class="mw-redirect" title="Teosinte">teosintes</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Teosintes are critical components of <a href="/wiki/Crop_domestication" class="mw-redirect" title="Crop domestication">maize domestication</a>, but opinions vary about which <a href="/wiki/Taxa" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxa">taxa</a> were involved. According to the most widely held evolutionary model, the crop was derived directly from <i>Z. m. parviglumis</i> by selection of key mutations;<sup id="cite_ref-Matsuoka2002_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matsuoka2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in some varieties up to 20% of its <a href="/wiki/Genetic_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic material">genetic material</a> came from <i>Z. m. mexicana</i> through <a href="/wiki/Introgression" title="Introgression">introgression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All but the <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaraguan</a> species of teosinte may grow in or very near corn fields, providing opportunities for <a href="/wiki/Introgression" title="Introgression">introgression</a> between teosinte and maize. First, and later-generation hybrids are often found in the fields, but the rate of gene exchange is quite low. Some populations of <i>Z. m. mexicana</i> display <a href="/wiki/Vavilovian_mimicry" title="Vavilovian mimicry">Vavilovian mimicry</a> within cultivated maize fields, having evolved a maize-like form as a result of the farmers' selective weeding pressure. In some areas of <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, teosintes are regarded by maize farmers as a noxious <a href="/wiki/Weed" title="Weed">weed</a>, while in a few areas, farmers regard it as a beneficial <a href="/wiki/Companion_planting" title="Companion planting">companion plant</a>, and encourage its <a href="/wiki/Introgression" title="Introgression">introgression</a> into their maize. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_dispersal_of_maize_in_the_Americas">Early dispersal of maize in the Americas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zea_(plant)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early dispersal of maize in the Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Matsuoka et al., the available early maize gene pool can be divided into three clusters: </p> <ul><li>An Andean group, that includes the hand-grenade-shaped ear types and some other Andean maize (35 plants);</li> <li>All other South American and Mexican maize (80 plants);</li> <li>U.S. maize (40 plants)</li></ul> <p>Also, some other intermediate genomes, or admixtures of these clusters occur. </p><p>According to these authors, "The maize of the Andes Mountains with its distinctive hand grenade-shaped ears was derived from the maize of lowland South America, which in turn came from maize of the lowlands of Guatemala and southern Mexico."<sup id="cite_ref-Matsuoka2002_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matsuoka2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zea_(plant)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Zea</i> species are used as food plants by the <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larvae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caterpillar" title="Caterpillar">caterpillars</a>) of some <a href="/wiki/Lepidoptera" title="Lepidoptera">Lepidopteran</a> species including (in the Americas) the <a href="/wiki/Fall_armyworm" title="Fall armyworm">fall armyworm</a> (<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>), the corn earworm (<i><a href="/wiki/Helicoverpa_zea" title="Helicoverpa zea">Helicoverpa zea</a></i>), and the stem borers <i><a href="/wiki/Diatraea" title="Diatraea">Diatraea</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Chilo_(moth)" title="Chilo (moth)">Chilo</a></i>; in the Old World, it is attacked by the <a href="/wiki/Double-striped_pug" title="Double-striped pug">double-striped pug</a>, the cutworms <a href="/wiki/Heart_and_club" title="Heart and club">heart and club</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heart_and_dart" title="Heart and dart">heart and dart</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hypercompe_indecisa" title="Hypercompe indecisa">Hypercompe indecisa</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Rustic_shoulder-knot" class="mw-redirect" title="Rustic shoulder-knot">rustic shoulder-knot</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Setaceous_Hebrew_character" title="Setaceous Hebrew character">setaceous Hebrew character</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turnip_moth" title="Turnip moth">turnip moths</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/European_corn_borer" title="European corn borer">European corn borer</a> (<i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i>), among many others. </p><p>Virtually all populations of teosintes are either threatened or endangered: <i>Z. diploperennis</i> exists in an area of only a few square miles; <i>Z. nicaraguensis</i> survives as about 6000 plants in an area of 200 × 150 m. The Mexican and Nicaraguan governments have taken action in recent years to protect wild teosinte populations, using both <i><a href="/wiki/In_situ" title="In situ">in situ</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_situ" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex situ">ex situ</a></i> conservation methods. Currently, a large amount of scientific interest exists in conferring beneficial teosinte traits, such as nitrogen fixation,<sup id="cite_ref-PLOS_NitroFix_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLOS_NitroFix-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> insect resistance, perennialism, and flood tolerance, to cultivated maize lines, although this is very difficult due to linked deleterious teosinte traits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genomics">Genomics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zea_(plant)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Genomics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gene_flow" title="Gene flow">Gene flow</a> from <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_maize" title="Genetically modified maize">genetically modified maize</a> to teosinte weeds has only been observed to produce a GM teosinte with the same trait but this may not always be the outcome.<sup id="cite_ref-Risk-Assessment_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Risk-Assessment-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teosinte with a different insertion of the <a href="/wiki/Transgene" title="Transgene">transgene</a> may result and functionally different outcomes may be produced.<sup id="cite_ref-Risk-Assessment_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Risk-Assessment-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zea_(plant)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-y-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-y_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=450340">Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gledhill-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gledhill_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a> (CUP). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521866453" title="Special:BookSources/9780521866453">9780521866453</a> (hardback), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521685535" title="Special:BookSources/9780521685535">9780521685535</a> (paperback). pp 411</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42268#null">"ITIS - Report: Zea"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ITIS+-+Report%3A+Zea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D42268%23null&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZea+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wu-et-al-2011-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wu-et-al-2011_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu-et-al-2011_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu-et-al-2011_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWuDiggleFriedman2011" class="citation journal cs1">Wu, Chi-Chih; Diggle, Pamela K.; Friedman, William E. (September 2011). "Female gametophyte development and double fertilization in Balsas teosinte, <i>Zea mays</i> subsp. <i>parviglumis</i> (Poaceae)". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_Plant_Reproduction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sexual Plant Reproduction (page does not exist)">Sexual Plant Reproduction</a></i>. <b>24</b> (3): 219–229. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00497-011-0164-1">10.1007/s00497-011-0164-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21380710">21380710</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8045294">8045294</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexual+Plant+Reproduction&rft.atitle=Female+gametophyte+development+and+double+fertilization+in+Balsas+teosinte%2C+Zea+mays+subsp.+parviglumis+%28Poaceae%29&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=219-229&rft.date=2011-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8045294%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21380710&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00497-011-0164-1&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Chi-Chih&rft.au=Diggle%2C+Pamela+K.&rft.au=Friedman%2C+William+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZea+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaut_Le_Thierry_dEnnequin_Peek_Sawkins_2000-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gaut_Le_Thierry_dEnnequin_Peek_Sawkins_2000_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGautLe_Thierry_d'EnnequinPeekSawkins2000" class="citation journal cs1">Gaut, Brandon S.; Le Thierry d'Ennequin, Maud; Peek, Andrew S.; Sawkins, Mark C. (2000-06-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC34377">"Maize as a model for the evolution of plant nuclear genomes"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>97</b> (13): 7008–7015. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000PNAS...97.7008G">2000PNAS...97.7008G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.97.13.7008">10.1073/pnas.97.13.7008</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC34377">34377</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10860964">10860964</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Maize+as+a+model+for+the+evolution+of+plant+nuclear+genomes&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=7008-7015&rft.date=2000-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC34377%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000PNAS...97.7008G&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10860964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.97.13.7008&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft.aulast=Gaut&rft.aufirst=Brandon+S.&rft.au=Le+Thierry+d%27Ennequin%2C+Maud&rft.au=Peek%2C+Andrew+S.&rft.au=Sawkins%2C+Mark+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC34377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZea+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matsuoka2002-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Matsuoka2002_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matsuoka2002_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatsuokaVigourouxGoodmanSanchez_G.2002" class="citation journal cs1">Matsuoka, Y.; Vigouroux, Y.; Goodman, M. 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Zea</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542456" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q542456">Q542456</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Zea_(Poaceae)" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Zea (Poaceae)">Zea (Poaceae)</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/196031">196031</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/81833">81833</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=279913">279913</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8W4SX">8W4SX</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/108049">108049</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1ZEAG">1ZEAG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=135271">135271</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=135271">135271</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2705049">2705049</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/GrassBase" title="GrassBase">GrassBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db/www/gen00693">gen00693</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=13020">13020</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/48449">48449</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/19280-1">19280-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1095219">1095219</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42268">42268</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0000465225">NHMSYS0000465225</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=4575">4575</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/f1ba526e-9011-4c5d-87ee-c5d608360737">f1ba526e-9011-4c5d-87ee-c5d608360737</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=605186">605186</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=461338">461338</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/ZEA">ZEA</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A19280-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:19280-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/40028236">40028236</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/1839">1839</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000041167">wfo-4000041167</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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