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searchaux" style="display:none">Large Australian farm</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cooplacurripa_Station(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cooplacurripa_Station%285%29.jpg/300px-Cooplacurripa_Station%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cooplacurripa_Station%285%29.jpg/450px-Cooplacurripa_Station%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cooplacurripa_Station%285%29.jpg/600px-Cooplacurripa_Station%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4431" data-file-height="1838" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cooplacurripa_Station" title="Cooplacurripa Station">Cooplacurripa cattle station</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>In Australia and New Zealand, a <b>cattle station</b> is a large farm (<a href="/wiki/Station_(Australian_agriculture)" title="Station (Australian agriculture)">station</a> is equivalent to the American <a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">ranch</a>), the main activity of which is the rearing of cattle. The owner of a cattle station is called a <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grazier" class="extiw" title="wikt:grazier">grazier</a></i>. The largest cattle station in the world is <a href="/wiki/Anna_Creek_Station" title="Anna Creek Station">Anna Creek Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>, which covers an area of 23,677 square kilometres (9,142 sq mi; 5,851,000 acres).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Improvements">Improvements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_station&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Improvements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna-Creek-homestead-1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Anna-Creek-homestead-1.JPG/270px-Anna-Creek-homestead-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Anna-Creek-homestead-1.JPG/405px-Anna-Creek-homestead-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Anna-Creek-homestead-1.JPG/540px-Anna-Creek-homestead-1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>Anna Creek main <a href="/wiki/Homestead_(buildings)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead (buildings)">homestead</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Each station has a <a href="/wiki/Homestead_(buildings)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead (buildings)">homestead</a> where the property owner or the manager lives. Nearby cottages or staff quarters provide housing for the employees. Storage sheds and cattle yards are also sited near the homestead. Other structures depend on the size and location of the station. Isolated stations will have a mechanic's workshop, schoolroom, a small general store to supply essentials, and possibly an entertainment or bar area for the owners and staff. Water may be supplied from a river, <a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">bores</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cattle dam (page does not exist)">dams</a>, in conjunction with rainwater tanks. Nowadays, if rural mains power is not connected, electricity is typically provided by a generator, although <a href="/wiki/Solar_electricity" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar electricity">solar electricity</a> systems have become increasingly common.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Children were originally educated by <a href="/wiki/Distance_education" title="Distance education">correspondence lessons</a>, often supervised by a <a href="/wiki/Governess" title="Governess">governess</a>, and via the <a href="/wiki/School_of_the_Air" title="School of the Air">School of the Air</a>, but many children in remote areas went to <a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">boarding school</a> for their secondary education. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Doctor_Service" title="Royal Flying Doctor Service">Royal Flying Doctor Service</a> is available to remote stations in <a href="/wiki/Outback" title="Outback">outback</a> Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outstations">Outstations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_station&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Outstations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cattle_Creek_outstation,_Wave_Hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cattle_Creek_outstation%2C_Wave_Hill.jpg/220px-Cattle_Creek_outstation%2C_Wave_Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cattle_Creek_outstation%2C_Wave_Hill.jpg/330px-Cattle_Creek_outstation%2C_Wave_Hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cattle_Creek_outstation%2C_Wave_Hill.jpg/440px-Cattle_Creek_outstation%2C_Wave_Hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5637" data-file-height="3817" /></a><figcaption>Cattle Creek outstation of <a href="/wiki/Wave_Hill_Station" title="Wave Hill Station">Wave Hill</a>, NT, 1962</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, an outstation was a subsidiary homestead or other dwelling on Australian <a href="/wiki/Sheep_station" title="Sheep station">sheep</a> or cattle stations that was more than a day's return travel from the main homestead.<sup id="cite_ref-ch1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the term later came to be more commonly used to describe a specific type of Aboriginal settlement, also known as a <a href="/wiki/Outstation_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Outstation movement">homeland community</a>, it is still used on cattle stations today, for example the Sturt Creek Outstation of the <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Plains_Station" title="Ruby Plains Station">Ruby Plains Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Kimberley" class="mw-redirect" title="The Kimberley">The Kimberley</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among others.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cattle station now known as Pigeon Hole was until 2000 an outstation of the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_River_Downs_Station" title="Victoria River Downs Station">Victoria River Downs Station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_station&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tipperary_Stn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Tipperary_Stn.jpg/220px-Tipperary_Stn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Tipperary_Stn.jpg/330px-Tipperary_Stn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Tipperary_Stn.jpg/440px-Tipperary_Stn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1766" data-file-height="1169" /></a><figcaption>General store, <a href="/wiki/Tipperary_Station" title="Tipperary Station">Tipperary Station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wavehill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Wavehill.jpg/220px-Wavehill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Wavehill.jpg/330px-Wavehill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Wavehill.jpg/440px-Wavehill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>Donkey team at Wave Hill station, Northern Territory, ca. 1946</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StateLibQld_2_388361_Tuaburra,_an_outstation_of_Bowen_Downs_Station,_1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/StateLibQld_2_388361_Tuaburra%2C_an_outstation_of_Bowen_Downs_Station%2C_1898.jpg/250px-StateLibQld_2_388361_Tuaburra%2C_an_outstation_of_Bowen_Downs_Station%2C_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/StateLibQld_2_388361_Tuaburra%2C_an_outstation_of_Bowen_Downs_Station%2C_1898.jpg/375px-StateLibQld_2_388361_Tuaburra%2C_an_outstation_of_Bowen_Downs_Station%2C_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/StateLibQld_2_388361_Tuaburra%2C_an_outstation_of_Bowen_Downs_Station%2C_1898.jpg/500px-StateLibQld_2_388361_Tuaburra%2C_an_outstation_of_Bowen_Downs_Station%2C_1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Tuaburra, an outstation of <a href="/wiki/Bowen_Downs_Station" title="Bowen Downs Station">Bowen Downs Station</a>, 1898</figcaption></figure> <p>Charles Brown Fisher and Maurice Lyons, a Melbourne magistrate stocked <a href="/wiki/Victoria_River_Downs_Station" title="Victoria River Downs Station">Victoria River Downs</a> in the early 1880s. <a href="/wiki/Drover_(Australian)" title="Drover (Australian)">Drover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Buchanan" title="Nathaniel Buchanan">Nathaniel Buchanan</a> (1826–1901), overlanded 20,000 head of cattle from Wilmot to Victoria River Downs in c.1881 to establish their cattle venture. Previously Nat had from 1860 to 1867, stocked and managed <a href="/wiki/Bowen_Downs_Station" title="Bowen Downs Station">Bowen Downs Station</a> near <a href="/wiki/Longreach,_Queensland" title="Longreach, Queensland">Longreach, Queensland</a>. Buchanan was associated with the opening up and stocking of several cattle stations in the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_River_(Northern_Territory)" title="Victoria River (Northern Territory)">Victoria River</a> district and the <a href="/wiki/Ord_River" title="Ord River">Ord River</a> region. The Gordon brothers and Nathaniel Buchanan took up <a href="/wiki/Wave_Hill_Station" title="Wave Hill Station">Wave Hill</a> on the Victoria River in 1883, one of the first cattle stations established west of the Telegraph Line. Their nearest neighbour was 200 miles (322 km) away. </p><p>By 1898 <a href="/wiki/James_Tyson" title="James Tyson">James Tyson</a> (8 April 1819 – 4 December 1898), held 5,329,214 acres (2,156,680 ha) including 352,332 acres (142,585 ha) freehold. His stations included Bangate, Goondublui, Juanbung, Tupra and Mooroonowa in New South Wales; Heyfield in Victoria; and <a href="/wiki/Glenormiston_Station" title="Glenormiston Station">Glenormiston</a>, Swanvale, Meteor Downs and Albinia Downs, Babbiloora, Carnarvon, Tully, Wyobie, Felton, Mount Russell and Tinnenburra in Queensland. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Kidman" title="Sidney Kidman">Sidney Kidman</a> (1857–1935) set up a chain of cattle stations along the sources of water, from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Carpentaria" title="Gulf of Carpentaria">Gulf of Carpentaria</a>, into South Australia to be within easy droving distance of the Adelaide markets. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Aborigines</a> have long played a big part in the cattle industry where they were competent <a href="/wiki/Stockman_(Australia)" title="Stockman (Australia)">stockmen</a> on the cattle stations of the north. In 1950 it was legislated that the Aboriginal workers were now to be paid cash wages. </p><p>Many cattle stations were established along the <a href="/wiki/Great_Dividing_Range" title="Great Dividing Range">Great Dividing Range</a> where only cattle raising was possible because of <a href="/wiki/Dingo" title="Dingo">dingo</a> attacks on sheep. The original Kunderang Station, on the eastern fall of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Dividing_Range" title="Great Dividing Range">Great Dividing Range</a> was taken up by Captain George Jobling as an outstation, and later sold under the Subdivision of Runs Act 1884. Kunderang was one of the few Great Dividing Range stations which was inhabited. The isolated homestead here, was built of solid Australian red cedar (<i><a href="/wiki/Toona_ciliata" title="Toona ciliata">Toona ciliata</a></i>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vict_River_Downs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Vict_River_Downs.jpg/220px-Vict_River_Downs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Vict_River_Downs.jpg/330px-Vict_River_Downs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Vict_River_Downs.jpg/440px-Vict_River_Downs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1780" data-file-height="1179" /></a><figcaption>Cattle and horses in stockyards, Victoria River Downs, NT, Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>Several major events have affected cattle stations starting with the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> and including the beef depression of the early 1970s, the technological achievements of the 1980s and the advent of <a href="/wiki/Live_export" title="Live export">live export</a> markets in the more recent years. Roads and communications were greatly improved as a result of the War. Many of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_pastoral_leases_in_the_Northern_Territory" title="List of pastoral leases in the Northern Territory">Northern Territory cattle stations</a> had been previously owned by English companies who also did not pay tax in Australia. The 33,280 square kilometres Victoria River Downs was sold in March 1909 to Lord Luke's Bovril Australian Estates for AU£180,000 and until 1950 they were not paying taxes to the Australian Government. In 1950 income tax was introduced to Northern Territory land owners. The very large stations were subdivided and country was available with reasonable conditions of tenure. This saw an influx of adventurous, working stockmen, with many doing well by mustering 'cleanskins' (unbranded cattle) on their new land. </p><p>Zebu cattle were imported from <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> in 1956 and <a href="/wiki/Brahman_cattle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahman cattle">Brahman cattle</a> were also brought from United States at about that time. Many new breeds were developed from these imports and this led to cattle that were much more tolerant to the <a href="/wiki/Top_End" title="Top End">Top End</a> heat and cattle <a href="/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">ticks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Brucellosis and Tuberculosis Eradication Campaign (BTEC) was a national program to eradicate bovine brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis that commenced in 1970 after years of local jurisdictional activities. In the 1970s, interest rates soared and the American beef market collapsed causing the beef depression. A fat bullock was then worth less than a pair of locally made elastic side riding boots. The cattle herd was reduced to 21.8 million by 1978 in the wake of this crash.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roads and communications were further improved as a result of the Tuberculosis Eradication Campaign. In 1979, a disastrous drought struck and continued into 1983 becoming one of Australia's worst droughts. </p><p>Helicopters were now being used to assist in mustering in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australia entered the Japanese beef market in 1988 with improved expectations for a better future in the beef cattle industry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cattle_empires">Cattle empires</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_station&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cattle empires"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/North_Australian_Pastoral_Company" title="North Australian Pastoral Company">North Australian Pastoral Company</a> Pty Limited (NAPCO) is now one of Australia's largest beef cattle producers, with a herd of over 180,000 cattle and fourteen cattle stations in Queensland and the Northern Territory.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Agricultural_Company" title="Australian Agricultural Company">Australian Agricultural Company</a> (AA Co) manages a cattle herd of more than 585,000 head.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heytesbury Beef Pty Ltd owns and manages over two hundred thousand head of cattle across eight stations spanning the East Kimberley, Victoria River and <a href="/wiki/Barkly_Tableland" title="Barkly Tableland">Barkly Tablelands</a> regions in Northern Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cattle station has a parallel term, <a href="/wiki/Sheep_station" title="Sheep station">sheep station</a>, for those stations carrying sheep rather than cattle. In most cases the stations are in a <a href="/wiki/Rangeland" title="Rangeland">rangeland</a> context on <a href="/wiki/Pastoral_lease" title="Pastoral lease">pastoral leases</a>. Many are larger than small countries. Some stations are not exclusively sheep or cattle stations but have a mix of cattle, sheep and even goats to make the owner less vulnerable to changes in the wool or beef prices. </p><p>The phrase is also in traditional <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a> to denote something large and/or important. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_station&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming#Cattle" title="Intensive animal farming">Intensive animal farming § Cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muster_(livestock)" title="Muster (livestock)">Muster (livestock)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_station&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMercer2008" class="citation web cs1">Mercer, Phil (9 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7443625.stm">"Cattle farms lure Australian women"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cattle+farms+lure+Australian+women&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2008-06-09&rft.aulast=Mercer&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2F7443625.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-19/royal-flying-doctor-service-covid-vaccines-outback-australia/100387620">"Air supply: Flying doctors deliver vaccinations to remote Outback stations"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 19 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Air+supply%3A+Flying+doctors+deliver+vaccinations+to+remote+Outback+stations&rft.date=2021-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2021-08-19%2Froyal-flying-doctor-service-covid-vaccines-outback-australia%2F100387620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ch1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ch1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyersPeterson2016" class="citation book cs1">Myers, Fred; Peterson, Nicolas (January 2016). "1. The origins and history of outstations as Aboriginal life projects". In Peterson, Nicolas; Myers, Fred (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p331981/pdf/ch011.pdf"><i>Experiments in self-determination:Histories of the outstation movement in Australia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Monographs in Anthropology. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22459%2FESD.01.2016">10.22459/ESD.01.2016</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781925022902" title="Special:BookSources/9781925022902"><bdi>9781925022902</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1.+The+origins+and+history+of+outstations+as+Aboriginal+life+projects&rft.btitle=Experiments+in+self-determination%3AHistories+of+the+outstation+movement+in+Australia&rft.series=Monographs+in+Anthropology&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2016-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22459%2FESD.01.2016&rft.isbn=9781925022902&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.au=Peterson%2C+Nicolas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress-files.anu.edu.au%2Fdownloads%2Fpress%2Fp331981%2Fpdf%2Fch011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+station" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span> (Book details <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.anu.edu.au/publications/series/monographs-anthropology/experiments-self-determination">here</a>.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190817024223/http://tlf.dlr.det.nsw.edu.au/learningobjects/Content/R11294/object/r7756.html">"R7756 Cattle Creek outstation, 1962"</a>. <i>Wave Hill walk-off</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tlf.dlr.det.nsw.edu.au/learningobjects/Content/R11294/object/r7756.html">the original</a> on 17 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wave+Hill+walk-off&rft.atitle=R7756+Cattle+Creek+outstation%2C+1962&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftlf.dlr.det.nsw.edu.au%2Flearningobjects%2FContent%2FR11294%2Fobject%2Fr7756.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrongRoegerLow1986" class="citation web cs1">Strong, B. W; Roeger, L.; Low, William A. (October 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10070/260128">"Resource appraisal of Cattle Creek Station Pastoral Lease 912: prepared for Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, Alice Springs"</a>. <i>Territory Stories</i>. W. A. Low Ecological Services. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10070%2F260128">10070/260128</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>. <q>Residence at the former outstation was ephemeral during periods of cattle working in the Cattle Creek area. Permanent residence was at Wave Hill Homestead where a few Aboriginals still live.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Territory+Stories&rft.atitle=Resource+appraisal+of+Cattle+Creek+Station+Pastoral+Lease+912%3A+prepared+for+Conservation+Commission+of+the+Northern+Territory%2C+Alice+Springs&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1986-10&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10070%2F260128&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=B.+W&rft.au=Roeger%2C+L.&rft.au=Low%2C+William+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10070%2F260128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+station" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://territorystories.nt.gov.au/jspui/bitstream/10070/260128/1/Resource_appraisal_of_Cattle_Creek_Station_Pastoral_lease_912.pdf">PDF</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kidman.com.au/locations/sturt-creek/">"Sturt Creek Outstation"</a>. <i>S. Kidman</i>. 14 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S.+Kidman&rft.atitle=Sturt+Creek+Outstation&rft.date=2019-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kidman.com.au%2Flocations%2Fsturt-creek%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhelps2019" class="citation web cs1">Phelps, Mark (27 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.katherinetimes.com.au/story/6245049/nt-station-offered-with-12000-cattle/">"Daly Waters: Murranji offered with 12,000 cattle"</a>. <i>Katherine Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Katherine+Times&rft.atitle=Daly+Waters%3A+Murranji+offered+with+12%2C000+cattle&rft.date=2019-06-27&rft.aulast=Phelps&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.katherinetimes.com.au%2Fstory%2F6245049%2Fnt-station-offered-with-12000-cattle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heytesburycattle.com.au/our-stations/pigeon-hole/">"Pigeon Hole"</a>. <i>Heytesbury Cattle Co</i>. 20 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heytesbury+Cattle+Co.&rft.atitle=Pigeon+Hole&rft.date=2015-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheytesburycattle.com.au%2Four-stations%2Fpigeon-hole%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor, Peter, Pastoral Properties of Australia, George Allen & Unwin, Sydney, London, Boston,1984</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Austin, Nigel, Kings of the Cattle Country, Bay Books, Sydney & London, 1986</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane2011" class="citation news cs1">Lane, Megan (15 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12408888">"Helicopter cowboys of Australia's Outback"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Helicopter+cowboys+of+Australia%27s+Outback&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-pacific-12408888&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACattle+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napco.com.au/">North Australian Pastoral Company</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaco.com.au/Cattle.aspx?dc=1">AACo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070329060247/http://www.aaco.com.au/Cattle.aspx?dc=1">Archived</a> 29 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heytesburybeef.com.au/main.asp?sectID=2">Heytesbury Beef</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070903053739/http://www.heytesburybeef.com.au/main.asp?sectID=2">Archived</a> 3 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_station&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2008/03/06/2181417.htm">ABC: Training and my first look at Brunette Downs Cattle Station</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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