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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: M. Fathi</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: M. Fathi"> <meta name="keywords" content="M. Fathi"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="M. 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Fathi"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 48</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: M. Fathi</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Detect Circles in Image: Using Statistical Image Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20M.%20O.%20Hamed">Fathi M. O. Hamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20F.%20Elkofhaifee"> Salma F. Elkofhaifee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this work is to detect geometrical shape objects in an image. In this paper, the object is considered to be as a circle shape. The identification requires find three characteristics, which are number, size, and location of the object. To achieve the goal of this work, this paper presents an algorithm that combines from some of statistical approaches and image analysis techniques. This algorithm has been implemented to arrive at the major objectives in this paper. The algorithm has been evaluated by using simulated data, and yields good results, and then it has been applied to real data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title="image processing">image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=median%20filter" title=" median filter"> median filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=projection" title=" projection"> projection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale-space" title=" scale-space"> scale-space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation" title=" segmentation"> segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold" title=" threshold"> threshold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37141/detect-circles-in-image-using-statistical-image-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Ray Tracing Modified 3D Image Method Simulation of Picocellular Propagation Channel Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Alwafie">Fathi Alwafie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we present the simulation of the propagation characteristics of the picocellular propagation channel environment. The first aim has been to find a correct description of the environment for received wave. The result of the first investigations is that the environment of the indoor wave significantly changes as we change the electric parameters of material constructions. A modified 3D ray tracing image method tool has been utilized for the coverage prediction. A detailed analysis of the dependence of the indoor wave on the wide-band characteristics of the channel: Root Mean Square (RMS) delay spread characteristics and mean excess delay, is also investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation" title="propagation">propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ray%20tracing" title=" ray tracing"> ray tracing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20computing" title=" mobile computing"> mobile computing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4077/ray-tracing-modified-3d-image-method-simulation-of-picocellular-propagation-channel-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> The Effect of the Crystal Field Interaction on the Critical Temperatures and the Sublattice Magnetizations of a Mixedspin-3/2 and Spin-5/2 Ferromagnetic System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Abubrig">Fathi Abubrig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Delfag"> Mohamed Delfag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suad%20Abuzariba"> Suad Abuzariba </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of the crystal field interactions on the mixed spin-3/2 and spin-5/2 ferromagnetic Ising system is considered by using the mean field theory based on Bogoliubov inequality for the Gibbs free energy. The ground-state phase diagram is constructed, the phase diagrams of the second-order critical temperatures are obtained, and the thermal variation of the sublattice magnetizations is investigated in detail. We find some interesting phenomena for the sublattice magnetizations at particular values of the crystal field interactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal%20field" title="crystal field">crystal field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ising%20system" title=" Ising system"> Ising system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferromagnetic" title=" ferromagnetic"> ferromagnetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetization" title=" magnetization"> magnetization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20diagrams" title=" phase diagrams"> phase diagrams</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5406/the-effect-of-the-crystal-field-interaction-on-the-critical-temperatures-and-the-sublattice-magnetizations-of-a-mixedspin-32-and-spin-52-ferromagnetic-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Performance of Environmental Efficiency of Energy Iran and Other Middle East Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahram%20Fathi">Bahram Fathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Khodaparast%20Mashhadi"> Mahdi Khodaparast Mashhadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masuod%20Homayounifar"> Masuod Homayounifar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to 1404 forecasting documentation, among the most fundamental ways of Iran’s success in competition with other regional countries are innovations, efficiency enhancements and domestic productivity. Therefore, in this study, the energy consumption efficiency of Iran and the neighbor countries has been measured in the period between 2007-2012 considering the simultaneous economic activities, CO2 emission, and consumption of energy through data envelopment analysis of undesirable output. The results of the study indicated that the energy efficiency changes in both Iran and the average neighbor countries has been on a descending trend and Iran’s energy efficiency status is not desirable compared to the other countries in the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title="energy efficiency">energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental" title=" environmental"> environmental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undesirable%20output" title=" undesirable output"> undesirable output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20envelopment%20analysis" title=" data envelopment analysis"> data envelopment analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39885/performance-of-environmental-efficiency-of-energy-iran-and-other-middle-east-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Reduction of Speckle Noise in Echocardiographic Images: A Survey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Kallel">Fathi Kallel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saida%20Khachira"> Saida Khachira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ben%20Slima"> Mohamed Ben Slima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Ben%20Hamida"> Ahmed Ben Hamida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Speckle noise is a main characteristic of cardiac ultrasound images, it corresponding to grainy appearance that degrades the image quality. For this reason, the ultrasound images are difficult to use automatically in clinical use, then treatments are required for this type of images. Then a filtering procedure of these images is necessary to eliminate the speckle noise and to improve the quality of ultrasound images which will be then segmented to extract the necessary forms that exist. In this paper, we present the importance of the pre-treatment step for segmentation. This work is applied to cardiac ultrasound images. In a first step, a comparative study of speckle filtering method will be presented and then we use a segmentation algorithm to locate and extract cardiac structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20image%20processing" title="medical image processing">medical image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound%20images" title=" ultrasound images"> ultrasound images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Speckle%20noise" title=" Speckle noise"> Speckle noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20enhancement" title=" image enhancement"> image enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speckle%20filtering" title=" speckle filtering"> speckle filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation" title=" segmentation"> segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snakes" title=" snakes"> snakes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19064/reduction-of-speckle-noise-in-echocardiographic-images-a-survey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Performance of Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Different Pozzolanic Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Fathi%20Mohamed">Ahmed Fathi Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasir%20Shafiq"> Nasir Shafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhd%20Fadhil%20Nuruddin"> Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Elheber%20Ahmed"> Ali Elheber Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Steel fiber adds to Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) to enhance it is properties and achieves the requirement. This research work focus on the using of different percentage of steel fiber in SCC mixture contains fly ash and microwave incinerator rice husk ash (MIRHA) as supplementary material. Fibers affect several characteristics of SCC in the fresh and the hardened state. To optimize fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete (FSCC), The possible fiber content of a given mix composition is an essential input parameter. The aim of the research is to study the properties of fiber reinforced self–compacting (FRSCC) and to develop the expert system/computer program of mix proportion for calculating the steel fiber content and pozzolanic replacement that can be applied to investigate the compressive strength of FSCC mix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-compacting%20concrete" title="self-compacting concrete">self-compacting concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20fume" title=" silica fume"> silica fume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20fiber" title=" steel fiber"> steel fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fresh%20taste" title=" fresh taste"> fresh taste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1321/performance-of-fiber-reinforced-self-compacting-concrete-containing-different-pozzolanic-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">574</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Evalution of the Impact on Improvement of Bank Manager Decision Making</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzane%20Sadatnia">Farzane Sadatnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahram%20Fathi"> Bahram Fathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, all public and private organizations have found that the management of the world for key information related to the activities of a staff and its main essence and philosophy, though they constitute the management information systems are very helpful in this respect the right to apply systems can save a lot in terms of economic organizations including reducing the time decision - making, improve the quality of decision making, and cost savings to bring information systems is a backup system that can never be instead of logic and human reasoning, which can be used in the series is spreading, providing resources, and provide the necessary facilities, provide better services for users, balanced budget allocation, determine strengths and weaknesses and previous plans to review the current decisions and especially the decision . Hence; in this study attempts to the effect of an information system on a review of the organization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20system" title="information system">information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning" title=" planning"> planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organization" title=" organization"> organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coordination" title=" coordination"> coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control" title=" control"> control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31543/evalution-of-the-impact-on-improvement-of-bank-manager-decision-making" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Measuring Energy Efficiency Performance of Mena Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Mohammadbagheri">Azam Mohammadbagheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahram%20Fathi"> Bahram Fathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> DEA has become a very popular method of performance measure, but it still suffers from some shortcomings. One of these shortcomings is the issue of having multiple optimal solutions to weights for efficient DMUs. The cross efficiency evaluation as an extension of DEA is proposed to avoid this problem. Lam (2010) is also proposed a mixed-integer linear programming formulation based on linear discriminate analysis and super efficiency method (MILP model) to avoid having multiple optimal solutions to weights. In this study, we modified MILP model to determine more suitable weight sets and also evaluate the energy efficiency of MENA countries as an application of the proposed model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20envelopment%20analysis" title="data envelopment analysis">data envelopment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discriminate%20analysis" title=" discriminate analysis"> discriminate analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20efficiency" title=" cross efficiency"> cross efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MILP%20model" title=" MILP model"> MILP model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26629/measuring-energy-efficiency-performance-of-mena-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26629.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">687</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Performance of Environmental Efficiency of Energy Consumption in OPEC Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahram%20Fathi">Bahram Fathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Khodaparast%20Mashhadi"> Mahdi Khodaparast Mashhadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masuod%20Homayounifar"> Masuod Homayounifar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Global awareness on energy security and climate change has created much interest in assessing energy efficiency performance. A number of previous studies have contributed to evaluate energy efficiency performance using different analytical techniques among which data envelopment analysis (DEA) has recently received increasing attention. Most of DEA-related energy efficiency studies do not consider undesirable outputs such as CO2 emissions in their modeling framework, which may lead to biased energy efficiency values. Within a joint production frame work of desirable and undesirable outputs, in this paper we construct energy efficiency performance index for measuring energy efficiency performance by using environmental DEA model with CO2 emissions. We finally apply the index proposed to assess the energy efficiency performance in OPEC over time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title="energy efficiency">energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental" title=" environmental"> environmental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OPEC" title=" OPEC"> OPEC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20envelopment%20analysis" title=" data envelopment analysis"> data envelopment analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40892/performance-of-environmental-efficiency-of-energy-consumption-in-opec-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Drying Modeling of Banana Using Cellular Automata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fathi">M. Fathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Farhaninejad"> Z. Farhaninejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shahedi"> M. Shahedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sadeghi"> M. Sadeghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drying is one of the oldest preservation methods for food and agriculture products. Appropriate control of operation can be obtained by modeling. Limitation of continues models for complex boundary condition and non-regular geometries leading to appearance of discrete novel methods such as cellular automata, which provides a platform for obtaining fast predictions by rule-based mathematics. In this research a one D dimensional CA was used for simulating thin layer drying of banana. Banana slices were dried with a convectional air dryer and experimental data were recorded for validating of final model. The model was programmed by MATLAB, run for 70000 iterations and von-Neumann neighborhood. The validation results showed a good accordance between experimental and predicted data (R=0.99). Cellular automata are capable to reproduce the expected pattern of drying and have a powerful potential for solving physical problems with reasonable accuracy and low calculating resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banana" title="banana">banana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title=" cellular automata"> cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34912/drying-modeling-of-banana-using-cellular-automata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Behavior of a Vertical Pile under the Effect of an Inclined Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Mohamed%20Abdrabbo">Fathi Mohamed Abdrabbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Elsayed%20Gaaver"> Khaled Elsayed Gaaver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musab%20Musa%20Eldooma"> Musab Musa Eldooma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an attempt made to investigate the behavior of a single vertical steel hollow pile embedded in sand subjected to compressive inclined load at various inclination angles α through FEM package MIDAS GTS/NX 2019. The effect of the inclination angle and slenderness ratio on the performance of the pile was investigated. Inclined load caring capacity and pile stiffness, as well as lateral deformation profiles along with the pile, were presented. The global, vertical, and horizontal load displacements, as well as the deformation profiles along with the pile and the pile stiffness, are significantly affected by α. Whereas P-Y curves of the pile are independent of α., also the slenderness ratios are markedly affecting the behavior of the pile. In addition, there was a noticeable effect of the horizontal component on the vertical behavior of the pile, whereas there was no influence of the presence of vertical load on the horizontal behavior of the pile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20foundations" title="deep foundations">deep foundations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piles" title=" piles"> piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined%20load" title=" inclined load"> inclined load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20deformations" title=" pile deformations"> pile deformations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145253/behavior-of-a-vertical-pile-under-the-effect-of-an-inclined-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Decision Making during the Project Management Life Cycle of Infrastructure Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karrar%20Raoof%20Kareem%20Kamoona">Karrar Raoof Kareem Kamoona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enas%20Fathi%20Taher%20AlHares"> Enas Fathi Taher AlHares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeynep%20Isik"> Zeynep Isik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The various disciplines in the construction industry and the co-existence of the people in the various disciplines are what builds well-developed, closely-knit interpersonal skills at various hierarchical levels thus leading to a varied way of leadership. The varied decision making aspects during the lifecycle of a project include: autocratic, participatory and last but not least, free-rein. We can classify some of the decision makers in the construction industry in a hierarchical manner as follows: project executive, project manager, superintendent, office engineer and finally the field engineer. This survey looked at how decisions are made during the construction period by the key stakeholders in the project. From the paper it is evident that the three decision making aspects can be used at different times or at times together in order to bring out the best leadership decision. A blend of different leadership styles should be used to enhance the success rate during the project lifecycle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership%20style" title="leadership style">leadership style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title=" construction"> construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-making" title=" decision-making"> decision-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=built%20environment" title=" built environment"> built environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54349/decision-making-during-the-project-management-life-cycle-of-infrastructure-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Measuring Environmental Efficiency of Energy in OPEC Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahram%20Fathi">Bahram Fathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedhossein%20Sajadifar"> Seyedhossein Sajadifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naser%20Khiabani"> Naser Khiabani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has recently gained popularity in energy efficiency analysis. A common feature of the previously proposed DEA models for measuring energy efficiency performance is that they treat energy consumption as an input within a production framework without considering undesirable outputs. However, energy use results in the generation of undesirable outputs as byproducts of producing desirable outputs. Within a joint production framework of both desirable and undesirable outputs, this paper presents several DEA-type linear programming models for measuring energy efficiency performance. In addition to considering undesirable outputs, our models treat different energy sources as different inputs so that changes in energy mix could be accounted for in evaluating energy efficiency. The proposed models are applied to measure the energy efficiency performances of 12 OPEC countries and the results obtained are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title="energy efficiency">energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undesirable%20outputs" title=" undesirable outputs"> undesirable outputs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20envelopment%20analysis" title=" data envelopment analysis "> data envelopment analysis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26286/measuring-environmental-efficiency-of-energy-in-opec-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">736</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Parents' Attitudes towards a School-Based Family Program in Early Literacy in Qatari Preschool Settings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Ihmeideh">Fathi Ihmeideh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aimed at investigating parents’ attitudes towards a school-based family program in developing kindergarten children’s literacy skills. The study surveyed 160 parents of preschool children, gathering information about their attitudes toward the development of children’s early literacy. Results indicated that parents hold positive attitudes towards the school-based family literacy program. The results also revealed statistically significant differences among parents due to a number of study variables. The study concludes with putting forward a number of practical and theoretical recommendations for the field of study. Acknowledgment: This paper was made possible by NPRP grant # (NPRP 8-921-5-122) from the Qatar national research fund (a member of Qatar foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parents" title="parents">parents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literacy%20development" title=" literacy development"> literacy development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool%20children" title=" preschool children"> preschool children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20involvement" title=" family involvement"> family involvement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70952/parents-attitudes-towards-a-school-based-family-program-in-early-literacy-in-qatari-preschool-settings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Behavior of A Vertical Pile Under the Effect of an Inclined Load in Loose Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Mohamed%20Abdrabbo">Fathi Mohamed Abdrabbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Esayed%20Gaaver"> Khaled Esayed Gaaver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musab%20Musa%20Eldooma"> Musab Musa Eldooma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an attempt made to investigate the behavior of a single vertical steel hollow pile embedded in sand subjected to compressive inclined load at various inclination angles α through FEM package MIDAS GTS/NX 2019. The effect of the inclination angle and slenderness ratio on the performance of the pile was investigated. Inclined load caring capacity and pile stiffness, as well as lateral deformation profiles along with the pile, were presented. The global, vertical, and horizontal load displacements of pile head, as well as the deformation profiles along the pile and the pile stiffness, are significantly affected by α. It was observed that the P-Y curves of the pile-soil system are independent of α. Also, the slenderness ratios are markedly affecting the behavior of the pile. In addition, there was a noticeable effect of the horizontal load component of the applied load on the vertical behavior of the pile, whereas there was no influence of the presence of vertical load on the horizontal behavior of the pile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20foundation" title="deep foundation">deep foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piles" title=" piles"> piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined%20load" title=" inclined load"> inclined load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20deformations" title=" pile deformations"> pile deformations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145277/behavior-of-a-vertical-pile-under-the-effect-of-an-inclined-load-in-loose-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Effect of BYMV on Faba Bean Productivity in Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20S.%20El-Ammari">Abdullah S. El-Ammari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20M.%20El-Sanousi"> Omar M. El-Sanousi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20S.%20El-Mesmari"> Fathi S. El-Mesmari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One distinct virus namely bean yellow mosaic potyvirus (BYMV) was isolated from naturally infected faba bean plants and identified through the serological reaction, mechanical transmission, host range and symptomology. To study the effect of BYMV on faba bean crop productivity, the experiment was carried out in naturally infected field in a completely randomized design with two treatments (the early infected plants and the lately infected plants). T- test was used to analyze the data. plants of each treatment were harvested when the pods were fully ripened. Early infection significantly reduced the yield of broad bean crop leading to 85.04% yield loss in productivity of seeds per plant, 72.42% yield loss in number of pods per plants, 31.58% yield loss in number of seeds per pod and 18.2% yield loss in weight of seeds per plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bean%20yellow%20mosaic%20potyvirus" title="bean yellow mosaic potyvirus">bean yellow mosaic potyvirus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faba%20bean" title=" faba bean"> faba bean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=libya" title=" libya"> libya</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35584/effect-of-bymv-on-faba-bean-productivity-in-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Predicting the Solubility of Aromatic Waste Petroleum Paraffin Wax in Organic Solvents to Separate Ultra-Pure Phase Change Materials (PCMs) by Molecular Dynamics Simulation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Soliman">Fathi Soliman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the ultimate goal of developing the separation of n-paraffin as phase change material (PCM) by means of molecular dynamic simulations, we attempt to predict the solubility of aromatic n-paraffin in two organic solvents: Butyl Acetate (BA) and Methyl Iso Butyl Ketone (MIBK). A simple model of aromatic paraffin: 2-hexadecylantharacene with amorphous molecular structure and periodic boundary conditions was constructed. The results showed that MIBK is the best solvent to separate ultra-pure phase change materials and this data was compatible with experimental data done to separate ultra-pure n-paraffin from waste petroleum aromatic paraffin wax, the separated n-paraffin was characterized by XRD, TGA, GC and DSC, moreover; data revealed that the n-paraffin separated by using MIBK is better as PCM than that separated using BA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics%20simulation" title="molecular dynamics simulation">molecular dynamics simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=n-paraffin" title=" n-paraffin"> n-paraffin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solvents" title=" organic solvents"> organic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20change%20materials" title=" phase change materials"> phase change materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20extraction" title=" solvent extraction"> solvent extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129674/predicting-the-solubility-of-aromatic-waste-petroleum-paraffin-wax-in-organic-solvents-to-separate-ultra-pure-phase-change-materials-pcms-by-molecular-dynamics-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Public-Private Partnership Transportation Projects: An Exploratory Study in the US</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medya%20Fathi">Medya Fathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When public transportation projects were delivered through design-bid-build and later design-build, governments found a serious issue: inadequate funding. With population growth, governments began to develop new arrangements in which the private sectors were involved to cut the financial burden. This arrangement, known as Public-Private Partnership (PPP), has its own risks; however, performance outputs can motivate or discourage its use. On top of such output's list are time and budget, which can be affected by the type of project delivery methods. Project completion within or ahead of schedule as well as within or under budget is among any owner’s objectives. With a higher application of PPP in the highway industry in the US and insufficient PPP research, the current study addresses the schedule and cost performance of PPP highway projects and determines which one outperforms the other. To meet this objective, after collecting performance data of all PPP projects, schedule growth and cost growth are calculated, and finally, statistical analysis is conducted to evaluate the PPP performance. The results and conclusions will be provided. This study can assist practitioners in applying PPP for transportation projects by showing its ability to save time and/or cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost" title="cost">cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delivery%20method" title=" delivery method"> delivery method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=highway" title=" highway"> highway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public-private%20partnership" title=" public-private partnership"> public-private partnership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schedule" title=" schedule"> schedule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141818/public-private-partnership-transportation-projects-an-exploratory-study-in-the-us" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Impacts Of Salinity on Co2 Turnover in Some Gefara Soils of Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Elyaagubi">Fathi Elyaagubi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salinization is a major threat to the productivity of agricultural land. The Gefara Plain located in the northwest of Libya; comprises about 80% of the total agricultural activity. The high water requirements for the populations and agriculture are depleting the groundwater aquifer, resulting in intrusion of seawater in the first few kilometers along the coast. Due to increasing salinity in the groundwater used for irrigation, the soils of the Gefara Plain are becoming increasingly saline. This research paper investigated the sensitivity of these soils to increased salinity using Co2 evolution as an integrating measure of soil function. Soil was collected from four sites located in the Gefara Plain, Almaya, Janzur, Gargaresh and Tajura. Soil collected from Tajura had the highest background salinity, and Janzur had the highest organic matter content. All of the soils had relatively low organic matter content, ranging between 0.49-%1.25. The cumulative rate of 14CO2 of added 14C-labelled Lolium shoots (Lolium perenne L.) to soils was decreased under effects of water containing different concentrations of NaCl at 20, 50, 70, 90, 150, and 200 mM compared to the control at any time of incubation in four sites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20salinity" title="soil salinity">soil salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gefara%20plain" title=" gefara plain"> gefara plain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20matter" title=" organic matter"> organic matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=14C-labelled%20lolium%20shoots" title=" 14C-labelled lolium shoots"> 14C-labelled lolium shoots</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8205/impacts-of-salinity-on-co2-turnover-in-some-gefara-soils-of-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Effect of Marine Stress Starvation Conditions on Survival and Retention of the Properties of Potential Probiotic Bacillus Strains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkarim%20Mahdhi">Abdelkarim Mahdhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fdhila%20Kais"> Fdhila Kais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faouzi%20Lamari"> Faouzi Lamari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeineb%20Hmila"> Zeineb Hmila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Kamoun"> Fathi Kamoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20%C3%81ngeles%20Esteban"> Maria Ángeles Esteban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20Bakhrouf"> Amina Bakhrouf </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pathogenic bacteria are considered to be responsible for several infectious diseases in aquaculture. To overcome diseases in fish culture, the use of antimicrobial drugs as strategy, have been adopted. The use of probiotic was a promising approach to avoid the risk associated to pathogenic bacteria. To find a biological control treatment against pathogens, we undertook this investigation to study the maintain of the probiotic properties of Bacillus sp., such as viability, adhesive ability to abiotic surface, antibacterial activity and pathogenicity/toxicity, under marine starvation conditions. Our data revealed that the tested strains maintained their capacity to inhibit pathogens in vivo and in vitro conditions. These strains maintain their adhesive capacity to polystyrene and do not demonstrate the pathogenic or toxic effect to the host. The obtained results give insight about the effect of starvation conditions on the physiological responses of these Bacillus strains that can be considered as a potential candidate’s probiotic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacillus" title="bacillus">bacillus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic" title=" probiotic"> probiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20viability" title=" cell viability"> cell viability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starvation%20conditions" title=" starvation conditions"> starvation conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1587/effect-of-marine-stress-starvation-conditions-on-survival-and-retention-of-the-properties-of-potential-probiotic-bacillus-strains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Obtaining Constants of Johnson-Cook Material Model Using a Combined Experimental, Numerical Simulation and Optimization Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Rahimi%20Dehgolan">F. Rahimi Dehgolan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Behzadi"> M. Behzadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Fathi%20Sola"> J. Fathi Sola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, the Johnson-Cook material model’s constants for structural steel ST.37 have been determined by a method which integrates experimental tests, numerical simulation, and optimization. In the first step, a quasi-static test was carried out on a plain specimen. Next, the constants were calculated for it by minimizing the difference between the results acquired from the experiment and numerical simulation. Then, a quasi-static tension test was performed on three notched specimens with different notch radii. At last, in order to verify the results, they were used in numerical simulation of notched specimens and it was observed that experimental and simulation results are in good agreement. Changing the diameter size of the plain specimen in the necking area was set as the objective function in the optimization step. For final validation of the proposed method, diameter variation was considered as a parameter and its sensitivity to a change in any of the model constants was examined and the results were completely corroborating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constants" title="constants">constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johnson-Cook%20material%20model" title=" Johnson-Cook material model"> Johnson-Cook material model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=notched%20specimens" title=" notched specimens"> notched specimens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-static%20test" title=" quasi-static test"> quasi-static test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity" title=" sensitivity"> sensitivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49772/obtaining-constants-of-johnson-cook-material-model-using-a-combined-experimental-numerical-simulation-and-optimization-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Extractive Desulfurization of Fuels Using Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Zaki">T. Zaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20S.%20Soliman"> Fathi S. Soliman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Desulfurization process is required by most, if not all refineries, to achieve ultra-low sulfur fuel, that contains less than 10 ppm sulfur. A lot of research works and many effective technologies have been studied to achieve deep desulfurization process in moderate reaction environment, such as adsorption desulfurization (ADS), oxidative desulfurization (ODS), biodesulfurization and extraction desulfurization (EDS). Extraction desulfurization using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is considered as simple, cheap, highly efficient and environmentally friend process. In this work, four DESs were designed and synthesized. Choline chloride (ChCl) was selected as typical hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA), and ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (Gl), urea (Ur) and thiourea (Tu) were selected as hydrogen bond donors (HBD), from which a series of deep eutectic solvents were synthesized. The experimental data showed that the synthesized DESs showed desulfurization affinities towards the thiophene species in cyclohexane solvent. Ethylene glycol molecules showed more affinity to create hydrogen bond with thiophene instead of choline chloride. Accordingly, ethylene glycol choline chloride DES has the highest extraction efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DES" title="DES">DES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desulfurization" title=" desulfurization"> desulfurization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20solvent" title=" green solvent"> green solvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73326/extractive-desulfurization-of-fuels-using-choline-chloride-based-deep-eutectic-solvents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Sales-Based Dynamic Investment and Leverage Decisions: A Longitudinal Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rihab%20Belguith">Rihab Belguith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Abid"> Fathi Abid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper develops a system-based approach to investigate the dynamic adjustment of debt structure and investment policies of the Dow-Jones index. This approach enables the assessment of relations among sales, debt, and investment opportunities by considering the simultaneous effect of the market environmental change and future growth opportunities. We integrate the firm-specific sales variance to capture the industries' conditions in the model. Empirical results were obtained through a panel data set of firms with different sectors. The analysis support that environmental change does not affect equally the different industry since operating leverage differs among industries and so the sensitivity to sales variance. Including adjusted-specific variance, we find that there is no monotonic relation between leverage, sales, and investment. The firm may choose a low debt level in response to high sales variance but high leverage to attenuate the negative relation between sales variance and the current level of investment. We further find that while the overall effect of debt maturity on leverage is unaffected by the level of growth opportunities, the shorter the maturity of debt is, the smaller the direct effect of sales variance on investment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20panel" title="dynamic panel">dynamic panel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investment" title=" investment"> investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leverage%20decision" title=" leverage decision"> leverage decision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sales%20uncertainty" title=" sales uncertainty"> sales uncertainty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140094/sales-based-dynamic-investment-and-leverage-decisions-a-longitudinal-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> The Predicted Values of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) by Using the Measurements of the Soil Resistivity Method (DC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Ali%20Swaid">Fathi Ali Swaid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The CBR test is widely used in the assessment of granular materials in base, subbase and subgrade layers of road and airfield pavements. Despite the success of this method, but it depends on a limited numbers of soil samples. This limitation do not adequately account for the spatial variability of soil properties. Thus, assessment is derived using these cursory soil data are likely to contain errors and thus make interpretation and soil characterization difficult. On the other hand quantitative methods of soil inventory at the field scale involve the design and adoption of sampling regimes and laboratory analysis that are time consuming and costly. In the latter case new technologies are required to efficiently sample and observe the soil in the field. This is particularly the case where soil bearing capacity is prevalent, and detailed quantitative information for determining its cause is required. In this paper, an electrical resistivity method DC is described and its application in Elg'deem Dirt road, located in Gasser Ahmad - Misurata, Libya. Results from the DC instrument were found to be correlated with the CBR values (r2 = 0.89). Finally, it is noticed that, the correlation can be used with experience for determining CBR value using basic soil electrical resistivity measurements and checked by few CBR test representing a similar range of CBR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=California%20bearing%20ratio" title="California bearing ratio">California bearing ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20soil%20electrical%20resistivity" title=" basic soil electrical resistivity"> basic soil electrical resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBR" title=" CBR"> CBR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subgrade" title=" subgrade"> subgrade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20technologies" title=" new technologies"> new technologies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15183/the-predicted-values-of-the-california-bearing-ratio-cbr-by-using-the-measurements-of-the-soil-resistivity-method-dc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Dual-Channel Multi-Band Spectral Subtraction Algorithm Dedicated to a Bilateral Cochlear Implant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Kallel">Fathi Kallel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Ben%20Hamida"> Ahmed Ben Hamida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Berger-Vachon"> Christian Berger-Vachon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a Speech Enhancement Algorithm based on Multi-Band Spectral Subtraction (MBSS) principle is evaluated for Bilateral Cochlear Implant (BCI) users. Specifically, dual-channel noise power spectral estimation algorithm using Power Spectral Densities (PSD) and Cross Power Spectral Densities (CPSD) of the observed signals is studied. The enhanced speech signal is obtained using Dual-Channel Multi-Band Spectral Subtraction ‘DC-MBSS’ algorithm. For performance evaluation, objective speech assessment test relying on Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) score is performed to fix the optimal number of frequency bands needed in DC-MBSS algorithm. In order to evaluate the speech intelligibility, subjective listening tests are assessed with 3 deafened BCI patients. Experimental results obtained using French Lafon database corrupted by an additive babble noise at different Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR) showed that DC-MBSS algorithm improves speech understanding for single and multiple interfering noise sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20enhancement" title="speech enhancement">speech enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20substracion" title=" spectral substracion"> spectral substracion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20estimation" title=" noise estimation"> noise estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cochlear%20impalnt" title=" cochlear impalnt"> cochlear impalnt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18785/dual-channel-multi-band-spectral-subtraction-algorithm-dedicated-to-a-bilateral-cochlear-implant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Chemical Characterization of Octopus Vulgaris Ink and Evaluation of its in-vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Schistosomicidal Activities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salwa%20A.%20H.%20Hamdi">Salwa A. H. Hamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20A.%20M.%20El-Shazly"> Maha A. M. El-Shazly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Fathi%20Fol"> Mona Fathi Fol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20S.%20Mossalem"> Hanan S. Mossalem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosad%20A.%20Ghareeb"> Mosad A. Ghareeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20M.%20Ibrahim"> Amina M. Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most distinctive and defining features of cephalopods squid, cuttlefish, and Octopus is their inking behavior. Their ink, which is blackened by melanin but also contains other constituents, has been used by humans in various ways for millennia. The present study aims to investigate the chemical profiling of the Octopus vulgaris ink extract and to evaluate its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-schistosomal activities. The present results showed that GC-MS examination of Octopus vulgaris ink comprises 21 compounds. The main detected compounds are (E)-1, 2, 3, 4-Tetra (4-phenylphenyl)-2-butene-1,4-dione, Lipo-3-episapelin A, and 5,10-Dihexyltetrabenzoporphyrin. Results showed that the octopus ink had antioxidant capacity and the capability to mask DPPH free radicals in comparison with ascorbic acid. Octopus Vulgaris ink extract had inhibitory action against three gram-positive bacteria, Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, and three gram-negative bacteria, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeuroginosa. Additionally, the extracted ink revealed antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus and yeast as Candida albicans. The obtained data indicated the effectiveness of ink extract in pharmaceutical industries as an antioxidant, antimicrobial and antischistosomicidal <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title="antimicrobial">antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ink" title=" ink"> ink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=octopus%20vulgaris" title=" octopus vulgaris"> octopus vulgaris</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160772/chemical-characterization-of-octopus-vulgaris-ink-and-evaluation-of-its-in-vitro-antioxidant-antimicrobial-and-anti-schistosomicidal-activities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Evaluation of Critical Success Factors in Public-Private Partnership Projects Based on Structural Equation Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medya%20Fathi">Medya Fathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, success in the construction industry is not merely about project completion in a timely manner within an established budget and meeting required quality considerations. Management practices and partnerships need to be emphasized as well. In this regard, critical success factors (CSFs) cover necessary considerations for a successful project beyond the traditional success definition, which vary depending on project outcomes, delivery methods, project types, and partnering processes. Despite the extensive research on CSFs, there is a paucity of studies that examine CSFs for public-private partnership (PPP); the delivery method, which has gained increasing attention from researchers and practitioners over the last decade with a slow but growing adoption in the transportation infrastructure, particularly, highway industry. To fill this knowledge gap, data are collected through questionnaire surveys among private and public parties involved in PPP transportation projects in the United States. Then, the collected data are analyzed to explore the causality relationships between CSFs and PPP project success using structural equation model and provide a list of factors with the greatest influence. This study advocates adopting a critical success factor approach to enhance PPP success in the U.S. transportation industry and identify elements essential for public and private organizations to achieve this success. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20success" title="project success">project success</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20success%20factors" title=" critical success factors"> critical success factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public-private%20partnership" title=" public-private partnership"> public-private partnership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160955/evaluation-of-critical-success-factors-in-public-private-partnership-projects-based-on-structural-equation-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Sustainability and Energy-Efficiency in Buildings: A review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medya%20Fathi">Medya Fathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Moving toward sustainable development is among today’s critical issues worldwide that make all industries, particularly construction, pay increasing attention to a healthy environment and a society with a prosperous economy. One of the solutions is to improve buildings’ energy performance by cutting energy consumption and related carbon emissions, eventually improving the quality of life. Unfortunately, the energy demand for buildings is rising. For instance, in Europe, the building sector accounts for 19% of the global energy-related greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions, the main contributor to global warming in the last 50 years, and 36% of the total CO2 emissions, according to European Commission 2019. The crisis of energy use demands expanding knowledge and understanding of the potential benefits of energy-efficient buildings. In this regard, the present paper aims to critically review the existing body of knowledge on improving energy efficiency in buildings and detail the significant research contributions. Peer-reviewed journal articles published in the last decade in reputed journals were reviewed using the database Scopus and keywords of Sustainability, Sustainable Development, Energy Performance, Energy Consumption, Energy Efficiency, and Buildings. All contributions will be classified by journal type, publication time, country/region, building occupancy type, applied strategies, and findings. This study will provide an essential basis for researchers working on missing areas and filling the existing gaps in the body of knowledge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title="sustainability">sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20performance" title=" energy performance"> energy performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buildings" title=" buildings"> buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=review" title=" review"> review</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160624/sustainability-and-energy-efficiency-in-buildings-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Comparison of Polyphonic Profile of a Berry from Two Different Sources, Using an Optimized Extraction Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Torabian">G. Torabian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Fathi"> A. Fathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Valtchev"> P. Valtchev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Dehghani"> F. Dehghani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The superior polyphenol content of Sambucus nigra berries has high health potentials for the production of nutraceutical products. Numerous factors influence the polyphenol content of the final products including the berries’ source and the subsequent processing production steps. The aim of this study is to compare the polyphenol content of berries from two different sources and also to optimise the polyphenol extraction process from elderberries. Berries from source B obtained more acceptable physical properties than source A; a single berry from source B was double in size and weight (both wet and dry weight) compared with a source A berry. Despite the appropriate physical characteristics of source B berries, their polyphenolic profile was inferior; as source A berries had 2.3 fold higher total anthocyanin content, and nearly two times greater total phenolic content and total flavonoid content compared to source B. Moreover, the result of this study showed that almost 50 percent of the phenolic content of berries are entrapped within their skin and pulp that potentially cannot be extracted by press juicing. To address this challenge and to increase the total polyphenol yield of the extract, we used cold-shock blade grinding method to break the cell walls. The result of this study showed that using cultivars with higher phenolic content as well as using the whole fruit including juice, skin and pulp can increase polyphenol yield significantly; and thus, may boost the potential of using elderberries as therapeutic products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=different%20sources" title="different sources">different sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderberry" title=" elderberry"> elderberry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grinding" title=" grinding"> grinding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=juicing" title=" juicing"> juicing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenols" title=" polyphenols"> polyphenols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44253/comparison-of-polyphonic-profile-of-a-berry-from-two-different-sources-using-an-optimized-extraction-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Evaluation of Postural Stability in Patients with Flat Feet: A Controlled Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Mohamed%20Rashad">Ghada Mohamed Rashad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doaa%20Ayoub%20Elimy"> Doaa Ayoub Elimy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Hussein%20Elgendy"> Mohamed Hussein Elgendy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mohamed%20Fathi%20Elshiwi"> Ahmed Mohamed Fathi Elshiwi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Ghazy"> Mahmoud Ghazy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Flat feet cause changes in foot mobility, foot posture, and load distribution under the foot which influences dynamic balance, that is essential in activities of daily living and for optimal performance in sports activity. Purpose: To investigate the effect of flat feet on dynamic balance including overall stability index (OAI), anteroposterior stability index (APSI) and mediolateral stability index (MLSI). Study Design: The design of the study was an experimental design. Subjects: Forty subjects from both sexes were selected from the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, their mean age (23.55 ± 1.74 ) years, divided into two groups, group A (8 males and 12 females) with flat feet, and group B (9 males and 11 females) with normal feet. Methods: The Navicular Drop Test was used to determine if the feet were pronated and Biodex Balance System was used to assess dynamic balance at level 8 and level 4 for both groups. Results: There was no significant difference in dynamic balance including (OSI, APSI and MLSI) of the Biodex at stability level (8) (most stable) (p = 0.56). While there was a significant difference between both groups in all dependent variables at stability level (4) (less stable level) (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: It may be concluded that flat feet have an effect on dynamic balance and there is balance affection in subjects with flat feet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20feet" title="flat feet">flat feet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20balance" title=" dynamic balance"> dynamic balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postural%20stability" title=" postural stability"> postural stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=types%20of%20flat%20feet" title=" types of flat feet"> types of flat feet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eversion%20strength" title=" eversion strength"> eversion strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36237/evaluation-of-postural-stability-in-patients-with-flat-feet-a-controlled-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fathi&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fathi&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> 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