CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91349e40d89a87a8',cH: 'xhybiju3FCkJs3MXlQZq.w39Q9iCXazTa1Q4QtXSURk-1739783152-1.2.1.1-HozPzLLLbb0VUnGgJSdIDoC2UV_ywtzUNayX4iG8thaMFfdtH1Ns4WeGNgF12HhE',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=OSA&__cf_chl_tk=UlX0DQlwX2eEMqt217XxZzSDjPUyY71QetCQfu0sCsY-1739783152-1.0.1.1-yXK.Z2j9Mp7eRGdf1zZCtF7nk7KkCd10DeEIrihkoaM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783152',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=OSA&__cf_chl_f_tk=UlX0DQlwX2eEMqt217XxZzSDjPUyY71QetCQfu0sCsY-1739783152-1.0.1.1-yXK.Z2j9Mp7eRGdf1zZCtF7nk7KkCd10DeEIrihkoaM",md: "oHQUuHfp6k9GUtUJ5jd6T7su3WGhnW2Cw5g4xovIRrk-1739783152-1.2.1.1-YeMxDqT7EZBFtKjkxTLMxYo_zZFhezK6ydIjDhLXLVpuqxKhUN5Q20YOu_rf7TNAOoZZyoo3WIs23UXbXi5vzZDi9qc7_DdxQnqgf6hxGhGc7lsXr.HMd4N4D0E95JEQJItOTSQA7c2ZSduWyRcRqKYH4eiktMbxuo0zJtajD61VmDLLpEkBmbkJrfi8p_RggwKLogQEHI5i3zdhlJuXzhtyjwiGXUOJK31MvMQZ1StqqtyTqBfA9jgEpugcpn_C5jHNPiUc_ydo3PicpGkSoN9tUOn_ZJQ47mXG6yAW0JaRK6EV4p_iXKy1QiHwPqzHpL.gUk8zecvg1imgSD.FwNZtcUV12saoFn1JYMxwxuzxYvStzsLXy5l4r3GUBgeq8U28t_500jBQA5obnaC8pTLEJoaG4uyLzJOPWDpWLSHirrM7U9KRKxXzCOxflHtdimo4dN_Boej.vdpR.Zu1..tHOT898HWq43VNLdvbvtHrbjCwWpcEePC0mFEqjQUePl3mTeYUEdcwr_kmKQ3NHoL52i2Wphy.pCvhmPCviFJ5B.xGbmOkVEQS_t6s1hkcFjwwjWGcQqA95cNW6NI._yLG2YFe9eyhagmQd8H.wYPto1obuJOY2Sl7rNQ.xO734cSPfqjrP0o..w2bZN_r1KXxME5UMavI.vAh1gQVBx341iX_vrNYn7KF4AgTviRQ_2rzjWt4pDElvFFAqmtxn1X4ZQmZujDsL4oIGr_xSDh8dYM._mkG5UjK1ohYNLAlRZGJCN8mg_79ARUoV9pNWggkb5KreOwrnfZDV8AUW0XAHC17KIots0vHX9bz1x2f2SPX_n3hzkwQC2KKojYP0rbL0uv_SZ8hY4Ovw0ggErr5INkmfUSTyTBHe2gBdIyWYlFboStVfJ4eoxVrjItcpTwLUzubF9n2RM.DqCE9G.1cBhk58O8GG5YBGoALFodPIpUfBEbrj7pMVIeWr1XtahQsu1UENlJczN7FV6Wa2sLuASvsqelrBU_mf0lfrijcYBfc7CFZeDy6syHjKRDTOiSD8A54XuAIH45T9.3HNGRnMc7BHW1Yb12NaWpKKf.asw5qVqNKMK.cOQ5h6nFiv38OXLrrOrm9UdajSovCtIElqBiCGyVpa8_eKZ9fHkzTZQqXfAkFoc8rFhiC.VprL7APWG0K4KjwSJPeRrCR3kFv6LtGrdks.866vrLfI0GLL0LcATkL6ZAaXXbmWZQYwRAFjAgR2Z_rW9dnuYCLsU605MQ7B5nv0uR_J507moi0GJwgS0syzLDocmPIPMiFuERb4EqM0gO5rOShGzFJ5VgteWQ8V7ndO842eCs1oRg2N_fOuUHgA.6JnHjQhJSRZJIy.mdBlrdH0vNoboOk1Tt5Ykjg3wbr4aJZYwPVjLDG3uhLZ3IzBFAusA7G7eVP0LoDsQ9ZJAgwBL49wZTchzgefWtekoTx7W37rEQhXoft0E4eezPQ5hYP0WbG.8VhSZvO5Ziv5GdhpWT1LZWzwm8Xiqag6CRsILxHzog6z1ieD_IAkM_2gYkdajMlLksGtvW5lro1BJMNh3APCrOSWWD4iQ94PetcHjEtibSiQamfg0DUJtyt9DnVw_fHj_PrO23B4_O5j_ccigrHJtcQAADgKPlCl2cDBB_UiIl7dZS7FCGSEoJoW398Dd8gatlmUr2c2f9H7FB_geJpAwSIWpcHAjnkCgU7GInlvV2KzOu0yzn4liHeRMNOzQ9no8wa0F.hJk6p1ZCYmoynv8k8C4f_.4SMrPgpgL1qNpUihDnVd0omFxaxD6ZHFTF2Y5LAU5uHLgONXvYbb1AMxKWtEdZFuV0CRP6AmhiUl8I0tBWQRxxp2DRutg8wGap8g4e6VwhO16UoAs7PbnSsHafkBuTpzxrbgNipXQMfarJo_cZh",mdrd: "RbXy7gmFQpa.Tva.fdl_uEB17Bwrkv18AKTHnYUUe70-1739783152-1.2.1.1-021oDF2jloFnmXdE9rF1JQWcK2K.162M_AfQm9TMt24FBZITtP2uu8LaVFbJJhR8OONpGAF6_VQCT_nEYo6Key0VLdsOyUgPdWA5FU_ig7O7cn_wWV.MmP0jU5__fch5ii4ZK5Tsc8vHUcnuLPAMsQN5wlGt.jc2ZXARdwxpzs6srSvEqaO2jHfdQxaTJR8KgeR9FGYT5IBWkhpJXwXY1T8CCBAFLDVVM7HGoFFxFr6CIZhOm5M8KQlz0EvrDlMsZ8Gvpk48dL5hCwPJjm1ADtOpymnjdxicPRveL_YoifqtM44Zru8mB9CI09NhprAvDzoaagBiHlGsTmWKnDpOrCNEkRtcDmYl_laF966NXoyiXYpLD0QmmH4w0yqWAplYHDqRIHgY4LIjybl4wd1RHcRRmdoKTy1W3s6GodgOjao6aN9Um99xpCIQFJL2TEHYWSwImI6G8UTukn0iXjZjcNzVF_FtG67SocH3_scD68BMyVNG6Ykp8U..TyNp5sn1NwODp9yy8ylvjF.u6wAKzap3Zb0RroP0pH8U12s.RXxZi1GgitQosrON_zrLkSqLpMEj7qelc8VBZN8YcoJNqelnk0XZ3YwP_afj3erBCEy03KRbQQIdOW4efzty41F9XUrsWNwy8MCyS0r.Ud1ozTPopqM1h6PT..oVBjpbgeCdNExdzOFXkpUY17vyH9j70CBiQsLDxXwDxuWWsX4ZM_8yxNDjKoZQMvT8Cw5jHoirjSXWoylY7rcLB2L6Ll8ritg_jCxVCzxYWA3YUbgySpaXOhO.NGg1.1ECy93RoW.jYEGnphtyxm0rtnF13ixkv97YZYtugnoT_pRrJencz2.UQNFGhV5axP9l9y8VmmPWJjElixkig8iHycSXXEuPY1NaQIc7_ULGavUETEpEuYXbU3eEoTlvwPoIrvNHnFrHC82LCXjlSOXYlkxn_la9XEKk2NzFSQXDiwptC03I798bF.Q3OmPBWyd4RwZGAY9xqaShthAqkRKTECPDqc2oY1.78vvzV5GXrtAhceqwHipDNkhEOMoW6ifc1NTig9xOmCP8f8RDL7Uv4MeQF8wvYOKESGx8Et7opZGxDXOEGBFvRZ2XuocACPVoq6Xs4vpgs7C5JZ2fBxgEQlBK0KvkJ_n4.4AOaqTPI4my35WGpef9AEEL.TLnlVhVZt3wyVTQTlSl08YTofcILQpuYHdib.LhL5eIyQRbjokoBxhCldGaCfqQauHGfsQ8Z45_c1dUnocp8ejUKGvBawAVDDLhKW4X_mLa9A2tS8sp2YxKE_FOuzl0uw00tiUfF5HPxjKGhLCQ2OoNadmqTESY62KdsjfnFeQhmEhY_rMB.Hkf6Ews_RqdTxqMru9zVHBR3ZgWfPx6T9gvl0lXa8wqrQcmnJfB3K2FxSSo_gdwuhfsZ3lAoDlq1CI33RJN7VMq1__AtGOeGJxVPOAg0qXGdBic9_OXeOd14GcdAyZsw2tuUi2TgQu9ov7d4gngT39o6KDZRojYFBksDop9t5FukiNWInkFOsH_UFs6H9o2M6RgXJ.GMBOZITJIqAnlckDfaGAuBrZ5x2jppTw9bFsaJwmsZ5iYUdobv3L2ZCzDORjlWvhG7.DX.Vz.5Zx4IdwSPKHTPXbXe3WgzAi5DQLahpafl1FoDJOmrUHgjCKHYFhWqBv3OuMksMijfCDHeLmlcPCy8V_1IObY3_eVdYt1Xb0U31j8Sfd1V7qdH4mmttKFMApOc0XW4sL3FeJD.r1wIGVoTKjmcffryeVLhxday2TPS5VfJyixG6gYVv81v9HDAfHqU8nC5.xUa3GaZBP3bcKABBDr98yvaJV2ZwMvWo7PEMD_0DcVhO3kzoQqWAmCpmevuvqQXmfA1xs2yp0UGmalx.93CH0rZUSasIABTQpc60dGSLl.zSUrq_hf6MPPjUZNuIV5AkbtfuINAebRXYtuz2CKcMHJgRY.O5h5kvFNfD4eiAGrIunOcVBCO9R.Nw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91349e40d89a87a8';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=OSA&__cf_chl_rt_tk=UlX0DQlwX2eEMqt217XxZzSDjPUyY71QetCQfu0sCsY-1739783152-1.0.1.1-yXK.Z2j9Mp7eRGdf1zZCtF7nk7KkCd10DeEIrihkoaM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>